Yintoni Imilinganiselo Yokhetho?

Unyulo lweMidterns luphakathi kwexesha elingu-468year lomongameli, oludla ngokusetyenziswa ngoLwesibini lokuqala emva koMvulo wokuqala ngoNovemba weminyaka enokuba ngamanani angeyominyaka yonyulo lomongameli. Luyinxalenye ephambili yenkqubo ye-United States, lunika abavoti ithuba elithe rhoqo lokubuyisela umlinganiselo wamandla eBhunga, i-capitols, kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Ngexesha unyulo lomongameli lweminyaka yokuqala ngoNovemba, olungenayo iminyaka yobupolisa, iimini eziphakathi zikwanesiphumo: zigqiba ukuba liliphi iqela elilawula iNdlukwano yabameli kwaye iqela eliphethe abaninzi kwiNdlukwano, kwaye bamisela isigaba seminyaka emibini yokugqibela yexesha lomongameli.

Ngokwembali, unyulo lwaphakathi kwexesha lokujika lusoloko lusebenza njenge-arhenteum kwimisebenzi kamongameli ohleliyo. Ukususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iqela lomongameli liye lalahlekelwa zizihlalo zeNdlu kuzo zonke kodwa eziphakathi (1998 kunye no-2002). Lo mgaqo, maxa wambi ubizwa ngokuba “sisohlwayo sexesha eliphakathi,” ubonisa ukunganeliseki, ukurhoxa okusezantsi phakathi kwabaxhasi bakamongameli, okanye umnqweno wokuhlola kunye nokulungelelana. Ukuqonda oko kwenzekayo phakathi kwama-16 2016 ukusuka kwihambo yonyulo lovoti yovoti yovote-mthetho wonyulo lwe-R.N.NX.

Inxaxheba ye Voter kunye noku Turrout

Kunyulo lomongameli, umvoti udla ngokugqitha kuma-60% abemi abafanelekileyo bokuvota. Phakathi, elo nani liwela malunga nama-40-50%. Umzekelo, ukujika phakathi kwe 2022-phakathi konyulo kwakumalunga no- 46.8% yabavoti abafanelekileyo, xa kuthelekiswa no 66% kunyulo lomongameli wama-2020, ngokutsho kwe U.S.Bugcisa obu. Oku kuthotywa kakhulu phakathi kovotelo oluncinane, ubuhlanga noluncinane, nabantu abambalwa abavelayo, kunye nengeniso esezantsi.

Iimeko ezininzi zichaza umva wexesha eliphantsi. Abavoti abaninzi bacinga ukuba basengozini xa umongameli engekhoyo kwi-computer. Ingxolo yamajelo eendaba ikwancipha, kwaye ukubhengezwa kwephulo kukhangeleka kusezantsi kakhulu ngaphandle kwesithili sokhuphiswano. Kodwa phakathi kwexesha bekunyuka kwimijikelezo yakutshanje: ishumi elinesibhozo lamaphakathi kwingxelo ephezulu malunga nama-49% abavoti abafanelekileyo, abaqhutywa yinzondelelo enamandla phakathi kwe-Democrats kunye nokuchasana okuchasene noMongameli Trump. Ama-20222, ngoxa ephakathi engaphantsi kancinci, aphawula ukujika kwesibini kwisiqingatha seminyaka esingamashumi amane, ebonisa ukuba uvoti wesibini u-Roventies uyalwazi ngexabiso oluphezulu lwalo khetho.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwevoter kuyahluka ngokuphawulekayo ngokwesizwe nangohlanga. I-Midters ebhalisa imibala ngemini enye, ubhalisa okuzenzekelayo, okanye uvoti lweposi luthambekela ekubeni lunyuke kakhulu. Imithetho ye-Voter ID, ukuhlola indawo evaliweyo, kunye neeyure zokuvota zangethuba ezilinganiselweyo zingacinezela ukucinywa, ingakumbi phakathi kwabantu abanemibala. Ii-midters zikwabona umlinganiselo ophezulu kakhulu, omhlophe, nowokuninzi kwabavoti abafunde kakhulu abavoti abanxulumene noluntu ngokubanzi, nto leyo enokuthomalalisa iziphumo kwimiba yabo kwimibandela enjenge-Social Security, Medicare, kunye nerhafu.

