Ukumangalelana kusisenzo esisesikweni esimisela umatshini wetyala uqhubekeka. Simela ukutshintshwa ukusuka kwingxoxo okanye isikhalazo ukuya kulwahlulo olucwangcisiweyo, ukudityaniswa kwetyala. Kumntu ongaqalwanga, indlela esuka kwisikhalazo esigxinayo ukuya kumgwebo wokugqibela inokuvakala njengendlela yokuqhuba i-synthrynth ngaphandle kwemaphu. Esi sikhokelo sinika ucaphulo olucacileyo, olucwangcisiweyo lwemigaqo eyenzekayo emva kokuba ityala lingenisiwe kwinkqubo yenkundla, ichaza amalungelo, iimbopheleleko, kunye nokuqwalasela okufanelekileyo kwabo bonke ababandakanyekileyo.

IGenesis Yomthetho: Ukusuka Kwisikhalazo Ukuya Kwinkonzo

Uhambo lwetyala lasekuhlaleni luqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba ijaji okanye abachopheli-tyala beve impikiswano yokuqala. Amanyathelo okuqala abhaliweyo enzelwe ukwazisa iqela elichasayo ngokusesikweni ngezityholo ezinxamnye nalo nokumisela igunya lenkundla kulo mba.

Ukuphosa Nokuphelisa Izikhalazo

Isikhalazo sixwebhu esisisiseko salo naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho. Sichaza ingcaciso echaphazelekayo esemthethweni, isiseko esiyinyaniso sezo mba, kunye nentelekelelo efunekayo, esenokuba ngumonakalo wemali, isiqabuliso esidaliweyo, okanye umgwebo wokurhoxa. Phantsi kwemithetho ye-Federal yeProcedure (FRCP), isikhalazo kufuneka sibe "inkcazelo emfutshane necacileyo ebonisa ukuba ummangalelwa unelungelo lokufumana uncedo." Lo mgangatho, umiselwe ziimeko ezifana . [2] IFLT]

Xa sele ibhalisiwe, isikhalazo sifakwa kumphathi wenkundla ofanelekileyo, ekhatshwa ngumrhumo wefashoni. Umlahli-mvume kufuneka akhethe indawo efanelekileyo kwaye aqinisekise ukuba inkundla inegunya eliphantsi komntu (amandla okuva olu hlobo lombandela) kunye negunya lobuqu (amandla phezu kommangalelwa). Le ngxelo yokuqala iqalisa ngokusemthethweni isenzo kwaye iqalisa iwotshi yeprocedal.

Isalathisi neNkonzo yoMsebenzi

Ukusidlulisa kuphela isikhalazo akwanele ukubopha ummangalelwa. Ummangalelwa kufuneka azise ummangalelwa ngokusemthethweni nge "inkqubela yenkqubo," ebandakanya ukuhambisa ikopi yesikhalazo kunye nezicelo. Isicelo luxwebhu lwenkundla oluyalela ummangalelwa ukuba avele aze aphendule kwisakhelo sexesha elikhankanyiweyo, ngokokuqala 21 ukuya kumashumi amathathu eentsuku kuxhomekeke kulawulo.

Inkonzo efanelekileyo yinkqubo efunekayo yomgaqo-siseko. Imithetho ilawula indlela echanekileyo enokwenziwa ngayo, nokuba ngonikezelo lobuqu, ishiyelwe ngomntu ofanelekileyo kwindlu yommangalelwa, okanye idluliselwe kumphathi onegunya. Kwezinye iimeko, inkonzo ngeposi okanye impapasho ivumelekile ukuba ummangalelwa akanakufumaneka. Ukungaphumeleli ukuphumeza inkonzo efanelekileyo kungenza ukuba ugxothwe okanye ugwebo olungagqibekanga lungarhoxi. FRCP Umthetho 4 unika imigaqo ecacileyo kwinkqubo yokumema kunye nenkonzo yenkqubo ye-.

