Inkqubo Yokulungiselela Umgqumo Womongameli

Isifungo somongameli wesikhundla sisinye esinesiphumo esiphambili somphumo omnye ophambili, umongameli wase-United States oza kuhlala esenza. Sisenzo esisemthethweni, somgaqo-siseko esidlulisela amagunya amakhulu esebe eliphetheyo ukusuka kumongameli omnye ukuya komnye. Nangona isifungo ngokwaso sithatha ixesha elingaphantsi komzuzu, ukulungiselela emva kwaso kukwinyanga, ukusebenza okucwangcisiweyo okudibanisa umthetho wesiseko, isithethe, ucwangciso lomthetho wezomthetho, ukhuseleko oluphambili, kunye nemifanekiso yezobupolitika. Ukuqonda le nkqubo kutyhila ubunzima obuninzi, kunye namandla oxolo lwedemokhrasi yaseMelika.

Isiseko sembali nesomGaqo-siseko se-Oath

Amagama achanileyo esifungo somongameli yenye yenkcukacha ezimbalwa zabalawuli bomGaqo-siseko abakhetha ukukhankanya ngokucacileyo. Icandelo lesibini, iCandelo 1, uClause 8 ufundeka ngolu hlobo: " ndifunga (okanye ndiqinisekisa) ukuba ngokuthembekileyo ndiza kuphumeza i-Ofisi kaMongameli wase-United States, kwaye ndiza kukhusela, ndikhusele, ndikhusele, ndikhusele umGaqo-siseko wase-United States.

Eli binzana yayikukushiya ngabom izifungo zokumkani waseYurophu. Kunokuba isithembiso kuthixo okanye kumthetho wegazi wasebukhosini, umongameli waseMerika ufunga ukunyaniseka kumGaqo-siseko obhaliweyo `uxwebhu olunika abantu amandla. Ukukhetha "ukuqinisekisa" endaweni ye "ingubo" yokufaka iimphini zonqulo ezifana ne Quakers, ozimisela ukufunga. Ekuhambeni kweminyaka, umongameli ngamnye uphinda-phinda olu lwimi lubhaliweyo, nangona umsitho ozingqongileyo uvele ngokuphawulekayo.

Unikezelo lokuqala .Gegeo Washington’s , lwaqukunjelwa kwiHolo yeFederal kwisiXeko saseNew York. iWashington yongeza ibinzana elithi "ndincede kuThixo" emva kwesifungo, yabeka isandla sakhe kwiBhayibhile, imisela umzekelo oye walandelwa phantse onke amalandela. IsiHlaliso samashumi amabini eSinyuso, sagunyaziswa ngo-1933, sasusa uSuku loNyaka kusuka ngoMatshi 4 ukuya kuJanuwari 20, ukunciphisa umhla we "umhla wokucanda" kwaye songeza ungxamiselo ekulungiseleleni ixesha. Ukususela ngowe 1981, umsitho wesithombo weNtshona ye-United States Capitoly, indawo ekhethwe ukuze ibone imbonakalo yayo nembonakalo yayo ephawulekayo. Ukubona ngakumbi kwimbali yesizwe, bona imbali yembali ye-[FLPT]

Iimfuno ezingokwasemthethweni neKomiti yeBhunga eliManyeneyo

Ngeli xesha umbhalo wesifungo usisigxina, ucwangciso lweJCIC lulawulwa ngomthetho kunye nesithethe. IKomiti yeKhomishoni eManyeneyo ekwi-Inaugrual Ceremonies (JCC) liququzelela imicimbi esemthethweni eCapitol. Isiseko se-1901, iJCCIC iquka abaququzeli abathathu kunye nabameli abathathu abalungelelanisa zonke iinkcukacha: ukusuka ekwakheni iqonga lokuqala ukuya kwindawo yokuhlala izikhululo ze-Ostres, i-isuance yethi, kunye nocwangciso lokulungisa. Ikomiti isebenza ngokusondeleyo ne Home emhlophe, iphethe, i-Pronade eUnited States, kunye noluhlu lwamaziko e-oventine. I-JCICIC inika ucwangciso olubanzi lwendlela yokulungisa (i-PGenec [0]]

Ukunduluka Okude: Ucwangciso lotshintsho

Ukulungiselela isifungo akuqali ngoJanuwari 20; kuqalisa ngoko nangoko emva konyulo, kwaye ngeendlela ezininzi phambi koko. UMthetho woMongameli woNguqulo ka-1963, njengoko ulungisiwe, unika isiseko esisesikweni sokudluliswa kwamandla. Umongameli ozayo unelungelo lokufumana indawo yeofisi, ufihlo lukarhulumente, unikezelo kubuchule bokutyunjwa, kunye nobuncwane bokulungiselela iimbopheleleko zomyalelo. Eli xesha lotshintsho libalulekile ngenxa yokuba isifungo asiguquleli nje isiqu somphathi-(ithi isenza sisebenze ngokupheleleyo negunya lomphathi-ntloko, isigqwenga esiyintloko, isigqeba-ntloko, kunye nentloko yezwe.

