Inkqubo yokhetho yeyokulawula isiseko solawulo-lwazi olulawulayo, ukuguqula ukuthanda kwabantu ukuba balawule. Yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, elungiselweyo eqinisekisa abemi ukuba bathethe ngokuthe ngqo ukuba bakhokela njani nendlela inkqubo kawonke-wonke ebunjwe ngayo. Ngelixesha imigaqo ekhethekileyo yolwakhiwo negunya, imigaqo ephantsi yedemokhrasi, ukujija, ukucaca, nokukhusela /ukuhlala jikelele. Le nkqubo ingulo ibangela ukuba uqonde inyathelo ngalinye lale nkqubo, ukusuka kwinyathelo lokuqala lokubhalisa iziphumo zokugqibela, ibalulekile ekuthatheleni inxaxheba. Xa ufaka ibhola, awubonisi nje iphepha; unegalelo kwisigqibo esichaphazela ubomi boluntu kunye nelizwe lakho. Le ngxelo inikela ukuvavanywa kwendlela yokuzichaza iziphumo zakho, indlela ecacileyo yelungu ngalinye lelungu lenjongo yokuzibopha naxa usebenza ngayo.

Ubhaliso Lomsila: Inyathelo Lokuqala Kwibhokisi Yebhola

Yinkqubo esesikweni apho abemi babhalisa khona ukuba bafaneleke ukuvota. Isebenza njengomgcini wesango, iqinisekisa ukuba ngabantu abafanelekayo kuphela abathatha inxaxheba kunyulo. Ngoxa iimfuno ezichanekileyo zahluka ehlabathini lonke, injongo engundoqo kukugcina umqulu ochanileyo nowexesha lokuvota othintela ubuqhophololo nokuqinisekisa ulawulo olufanelekileyo lonyulo.

Isizathu Sokuba Ubhaliso Lubaluleke

Ubhaliso asiyoteyipu ebomvu nje yolawulo. Lukhuselo olubalulekileyo oluphumeza iinjongo ezininzi:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala kobunyani: ubhaliso luvumela amagosa onyulo ukuba aqinisekise ukuba umntu uhlangabezana nobudala, indawo yokuhlala, kunye neemfuno zobumi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Uthintelo lweFraud: Uluhlu oluqinisekisiweyo lunciphisa ubungozi bokuphinda uvote okanye ukuvota okungamkelekiyo.
  • Imvelaphi ye-Altation: Ukwazi ukuba bangaphi abavoti kwiqonga ngalinye abanceda amagosa ahlule iindawo zokuvota, oomatshini, kunye nabasebenzi ngokunempumelelo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ivota Ungeniso: Abavoti ababhalisweyo bangafumana iimsampuli zebhola, uhlaziyo lwendawo, kunye nezaziso zonyulo ezibalulekileyo.

Iindlela zobhaliso kunye nemithetho efileyo

Amazwe asebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubhalisa. Amanye asebenzisa ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo (AVR), apho abemi abafanelekileyo babhaliswa khona xa besebenzisana namaqumrhu karhulumente njenge-DMV okanye iinkonzo zentlalo. Amanye axhomekeke kubhaliso lokuzithandela, olunxulumene nabemi. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • Ubhaliso : Amalungelo amaninzi ngoku avumela ubhaliso lugqithe kwii- web ezikhuselekileyo, ngokufuthi kufuna inombolo ye-ID ekhutshiweyo yesizwe kunye notyikityo lwamanani. Umzekelo, iU.S. inikezela ngobhaliso lwe-line. oluvotiweyo [ kwiinkqubo ze-CM] zesizwe.
  • Iposi- Impinda: Iifomu zephepha ziyafumaneka kumathala eencwadi, kwii-ofisi zeposi, nakwii-ofisi zonyulo, kwaye zingabuyiselwa ngeposi okanye ngomntu.
  • Kwi-Pernon Recouncision: Ubhaliso-suku olufanayo lunikezelwa kumazwe amaninzi, ukuvumela abavoti ukuba babhalise kwaye bavote ngoSuku loNnyulo. Oku kunceda kwandisa inxaxheba kodwa kufuna ucwangciso olulunonophelo.