Impendulo yefestile yomkhuseli

Xa enikezelwe, ummangalelwa kufuneka agqibe ngokukhawuleza ukuba uza kuthini. Iindlela eziphambili zokuphendula zezi:

  • Ifayile Impendulo: Ummangalelwa uyavuma okanye uyasikhanyela isityholo ngasinye ekumangaleleni kwaye uqinisekisa ukuba uyavuma, njengomthetho wesithintelo okanye ukungakhathali.
  • Imposiso yokurhoxa: Endaweni yokuphendula, ummangalelwa angakucel ’ umngeni ukudinwa okusemthethweni kwesikhalazo. Intshukumo phantsi koMthetho 12(b) (6) iphikisa ukuba nokuba yonke into umcuphi athi inyani, umthetho awuniki cebo. Ezinye iindawo zokugxothwa ziquka ukunqongophala kolawulo lobuqu okanye indawo engafanelekanga.
  • Funa Ugwebo olungagqibekanga: Ukuba ummangalelwa akasaphenduli konke konke, ummangalelwa angacela inkundla ukuba ingene kumgwebo ongagqibekanga, iphumelele ngokunempumelelo ityala ngaphandle kokuvavanywa ngenxa yokungathabathi nxaxheba kommangalelwa.

Ukhetho olucwangcisiweyo phakathi kokucwangcisa impendulo okanye ukunduluka kungachaphazela kakhulu ixesha eliphakathi kunye nexabiso lelitha.

Iphulo Lokufumanisa: Ukuvumbulula Iinyaniso

Ukufumanisa okusoloko kulelona candelo likhulu nelibiza imali eninzi lokuchana kwemibutho. Yinkqubo eqhelekileyo apho umbutho ngamnye eqokelela ubungqina obuvela kwelinye icala nakwelesithathu. Injongo kukuphelisa izinto ezimangalisayo xa kuvavanywa, ukucacisa impikiswano, nokukhuthaza ukuhlaziywa okusekelwe ekuqondeni ngokupheleleyo kobungqina.

Umlinganiselo Nemida Yokufumanisa

Ukufunyaniswa kwale ngxaki kulawulwa ngumgaqo wobuncede. Umthetho 26(b) uvumela ukufunyanwa "kwento engenalungelo enxulumene nento ethethwa ngumntu okanye ukhuseleko kunye nokulingana neemfuno zemeko." uphuhliso luqwalasela ukubaluleka kwemiba exhotyisweyo, umlinganiselo ekuxambuliseni, ubuncwane bamaqela, kunye nomthwalo wokufumana into ecetyisiweyo. Iinkundla ziyakwazi ukufumanisa ukuthintela ukuxhatshazwa, njengokuthiswa kwemibutho efana ne "ukuloba iitrans" enzelwe ukunyanzela ukuphembelela abachasayo.

Imithetho eManyeneyo yePhondo yaBami malunga nokufunyanwa ifuna amaqela ukuze enze utyhilo lokuqala ngaphandle kokulinda isicelo sokufumana, ngokuzenzekelayo anike amangqina angundoqo, amaxwebhu, kunye nezibalo zomonakalo. Le ngxoxo yangaphambili yenzelwe ukudibanisa yonke inkqubo.

Ukungenelela Nezicelo Zokuvunyelwa

Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezimbini kwisixhobo seligator zizicelo ezibhaliweyo zokufumana. [[FLT: 0] yimibuzo ebhaliweyo ethunyelwa liqela elinye kwenye, emele iphendulwe phantsi kwesifungo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwientsuku ezingama-30. Phantsi kweFRCP 33, iqela libekelwe umda kwizicelo ezingama-25, kuquka iinxenye ezisezantsi, ngaphandle kokuba inkundla ivumele okuninzi. Le mibuzo ingaphanda ngesiseko senyaniso sengxelo, amangqina, kwaye itshixe kwindidi yeziganeko zeqela.

Izicelo zeRFAss (RFAS) zenzelwe ukuxinanisa iimbambano zokuvavanywa. Bacela iqela ukuba livume okanye likhanyele iingxelo ezithile zenyaniso okanye ubunyani bamaxwebhu. Ukuba iqela liyayikhaba iRFA kwaye iqela elicelayo kamva lingqina ukuba isibakala ekulingweni, iqela elikhanyelayo lingayalelwa ukuhlawula iindleko zeqela elicelayo zobungqina.

