Ukwazisa: Isizathu Sokuba Ukuqonda Irhafu Kubaluleke

Nyaka ngamnye, izigidi zabantu namashishini zihamba ngendlela entsonkothileyo yokuthobela irhafu. Enoba ungumfundi ofumana ijekthi yokuqala, ishekethi yemali, okanye umnini-mashishini omncinci, ukufumanisa ukuba inkcitho ibalulekile ukuze uqinise imali kunye nokuthobela umthetho. Le rhafu ifuna ukubonelela iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke-wonke ezibalulekileyo . "ukusuka kwiindlela nakwiisikolo ukuya kunonophelo lwerhafu kunye nezokhuseleko lwesizwe"kodwa kumele imbopheleleko yemali. Ukungahombisa irhafu, inzala, okanye kwaneengxaki ezisemthethweni. Lo khokelo lubanzi luzakuxhobisa ngolwazi lwesiseko sokuqonda iimfanelo zakho zerhafu, ukunciphisa irhafuthelo lwakho ngeenkqubo ezisemthethweni, kwaye uphephe imigibe ephambili.

Yintoni Irhafu Yaye Kutheni Siyihlawula?

Ngamabinzana alula, irhafu yiminikelo yemali enyanzelekileyo enikelwa ngurhulumente kubantu ngabanye, kwiinkampani, nakwimpahla. Zizibonelelo eziphambili zengeniso ezinceda oorhulumente balungiselele iimpahla neenkonzo zikarhulumente. Ngaphandle kwerhafu, izibonelelo neenkonzo esixhomekeke kuzo yonke imihla. Iindawo ezingundoqo ezixhaswa yimali yerhafu ziquka:

  • Iinkqubo zemfundo – ukusuka kwizikolo zikarhulumente ukuya kwimfundo ephakamileyo
  • Iinkonzo zonyango – kuquka iinkqubo ze-inshorensi yempilo nezonyango
  • Ukhuseleko loluntu – amapolisa, amasebe omlilo, nokuphendula
  • Iinkqubo zokuthutha – uhola weendlela, iibhulorho, uthutho lukawonke - wonke, neenqwelo - moya
  • Ukhuseleko nokhuseleko
  • Iinkonzo zoncedo ezizizo, ukusetyenziswa kwemali, ukusetyenziswa kokutya nokhuseleko

Irhafu ingahlawulwa kumgangatho wesizwe, wesizwe, nowengingqi, kwaye imithetho ecacileyo iyahluka kuxhomekeka kwindawo ohlala kuyo nakumsebenzi wakho. Ukuqonda injongo yerhafu [[FLT: 1] kukunceda uqonde ukuba kutheni ukuthobela kungelo msebenzi osemthethweni nje kodwa igalelo elisemthethweni.

Iindidi Zerhafu Unokudibana Nazo

Irhafu ikho ngeendlela ezininzi, nganye inemithetho yayo nentsingiselo. Naku ukuwohloka kwezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo onokudibana nazo njengomntu okanye umnini weshishini.

Irhafu

Irhafu yemali ehlawulwayo yirhafu ehlawulwa yingeniso evela emsebenzini, ukuqeshwa, ukuvotelwa kwemali, nezinye imithombo. EUnited States, inkqubo yerhafu yerhafu yemali karhulumente iyahambela phambili, ithetha ukuba ingeniso ephezulu ihlawulwa ngexabiso eliphezulu. Amazwe amaninzi akwanyanzelisa irhafu yawo yengeniso, nangona amazwe ambalwa (njengeTexas kunye neFlorida) engenayo irhafu yemali yorhulumente. [[FLT: 0] Imbono engundoqo:[[FLT: 1]] Ingeniso yakho yerhafuzo yingeniso yakho epheleleyo eyintlawulo ehlawulwayo kunye nokungahlawulwa, kwaye uxhomekeke kwixabiso olihlawulayo kwimo yokuhlawula nescregi.

Irhafu

Irhafu ethengiswayo yirhafu ehlawulelwa ukuthengiswa kweempahla neenkonzo, eqokelelwa ngumthengisi kwinqanaba lokuthengiswa. Isantya siyahluka ngokwemeko nangokwesixeko okanye kwingingqi. Amanye amatyala akhulula izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana nentengiselwano okanye amayeza agunyazisiweyo. ISLULENS:[[FLT]] intengo ye-ONU-intengiso ingaba iphantsi kwerhafu, ngokukodwa oko kusekuthengisweni uDakotalv v. Wayfair isigqibo esiphakamileyo seNkundla ivumela ukuba kufune izimvo ezi-statizo ukuqokelela irhafu yorhwebo.