Imigca efileyo ibalulekile. Amanye amazwe afuna ukubhaliswa kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi konyulo, ngoxa amanye evumela ukuba kufike kuSuku Lokhetho. Ukungalufumani ixesha elipheleleyo kuthetha ukuba uvoti yakho ayinakubalwa, ngoko kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imithetho yasekuhlaleni kusengaphambili.

Incopho yonyuso: Indlela eya kwi Balot

Xa umvoti eqengqeleka, isigaba esilandelayo sithatha umtyunjwa. Eli nyathelo limisela ukuba ngoobani abaza kuvela kwibhola njengoomeli bamaqela ezobupolitika okanye njengabameli abazimeleyo. Inkqubo yokuchola inokuba nokhuphiswano oluphezulu kwaye ibumbe abavoti ekugqibeleni.

Ukhetho Oluphambili Nezicwangciso

Kumazwe amaninzi, amaqela ezobupolitika asebenzisa unyulo oluphambili okanye ii-coucs ukukhetha abatsha abatsha abatsha abasemthethweni. Unyulo oluphambili lukunyulo olucacileyo apho amalungu eqela avotela khona i-nominee athanda ukuvota. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-caucus yintlanganiso yasekuhlaleni apho abathathi-nxaxheba baxubusha khona baze bavote, ngokufuthi ngokuphakamisa izandla okanye ngokuma ngamaqela. Zombini iindlela zenzelwe ukuvavanya inkxaso yengca nokuvelisa ummeli omnye wonyulo jikelele.

Imithetho iyahluka ngokweqela nezwe. Eminye iPrimrives “iyavalwa,” ithetha ukuba ngamalungu eqela abhalisiweyo kuphela angavota. Eminye “ivule,” ivumela iinkululeko okanye kwanamalungu elinye iqela ukuba abe nenxaxheba. Lo mahluko ungaphembelela ngokuphawulekayo ukuba ngabaphi abaza kuthabatha inxaxheba ngaphambili.

Iindibano Neentlanganiso Ezinentsingiselo

Ezinye iintlangano zezobupolitika, ingakumbi amaqela amancinane, zisebenzisa iindibano apho abameli becawa bahlanganisana ngokusemthethweni ukuze banconyelwe. Iindibano zeqela lesizwe eUnited States zizezona ziphambili ezibangela iziphumo eziphambili, zithabathe iqonga leqela, zize zakhe inkqubela kwiphulo lonyulo jikelele. Kwezinye iinkqubo, njengolawulo-melo lwepalamente, ukhokelo lwamaqela lungakhethwa ngaphakathi ngevoti okanye ngeenkomfa zamalungu.

I-ependent kunye neNtlanganiso yesithathu

Abangadibaniyo neqela elikhulu lezobupolitika bangafumana ivoti ngokufaka isicelo ngenani elifunekayo lotyikityo oluvela kubavoti ababhalisiweyo. Le nkqubo inokuba yeyona inzima, njengokuba imiqobo yokutyikitya iphezulu kwaye iphantsi kwemithetho engqongqo. Abathathi-nxaxheba banika abavoti ukhetho olongezelelekileyo kodwa kufuneka boyise imiqobo yequmrhu eyenzelwe ukunciphisa ukufikelela komgunyaziso.

Iphulo Lokhetho: Ukufikelela KwiCandelo

Ukuqhutyelwa kwephulo lixesha eliphezulu lokungabikho komsebenzi xa abatshayeli benxibelelana namaqonga abo, abachasi, kunye nabaxhasi abaququzelelayo. Kukudityaniswa kweqhinga, ukuthunyelelwa imiyalezo, kunye nezingca ezikhulayo ezicwangcisiweyo. Amaphulo anamhlanje axhomekeke kumxube wezixhobo zesithethe nezezigalo ukuncenga abavoti abangelwanga nto kwaye aqinise isiseko.

