Ukwazisa: Indima yeRajiya Sabha Kwinkqubo Yoqingqo - mali EIndiya

UHlahlelo loHlahlo lweMali lwe-Union luyeyona ngxelo ibalulekileyo yemali kaRhulumente waseIndiya, ikhupha ii-lisithi neenkcitho ezithelekelelwayo zonyaka ozayo. Ngoxa iLok Sabha, njengendlu enyuliweyo ngqo, inegunya eliphambili kwimicimbi yemali, iRajya Sabha — iBhunga lase-United States — idlala indima eyahlukileyo nechazwe ngokusemthethweni kwinkqubo yoqingqo-mali. Le nkqubo ayiyonkqubo esemthethweni nje esemthethweni; yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa uphakamiso olucokisekileyo, ukumela izilangazelelo zengingqi, nokugcina inkqubo yokuhlola kunye neemali kulawulo-mali ekwidemodebhastile yaseIndiya.

Ukuqonda indlela uRajiya Sabba asingatha ngayo uqingqo-mali kufuneka unyukele ngokunzulu kwimimiselo yezomGaqo-siseko, imithetho esekelwe kwimithetho-siseko, kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo phakathi kweendlu ezimbini zePalamente. Eli nqaku linikela uhlolo olubanzi, olugunyazisiweyo lwenqanaba ngalinye loqingqo-mali kwiRapya Sabhaha, imida yayo engokomGaqo-siseko, iziphumo zolawulo nokuphendula, kunye neengxoxo eziqhubekayo ezinxulumene nokusebenza kwayo.

ISiseko soMgaqo-siseko sokuCwangcisa Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali kwiRaje Sabha

Amandla emali eRaje Sabha akalingani nalawo eLok Sabha. UmGaqo-siseko waseIndiya, ingakumbi [[FLT: 0]] Amacebiso 109 kunye ne 110, aveza umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwemali kunye nomnye umthetho wemali. Lo mahluko uguqula i-Rajiya Sabba ukubandakanyeka koqingqo-mali.

Ukuchaza Imali

Inqaku le-101 lichaza iBhili yemali njengemali equlathe kuphela amalungiselelo aphathelele imicimbi yemali ekhethekileyo — njengokubekwa kwemali, ukupheliswa, ukuhlengahlengiselwa, okanye ukulawulwa kweNkcitho yerhafu eQongopheleyo yaseIndiya; okanye ukudityaniswa kwemali kule ngxowa-mali. USithethi weLok Sabba ufaka ityala kusini na ukuba ityala liyiBhili yemali, kwaye elo tyala ligqibelela kwaye alivumi ukuvavanya na na kuyo nayiphi na inkundla.

IBhili yoNcedo kunye neBhili yeMali, evelisa isiseko soqingqo-mali, idla ngokuziswa njengeeBhili zeMali. Oku kunentsingiselo enzulu ngendima yeRajiya Sabha:

  • IRaje Sabra ayinakuyikhaba okanye iphelise iBhili yeMali. Ingenza ingcebiso, enokuthi iLok Sabha yamkele okanye ingayamkeli.
  • IRaje Sabra kufuneka ibuyele iBhili yemali kwiLok Sabhaha iintsuku ezili-14 kwilisithi yayo. Ukuba ayiphumeleli, ityala lithathwa njengelidluliselwe zizindlu zombini ezikwimo ekwakudluliswa ngayo ekuqaleni yiLok Sabha.
  • Ukuba i Rajiya Sabba incomela ulungiso, iLok Sabha ingasamkela nayiphi na okanye zonke, kwaye ityala lithathwa njenge fomu elungisiweyo. Ukuba iLok Sabha iyalwamkela uncomelo, amaxwebhu emali adluliswe ngohlobo lwakuqala.

IiBhili zeMali ezingeyomali

IiBhili zezemali ezingezoeBhili zeMali (oko kukuthi, ezinazo izibonelelo ezingaphaya komda weCandelo 110, njengemibandela yenkcitho kawonke-wonke ebandakanya iinguqu eziphantsi kwemigaqo-nkqubo yowiso-mthetho) zilandela inkqubo eqhelekileyo yowiso-mthetho. Kwezi meko, iRajeya Sabha inamandla alinganayo okulinganayo: ingaphela, ingalahli, okanye ilibazise amatyala anjalo. Oku kubandakanya iindleko ezifuna ukuseka amaziko amatsha kawonke-wonke okanye ukubeka iimfanelo ezintsha zemali ngaphandle kwenkcazelo engqongqo yemali.