Unyulo lweBhunga: Indlu neBhunga

Indlu yabameli: Zonke iiSeats ezingama - 435 ezidlalayo

Kulo lonke unyulo lwaphakathi kubandakanya zonke izihlalo ezingama-455 kwiNdlu yabameli. Abameli basebenzisa amabinzana amabini eminyaka engama-2018, ngoko sihlalo ngasinye silungele ukubanjwa. Oku kudala imekobume elungele uluntu apho imicimbi yesizwe (njengemeko yezoqoqosho, ezonyango, ezokufuduka, kunye nempembelelo kamongameli yokuvuselelwa kwezizwe ngezizwe). Kwanakwimimandla ekhuselekileyo apho ummeli ekwizihlalo ehlala amashumi eminyaka, ukuguquguquka kwesizwe kungenza izithuba ezimbalwa zelizwe kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla.

Isiphumo esiseNdlu simisela ukuba yeliphi iqela eliphethe igalelo lesithethi nelokulawula imigaqo yemithetho. Iqela elininzi limisela izihlalo zekomiti, licwangcisa amavoti aphantsi, lize ligqibe ukuba ziziphi iindleko zokuhamba phambili. Utshintsho nje lwezihlalo ezimbalwa lungaguqula iNdlu ukusuka kwiqabane elisebenzisanayo ukuya kutshaba lomongameli, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni umongameli anyanzele ukubeka umthetho kwi-drockock okanye anyanzele umongameli ukuba axhomekeke kwimiqathango ye-vetoes kunye nemiyalelo yegunya. Umzekelo, emva konyaka wama-2010, iiRiphabliki zinokufumana izihlalo ezihlalo ezima 63, zize zize zilawule, zichase izihlalo ezininzi zikaMongameli Obama.

IBhunga: Inqwelo - moya Enye Inyaka Emibini

Izihlali zisebenzisa amabinzana amathandathu eminyaka, ngoko ke malunga nesinye kwisithathu sezihlalo ze-100 zeNdlu yeQela zikhuphiswano kunyulo ngalunye phakathi kwexesha. Ngenxa yokuba amabinzana eNtlanga ashukumayo, esona siseti yeesihlalo ezibekweyo zonyulo zixhomekeke kwiklasi: Udidi I, II, okanye III. Umzekelo, 20222 phakathi, iDlasi III ibala elinoMdabi (kuquka ezo zisuka kumazwe anjenge-Arizona, Georgia, ne-Ohio), udidi lwam ndizakuba kwi-colot.

Iintlanga zendlu yeBhunga zidla ngokutsala ingqalelo eninzi nemali kunemiba yeNdlu yeMinyango kuba urhulumente ngamnye ekhetha kuphela ii-senteners ezimbini, ngoko ukucaphuka okukodwa kungatshintsha uninzi. Ukuqinisekiswa kogwebo lweNkundla ePhakamileyo, abagwebi bequzelela urhulumente, kunye noonobhala-makhabhathi-bhusayithi kufuna imvume yeNdluna. Umlawuli omkhulu ulawula ukuba izicelo neendleko zifikelele kumgangatho. Ekubeni i-Reliebuster ivumela abambalwa ukuba bathintele umthetho omkhulu ngaphandle kokuba abachoti bama-60 bevote ukuphelisa ingxoxo, imicimbi yokuyila ingakumbi.