Iinguqu: Ubungqina Obungacacanga Phantsi Kwengcinezelo

Imithetho isemthethweni, amangqina okanye amaqela aphilayo, aqhutyelwa phantsi kwesifungo nokukhutshelwa phantsi kwengxelo yenkundla. Ngokungafaniyo nokufunyanwa okubhaliweyo, amagqwetha avumela ukubuza imibuzo elandelayo, ukuvavanya indlela aba bungqina abaziphatha ngayo nabathembekileyo, kunye "iqhina eliphakathi" nobungqina obunokusetyenziswa ukurhoxa ubungqina kamva ukuba bayabungqina ngokwahlukileyo ekucinyweni.

Ukulungiselela ukufakwa kwemali kubalulekileyo. Ingqina kufuneka lihlole amaxwebhu anxulumeneyo lize liqonde imithetho yokunikela ubungqina, enjengokuphulaphula ngenyameko umbuzo nokuphendula umbuzo obuzwayo kuphela. Kumagqwetha, ukuthatha ingeniso lithuba eliyintloko lokuvavanya indlela ubungqina obuza kusebenza ngayo phambi kwenkundla yabachopheli-tyala. Ubuchule bokulungisa imibuzo ecacileyo, esebenzayo nokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwiimpendulo ezingalindelekileyo luphawu lokuqhelisela ukuphengulula ngobuchule.

Izicelo zemveliso neNkcubeko

Kule thuba langoku, uninzi lobungqina luyimivo. Isicelo semveliso (RFPs) sinyanzela iqela ukuba livelise amaxwebhu, iirekhodi, kunye nolwazi olugcinwe ngekhompyutha (ESI) ukuze lihlolwe kwaye likhuphelwe. Unyuko lwe e-fire iinformations, ifuna amaqela ukuphatha iimitha ezinkulu zee-imeyili, ii-database, kunye neefayile zamanani.

I-e-firective ibandakanya iprotocol ezithile zogcino, ukuqokelelwa, ukuphengulula, kunye nokuhlola. Iintlanganiso zisoloko zithetha "ngeendlela zokufuna" ukuchaza i-ESI efanelekileyo. Indleko ye- e- e- conetic ingamangalisa, kwaye ityala libeka imisebenzi engqongqo kumaqela ukugcina i-ESI ekha yalula ilindelwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukonakalisa kobungqina obunxulumeneyo //ukutshatyalaliswa kweziphumo eziqatha, kuquka imiyalelo engalunganga yejaji okanye ukugxothwa kwemiqathango.

Ukufunyaniswa Kochwepheshe

Xa ityala libandakanya ubugcisa okanye iingxelo zenzululwazi, amangqina adlala indima ebalulekileyo. Le nkqubo yokufumana iquka ukutshintshisana ngengxelo yokuba iinkcukacha zeembono zochwepheshe, ugcino-lwazi olusekelwe kwezo mbono, kunye neemfaneleko zochwepheshe. Kwinkundla zequmrhu, i-Daubert[ imigangatho efuna abagwebi ukuba basebenze njengabagcini-sango, beqinisekisa ukuba ubungqina obungoonobuchule bufanelekile kwaye bunokuthenjwa ngaphambi kokuba bunikwe inkundla yetyala. Ukufunyanwa kwetyala kudla ngokubangela ukukhuphisana okuthelelwa kakhulu kwiimfazwe zenkcubeko yendlela yolwazi.

Intshukumo neNgqungquthela zangaphambili

Phambi kokuba ityala lifike enkundlani, ungquzulwano olusemthethweni lusoloko luqhubeka ngemisinga yangaphambi kwetyala. Le miqathango ifuna ukubumba ubungqina, ichaze imida esemthethweni, okanye isombulule ityala ngokungqalileyo.

Intshukumo yomgwebo wesishwankathelo

Mhlawumbi eyona ntshukumo ibalulekileyo yangaphambili yovavanyo yi Motion yeSishwankathelo somgwebo. Phantsi kweFRCP 56, iqela linelungelo lokushwankathela ugwebo ukuba "akukho mpikiswano yokwenene ngento ephathekayo kwaye imovant inelungelo lomgwebo njengomba womthetho. Le ntshukumo icela inkundla ukusombulula ityala elisekelwe kwizibakala ezingenakukhanyelwa ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuvavanywa.

