Inkqubo yobulungisa yeyona nkqubo intsonkothileyo nebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na ibutho labantu. Ayikho nje ukohlwaya ububi kodwa ikhusela ulungelelwano lwabantu, ikhusela amalungelo abo, iphumeza iziphumo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye ithintele ulwaphulo-mthetho lwexesha elizayo. Kubafundi, abafundisi-lwazi, nabani na ofuna ukuqonda indlela okusetyenziswa ngayo okusesikweni, ukuqonda iinkqubo neenkqubo zale nkqubo kuyinto enzima. Eli nqaku linikela uhlolo olubanzi lwenkqubo yokusesikweni, ukusuka kwisiseko sayo ukuya kwinqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo esemthethweni, kwaye lihlola iingxaki ezibhekene nayo kumaxesha anamhlanje.

Ingqwalasela Yenkqubo Yobulungisa Yezaphuli - mthetho

Inkqubo yomthetho yolwaphulo-mthetho eUnited States lumanyano lwamaziko karhulumente kunye namaziko ajongene nokunyanzelisa umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho, abonisa ukuba unetyala, kwaye anika imiyalelo. Ayiloqumrhu elinye elinomo-mnye kodwa kunoko liyingqokelela yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza kurhulumente, kurhulumente, nakumgangatho wasekuhlaleni. Nangona kukho ukungavisisani, bonke baneenjongo ezifanayo zokuphelisa ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukuzisa abenzi bolwaphulo-mthetho esesikweni, nokukhusela amalungelo amaxhoba kunye nabamangalelwa ngokufanayo.

Inkqubo isebenza ngamalungu amathathu axhomekeke kulwakho: ukunyanzelisa umthetho, ijudisitha, kunye nokulungisa. Ilungu ngalinye linoxanduva olwahlukileyo, ukanti kufuneka lisebenze kunye ngaphandle komnxeba ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku kuphunyezwa ngokusesikweni. Ukusebenza kwayo yonke inkqubo kuxhomekeke kumanyano nokuthembeka kwezi ndawo. Ukuqonda le midlalo ibalulekile phambi kokuntywila ngamanqanaba athile kwinkqubo yesaphuli-mthetho.

Amalungu Aphambili Enkqubo Yokusesikweni Kwezaphuli - mthetho

Ukuze aqonde indlela esebenza ngayo le nkqubo, umntu kufuneka aqale aqonde indima yeentsika zayo eziphambili. Ezi zigalelo ziye zaguquka kangangeenkulungwane, zabunjwa yimizekeliso engokomthetho, umthetho wemithetho, kunye nolindelo lwentlalo.

Ukunyanzelwa Komthetho

Amasebe okunyanzelisa umthetho akwindawo yokungena kwenkqubo yomthetho yolwaphulo-mthetho. Umsebenzi wawo kukukhusela ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukuphanda izityholo, kunye nokukrokrela. Oku kuquka amasebe asekuhlaleni amapolisa, amatshatshati, amapolisa orhulumente, kunye namaqumrhu asekuhlaleni anjengeFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) kunye neDignome Inforcement Administration (DEA). Isebe ngalinye lisebenza kulawulo lwalo oluchaziweyo kodwa lisoloko lisebenzisana nemithetho echaphazamisayo. Amagosa omthetho anegunya lokubamba, ukukhangela, nokubamba abantu xa benesizathu esilindelekileyo, kodwa kwakhona kufuneka abambelele ekukhuseleni umgqeba nxamnye nophendlo olungekho ngqiqweqwenileyo nokuxweni.

Icudiary

Inkundla yetyala liyisebe likarhulumente elichazayo lize lisebenzise umthetho. Kwimeko yetyala, iinkundla zijonge icandelo ngalinye letyala, ukusuka ekuveleni kommangalelwa ngetyala nangesigwebo. Inkqubo yenkundla iquka iinkundla zamatyala, iinkundla zetyala, nenkundla ephakamileyo – iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U. Abaphathi bomthetho bayalawula kwiinkundla zetyala baze benze izigqibo ezichanekileyo, ngoxa amatyala (kwizigwebo ezininzi) egqiba iziqinisekiso. Inkundla yenkundla yamatyala iqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo ommangalelwa, njengamalungelo etyala elikhawulezayo lase-U.