Izicwangciso Ezicacisiweyo Zokuvunywa Kohlahlo - mali KwiRaje Sabha

Ngoxa iLok Sabha iyiNdlu egunyazisa uqingqo-mali ngokugqithisa kweemfuno zikaGrants, iRajiya Sabha uqala ukuganana emva kokuba uqingqo-mali lunikezelwe kwiLok Sabhaha kwaye luqhubekeka ngamacandelo amaninzi ahlukeneyo. Le nkqubo ilawulwa yiMithetho yeProcdure neStatus kwiRajiya Sabra.

Isiqinisekiso 1: Ukunikelwa kweNgxoxo neNkxaso Jikelele

UHlahlelo loHlahlo lweMali ludla ngokunikezelwa nguMphathiswa wezeMali eLok Sabba ngoFebruwari 1. IRajiya Sabha ifumana amaxwebhu oqingqo-mali ngaxeshanye, kwaye ingxubusho jikelele ngoqingqo-mali igcinwe kwiRajiya Sabba emva kwentetho yeMali. Le ngxoxo, ngokuqhelekileyo ehlala iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezine, ivumela amalungu ukuba agqabaze ngobuchule boqingqo-mali — izinto eziphambili zayo, izibeko, kwaye abekelwe ngamaqela. Akukho rhoxi oluthathayo ngethuba lokuthetha ngemali.

Uqikelelo 2: Uphando oluyiKomiti yoBume emiselwe liSebe

Emva kwengxoxo eqhelekileyo, uqingqo-mali lubhekiswa kwi Isebe elimiselwe ngokutsha-tshintsha iiKomiti ze-DRSC ukwenzela uvavanyo oluneenkcukacha. I-DSC nganye igubungela imisebenzi ethile ekhethekileyo — umzekelo, iKomiti yezemali ephatha ubuSebenziswa beMali, iKomiti yeMicimbi yezeMpane iphatha ubulungiseleli beMicimbi yeMpane, njalo njalo njalo. I-Rajiya Sabha inobukho obunamandla kwezi komiti, namalungu adweliswe kuzo zombini izindlu. Ezi komiti:

  • Hlola iimfuno zeeGrant zomsebenzi wobulungiseleli.
  • Amagosa, iingcali nabalawuli ababizayo ukuze bafumane ubungqina nemithetho ebhaliweyo.
  • Lungisa iingxelo ezihlalutya izalathiso ezicetyiweyo, zichaze iindawo ezikuzo, zibalaselise iingxelo ezingezizo okanye iikhefu zenkqubo.
  • Phakamisa iingxelo zazo kuzo zombini izindlu phambi kokuba imfuneko yamaGrant ivotelwe eLok Sabha.

Iingxelo zekomiti azibopheleleki kurhulumente, kodwa ziphethe ubunzima obubalulekileyo bokuziphatha kunye nobezobupolitika. Ngokwesiqhelo, utshintsho oluninzi lukarhulumente kunye notshintsho lokuchitha luphenjelelwa zezi ngxelo. PRS Legispative Research[ ibhale phantsi iimeko ezininzi apho iingcebiso zekomiti ziye zakhokelela ekuguquleni uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali.

ISibonelelo 3: Ukuqwalaselwa kwezicelo neeBhili zeMali

Xa iLok Sabha igqithisa iZiyalo zoGrants, urhulumente uchaza iBhili yoKhuthazo kunye neBhili yeMali. Ekubeni ezi ziiBhili zemali, indima kaRajiya Sabha ilinganiselwe ekwenzeni ingcebiso kwifestile yosuku lwe- 14. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba ingxoxo kaRajiya Sabra ayisebenzi. Ingxoxo eRajiya Sabha inakho:

  • Qaqambisa iintsilelo kwiingxelo zikarhulumente okanye ukulungelelaniswa kwenkcitho.
  • Nyanzelisa urhulumente ukuba acacise okanye akhusele imali yakhe.
  • Yenza uhlolisiso kuwonke wonke kwijelo leendaba.

Ukuba iRajiya Sabha ikhetha ukwenza iingcebiso — njengokucebisa ukuba irhafu iphantsi okanye ukusetyenziswa ngendlela eyahlukileyo — iLok Sabhaha isenokugqalwa njengenye.