Imisebenzi engundoqo yokuguqula exhasa ngokuthe ngqo ilungiselelo lesifungo iquka oku:

  • I-Legal votting - iqela lomlungiseleli womthetho womongameli lihlola iimfuno zomgaqo-siseko, naziphi na iintsingiselo ezicacileyo zombuso (ukokuba isifungo sinikezelwa kwiCapitol kwiSithili saseColumbia, kodwa umthetho wesizwe uyaphumelela), kwaye amagama esifungo ngokwaso. Kwimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana naxa umhla uthe wafika ngeCawa, imibhiyozo yangasese ibanjelwe phambi komnye kawonke wonke, njengakwixesha lesibini likaMongameli Barack Obama.
  • IiNjongo zoMququzelelo kunye nokuzilungiselela – umphengululi-mkhethi uthatha inxaxheba kwisantya esipheleleyo sokuhamba kwiCapitol. Oku kuqhelisela, oku ngokufuthi kuqhutywa kwiintsuku ezingaphambili, kubandakanya uJaji oyintloko okanye ukuma okumiselweyo, abafundi bengqungquthela, inkxaso yomkhosi, kunye nabasebenzi bokhuseleko.
  • [[FLT: 0] Intetho evela kumagosa aphumayo - ulawulo oluphumayo lunika ufihlo lobulumko, ukuqhubekeka kwemithetho elandelwayo karhulumente, kunye nolwazi lwempendulo kaxakeka. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umongameli ozayo ukulungele ukuthatha umyalelo ngexesha isifungo esigqityiweyo, kwanakwingxaki.

Usuku lokuHlaziya: Ukulandelana komzuzu ngeMinute yeSiko noKhuseleko

Kusasa ngoJanuwari 20 kuqalisa kudala ngaphambi kokuba iikhamera ziqengqeleke. Umongameli kunye nesekela lomphathi-mikhosi udla ngokuya kwinkonzo yomthandazo yabucala kwiCawa ye-Episcopal yeSt. John's Episcopal, ngqo ngaphaya kweNdlu emhlophe. Le "Chutshelo looMongameli" iqala kuJames Madison kwaye inikela umboniso wexesha phambi kombutho kawonke-wonke.

Ukusuka apho, umongameli ongu matshini uhamba ukuya kwiNdlu eWhite, ukuya kwintlanganiso emfutshane yesithethe nomongameli ohambayo − isenzo somfuziselo somanyano nokufuduswa koxolo. Ngoko, oomongameli ababini , okanye umongameli-okanye umelo olusuka kulawulo oluphumayo ngezantsi , kunye nomelo olusuka kumphathi-mikhosi ohambayo (uCapitol kwinqwelo-moya, ngokufuthi ekhatshwa ngabapheleli bomkhosi. Uhambo olugudla ngasePennsylvania Avenue lubekwe kwimbali; indlela yasetyenziswa ngexesha lomboniso lwangaphambili lweWashington kwaye yandiswe ukwenzela imicimbi yokhuseleko yale mihla.

Ngeli xesha, kwiNtshona Front yeCapitol, amawaka eendwendwe, kuquka amaJaji eNkundla ePhakamileyo, amalungu eNkundla eMgangathweni, ababesakuba ngoomongameli, iindwalutho zasemzini, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi, bahlanganisana phantsi kogada lweNkonzo yeNkundla, amaPolice Capitol, kunye neJoint Task Monical Capito-National Comment Concental. Ukhuseleko lungaqhelekanga: imiqathango yesithuba senqwelo-moya, amaqela ezixhobo zokudubula ngenqwelo-moya, amaqela obuchule, kunye namawaka abaphathi-yunifomu. Bonke abakhoyo badlula ngemibhobho yokuhlola intsimbi; iingxowa ze-ondolo; kwaye yonke iCapitol perimeter iqinithe ngemiqobo.