Ulungiso

Ilungu lokulungisa lilawula abantu abagwetywe ulwaphulo-mthetho. Iinjongo zalo ziquka isohlwayo, ukufakwa iliso (ukususwa komoni kwibutho labantu), ukunqanda, kunye nokubuyisela umva. Le nkqubo iquka iintolongo (kwizivakalisi ezinde), iintolongo (kwizigwebo ezifutshane okanye ukuvalelwa ngaphambi kokuvavanywa kwetyala), ukuvavanywa, ukuvalelwa, iinkonzo zoluntu, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezifana neenkundla zeziyobisi. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, kuye kwagxininiswa ngakumbi ekulungiseni izinto nokubuyiselwa kwezinto kwakhona kweenkqubo zokunciphisa i-recid recid.

Amacandelo Enkqubo Yobulungisa Okwaphula Umthetho

Indlela esuka kulwaphulo-mthetho olurhanelwayo ukuya kumo wokoqobo ilandela uthotho lwamanqanaba achaziweyo kakuhle. Ngelixesha ulandelelwano oluchanileyo lungahluka ngokongamela negunya kunye nendalo yetyala, isiseko jikelele sinika imaphu ecacileyo yendlela efunwa ngayo okusesikweni.

1. Uphando

Inkqubo iqalisa xa abanyanzeli bomthetho befumanisa ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lunokwenzeka, mhlawumbi ngengxelo yommi, ukuhlolwa kwegosa, okanye ngokuhlanganiswa kwemibutho. Ngexesha lophando, amagosa aqokelela ubungqina obuphathekayo, amangqina odliwano-ndlebe, ukujonga iingxelo, kunye nokuphuhlisa isikhokelo. Bangafuna isiqinisekiso sokuphengulula kumgwebi ukuba angene kwipropati yangasese okanye aqokelele ugcino-lwazi lwe-electronic. Injongo kukusungula unobangela olindelekileyo wokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lubekwe kwaye lubone ukuba uthelekelelwe. Ubuchule bokuchola-mthetho kufuneka buvumelane noMmiselo wesi-C5; ubungqina obufunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni bunokuphengululwa kwinkundla. Uxandumiso nobukhulu bophando lunokugqitywa ngeeyure, ngoxa uqhatho olulula okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho olune okanye ukubulala lunokuthatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka.

2. Ukubanjwa

Xa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kunokwenzeka ukuba kube nesizathu sokukholelwa ukuba umntu othile wenze ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukubanjwa kungenziwa. Ukubanjwa kubandakanya ukuthatha ukroti ekhomishini nokubazisisa ngamalungelo abo omgaqo-siseko, kuquka Miranda] isilumkiso sobuqu [[] (ilungelo lokuhlala uthulile kunye nelungelo kwigqwetha). Ukubanjwa kungenziwa ngemvume okanye ngaphandle kwemvume, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko. Emva kokuba ukubanjwa, ukukrokreqwa kubhaliwe: ulwazi lobuqu, iminwe kunye nemifanekiso kuthathwa, kwaye kubekwe kwintolongo yexeshana okanye kwisikhululo samapolisa. Iwotshi ebanjwayo iqala; ezindaweni ezininzi zokulawula, ukrokreqo kufuneka isiwe phambi komgwebo kwiiyure ezingama-48 ngokweenxa yokuzimisela.