Ukuba iqela elishukumisayo libonisa ukuba izibakala ezingundoqo aziphikisani, nokuba umthetho uxhasa icala elinye ngokucacileyo, inkundla iya kufumana umgwebo. Noko ke, ukuba kukho impikiswano yokwenene ngesibakala esinokuthi sichaphazele iziphumo, ityala kufuneka liqhubeke livavanywa kwijaji okanye ijaji ukuze licombulule loo mpikiswano. Isishwankathelo somgwebo sisixhobo esithandwayo ngabamangalelwa abafuna ukulahla iingxelo ezibuthathaka kwangoko, kwaye ngabagwebi abakholelwayo kububungqina baxhasa ngokugqwesileyo ityala labo.

Intshukumo kwi Limine

Njengoko kuvavanywa, amaqela afayile ama-Moodition kwi Limine ukufumana imithetho ekungagqibeki kobungqina obubodwa phambi kokuba inikwe abachopheli. Ezi ntshukumo zisetyenziselwa ukungafaki isalatha, ukungasebenzi, okanye ngenye indlela engagqibekiyo. Umzekelo, umkhandi uzakufaka intshukumo yokukhupha ubungqina besakhelo sangaphambili, okanye ummangalelwa angafuna ukukhupha imifanekiso ecacileyo ekwindawo efihlakeleyo kune-probita. Ukufumana ulawulo olulungileyo kwintshukumo ekwilimine kungenza ingxelo evakalayo.

IiNkomfa zangaphambili kunye noLungiselelo loLuntu

Iinkundla zilawula amadokisi azo ngokukhutheleyo kwiingqungquthela zangaphambi kwetyala. Ingqungquthela yokuqala emisela ixesha lokufumana nokuthatha iintshukumo. Ingqungquthela yokugqibela yangaphambi kwetyala, ebanjelwe kancinane phambi kokuvavanywa, isetyenziselwa ukuxubusha imiyalelo yabachopheli-tyala, ucwangciso lokuvavanya, kunye nobungqina obuza kunikelwa. Isiphumo si I-Priverligial Order[, elawula ikhondo lokuvavanywa kwetyala kwaye ngokufuthi iquka uluhlu lwamangqina, uluhlu olukhankanyiweyo, kunye noluhlu lwemiboniso. Ezi nkombutho zisebenza ngokusemthethweni kwimicimbiso yazo kwaye zisebenza njengethuba lokugqibela lokulungisa.

Ityala: Usuku Enkundleni

Kubantu abaninzi abakwilitigasi, ukuvavanywa kuyindlela echaza ngayo imeko. Ngoxa uninzi lwamatyala asekuhlaleni luzinzile ngaphambi kokuvavanywa kwetyala, lawo aya kumatyala alandela ingcaciso enziwe ngendlela elungeleleneyo eyenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ityala liyisombululo esifanelekileyo.

Ukukhetha I Jury Nohlobo Oluphezulu

Ukuba iqela liye lafuna ityala labachopheli-tyala, inkqubo iqala nge- ihlasimlis'', ukukhethwa kwe-avarethi. I-Attorney kunye nejaji ebuza ukuba ngabalawuli bejaji bangafumana iimbono eziza kubathintela ekukhetheni. Ii-autney zingabetha izijungqu "ngesizathu" ukuba ikhethe licacile, kwaye zinamanani alinganiselweyo "ocelomngeni" lokugxotha abacholi-jurs ngaphandle kokuchaza isizathu (kukokuba ezi zinto zingenakusekelwe kuhlanga okanye ubufana). Injongo kukubeka i-stellarver elungileyo, ekwaziyo ukuqonda ubungqina.

Ukuvula iNgxelo

Xa igqibile ukuchophela amatyala, icala ngalinye likhupha umba wentetho evulayo. Le asiyompikiswano; yimephu ecacileyo, ecacileyo, ecacileyo yoko ubungqina buzakubonisa. Ingxelo yokuvula esebenzayo ithetha ibali elinyanzelisayo, ichaza amangqina angundoqo namaxwebhu, kwaye ifaka amaxwebhu aphambili. Lithuba lokuqala nelilungileyo lokufumana ingqwalasela yejaji nokuseka isibonisi sonxibelelwano esiza kujongwa ngaso.