Lo msitho ulandela umyalelo ongqalileyo: imidlalo yomculo, izicelo, iSifungo soNcedo, kunye nokufunga kwesekela lomongameli (okwathabatha isifungo somGaqo-siseko). Kuze ke kufike isiganeko esingundoqo(ukufunga) kumongameli.

IOath Ceremony: Ulawulo Nophawu

Emini nje kuphela, ngokugunyaziswa nguMmiselo wama-20 weSigqibo wama-20 () uMgwebi oMkhulu wase-United States wenza isifungo. Umongameli ubeka isandla sabo sasekhohlo kwiBhayibhile okanye komnye umbhalo ongcwele (uGeorge Washington wasebenzisa iBhayibhile yamaMasonic; oomongameli abaninzi kamva basebenzisa iiBhayibhile zentsapho), baphakamisa isandla sabo sasekunene, kwaye basiphinda isifungo emva koMgwebi oMkhulu. UJaji oMkhulu udla ngokusiphinda isifungo ngesantya esilinganisiweyo, kwaye umongameli usiphinda isigama ngebinzana. Kwindlela yanamhlanje, umongameli usoloko edibanisa "sondinceda kuThixo" ekupheleni, nangona oku kungafunwangafunwanga ngumGaqo-siseko.

Ixesha elibalulekileyo. Ukuba isifungo asigqitywanga emini emaqanda, ubuchule bobungangameli buyehla phantsi koMphetho-mda wama-20. Isiko lomsitho ucwangciselwe ukugqiba kanye emini emaqanda, kwaye iJaji ePhakamileyo iqala isifungo malunga no-11:58 ukuqinisekisa utshintsho luyenzeka ngexesha elimisiweyo lomgaqo-siseko. Umongameli omtsha ngoko uba ngumphathi-ntloko-ntloko yombuso umzuzu obesele uthethwa ngawo ululo xwebhu.

Ukukhethwa kweBhayibhile kusoloko kuzele intsingiselo yobuqu neyembali. UMongameli uJoe Biden wasebenzisa iBhayibhile enkulu egqunywe ngesikhumba eyayikhona entsatsheni yakhe ukususela ngowe-1893 kwaye wayesebenzisa njengesekela lomongameli. UMongameli uDonald Trump wasebenzisa iiBhayibhile ezimbini: iBhayibhile yakhe yabantwana kunye nenye enikwa ngunina, kunye neBhayibhile yaseLincoln. UMongameli uBarack Obama wasebenzisa iBhayibhile ebhalwe ngofele, edibanisa unikezelo lwakhe lwembali lwe-emanpication kunye namalungelo abantu. Ezi zinto zizinto azikhethayo zisetyenziswa ngumhleli wezixhobo zezixhobo zekhompyutha kwaye zifuzisela, kodwa ziphinda zicaciswe kakuhle: iBhayibhile ibekwe kwitafile encinci ekwindawo esekunene kanye; amaphepha asetyenziswa njengendawo ecacileyo; ivesi esekhohlo ibhalwe kakuhle; ivesi elikwindawo ecocekileyo.

Emva nje kweOath: Idilesi ePhambili kunye nokuthuthwa kwamandla

Xa isifungo sigqityiwe, umongameli ophumayo uphele, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, uphelile ukubamba naliphi na igunya lolawulo. Umongameli omtsha unika idilesi yokwakhelwa kwangaphambili `intetho ecwangcisela ulawulo. Le dilesi sisenzo sokuqala sobungangameli obutsha phantsi kweGatya II, kwaye ulungiselelo lwayo lubandakanya amaqela achazayo athetha ngokuhambelana nokufunga. Idilesi ayiyonxalenye yesifungo kodwa ilandela, kwaye iye yasetyenziswa ngokwembali ukumanyanisa uhlanga, imigaqo ebanzi, kunye nokuthetha ngeengxaki ezingaphambili. Kwindawo yokugcina iidilesi zembali, bona uqokelelo beencwadi zelizwe. [[FLT]

Emva kwedilesi, umongameli ophumayo kunye nebhinqa lokuqala elihambayo ngokusemthethweni bashiya iCapitol nge-helikopta, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwimpuma yoMkhosi wempuma. Oku kunduluka kufuzisela ```````````'''''''''. Lo mongameli mtsha' utshintsha ngokuyintloko ummi walapho. Lo mongameli mtsha, odityaniswe nentsapho yokuqala, ngoko uthatha inxaxheba kumboniso wokuqalisa, ukuqwalasela amajoni ukusuka kwi-Capitol ebala laza kamva ngase Pennsylvania Avenue. Uhambo luquka amaqela emkhosi, amaqela esikolo aphakamileyo, kunye nemibutho yezequmrhuluko, kwaye lukwisithethe esisemva kokunikezelwa konyaka wokuqala.