Ukungcebeleka

Emva kokuba ivaliwe, ityala linikezelwa kwi-ofisi yomtshutshisi (igqwetha eliselubala, igqwetha likarhulumente, okanye i-U.S. Atorney kumatyala karhulumente). Umtshutshisi uhlola ubungqina, amangqina, kwaye agqibe ukuba afake ifayile yetyala eliqhelekileyo. Esi sigqibo sinye sesona sinamandla kakhulu kwinkqubo – simisela ukuba zeziphi na izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho (ukuba naziphi na) ummangalelwa aza kujongana nazo. Abatshutshisi banolwazi oluphangaleleyo; bangayeka ukumangalelwa ukuba ubungqina bubuthathaka, banikele isivumelwano ngezikhalazo ezincinane, okanye baqhubeke nezityholo ezikhoyo. Kwezinye iindawo, umgwebi omkhulu kufuneka anikele ingxelo yokumangalelwa ngezityholo zetyala, eqinisekisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kubangele ukuqhutyekwa phambili. Isigqibo sokugweba icandelo.

4. Imbonakalo yokuqala nolungelelwaniso

Inkundla yokuqala iqhubeka yimbonakalo yokuqala, ngokufuthi ephakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 zokubanjwa. Ijaji ixelela ummangalelwa ngezityholo, icebisa ngamalungelo abo, ize yenze izigqibo malunga nebheyile okanye ukukhutshwa kwetyala. Ijaji ingabeka imali e-dola ngebheyile, ikhulule ummangalelwa kwityala lakhe, okanye ibayalele ukuba bafumane ngaphandle kwebheyile ukuba bangaba yingozi kwingingqi. Eli qonga libalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abakhokeli ukuba bazibonele izityholo zabo, ummangalelwa ufunda ngokusemthethweni aze acele ukuba angene: ubeke ityala, akabi natyala, okanye angabi namphikisi. Kwimeko ebalulekileyo, ummangalelwa ungena kwisicelo esingena solwaphulo-tyala, kwaye ucwangciso lwenkundla oluzayo lokuvalelwa. Eli qonga eli libalulekileyo lokukhusela izityholo zomngxhuzulelo ukuba azibonelele kwaye abenze.

5. Uphuhliso lwangaphambili

Phakathi kokuzinza nokuvavanywa kwetyala kwenzeka. Omabini amacala abandakanyeka ekufumaneni, atshintshisa ubungqina kunye neenqwele zobungqina. Amagqwetha okhuselo angafaka iifayile ukuze aphelise ubungqina obufunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni, ukukhupha izityholo, okanye ukutshintsha indawo. Ukuva iintetho zexesha elingaphambili ezihambayo. Kwizingqino ezininzi, ukucela izicelo zenzeka ngexesha eliphakathi kwesigaba. Malunga nama-90-95% amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho aphelela kwisingqiniso esinetyala, ngokufuthi ngesicelo esinetyala, ngokufuthi ngokufaka isibongozo apho ummangalelwa avuma ukuba avume ukumangalelwa ngetyala elincitshisiweyo okanye ukuhlawulwa okuncinane. Ukuba akukho sibongozo zifikelelwa, ityala libhekisa phambili kwityala.

6. Ukuvavanywa

Ityala lelona candelo libonakalayo kakhulu lenkqubo, nangona lisenzeka kwicandelo elincinane kuphela lamatyala. Ummangalelwa unelungelo elisemthethweni lokuvavanya ngokukhawulezileyo nangokungenamkhethe. Ityala liqala ngokukhetha abachopheli-tyala (ingozi), apho amagqwetha aqala ukubuza ukuba ngabachopheli-mthetho abanokuba ngabagwebi abanokuphelisa ikhethelo. Iingxelo zokuvula, ukulungiselela icala ngalinye. Ngoko ingxubusho inikela ubungqina obusemgxubekweni wayo: amangqina, amaxwebhu, ubungqina obuphathekayo. Inkundla ivula ithuba lokunqumla amatyala. Emva kokuba abamangali bebo, abamangaleli basenokunikela ubungqina bayo, okanye abamele bakhethe ukuba bangayeki. Ukuvala iimpikiswano. Ijajingathanga ityala limele lisebenzise umthetho. Ijajingathanga inkundla esemthethweni netyala.