Irhafu Yempahla

Irhafu yempahla isekelwe kwixabiso lempahla yomniniyo, eyona ndawo idla ngokuba yindawo. Oorhulumente bengingqi (amalifa, oomasipala, isithili sezikolo) irhafu yempahla ye-levy ukuxhasa iinkonzo zengingqi. Irhafu yerhafu isetyenziswa kwixabiso lempahla yakho, elisenokuphinda lihlaziywe ngamaxesha athile. Abanini-mali bayakwazi ukurhoxa irhafu yempahla xa bebuyela kwirhafu yemali abayifumanayo, ngokomqathango wemiqathango.

Irhafu

Amaqumrhu ahlawula irhafu ngengeniso yawo. Umyinge werhafu yequmrhu lezemali eUnited States usisicaba 21% njengoMthetho weNtloko noMsebenzi wowama-2017. Amatyala amaninzi akwanyanzela ukuba kuhlawulelwe irhafu yengeniso yenkampani. Ukuba uqhuba ishishini njengelodwa eliqhuba ishishini, umanyano, okanye ingeniso yakho yeshishini, idla ngokuba ihlawulwa kwirhafu yakho yengeniso yomntu ngamnye (ukwehlazo ngerhafu).

Ikomkhulu Lifumana Irhafu

Xa uthengisa i-asethi ngaphezulu kwemali oyihlawuleleyo (inzuzo yekomkhulu), ungafumana irhafu. Oku kubhekiselele kwizitokhwe, kwimibhobho, kwizakha mhlaba, nakwezinye iindawo zotyalo-mali. Ingeniso yemali yexeshana elifutshane (iii-asethi ezibanjwe unyaka omnye okanye ngaphantsi) zihlawulwa njengengeniso eqhelekileyo, ngoxa ixesha elide lingenelwa kwixabiso eliphantsi (0%, 15%, okanye 20% kuxhomekeka kwingeniso yakho). Ingeniso egqithisiweyo: [iiiiii] impahla ezingaphezulu konyaka [iiiimali] inokunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ityala yakho yerhafu.

Ukuhlawula Irhafu

Ukuhlawula iirhafu kukhutshwa kwimivuzo yabaqeshwa ukuxhasa uKhuseleko lweNtlalo-ntle kunye neMedicare. Abaqeshwa nabo bahlawula imali elinganayo. Ukuba usebenza uqeshwa, ujongene neenxalenye zomqeshwa nomqeshi (irhafu yokuziqesha). Ukuqonda irhafu yerhafu kubalulekile ukuze uqingqe kakuhle ingeniso yakho ye-nethi.

Irhafu Ehlawulweyo

Iirhafu ezithengwayo zihlawulwa kwiimpahla ezithile ezinjengepetroli, utywala, icuba, namatikiti enqwelo-moya. Ezi zidla ngokuqukwa kwixabiso kwaye zisenokusetyenziselwa ukuxhasa iinkqubo ezinxulumene nazo (umz., irhafu yepetroli yogcino lohola wendlela).

Indlela Eqokelelwa Ngayo Irhafu: Umatshini Oyintloko

Inkqubo yokuqokelela irhafu iyahluka-hluka kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwerhafu nomthombo wengeniso. Nazi iindlela eziphambili:

Ukungabikho

Kuninzi lwabaqeshwa, irhafu yengeniso iqokelelwa ngokungekho mthethweni. Umqeshi wakho ubala irhafu eqikelelwayo esekelwe kwifomu yakho yeW-4 kwaye ayirhoxise kwicheck nganye yentlawulo, ithumela imali ngqo kurhulumente. Le nkqubo inceda abahlawuleli berhafu bahlangabezane neemfuno zabo ngokuthe ngcembe ngonyaka. [ ILUNGELA :[ Hlola i-W-4 nanini na imeko yakho yobuqu itshintsha (umtshato, ukuzalwa komntwana, isibini umsebenzi) ukuqinisekisa ukuba imali efanelekile iyathintelwa.

Uqikelelo lwamatyala

Ukuba usebenza, usebenza ngemisebenzi, okanye uyinkokheli ezimeleyo, akunayo irhafu ehlawulwayo. Endaweni yoko, kufuneka uthelekelele irhafu kwi-IRS izihlandlo ezine ngonyaka (ooAprili, uJuni, uSeptemba, noJanuwari wonyaka olandelayo). Ukusilela ukuhlawula ngokwaneleyo unyaka wonke kungaphumela kwisohlwayo, nokuba ungazinzi ngokupheleleyo ngomlinganiselo wakho ngoMgqitho ka-Aprili.