Isakhiwo 4: Umculo kunye nokudlula kokugqibela

Ngenxa yokuba iiBhili zemali zivela kwiLok Sabhaha kwaye azifuni mvume yokuvota esemthethweni kwiRajiya Sabba (umthetho osebenza iintsuku ezili-14), iRajiya Sabra ayivoti kwisicelo okanye kwimali-mali. Kodwa, kwezinye iindleko zemali ezingeyomali ezingekhoyo iiBhili zemali — njengemali entsha yokuxhasa ingxowa-mali okanye ukugunyazisa isifungo sokubolekisa esiqinisekisayo — iRajiya Sabbaha ivoti kanye njenge Lok Sabha. Imali kufuneka idluliswe yiRayya Sabha kuhlobo olufanayo njengoko igqithwe yiLoka Sab okanye imvume yokubolekisana nge-ada.

Emva kokuba zombini ezi zindlu zidlulisele umthetho wemali, unikwa uMongameli ukuba avume, emva koko abe ngumthetho.

Amagunya athelekisayo: Rajeya Sabha vs. Lok Sabhaha kwimicimbi yezemali

Ulawulo olusikelwe umda lweRaje Sabra kwiiBhili zemali luyintsebenziswano yamabom yomGaqo-siseko, enzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba onyulwe ngqo uLok Sabhaha unelungelo lokugqibela kwirhafu nenkcitho. Noko ke, impembelelo kaRajiya Sabba ingaphaya kokuvota okusemthethweni. Itheyibhile engezantsi ishwankathela umahluko ongundoqo:

[[FLT: 0] amandla: Isinyibilikisi seeBhili zemali
[[FLT]]] [[FLT]] i-Lok Sabha: Ingaphela ngokukhululekileyo[
[FLT]] Rabya Sabba []: ingacebisa; Lok Sabba angamkela okanye angalamkeli

[[FLT: 0] amandla: Ukulahlwa kweeBhili zemali
[[FLT]]] i-Lok Sabha: Ingalandula[
[FLT][FLT]] RAGA [

amandla: ukuqwalasela nge komiti
[FLT]][FLT]LAK Saba: Yabelana ngamalungu ekomiti [
[FLT][FLT]] RAY DA DAHA: Amalungu ekomiti; iingxelo zekomiti ziyaphembelela.

amandla: Ukusebenzisa iimfuno zeentlawulo
[[FLT]][FLT]] Lok Sabha[: Amandla aqukayo[
[FLT]] [FLT] RAY][FLT] GA[FLT:][FLT][FLT]][FLT]]

[[UMTL: 0] amandla: Ezingeyomali IiBhili zeMali
[FLT]][FLT]] Lok Sabha[: amandla apheleleyo okulinganisa [
[FLT]] [FLT]] Raya Sabba]: Amandla apheleleyo

Le ngxoxo ibisoloko ixoxwa, ingakumbi xa iqela elilawulayo lineqela elibuthathaka kwiRajeya Sabba. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi inciphisa indlu ephezulu ibe libutho eliphikisanayo nje ngomthetho wezemali ongundoqo. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi iyayithintela iRajiya Sabba — enganyanzelekanga idibane neenjongo eziqinileyo — ezinokungakhuthazi izicwangciso zikarhulumente onyuliweyo.

Izicelo zoLawulo loManyano lwamaIndiya nePalamente

Ukumela uRhulumente neMidlalo yeNtlalo

IRaje Sabra ibunjwe ngamalungu anyulwa ziindibano zesizwe zowiso-mthetho, iyenza ibe yindlu emela ngokuthe ngqo amaphondo kwiPalamente ye-Union. Indima yayo yokuvavanya uqingqo-mali ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iinkqubo zemali zesizwe aziwatyesheli amaxhala karhulumente. Ngexesha lengxubusho jikelele kuqingqo-mali, amalungu asuka kumazwe ahlukeneyo adla ngokuphakamisa imiba efana nokungalungisi siseko somjikelo, ulwabiwo olunyusiweyo lwemiqathango ephakathi, kunye nempembelelo yerhafu kwiingeniso zikarhulumente. Eli galelo lingakhokelela ekulungiseni imigaqo exhaswe kumgangatho omkhulu okanye kumalungiselelo axhasa irhafuthelo phakathi kombindi okanye amazwe.

Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni bengxoxo emalunga noHlahlo loHlahlo 2023-24, amalungu amaninzi eRajiya Sabha agxininisa imfuneko yolwabelo oluphezulu lwempilo nemfundo kumaphondo anezibonelelo eziphezulu. Ngoxa uqingqo-mali lokugqibela lungakhange luzihlawule ngokupheleleyo ezi mfuneko, ingxoxo yaqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente ubekelwe ityala kwiimfuno zengingqi.