Amanyathelo Angundoqo Ephulo

  • Imiyalezo evelisweyo: Inkamzamso zisebenzisa ukuvota kunye nogcino-lwazi oluchaza ukusetyenziswa kwemiyalezo yenqwelo-moya enesandi namaqela athile amanani abantu. Umvotelwa angagxininisa inkqubo yezoqoqosho kwidolophu yokwenza izinto kunye nokhuseleko lwemekobume kwisithili sonxweme.
  • Grassroots Monillation: ukunkqonkqoza ngesango, ukutsala umnxeba, nokuthumela imiyalezo yefowuni ziyindlela eziqinisekisiweyo zokuguqula abaxhasi. Amavolontiya angundoqo kule migudu, kwaye amaphulo aphumelelayo achitha imali eninzi ekulungiseni intsimi.
  • [[NTL: 0] Izibhengezo zeDigital: Amaqonga onxibelelwano oluntu anjenge Facebook, Istagram, kunye no-We Tube uvumela ukujoliswa okuthe ngqo kwabavoti ngokweminyaka, indawo, izilangazelelo, kwanendlela yokuvota yangaphambili. Noko ke, amajelo amanani akwajongene nocelomngeni ngokungqonge imbali kunye nokukhanya.
  • [[NTLA: 0] Iziganeko zoluntu kunye neziganeko zikawonke-wonke: Iingxoxo ezinyuswe nge Telefoni zinika abavoti ithuba lokuthelekisa abatshayo ngamacala onke kwimibandela ebalulekileyo. Iiholo zedolophi kunye nezingqubano zinika intsebenziswano zobuqu ezingakumbi kwaye zivelisa intlukwano yejelo-lwazi.

Imali yeCandelo noMmiselo

Imali idlala indima ebalulekileyo kunyulo. Amaphulo achitha imali eninzi kwizibhengezo, abasebenzi, uhambo, kunye nogcino-lwazi. Amazwe amaninzi amisela imiqathango yomnikelo kwaye afuna ukutyhilwa kwabanikeli ukukhusela ukunganyaniseki okanye impembelelo engafanelekanga. EUnited States, iKhomishini yoPhuhliso loManyano (FEC) ukujonga imithetho yezemali, ngelixa amaqela angaphandle aziwa ngokuba zii-PACs enokuthi anyuse imali engenakulinganiswa ngqo nabatshatileyo. Ukuqonda ukuhanjiswa kwemali kunceda abavoti bahlole ukungqubana kwenzala.

Ukubhengezwa: UMthetho weCore Wolawulo-melo

Umculo ngulo mzuzu xa kubhalwa ilizwi lommi ngamnye obhalisiweyo. Iindlela zokuvota ziye zaguquka ngendlela ephawulekayo, zinenjongo yokulungelelanisa ufikelelo, ukhuseleko nempumelelo.

Ukudlala ngemini yokhetho

Iindawo zokukhetha zesithethe zivulekile ngomhla wokhetho ukwenzela inani elicwangcisiweyo leeyure. Iivota zijongwa ngokuchasene noluhlu lokubhalisela, zinikwe ibhola yokuvota, ze ziphonse ukhetho lwazo ```okanye ngokuphawula ibhola yephepha, ngokusebenzisa umatshini wokutsala ikhusi, okanye ukutsala isixhathiso, kuxhomekeke kulawulo. Iphepha linikeza ingxelo ephathekayo enokuqwalaselwa kamva, uphawu lokhuseleko olungundoqo.