Iqokelela Irhafu

Abaqokeleli banomthwalo wokuqokelela irhafu yentengiso kwinqanaba lokuthengiswa nokuyibuyisela kumagunya afanelekileyo. Kumashishini, oku kufuna ukuba kulandelwe ngenyameko ireyithi yerhafu esebenzayo kwaye kuqokelelwe iimbuyekezo zerhafu zentengiso zexesha ngalinye. Ukuba wenza iintengiso kwi-intanethi, abathengisi abaninzi ngoku babiza irhafu yentengiso ngoku ngokusuka kwidilesi yoshishino.

Ukuqokelelwa Kwempahla

Iirhafu zempahla zihlawulwa ngqo kuqokeleli werhafu wasekuhlaleni, mhlawumbi njengemali yentlama yonyaka okanye ngokwemiqathango (ngokufuthi). Ababoleki bendlu abaninzi baqokelela irhafu yempahla njengenxalenye yentlawulo yakho yenyanga nge-akhawunti yemali ebhatalwayo kwaye bahlawula igunya lokuhlawula irhafu kuwe.

Ukunciphisa Irhafu Yakho: Isikhokelo Ngenyathelo

Ukuhambisa irhafu yinkqubo esesikweni yokuxela ingeniso yakho, iincopho, kunye neetyala kurhulumente. Ixesha lokubuya kwengingqi eUnited States liqhelekile [[FLT: 0] April 15 (okanye usuku olulandelayo lweshishini ukuba ithe yaphela kwimpelaveki okanye kwiholide). Nali ixesha lokuhamba kakuhle:

1. Lungisa Uxwebhu Lwakho

Isalathisi somsebenzi weCandelo leNtshona Koloni.

  • [[UMTL:0]W-2 – kubaqeshi (ingeniso kunye nerhafu ezirhoxisiweyo)
  • -NEC – kumsebenzi wenkululeko okanye wesivumelwano
  • -1099-INT – kwinzala yebhanki
  • [[UMTL:0]-Umahluko-99 [[UMTLL:1] – ukusuka kwimivuzo
  • [[UMTL:0] IReceips kwiindleko ezinokurhoxiswa (unyango, inkcitho, iindleko zoshishino)
  • [[UMTL:0] Intengo yenzala yenzala[[FUT:1] (Form 1098)
  • [[UMTL:0] Umba wetyala lenzala [

Khetha indlela yokutyibilika

Uneenketho ezininzi:

  • Yenze ngokwakho usebenzisa ifayile ye IRS Free file (ulungiso olugqithisileyo lwengeniso ngaphantsi ko $73 000) okanye iifomu ezigcwalisiweyo ezikhululekileyo
  • [[UMTL: 0] Sebenzisa i-software yerhafu njenge-TurboTax, H&R Block, okanye i-Taxier - ezi zikukhokela kwinkqubo kwaye ukhangele iimpazamo
  • Uvulela umgcini- mali kawonke-wonke (CPA) okanye obhalisayo – uncomela ukuba unoveziselo oluntsonkothileyo okanye ingeniso yeshishini
  • [[UMTL:0] Sebenzisa i-Implugnore I- transfer helper (VITA) inxuwa - luncedo olusezantsi ukuya kumlinganiselo ophezulu wengeniso ababuyiseli-ndlu

3. Gqibezela Ukubuya Kwakho Ngokuchanileyo

Phendula yonke ingeniso evela kuyo yonke imithombo. Nokuba awufumani fomu yomsebenzi osecaleni (umz., iipesenti zemali okanye ii-geance ezincinci ezihlawulwayo), kufuneka unikele ingxelo ngayo ngokusemthethweni. Sebenzisa ubume obufanelekileyo besehlo (engatshanga, egawulweni edityanisiweyo, egatyiweyo, egatyiweyo ngokwahlukeneyo, intloko yendlu, okanye efanelekela umhlolokazi (umntu).

4. Zithobe Uze Uhlawule Nayiphi Na Imilinganiselo Efanelekileyo

I-E-file yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo nekhawulezayo. Ungathumela i-pane, kodwa inkqubo iyacotha. Ukuba ufanele uhlawule irhafu, kufuneka uyihlawule ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Iinketho eziquka ukurhoxa kwemali ye-elektroniki, ityala/ikhadi lemali, icheke, okanye ulawulo lwemali. ukuba awukwazi ukuhlawula ngokupheleleyo, ucela isivumelwano sequmrhu okanye ukunikezela ngokulalanisa; ukunyusa ulwandiso (For 4868) kukunika iinyanga ezintandathu ezingaphezulu kwifayile kodwa ungahlawuli – inzala nezigwebo ezingehlawulwayo.