Ukuvavanywa kovavanyo nokuphendula

Inkqubo yekomiti kaRajiya Sabra inika umgangatho wophando oluneenkcukacha oluthi maxa wambi lungabikho kulwazi olukhulu, olungaphezulu, olunobuhlanga. Lo matshini wesebe uLok Sabha. Ingakumbi ezo zimiswe yiRevidid Stasti Committee, ingakumbi ezo zimiswe ngamalungu anamava avela kwi Rajiya Sabhaha, zingaqhuba ngoqikelelo olunzulu lohlahlo-mali. Banegunya lokubiza ulungiso oluneenkcukacha ukusuka kwinkonzo, luthelekise ukuthelekisa ukuthelekisa iindleko zokwenyani, kwaye luncomela iindlela zokulungisa. Oku kuqinisa ulawulo lwepalamente kwaye kunciphisa ubungozi benkcitho engo lika likaxaso okanye ukulahlwa kwemali.

Ngaphezu koko, ingxoxo kaRaje Sabra engoovimba bemali idla ngokuzisa ubuchule bobugcisa kumgangatho. Amalungu amaninzi eRajiya Sabhaha anemvelaphi ebalaseleyo kwezoqoqosho, kumthetho nakulawulo lukawonke-wonke, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho inkcubeko entle.

Ukulungelelanisa uLawulo

Kwinkqubo yepalamente apho umphathi olawula uninzi lukarhulumente eLok Sabhaha, iRaje Sabha ingenza njengomkhosi ophembelelayo. Nangona ingenakuyithintela iNgxowa-mali, amandla ayo okulibazisa amatyala emali, ibamba iikomiti, kwaye ivelise ukugxeka kwelizwi kudala indleko yezopolitiko karhulumente. Oku kuyimfuneko kakhulu xa urhulumente engenayo uninzi kwi Rajiya Sabba, njengoko bekunjalo kangangezihlandlo eziliqela ukususela ngo-2014. Kwimeko ezinjalo, iRajiya Sabhaha iye yasebenzisa amandla ayo ukubhekisa iikomiti kwiminxeba enzima, ifuna ulungiso olungcono lokusebenzisa imali, kwaye inyanzela ulungiso olungcono.

Uhlahlelo Neengxaki Kwinkqubo Yoqingqo - mali YaseRaje Sabha

Ukungabi Namandla Aneleyo Ngemali

Eyona nto ingapheliyo ukugxeka kukuba indima kaRaje Sabha kwinkqubo yoqingqo-mali engundoqo ibuthathaka kakhulu. Isithuba seentsuku eziyi14 semali yeeBhili zemali asisoloko sanele ukuba sihlolwe kakuhle, ingakumbi xa uqingqo-mali lunikezelwa emva kwexesha kwintlanganiso okanye xa urhulumente engxamise ukudlula kweBhili yeMali. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi oku kunciphisa indlu ephezulu ngokunempumelelo kwilaphu lerabha kwizigqi zeLok Sabha, kujonge umgaqo wokuhlola i-bidamal.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuchazwa okubanzi kwento ethetha ngeBhili yemali kuye kwaphikiswa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente uye wahlulahlula iqela eliphambili lemithetho — njengoMthetho weAadhaar kunye noMthetho weMali ka-2017 (owenza utshintsho olukhulu kulawulo lweenkundla) — njengeManey Bills, egqitha uphando lukaRajya Sabba. Inkundla ePhakamileyo iye yaxhasa olu khetho kwezinye iimeko, kodwa iqhubeka ingumngeni owe-Rjanya Sabra.

Izilibazi Neziphene

NjengeLok Sabha, iRajiya Sabha ityekele ekuphazamisekeni, ekuhambeni, nasekulibaziseni. Xa urhulumente ejongene noninzi olunobutshaba kwindlu ephezulu, amalungu enkcaso angasebenzisa iingxoxo zoqingqo-mali ukukhupha iimvume zezopolitiko okanye iingxoxo ezithe rhoqo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuhlolweni kweentlanganiso, iingxoxo ezishukumayo, okanye ukudlula kweminxeba ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngokufanelekileyo.