Izizwe Nezizwe Zasekuhlaleni: IiRhuluneli, Imithetho, kunye nezikali zeBalot

Imithetho yephondo neyoRhulumente

Ii-midters zikwaquka unyulo lweerhuluneli ezingama-36 (kwiingingqi ezininzi) nezihlalo zesizwe ezingamawaka. IRhuluneli zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni uqingqo-mali lwezomthetho, ekongameleni imfundo nezothutho, nasekulawuleni iimeko zempilo kawonke-wonke. Kumaphondo amaninzi, irhuluneli iyakwazi ukumisela umthetho ize imisele abagwebi besizwe. Iindlu zowiso-mthetho ziyalilawula i-redificening, ithetha iqela elizuza ukulawula emva kwexesha lombindi lizazozocalula iimaphu ezixhasa abo bakwiminyaka elishumi ezalandelayo. Umzekelo we-2010, u-50terterm, uveza iliza leRiphabliki elivumele iqela ukuba lisebenze kwimimandla efana nePennsylvania, i-Ohio, ne-Wisconsin, litshixa kwinzuzo yobalo lobalo lwama-202020.

Iziphumo zomgangatho wemeko-bume zinokuba yi-bellowether yesizwe. Iqela eliqhuba kakuhle kwimijaho yesizwe lidla ngokwakha ibheji yabamele ukuqhuba urhulumente onamava kwixesha elizayo. Ngaphezu koko, izindlu zowiso-mthetho zelizwe zijongene nokulungisa ukuqulunqwa komgaqo-siseko ocetyisiweyo , `indima eyafumana ingqalelo emva kwesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yama-20222. [[FL:0] Roe v. Wade[, eyasusa ingxoxo yokuqhomfa kurhulumente.

Amanyathelo ebhola kunye neeReferendendom

Ukongeza kumaphondo amaninzi, amaphondo amaninzi kunye neendawo ezininzi zibeka imilinganiselo yokukhusela ukukhutshwa kwenzala phambi kwabavoti phakathi kwexesha. Oku kungahluka ukusuka kwiinkqubo zerhafu kunye nonyuko oluncinane lwemivuzo ukuya kutsho ekugunyazisweni komjuxuzo, amalungelo okuvota, kunye nemimiselo yokusingqongileyo. Ngo-2022, abavoti kumazwe amahlanu avunyiweyo, amanyathelo okuvota ukuze bandise uMicaid, ngoxa eMichigan, i-antementation esemthethweni ekhusela inkululeko yokuzala yadluliselwa. Amanyathelo eBallot avumela abemi ukuba bakhuphe iindlu zowiso-mthetho zecawadio kunye nokumisela imithetho ngqo, ukwenza amacandelo anamandla eerourouts asebenza ngemist.

Ngenxa yokuba ukujika kusezantsi kwaye kungumqobo phakathi, inani labemi babo bavotayo lingayisusa iziphumo zomlinganiselo webhola encinane. Umzekelo, amanyathelo afuna imilinganiselo ephezulu yokudlula ngezantsi. Ngokufana nezinye izicelo zonyuso-irhafu zinokusilela kwimeko-bume esezantsi . Ukuphumelela konyaka wobungameli. Ukuqonda ukudibanisa imidlalo phakathi kwemijaho yesigaba somvotelwano kunye neenyathelo lonyulo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni umlinganiselo opheleleyo wokhetho lwaphakathi.

Inkqubo yeMidlalo kunye neMimandla

I-Ofisi kunye noKhetho-

Umjikelo wonyulo phakathi kwexesha lokuvota uqala ngonyulo oluphambili, oludla ngokuqhutywa phakathi koMatshi noSeptemba wonyaka wonyulo. Abalawuli bamisela ukuba umbutho ngamnye ufanele unyulo lweqela ngalinye. Kumazwe amaninzi, amaprimina “avulekile,” avumela iziqu okanye kwanamalungu elinye iqela ukuba avote; kwamanye,“ azivalelwe,” ekwakungamele ukuba nenxaxheba kumalungu abhalisiweyo. Iziphumo eziphambili zinganyanzela ekubheneleni kwizikhundla eziphezulu zokubhenela kwisiseko seqela, nto enokuba yingozi kubo bonke abantu abakhethayo abatsala abavoti abafanelekileyo.

Emva kwemibutho yabaphathi, iphulo lonyulo jikelele liqhuba malunga neenyanga ezimbini, nangona ezona ntlanga zikhuphisanayo zinokubona ukuchithwa okuqhubekayo ukusuka kumjikelo ongaphambili. Amaxa aphakathi exesha lomongameli ngokufuthi abona ukunyuka kwemali yephulo: umjikelo wexesha eliphakathi kwama-2022, indleko emalunga ne-R2,000, ngokwe- ye-Federal Evolution [[, eyenza olona nyulo lubiza imali engasetyenziswa ngaphambili kwimbali.