Ukuthunyelwa Kwangaphambili Nokungasamkelwa

Ukuhlalisa ucwangciso oluxakekileyo nokuhlisa imigca ngoSuku Lokhetho, amagunya amaninzi anika uvotelo lwangaphambili iiveki phambi komhla osemthethweni. Uvota lwe-abrente, olukwabizwa ngokuba luvotelwa ngeposi, luvumela abavoti ukuba bafumane ibhola yokuvota ngeposi, bayizalise ekhaya, kwaye bayibuyise ngeposi okanye ngebhokisi yokulahla. Ulwandiso lweposi ngexesha lovota lwe-19 lubonise ixabiso layo, kodwa kwakhona lunyusa inkxalabo malunga nokusayinwa kotyiso kunye nokhuseleko lokhuseleko. Iinkqubo zaleekho zisebenzisa iikhowudi zokutyikitya, utyikityo, kunye nokuhambisa ii-portars zomkhondo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka.

Umbane nombane

Amanye amazwe aye azama ukusebenzisa i-Internet okanye oomatshini bokuvota nge-elektroniki. Ngokomzekelo, iEstonia, ivumela abemi bayo ukuba bavote kwi-intanethi besebenzisa ikhadi le-ID elikhuselekileyo. Ngoxa kufanelekile, ukuvota nge-intanethi kunyusa iingozi ezinzulu ze-intanethi, kuquka ukuqhekeza, ukubopha kunye nokunyanzela abavoti. Iingcali ezininzi zonyulo zincomela iibhola zonyulo njengemigangatho yegolide kuba zinokuqinisekiswa kwaye zicatshukiswe. Brenan Center yeJastial yeJaji inezibonelelo ezibanzi zokhuseleko lovota.

Ukubala nokuhamba-hamba

Xa uphando luthe lwaphela, umsebenzi wokubala uqala. Eli candelo kufuneka libe lichanekile, licace, liphinde liphicothe ukuqinisekisa uluntu ngeziphumo.

Iindlela zokubala

Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lubalwa ngokwenye yendlela ezimbini:

  • I- I-Tream Count: Abasebenzi bafunda iibhola zephepha neziphumo zoshicilelo. Le ndlela icotha kodwa ichane kakhulu xa yenziwe ngocoselelo. Isoloko isetyenziswa kwiingingqi ezincinci okanye kwiinjongo zokuphicotha.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imatshini zovavanyo ezingabonakaliyo: Ivoters phawula iibhola eziphephe ezifakwa kwiscan ezifunda izalathiso ze minitha. Le matshini ivelisa umzila wephepha onokuthi uphicothwe ukuba isiphumo sikufuphi okanye ukhuphiswano.
  • [[FLT: 0] Imatshini ezishicilelweyo ze- electronic (DRE): Oomatshini bekhusi elichukumisayo abagcina ivoti ngombane. Ngelixesha likhawulezayo, baye bagxekwa ngokungabina yindlela yokulungisa iphepha. Ngoku uninzi lwamazwe lufuna i DREE ukuvelisa ingxelo yephepha.

IMicimbi yeNkcubeko

Ukuqinisekisa ucoselelo, ulawulo oluninzi lwemithetho elawula uphicotho-zincwadi lwasemva kokhetho, apho isampuli engakhethiyo yeebhola zoluvo lwephepha ithelekiswa nesimbuku somatshini. Ukuba iimvo ezingafaniyo zifunyenwe, irejista epheleleyo ingayalelwa. Iingxelo zikwakheka ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba umda woloyiso mncinane kakhulu (ngokufuthi zingaphantsi kwe 0.5% okanye 1%). Ezi nkqubo zibalulekile ekuboneni iimpazamo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-malfeance.

Iziphumo Zobhengezo Nesiqinisekiso

Ukubhengeza iziphumo zonyulo akukhawulezi. Kubandakanya uthotho lwamanyathelo alungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ubalo nokucombulula naziphi na iimpikiswano phambi kokuba kuqinisekiswe iziqinisekiso zokugqibela.