IKomiti enganelanga Ukulandelela

Ngeli xesha iiKomiti zeSebe ezi-RedDif zivelisa iingxelo ezixabisekileyo, akukho ndlela yokusebenza enyanzelisayo yokuba urhulumente aphumeze iingcebiso zazo. Ii-mini zidla ngokuphendula kwiingxelo zeekomiti ezineziqinisekiso ezingacacanga, kwaye iikomiti azinawo amandla okunyanzelisa ukuthobela. Ngenxa yoko, uhlalutyo oluninzi lwengcali oluveliswe ngexesha lenkqubo yoqingqo-mali luhlala lukho.

Utshintsho Lokomeleza Indima KaRaje Sabha Ekuvunyweni Kuqingqo Uqingqo - mali

Ukuqonda Umlinganiselo WeeBhili Zemali

Olunye utshintsho olubalulekileyo lungakukunciphisa ukuchazwa kweeBhili zemali ngomthetho okanye ngokhokelo lwezomthetho. IiBhili ezineenguqu ezikhoyo zomgaqo-nkqubo ezingaphaya kwerhafu ecocekileyo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwerhafu akufuneki zicaciswe njengeeBhili zemali, ziqinisekisa ukuba iRajiya Sabha inenkcazelo efanayo kwimiba yabo. Oku kuya kunyusa ubunjani bomthetho kwaye kunciphise ubugqwesi-mpaka.

Ukwandisa Ixesha Lokujongana NoRaje Sabha

Ithuba leentsuku ezili-14 leeBhili zemali linganyuswa ukuya kwientsuku ezingama-30, kuvunyelwe ukuba ikomiti ihlolwe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ixoxwe kwindlu ephezulu. Oku akuyi kuthintela uqingqo-mali ukuba lusetyenziswe ngexesha (uqingqo-mali ludla ngokunikezelwa ngoFebruwari, kwaye unyaka ophezulu uqala ngo-1 ku-Epreli), kodwa kuya kufuneka ukuba urhulumente acwangcise uqingqo-mali lwangaphambili okanye axinzelele elinye ishishini.

Inkqubo yeKomiti eyomelezayo

Ukwenza iingcebiso zekomiti ezibophelelayo okanye ezifuna impendulo yolungiselelo kwisakhelo esizinzileyo socwangciso-mali kuya kunyusa ukuphumelela kohlolo lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqhelisela ukubhekisela kuzo zonke iimfuno zooGrant kwiikomiti zamasebe kufuneka kwenziwe izinyanzelo, ngexesha elincinane lokuqwalasela ikomiti phambi kokuba kuvotelwe iLokwa.

Iphumeza ukubonakala ngaphaya kuMaxwebhu oHlahlo-mali

IRaje Sabra isenokutyhala inyanzelisa ukubonakala okuphezulu kolu xwebhu loqingqo-mali, njengokunika iziphumo kunye neziphumo ezisecaleni kwezicelo zenkcitho. Oku kuya kuphucula ubunjani bohlalutyo lwekomiti kwaye kunceda amalungu akwinkonzo agcine iinkonzo zinoxanduva lokusebenza, hayi nje ukudlula.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo yokuvunywa koqingqo-mali kwiRaje Sabha kukusetyenziswa kwemiqathango enzima yenkcitho yezomGaqo-siseko, impembelelo yezobupolitika, kunye nemithetho yezopolitiko. Ngoxa igunya elisesikweni lendlu ephezulu kwiiBhili zemali lilinganiselwe, indima yayo ekuhloleni uqingqo-mali ngeengxubusho jikelele, iingxelo zekomiti, kunye neengxoxo ezingemali zibalulekile ukuze kungenelwe idemokhrasi. IRajiya Sabba izisa uluvo lwasemthethweni, ubugcisa, kunye nembono yexesha elide ekugqityeleni inkqubo yemali — iimpawu ezibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kuhlanga olufana nolweIndiya.

Kwangaxeshanye, ukulinganiselwa kwenkqubo yangoku — ingakumbi umlinganiselo omncinane weMali yeeBhili kunye nokungabikho kwamacebo okuqinisekisa ukuba ikomiti iyanconywa — kufuna utshintsho olufanelekileyo. Ukuqinisa ulawulo lweRajiya Sabba akuyi kuphelisa ukuphakama kweLokabhaha; kunoko, kuya kuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwemali yabantu ngobulumko nangokucace gca. Njengoko uqoqosho lwemali lwaseIndiya lukhula kwaye iingxaki zemali zisiba nzima, uqingqo-mali olunamandla aluyonto intle — oko kuyimfuneko.