Inkcazelo Yemithombo Yezixhobo, Yentengiso Neyolwimi

Ukubhengezwa kwentengiso phakathi kwithuba lokubhengeza kuye kwaya kuhambela kakhulu kumaqonga asebenzisa amanani, nangona umabonwakude esele ekho kwi indawa ezindala zamajelo eendaba. Izibhengezo zokuhlasela nokuthumela imiyalezo esekelwe kwingxelo esekelwe kwimiba ixhaphakileyo ziqhelekile, zisoloko zijolise kwinkxalabo yezoqoqosho, iindleko zempilo, okanye kwimicimbi yenkcubeko enjengezezezezolwaphulo-mthetho nemfundo. Amajelo-ndaba asekuhlaleni aphelisa intetho ebhaysasaza, kwaye amaphulo axokiswe ngamanye amazwe nawasemzini nawasekhaya.

Isikhokelo sovoter kunye nemibutho engeyoyamaPropatistan njengoManyano lwaManyano lwaMantom Voters kunye neBallopedia zinceda abavoti baqonde abavoti kunye namanyathelo okuvota. Noko ke, abavoti abaninzi basanikela ingxelo yokudideka ngoko kukwiqela lebhola, ingakumbi kwimijaho ye-Gaultbackot yabagwebi, iibhodi zesikolo, kunye nabameli bengingqi. Lo “Msantsa wenkcazelo wesizwe” ungacinezela kwaye ukhokelele kukhetho oluncinane.

Impembelelo Kulawulo Nakukongamela

Inkcitho yeGridki ePhakamileyo kunye neMigaqo

Mhlawumbi owona mphumela ukhawulezileyo wonyulo phakathi kwexesha lonyulo ngumphumela wabo kumandla omongameli okulawula. Ukuba iqela lomongameli liphulukana nolawulo lwegumbi elinye okanye zombini lwezitena, izicwangciso zomthetho. Umongameli usenokubhenela kwimiyalelo yezolawulo kunye nokumiswa kolawulo ukuze aphumeze iinjongo zomthetho, kodwa ezi zinto zisoloko zicelw'ucelo-mngeni enkundleni kwaye zinokutshintshwa ngumlandeli. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-misholo kamongameli kwakhona kwenza buthathaka ukuma kwakhe phakathi kweqela labo, maxa wambi kukhuthaza ucelomngeni oluphambili okanye ukushukuma kweqela.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba itheko lomongameli lifumana izihlalo (ngokunjalo kunokwenzeka, njengoko kwakunjalo ngowama-2002 emva ko-9/11), linokuchazwa njengegunya kwaye likwazi ukumisela umthetho ongaphezulu wemabhongo. Kwanaxa umongameli ephulukana neNgqungquthela, urhulumente owahluleleneyo ungenza ulalaniso kwimibandela efana nezibonelelo, utshintsho lobulungisa, okanye izivumelwano zoqingqo-mali, zikulungele ukuqhubana.

Ithuba leLamĕDuck” kunye neZiqendu ezikhethekileyo

Ii-midters zenzeka ngoNovemba, kodwa amagosa asandul' ukunyulwa akafunywa de kube nguJanuwari wonyaka olandelayo. Ixesha eliphakathi konyulo kunye neKhongongolo entsha laziwa njengentlanganiso yesiqhwala. Ngeli xesha, amalungu akhululekileyo kunye neNgqungquthela ehleliyo anokugqithisa amatyala aseleyo, aqinisekise, okanye enze ezinye izinto eziphambili ezaye zavinjwa. Iintlanganiso ze-Lamâduck zisetyenziselwa ukumisela umthetho onokuthi ungadluli kwiNgqungquthela entsha (ngoko umzekelo, ngo-2010, ngexesha lokuqhwala kwe-62dock, Congressssssss yadlulisa irepeary ka- “Isk’Don, Don’t Tell."