Imeko yefayile kunye nojongo lwangaphakathi

Uninzi lwamazwe lufuna ukubuyiselwa irhafu yengeniso karhulumente. Ezinye izixeko (umz., kwisiXeko saseNew York, iDenver) zikwabeka irhafu yengeniso yasekuhlaleni. Jonga i-website yesebe lemali yeli lizwe lakho ukuze ufumane iimfuno neefomu.

Ukuqonda Imigaqo - siseko Nezincomo: Baluleni Irhafu

Izixhobo ezimbini ezinamandla zinganciphisa ityala lakho: iintlawulo zinciphisa ingeniso yakho ehlawulwayo, ngelixesha amatyala ehlisa irhafu yakho yedola nge-dola. Ukwazi umahluko nokusebenzisa i-athom kubalulekile.

Ukucaciswa Kweenkqubo

Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali oluchaziweyo kwingeniso yakho elungisiweyo (AGI), ngaloo ndlela unciphisa umlinganiselo wengeniso ehlawulwayo kwirhafu. Uneenkhetho ezimbini:

  • Isinyusi esisesikweni: Isixa esisisigxina esisekelwe kwimeko yakho yesambuku (R313,850 kubalawuli abanye ngowama-2023, ii-$27,700 zezibini ezitshatileyo zidibene). Abanikazi berhafu bathatha uhlaziyo olusezantsi kuba lulula kwaye lusoloko lukhulu kunokwenza izinto.
  • Udwelisa iinkcitho ezithenjiweyo: Udwelisa iindleko ezifanelekileyo njengenzala yendlu, urhulumente nerhafu yasekuhlaleni (SALT) ukuya kwi $10,000, iminikelo yoncedo, kunye neendleko zezamayeza zingaphezulu kwe 7.5% ye-AGI. Ukubeka ipesenti kuyavakala xa iindleko zakho zizonke zingaphezulu kwexabiso elisezantsi.

Iindleko eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • Inzala yekhaya eliphambili okanye elisemgangathweni
  • Inzala yemali ebolekiweyo yabafundi (ifikelela kwii - R2 500)
  • Imali ye-inshorensi yempilo ehlawulwayo
  • Iminikelo kwii-akhawunti zesithethe zeIRA ne-IStyres ezempilo (HSSE)
  • Iindleko zeshishini kubantu abasebenza

Amatyala Erhafu: Olona Tyelelo Luxabisekileyo

Ityala lerhafu linciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani berhafu onayo. Amatyala anokuba [[FLT: 0] anokubuyiselwa [ufumana okugqithisileyo njenge-rest ukuba ityala lidlula ityala lerhafu yakho) okanye engahlawulekiyo (inganciphisa irhafu yakho kuphela kwiqalo). Ityala elingundoqo liquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ityala lerhafu elifunyenweyo (EITC): Ityala elinokubuyiselwa kubasebenzi abaphantsi kwingeniso ephakathi. Imali ixhomekeke kwingeniso yakho nakwinani labantwana abafanelekileyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ityala lerhafu yabantwana (CTC): Ukunyukela ukuya ku $2,000] kumntwana ngamnye ofanelekelayo engaphantsi kwewaka elinamashumi asixhenxe (ngokuyinxenye elihlawulwa ukuya ku-R2,000).
  • [[NKQUBO:0] Ityala leTroffic Trought (AOTC) yaseMelika: Ukunyukela ukuya kwii $2,500 kumfundi ngamnye kwiindleko zemfundo efanelekayo, ezinokuhlawulwa ngokwenxalenye.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ityala lokufunda ixesha lobomi: Alivuleki, ukufikelela kwi R2,000 ukubuya komzi wokufunda emva kwesekondari.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kweMinikelwe (Ityala Logcino):[[FTL:1] kubantu abafumana imali ephantsi abafak ’ isandla kwi-akhawunti yomhlala-phantsi.

Inyathelo lentshukumo: Intshukumo yohlolo lwetyala phambi kokuba lifakwe, njengoko ezininzi ziphoswa nyaka ngamnye.