7. Ukugwetywa

Ukuba ummangalelwa ufunyanwe enetyala okanye egwetyiwe, inkundla iyaqhubeka igweba. Ukugwetywa kunokwenzeka ngoko nangoko okanye emva kokuchotshelwa ngokwahlukeneyo apho ijaji iqwalasela ubungqatha bolwaphulo-mthetho, imbali yolwaphulo-mthetho lommangalelwa, iingxelo zeziphumo zexhoba, kunye nokuncomela kwisebe lokuvavanya. I-Sentences zingaquka ukuvalelwa (intolongo okanye intolongo), iintengiso, ukuhlawulelwa amaxhoba, inkonzo yoluntu, ukuvalelwa kwetyala (ukukhutshwa kwetyala entlalo), okanye ukungenelwa kwinkqubo yonyango. Imithetho emininzi egwebayo isebenzisa imigaqo yokulwa imigaqo yokukhuthaza ukungaguquguquki, nangona abagwebi besoloko begcina imigaqo esesikweni.

8. Izibheno

Emva kogwebo, ummangalelwa unelungelo lokubhenela kwityala okanye kwisigwebo. Izibheno azilotyala lesibini; zibuphindwa iingxoxo zenkundla engaphantsi zezobutyala ezisenokuba zichaphazele iziphumo. Izibakala zomzekelo ziquka imiyalelo engachananga yabachopheli-tyala, imvume engafanelekanga, ukugxelwa ngokuziphatha okubi, okanye uncedo olungasebenziyo lwesiluleko. Inkundla ye-appeltatte ifunda ikhupholophu yetyala, iphinda ijonge iingxoxo ezingokwasemthethweni, kwaye ingaziva iimpikiswano zomlomo. Isenokukuqinisekisa ukumamela, ukubuyiselwa (ukubeka ityala elitsha okanye ukugxothwa), okanye ukuguqula isigwebo. Ityala alinakubhenela isigwebo esingesokukhuseli ngenxa yokukhuselwa ngokuphindiweyo. Izibheno ezininzi aziphumeleli, kodwa zisebenza njengendlela yokuzikhusela echasayo echaseneyo nokungalungisileyo.

Indima Yokunyanzeliswa Komthetho

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kuxhomekeke kumthetho osebenza kwimibutho yolwaphulo-mthetho. Amagosa ajikeleza izitrato, asabela kwiimeko ezimanqam, kwaye asoloko eqala ukunxibelelana namaxhoba kunye nabakrokrele. Iimbopheleleko zawo zidlulela ngaphaya kokubanjwa; akwabandakanyeka ekufikeleleni uluntu, ekuthinteleni ulwaphulo-mthetho, nasekunyanzelweni kwezolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukusebenza komthetho kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekuthembeni kukawonke wonke, okunokupheliswa ngokwezenzo ezingafanelekanga okanye ucalucalucalucalulo. Iminyaka yakutshanje ibone ukuhlolwa kwamapolisa kwanda, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuculweni kweekhamera zomzimba, ukuqeqeshwa kolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nokubekwa koophatho lwezo. Amaziko afana nolawulo lwe-Crebiauvement of Justices ([FLT][FFL:0]]) eqokelela rhoqo kwiinkqubo zomthetho.

Imisebenzi yoMthetho onyanzelwayo

  • [[UMTL:0] ukwenza ukhangelo-maxesha ukunqanda ulwaphulo-mthetho nokugcina ukubonakala.
  • Ukukhupha unxulumano kwinkonzo, ukusuka kuphazamiseko oluncinci ukuya kwiziganeko zogonyamelo.
  • Ulwaphulo-mthetho oluquka ukuqokelela ubungqina bokurhoxisa nokuncinwa kwabarhanela.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukukrokra kokukrokreleka ngesizathu esilindelekileyo, ukulandela iinkqubo zomgaqo-siseko.
  • uthintelo lwetyala ngokuzibophelela kunye neenkqubo zokufundisa.