Imibhiyozo Yangokuhlwa Nonqabiseko Oluqhubekayo

Lo mhla uyaqhubeka ngebhola enye okanye ezininzi ezivulwayo, apho umongameli omtsha kunye nebhinqa lokuqala lomngqungqo ngokwesithethe. Ezi ziganeko zezomkhosi kodwa zihlala phantsi kwemithetho elandelwayo yokhuseleko ephezulu. INkonzo yeSekwenziso igcina iinkcukacha zokukhusela zasemva komongameli omtsha ngamaxesha onke, kwananjengokuba umongameli engena kwi Home emhlophe okwesihlandlo sokuqala. Isifungo somthetho sinwebela kwiyure zeposi ye-cerem, njengokuba umongameli kufuneka afunyanwe kwimigaqo yexesha likaxakeka, i-"metriackle" (ingxowa enekhowudi zokundulula) iyadluliswa, kwaye itsheyina yomyalelo iyaqinisekiswa.

Ukubaluleka Kokwakhiwa Kwegama Elingaqhelekanga Kulungiselelo Lobungozi

Ukulungiselela isifungo somongameli asikokwenza uqeqesho lobukhompuyutha kuphela, oku kukuphinda kuqinisekiswe ngemigaqo yedemokhrasi. Inyathelo ngalinye, ukusuka kutshintsho ukuya kukwenziwa kombhalo othe ngqo, ligxininisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwamandla eUnited States kusekelwe kulawulo kwaye kuseluxolweni, kwanakumaxesha ecandelo elinzulu lezobupolitika. Isibakala sokuba isifungo esifanayo siye sathatyathwa ngumongameli ngamnye kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama- 230, ngemimiselo emincinane kuphela yesithethe, sithetha ngozinzo loMgaqo-siseko.

Kubekho uphambuko oluphawulekayo kucwangciso oluqhelekileyo. Ngonyaka ka-1961, uAbraham Lincoln watyibilika eWashington kwangoko ngenxa yokubulawa kwabantu, kwaye ukunikezelwa kwakhe kwabanjwa phantsi komkhosi omkhulu. Ngo 1945, uFranklin D. Roosevelt wanikezelwa ngegama lakhe lesine elidlula kumsitho olula kwiNdlu eWhite ngenxa yeMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngowe1965, emva kokubulawa kukaJohn F. Kennedy, uLydon B. Johnson wafunga ngoMkhosi we-Airpor Inye emva kweyure ezimbini emva kwesiganeko, nohlanga olukhwankqiniswe yi-ok, u-ok Obama wathatha isifungo ngoJanuwari 20 ngokucwangciiii, kodwa uMphathi John Roberts waphosa igama kwisifungo; umbhiyolo ophindiweyo ngemini elandelayo ukuze aqinisekise umgangatho wobugqhinga.

Namhlanje, inkqubo yokulungiselela ibhalwe ngamaqumrhu amaninzi: iJCCIC, iNkonzo yeShumi, uVimba lweSizwe, kunye neWhite House Historical Association zonke zivelisa iingxelo ezineenkcukacha. Ucwangciso lokunikezelwa okulandelayo luqala phantse kanye xa kuthe kwaphela, kuba umatshini karhulumente kufuneka usoloko ukulungele ukudlulisela umbane ocetyiweyo okanye ocetywe ngexesha likaxakeka.

Abo bafuna ukuqonda okunzulu ngendlela esifungo esidibana ngayo nomgaqo-siseko obanzi, [[FLT] iphepha lendlu emhlophe linikela umongo malunga nemisebenzi yomgaqo-siseko womongameli. U.S. urhulumente osemthethweni olungiselela ukunikezela ulwazi olukhoyo. unika iinkcukacha ezisebenzisekayo kubemi abakhoyo okanye ababukeli.

Ekuqukumbeleni, ukulungiselela isifungo somongameli kungaphezulu kakhulu kunesithethe esiqhelekileyo. Yinkqubo entsonkothileyo yomthetho-siseko, ukudibana kombutho, ukhuseleko olunzulu, kunye nokubonakaliswa okunzulu komfuziselo. Amathuba ambalwa esifungo amela incopho yomsebenzi obalulekileyo, obandakanya amawaka abantu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukudluliswa koxolo kwegunya ledemokhrasi yamaMelika.