Iziphumo ezisemthethweni zeprojekthi zothelekelelo lwamajelo eendaba

Imibutho yamaphephandaba idla ngokubalwa "kubiza” phambi kokuba zonke izivoti ziphinde zibonwe. Kodwa ezi ziphumo azigunyaziswanga. Iziphumo ezisemthethweni zivela kwiibhodi zonyulo, eziqhubeka zibala ukungabikho, ulungiselelo, kunye neevoti zaphesheya emva koSuku loNnyulo. Kubalulekile ukuba uwonke wonke aqonde ukuba ukhokelo lwangaphambili lungatshintsha njengoko amavoti amaninzi edityanisiwe.

Ukuqinisekisa nokuTshintsha

Phezulu ngasinye sidibanisa iziphumo zaso kwigunya elisembindini `njengesizwe okanye ibhodi yonyulo yephondo' ekhupha isiqinisekiso sokugqibela, esibophelelekileyo ngokusemthethweni. Iziphumo eziqinisekisiweyo zibangela ukuguquka kwegunya: amagosa anyuliweyo ayafungela, kwaye iinkokeli eziphumayo zinceda ulawulo loxolo. Kwinkqubo yomongameli njengeUnited States, iElectoral College ikhupha ngokusemthethweni amavoti ayo ngoDisemba, kwaye iBhunga libala amavoti anyuliweyo ngoJanuwari. [[FLT: 0] izibonelelo zogcino-Mali kazwelonke] zinika ulwazi olubanzi ngale nkqubo.

Ukucombulula Iingxabano Neengxaki

Ukuba umnyulo ukholelwa ukuba unyulo lonakaliswe luqhatho okanye yimpazamo, bangafaka ucelomngeni olusemthethweni. IiNkundla zihlola ubungqina kwaye zisenokuthetha ngomyalelo, ziphinde zihlole, okanye kwaneendlela ezintsha zonyulo. Ingqibelelo yejaji ibalulekile apha; iinkundla ezizimeleyo zixhasa umthetho zithintele izityholo ezingenasiseko ekubhukuqeni iziphumo ezisemthethweni. Amatyala aphezulu akutshanje eUnited States nakwezinye iindawo aye avavanya ezi nkqubo, igxininisa imfuneko yokwakhiwa kwemithetho eqinileyo.

Iinkqubo ze-Electoral: Indlela i Votes eziguqulela ngayo kwiiSeet

Indlela esetyenziswa ekuguquleni amavoti kwizihlalo zowiso-mthetho okanye izikhundla zegunya ezilawulayo ziyahluka-hluka ngokubanzi kwaye zinempembelelo enzulu. Ukuqonda inkqubo kwilizwe lakho kukunceda uqonde isizathu sokuba uvote uthwale ubunzima obuthile.

Udidi lweposi

Isetyenziswa e-U.S., e-UK, eK, eKhanada naseIndiya, iFPTP ithetha ukuba umvoti onenkoliso yamavoti kwindawo ephumelelayo/naxa bengafumani uninzi. Le nkqubo idla ngokuvelisa iinkqubo ezizinzileyo zecandelo lesibini kodwa ingashiya abavoti abaninzi beziva bengasikho ukuba iqela labo elikhethekileyo liyalahlekelwa rhoqo.

Umelo loPhicotho-zincwadi

Kwisixokelelwano sePR, amaqela afumana izihlalo ngokuhambelana nolwabelo lwawo lwevoti iyonke. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba amaqela amancinane neembono ezahlukeneyo zimelwe, kodwa zingakhokelela koorhulumente abamanyeneyo nokwenza izigqibo ezicothayo. Amazwe afana neJamani, New Zealand, noMzantsi Afrika asebenzisa iintlobo zePR.