Indima Yesirhumeli

Ijaji iqinisekisa ukuba imicimbi yolwaphulo-mthetho iqhutywa ngokusesikweni kwaye ngokuvumelana nomthetho. Iquka amanqanaba amaninzi: iinkundla zamatyala (icandelo okanye iinkundla eziphakamileyo), iinkundla eziphakathi, kunye neenkundla eziphakamileyo okanye inkundla ephakamileyo ye-U.S. iNkundla ePhakamileyo yemicimbi karhulumente. Abagwebi bajongelwe ukutolika imimiselo, ukulawula kwiimbambano ezicacileyo, nokuvelela iimvavanyo. Bakwadlala indima ephambili ekukhuseleni amalungelo abamangalelwayo, njengokuqinisekisa ukuba izicelo zingene ngokuzithandela kwaye isigwebo sikwimida esemthethweni. Inkundla yejajicalulo ilindeleke ukuba ingacacingi, ingacacingi kwingcinezelo yezopolitiki okanye imbono. Intlangano efana neBar [[FLT:][FM]

Imisebenzi ye Jidiciary

  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuqulunqa ukuva kwangaphambili kovavanyo kwintshukumo nakwizigqibo zebheyile.
  • I- ihlala phezu kwezilingo kunye nokuqinisekisa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] imigaqo yokukhupha [[Umthetho:1] ekungabonwani kobungqina.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukuyalela izijungqu kumthetho phambi kokuba kucetywe.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Izivakalisi ezikhululayo ngaphakathi kwemigaqo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Izibheno ezivayo ukulungisa iimpazamo ezingokwasemthethweni.

Inkqubo Yokulungiswa

Xa bebotshiwe, abaphuli-mthetho bangena kwinkqubo yokulungisa, equka iintolongo, iintolongo, ulawulo loluntu, kunye neenkqubo ezingezizo. I-United States iqhuba omnye wabemi abakhulu abakhuselweyo ehlabathini, nabantu abamalunga no-1.9 lezigidi abavalelweyo ngokwe-2023 ngokweBJS. Inkqubo yokulungisa kufuneka ilungelelanise isohlwayo, ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, kunye namathuba okulungisa izinto. Iintolongo ziqhele ukunikwa abo bagwetyelwe ukubuyela emva kwebutho labantu, njengemisebenzi, imicimbi yengqesho, nemisebenzi exhatshazwayo. I-National Institute of Justition (FFFF:[1]) [FFFFD] kunye ne-parevole ivumela abagwebi ukuba baqhubeke kwimicimbi yophando olusebenzayo. Iinkqubo zokulungisa i-Regiodism zifuna ukunceda ukubuyela kwimiqatha yemali.

Amalungu Enkqubo Yolungiso

  • IiPrisons kunye neentolongo ngenxa yokubanjwa kwabenzi bolwaphulo-mthetho abagwetyelweyo kunye nababanjwa abaphambili.
  • Iprojekthi njengenye indlela yokuvalelwa, kunye neemeko ezilungelelanisiweyo zenkundla.
  • [[UMTL:0] Iparele yokukhululwa kwangoko kwintolongo.
  • Iinkqubo zokwamkelwa [[FLT:], kuquka imfundo, uqeqesho lomsebenzi, kunye nokucebisa.
  • inkonzo yekomyunithi njengesohlwayo somgangatho ophantsi wetyala.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Iinkundla zezentengiso ezinjengeenkundla zeziyobisi kunye neenkundla zempilo yengqondo ezidibanisa ulawulo nonyango.

Ucelomngeni Kwinkqubo Yokulungiswa

Inkqubo yokulungisa ijongene nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo. Ukunyuka kakhulu ezintolongweni nasezintolongweni kusengumba onzima, odla ngokukhokelela ekuncitshisweni kwemisebenzi, ugonyamelo, kunye nokungakhathalelwa okungafanelekile kwempilo. Ucalucalulo lobuhlanga nolobuhlanga luthi luvalelwe ngaphaya kwebala--mnyama eMelika izihlandlo ezihlanu umlinganiselo wama-Melika amhlophe. Ixabiso eliphezulu lemali yokuvalelwa, kokuhlawula irhafu kunye nokukwazi kwabantu ukuhlawula irhafumfa, kuye kwakhuthaza inkqubela ekhokelela ekunciphelweni nasekulungiseni isigwebo. Ngaphezu koko, ukususwa komnyango we-recivivition (utyelo lwamabanjwa ukuba akhululwe ukubuya) kuthetha ukuba abantu abaninzi babhabhethe ngenkqubo ngaphandle kokufumana impumelelo i-transfertiote.