Ityala: Ubungqina namaNgqina

Ubungqina buqhubeka ngokuvavanywa ngokunikela ubungqina:

  • [[Uvavanyo: 0] Uvavanyo: Iqela elibiza ingqina libuza imibuzo evulwayo yokukhupha ibali lobungqina kunye nokwazisa amaxwebhu axhasayo.
  • [[NTL:0] Uhlolo lweCross: Igqwetha elichasayo linikwe isibanzi esibanzi ukubuza imibuzo ekhokelela ekucel ’ umngeni ukuthembeka kwamaNgqina, ukuvavanya ukuguquguquka kwawo, okanye ukubhenca ukungangqini kwawo. Uvavanyo lonqamlezo lusoloko lubizwa ngokuba yi-"injini enkulu yakha yenzelwa ukufunyanwa kwenyaniso."
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukwalathisa kunye nokuqulunqa: Umnxeba unethuba lokucacisa imicimbi ephakanyiswa kumnqamlezo, kwaye umphikisi angathetha ngayo nayiphi na imicimbi emitsha esuka ekundululeni kwakhona.

Emva kokuba ummangalelwa ehleli kwityala lakhe, angashukuma ngenxa "yesigqibo esilathisiweyo" (Isigqibo esinguMda woMthetho), ephikisa ngelithi ummangalelwa akabunikelanga ubungqina obaneleyo ukuxhasa intengo yabo. Ukuba esi sinyathelo sikhatyiwe, ummangalelwa uchaza imeko yakhe ngokulandela isakhiwo esinye.

Impikiswano Zokuvala

Emva kokuba bonke ubungqina bunikeziwe, amagqwetha enza iimpikiswano ezinika ingxelo. Eli lidabi lokugqibela lokubalisela. Icala ngalinye lishwankathela ubungqina, libalaselisa amandla etyala lawo, kwaye libonisa ubuthathaka kwimeko yotshaba. Isalathisi siphikisa isizathu sokuba ukubekwa phambili kobungqina kuyabavumela; ummangalelwa uphikisa isizathu sokuba ubungqina bufinyele okanye kubaluleke. Iingxoxo zizakushwankathela igxamsa igxam.

Imiyalelo yengoma kunye nonikezelo

Phambi kokuba abachopheli-tyala bathathe umhlala-phantsi, ijaji ifunda imiyalelo ye- (okanye "unyuselo"). Le miyalelo icacisa umthetho omele usetyenziswe kwizibakala. Bachaza iziqalelo zezimvo nezikhuselo, umgangatho wobungqina ("ukugxininisa ubungqina" kumatyala amaninzi asekuhlaleni), kunye nemithetho yokuvavanya ukuthembeka kwabemi. Abachopheli bejaji bawunyulela ekusithekeni, benyulela umphathi-ntloko-ntloko kwaye baxubushe ubungqina de bafikelele isigqibo esiphikisanayo (kwimicimbi yoluntu) okanye isigqibo esisekelwe kwivoti yoninzi (kwinkundla ezininzi zikarhulumente).

ISeva yesiGqibo

Ijaji ibuyela kwinkundla yetyala ize ivakalise isigqibo sayo. Isigqibo singasisigqibo esiqhelekileyo (ukuchaza nje ukuba ngubani ophumeleleyo kunye nobungakanani bomonakalo) okanye isigqibo esikhethekileyo (ukuphendula imibuzo engobungqina obucacileyo edluliselwe yijaji). Xa isigqibo sifundwa, amaqela angacela ijaji ukuba "ingqungquthela" iqinisekise ijaji ngalinye. Inkundla ingena kwisigqibo judment[ esisekelwe kwisigqibo, esibumba isigqibo sokugqibela, esisibophelele senkundla.

Intshukumo-yokuposa kunye neNkqubo yokuLawula

Isiphelo setyala asisoloko siphawula isiphelo somtya. Iqela eliphulukana naso linelungelo lokuvavanya iziphumo ngentshukumo zasemva kovavanyo okanye isibheno.