Iziphumo zobuphakathi zikwamisela iqonga lonyulo olulandelayo lomongameli. Iqela eliqhuba kakuhle lidla ngokufumana inkqubela: amatsha - ntliziyo, abanikeli nabatsha - ntliziyo, kunye nengxelo yamajelo eendaba ejikeleze ukutshintsha komongameli ongoopopunti abaphezulu. Umboniso onamandla phakathi ungakha ibheri yeqela kumjikelo olandelayo, ngeli lixa umboniso obuthathaka unokuthi ukhokelele kwi-messansingx project kunye neenguqu ezicwangcisiweyo.

Imbali Nemikhwa

Umzekelo wokulahlekelwa kweqela lomongameli phakathi kobu nyaka ka-19882, awuyiyo into yale mihla. Ngonyaka ka-1882, uMongameli uArthur’s Republicans walahlekelwa zizihlalo ezingama-33 zeNdlu. Ngokufanayo, uMongameli uHoover’s Republicans walahlekelwa ngu-11096seadate ngo-1930 ngexesha loBudodo Bezimo zezulu. Okuphela kokungacacisiweyo kwe-Prestum (Presint Clinton) kunye no 2002 (Pumongameli uBush) − i-Clinton's centracturcern yalandela impikiswano engobunzileyo eyathiyweyo ngenene iDemocratic , kunye noBush wavela emva kohlaselo lwesizwe oluyi-9/11 xa kuthandwayo.

Ezinye izazinzulu zezobupolitika zithi isohlwayo esiphakathi kwesigaba sexesha sisakhiwo ngokwenxenye: abavoti abaphuma phakathi kwimida badla ngokusuka bangabi nabudlelane kakhulu kwaye bashukunyiswe kakhulu kukuchaswa ngumongameli kunayinkxaso. Ngaphezu koko, ingcamango ebizwa ngokuba “yindumasi kwaye inciphe” iyavuma ukuba umbutho owanyulwa ngumongameli kunzima ukuphinda uhlanganiswe kwimeko-bume esezantsi ye-75" aba bacebisi baye bafundwa kakhulu ngabaphandi kwiPew Research Center kunye namaziko emfundo; ukuze bafunde ngokunzulu, iziko lophando [[FLT:] PT] uPT] uPrew uqulukshicilelo oluthe rhoqo lwendlela ephakathi kwevoti ye-votiver.

Isiphelo: Kutheni Kubalulekile Ukusebenzisana

Unyulo lwemidst lungaphezulu kakhulu kunonyulo olushushu lombutho womongameli olandelayo. Baluphinda ngokungqalileyo ulungelelwano lwamandla eWashington nakumakomkhulu karhulumente, bephembelela yonke into ukusuka kwimilinganiselo yerhafu kunye nolawulo lwempilo ukuya kwimithetho yokuvota kunye nemigaqo yemekobume. Uhlolo, nangona lungaphantsi kunakwiminyaka yobumongameli, lubonise imiqondiso yokwanda, kwaye iimbambano ezisemthini azizange zitsalwe ngokucacileyo. Ukuqonda oko kwenzeka phakathi kwee-maphakathi kwee-8-screams, indima yonyulo lovolo, iprotams kunye nemali, igalelo ekulawuleni kwemithetho ye-$is, ibalulekile kuye nawuphi na ummi ofuna ukwenza ukhetho olunolwazi kwibhokisi yebhola.

Njengoko iUnited States iqhubeka ijongene neengxoxo ezihlukeneyo ngedemokhrasi, inkcubeko, kunye nenkqubo yentlalo, unyulo lwaphakathi kwexesha luseyenye yezona zixhobo zinamandla ukuze uluntu luphendule urhulumente. Iminyaka ephakathi yowama-2026 iya kunikela olunye uvavanyo oluqatha lokuba amaqumrhu ezobupolitika esizwe anokusabela kusini na ekuthandeni kwabantu, kwaye enoba abavoti abaneleyo baya kuqhama ukuze bavakalise amazwi abo.