Ucelomngeni Notshintsho Kwinkqubo Yokusesikweni Kwezaphuli - mthetho

Akukho ngxoxo yenkqubo yobulungisa yolwaphulo-mthetho ipheleleyo ngaphandle kokuvuma iimpazamo zayo kunye nemigudu eqhubekayo yokuthetha ngayo. Ukuthembana kwabantu kwinkqubo kutshintshile, kuphenjelelwa ngamatyala aphezulu okukholelwa ngokuphosakeleyo, inkohlakalo, kunye nokuphathwa ngendlela engalinganiyo.

  • [[FLT: 0] I-Rocial kunye nomahluko wentlalo yentlalo kwiqonga ngalinye, ukusuka ekubambeni ukuya ekugwebeni. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu bemibala kunye nabo bavela kwimvelaphi ephantsi bamelwe ngendlela engalinganiyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-Mass board, kunye ne-U.S. enowona myinge wento ephezulu yokuvalelwa phakathi kwamazwe ahambele phambili. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekufuneni ezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa entolongweni ngenxa yetyala elingenabundlobongela.
  • utshintsho lweBail luye lwaba ngumba omkhulu, njengokuba iinkqubo zebheyile yemali zinokubohlwaya ubuhlwempu, ukugcina abantu abangasetyenziswanga kakhulu entolongweni kuba nje bengenamali yokuhlawula.
  • Plea inkcitho exokelelwayo – uninzi lwamatyala aluze luye ecaleni, kunyuswe inkxalabo yokuba ngaba abamangalelwa banyanzelekile ukuba bacele ityala na naxa bemsulwa.
  • ichaza amalungelo [ – imigudu yokuphucula inkxaso kunye nokubandakanyeka kumaxhoba kwinkqubo.
  • Izifundo zobugcisa kunye nezobumfiliba ekunyanzelweni komthetho, njengokujonga, ukwazi ubuso, kunye nokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi okungaphazamisa inkululeko yabemi.

Imigudu yotshintsho ingaphantsi kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, wesizwe, nowamazwe. I-bipartisan Inyathelo lokuqala elidluliselwe ngo-2018 yayingumzamo omkhulu karhulumente wokunciphisa imiqathango esezantsi enyanzelekileyo, ukwandisa iinkqubo zokubuyisela umva, kwaye akhulule inkqubo yokuqalisa kwakhona. Amazwe amaninzi aye amkela iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwimigaqo-nkqubo zobungqina ezifana nezixhobo zohlolo vavanyo lwangaphambili, ukususwa kwetyala leziyobisi, ukuhla kwetyala eliphantsi, kunye nonyuswa kwemali yeenkonzo zempilo. Iintlangano ezinjenge Brennan Center ze-Janualpt zeJanut ([[FLT]][FLT]]]) zibonelela uphando nophando lwezomthetho wobulungisa.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo yobulungisa nenkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho ingumbutho onamandla nongafezekanga obonakalisa imilinganiselo neengxwabangxwaba zebutho labantu elisebenzayo. Kuphando lokuqala ngomthetho onyanzelisayo, iqonga ngalinye linika amathuba okusesikweni nokungalungisi. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kunye neenkqubo ziyimfuneko kungekuphela kubafundi nabafundisi kodwa nakumntu wonke obandakanyekileyo kulawulo lwedemokhrasi lwenkqubo. Njengoko utshintsho luqhubeka luguquka, usukelo luhlala luhleli: ukulinganisela ukuphendula, ukuthembeka, ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke-wonke, kunye nokhuseleko lwamalungelo asisiseko. Inkqubo yokusebenza kokusesikweni ingulowo ufumana ukuthenjwa kwabo, ulungelelamngeni, ulungele ucelomngeni olutsha, kwaye ulandela ulawulo lwezonozalano.