RCV

Kwakhona yaziwa njengovota ngokukhawulezileyo, i-RCV ivumela abavoti ukuba babeke abathathi-nxaxheba ngokwendlela yokukhetha. Ukuba akukho mvoti ufumana uninzi lwevoti yokuqala yechookice, umvoti wokugqibela ukhutshwe, kwaye iivoti zabo zitshintshelwa kolunye ukhetho. Le nkqubo iyaphinda de kuphumeze umphumelele. RCV ikhuthaza ukuba iphulo elifanelekileyo lixhaswe kwaye inkxaso ebanzi. Izixeko ezininzi ze-U.S. ziquka iSan Francisco neNew York, zisebenzisele unyulo lwe-RCV.

Iingxaki Notshintsho Olukhoyo Namhlanje

Akukho nkqubo yokhetho ifezekileyo. Iingxoxo zeContemporary zisekelwe ekufikeleleni kovoti, ukhuseleko, nokusesikweni.

  • [[FLT: 0] I-Voter Justice: Imithetho eyenza kube nzima ukuvota, njengemfuno ze-ID ezingqongqo, ukukhutshwa kweroli, nokuncitshiswa kovota kwangoko, ngokugqithisileyo ichaphazela inani elincinane, ingeniso ephantsi, kunye nabavoti abaselula.
  • [[FLT: 0] Phezulu elilawulayo: ukubeka imida yesithili ukuxhasa iqela elinye. Ikhomishini yokulungisa imo ye-office contificing ijolise ukwenza imimandla entle ebonisa uluntu.
  • Imistformation: izibhengezo zobuxoki ngonyulo zinciphisa ukuthembana. Iinkqubo zenyaniso ezikhangela iintsomi, kodwa ingxaki iyaqhubeka.
  • [[NTLA: 0] Isoyikiso sobungcali[[FL:1]: ukungenelela kwamanye amazwe, ukuhlasela kwentengiso kwiisiseko sogcino-lwazi zabavoti, kunye namaphulo okurhoxa kolwazi afuna ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kumagosa onyulo kunye nokugcinwa komthetho.

Imigudu yotshintsho ijolise kukwenza unyulo oluqulethwe kakhulu nolukhuselekileyo. Ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo lwevoti, uvoto olunwenwelelweyo, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni okuzimeleyo, kunye nophicotho-zincwadi lwephepha olunyanzelekileyo luphakathi kwezona zicetyisiweyo zixhasiweyo ngokubanzi. Iziko lophando lwePew lupapasha rhoqo ugcino-lwazi ngesimo sovota kunye nengqibelelo yokhetho.

Indima Yakho Kwinkqubo Entle

Ulwazi linyathelo lokuqala, kodwa inyathelo liyimfuneko. Ukuqinisekisa amanani akho okuvota, kufuneka:

  1. Bhalisa kakuhle ngaphambi kwexesha eligqityiweyo, uze uhlaziye ubhaliso lwakho ukuba uyafuduka okanye uyalitshintsha igama lakho.
  2. Funda ngemibandela nangeziqu ezingezizo, funda imithombo engajongwanga, uye kwimibutho yokulungiselela iphulo, kunye nezixhobo zokubuza.
  3. Yenza icebo lokuvota. Khetha ukuba uza kuvota kusemgceni, ngeposi, okanye ngoSuku Lokhetho. Yazi indawo ekuyo indawo ovota kuyo neeyure oya kuzivota kuzo.
  4. Ukukhuthaza abanye ukuba babe nenxaxheba, ulawulo-melo luba namandla ngakumbi xa kuvakala amazwi amaninzi.

Umjikelo wonyulo ngamnye, izigidi zabavoti zisebenzisa ilungelo lazo elisisiseko. Ngokuqonda umatshini ontsonkothileyo osemva kwesenzo esilula `ukusuka kubhaliso ukuya kwisiqinisekiso''awubi ngumvoti nje kuphela kodwa ube ngumthathi-nxaxheba onolwazi kwimiqathango yakhe. Inkqubo yokhetho ayimi ndawonye; iyavela nebutho labantu. Ukuthembisa kwakho kuqinisekisa ukuba uyaqhubeka unceda abantu ngokunempumelelo nangokungakhethiyo.