Ukuvavanya Isigwebo Senkundla Yetyala

Phambi kokuphethukela kwinkundla ephakamileyo, iqela elidakumbileyo lingathumela izithuba licela ijaji echongiweyo ukuba ibhukuqe okanye iguqule umgwebo. Iintshukumo ezingundoqo zasemva kwetyala ziquka:

  • I-Motion yomgwebo njengoMcimbi woMthetho (JMOL / "Umvana Nasiphina isigwebo"): Iqela elishukumisayo liphikisa ukuba ubungqina babubodwa ukuba akukho bagwebi abafanelekileyo abanokufikelela kwisigqibo esenziweyo. Lo ngumgca ophezulu onokuhlangatyezwana.
  • Imposiso yetyala elitsha: Lentshukumo iphikisa ukuba impazamo esemthethweni (njengemiyalelo yabachopheli-tyala ephosakeleyo okanye ukwamkela okungafanelekanga kobungqina) yahlutha iqela elishukumisayo lokuvavanywa ngokusesikweni, okanye ukuba umonakalo onikiweyo ugqithisele kakhulu okanye awunelenga.
  • Isigqibo sokuManyana umgwebo. sisetyenziselwa ukulungisa iimpazamo zabefundisi okanye ukucela inkundla ukuba iphinde iqwalasele imithetho yayo esemthethweni.

Isibheno Sokuyisa Kwinkundla Ephakamileyo

Ukuba inyathelo lasemva kovavanyo alivunywa, iqela eliphulukana nalo lingafaka i Nothice of Application kwinkundla ephakamileyo, njengeNkundla yeQumrhu yezibheno okanye inkundla yephondo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba isibheno asilotyala elitsha [. Inkundla ye-appellete ayibuphulanga ubungqina obutsha okanye ubungqina bengxelo yephondo. Endaweni yoko, ihlola ingxelo ebhaliweyo ``izigwebo, izibongozo, kunye nokubonisa iziboniso zetyala] ukuba ityala lenze impazamo esemthethweni echaphaza iziphumo.

Amaqela afaka iinkcukacha ezibhaliweyo ezishwankathelweyo eziphikisa isizathu sokuba inkundla yetyala ilungile okanye iphosakele. Umgangatho wohlolo uyahluka-hluka ngomba. Kwiimeko ezininzi, inkundla ye-appelllate iza kucwangcisa ''entsha], ngoxa iimfuno ezikhoyo ziphinda zihlolwa "imposiso ecacileyo" izigqibo zobukrelekrele, njengemimiselo ecacileyo, zibuye zibuye zihlolwe "kusetyenziswa kobulumko". Kwiimeko ezininzi, inkundla ye-appellate iza kucwangcisa ral Conction

Inkqubo ye-appellate yesizwe yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukudibana nokulunga ekusetyenzisweni komthetho. Inkundla yezakhono ingasiqinisekisa isigqibo, iguqule isigqibo, okanye iphinde iphinde iphinde iphindise ityala emva kwinkundla evavanyiweyo ukwenzela ukuqhubekeka kwemicimbi ehambelanayo noluvo lwayo.

Ukuphela Komgwebo

Ukuba izibheno zigqityiwe okanye ziphelisiwe, umgwebo uba ngummiselo. Iqela elilawulayo kufuneka libuyele kubuchule bokwenza ukuqokelela nayiphi na ibhaso lemali. Oku kungabandakanya umvuzo onika umqanawa, ukubeka iimasti kwipropati, okanye ukuthatha iityala zebhanki. Ukuba iqela eliphulukana neqela likwindawo enyibilikayo okanye engalungiswanga, kwanomgwebo onzima ungangqineka kunzima ukuqokelela u-$a inyani esebenzayo elungisa incoko yababini ukususela ekuqaleni kwemeko.

Isiphelo: Ukuvelisa iProcedal Labyrinth

Inkqubo yoqikelelo loluntu lulandelelwano olucwangcisiweyo lwenkqubo elungiselelwe ukuguqula iimpikiswano ezingalungiswanga zibe zizigqibo ezibophekayo ezisemthethweni. Ukusuka kwisakhelo sokuqala sokukhalaza ngokufumana izinto ezintsonkothileyo, idrame yokuvavanya, kunye nohlalutyo olungqongqo lwesibheno, inyathelo ngalinye lisebenzisa usukelo olugqithisileyo lokufikelela kwisiphumo esisesikweni nesisekelwe kumthetho. Ukuqonda le nkqubo system, "" nesona sibalulekileyo kulo naliphi iqela elibandakanye nelona liqulukileyo. Ngesiluleko esifanelekileyo kunye necebo elicacileyo, eli procedrualvation liyakwazi ukulawulwa, ukuba luhambo olunocelomngeni, oluya kumgaqo.