Iimpazamo Zerhafu Eziqhelekileyo Nendlela Yokuziphepha

Nazo izikhewu ezinamacala efayile zenza iimpazamo. Nazi imigibe eqheleke kakhulu nendlela yokuqhuba idele

  • Ibhanile ukuchaza yonke ingeniso: I-IRS ifumana imibhalo yakho ye W-2 kunye 1099s. Ukuba ushiya umsebenzi osecaleni, uzakufumana isaziso. Gcina iirekhodi zocoselelo.
  • [[NTL:0] Ngokuchanekileyo intengo ezifuna ucotho okanye iityala: umzekelo, isithi iEITC xa ungadibaniyo nemfuno yokuhlala okanye ingeniso ingakhokelela kuphicotho-zincwadi. Sebenzisa i-software yerhafu okanye ugqirha ukukhangela kabini.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukubeka ixesha lokugcina ifashoni: Kwanokuba awukwazi ukuhlawula, ifayile ngexesha (okanye ifayile yolwandiso). Izigwebo zemali ezidlulileyo ziyakhutshwa: 5% yerhafu engahlawulwayo ngenyanga, ukuya kutsho kwi 25%.
  • Azigcini iirekhodi ezifanelekileyo: Gcina iirisithi, iingxelo zebhanki, kunye nokubuyisela irhafu malunga neminyaka emithathu (ubude befama okanye uthengiso olukhulu). I-IRS ingaphicotha malunga neminyaka emithandathu ukuba awuyixeli nge-25% okanye ngaphezulu.
  • Ityikitya phambi kokwenza ufundo: Iimpazamo zezibalo ezilula, amanani oKhuseleko lweNtlalo angalunganga, okanye amanani etyala ebhanki angalunganga e- redunds angalibazisa uqhubekeko.
  • [[FLT: 0] Irhafu zemeko yokwaphula: Abantu abaninzi bajolise kuphela kwimivuzo yorhulumente baze balibale iimfuno zikarhulumente. Amazwe anokuba neexesha nemithetho eyahlukileyo.

Ukulungiselela Irhafu Kuyimiqathango Yekamva Elikrelekrele

Ukucwangcisa ngerhafu kungakunceda ukuba ugcine imali yakho eninzi oyisebenzisayo unyaka wonke kunokuba wenze ngexesha lokuqokelela. Cinga ngezi ndlela:

  • [[NTL:0] Nyusa iminikelo yomhlala-phantsi: Iminikelo ku 401(k) okanye IRA inciphisa ingeniso yakho ehlawulelwayo. Ngo-2023, unganikela ukuya ku-$2,500 kwi-401(k) ($30) (R3,50) (R1,50) kunye ne-$6,500 kwi-IRA (R3,000 ukuba 502).
  • [[NTL:0] Sebenzisa ii-akhawunti zempilo (HSAS): Ukuba unecebo eliphezulu lempilo, iHSA inikela intlawulo ephindwe kathathu: iminikelo iphambili yerhafu, ulwando lukhululekile kwirhafu, kwaye ukurhoxa kwinkcitho yezamayeza akuhlawulwa rhafu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ilahleko yerhafu: Ukuba unemiba yotyalo-mali encitshisiweyo exabiso, ucinga ukuba uyithengisa ukudibanisa ingeniso yekomkhulu. Ukufikelela kwi $3,000 yelahleko yomnatha kunganciphisa ingeniso eqhelekileyo.
  • [[UMTH: 0] Ityala lerhafu eziqikelelwayo: Ukuba usebenzela, beka bucala inxenye yentlawulo nganye kunyaka wonke ukunqanda ityala elikhulu loAprili nezohlwayo eziphantsi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Jonga ukubopha kwakho ngonyaka: Iziganeko zobomi ezifana nomtshato, uqhawulo-mtshato, okanye umsebenzi omtsha zingayitshintsha imeko yakho yerhafu. Hlaziya iW-4 nomqeshi wakho ngeentsuku ezilishumi.

Izixhobo Zokunceda Ngerhafu

Akuyomfuneko ukuba uhambe ungenayo irhafu.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha Intembelo Kwirhafu

Ukuqonda iimbopheleleko zakho zerhafu akuthethi nje ukuthintela isohlwayo . Kusisixhobo solawulo lwezemali oluvakalayo. Ngokufunda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zerhafu, indlela eziqokelelwa ngayo, nendlela yokulinciphisa ngokusemthethweni ityala lakho ngokuhlawula nangemali, ulawula ikamva lakho lemali. Ukuzilungiselela ngokuchanileyo nangexesha elizayo, nokusebenzisa izinto ezikhoyo zexabiso lerhafu kuzakwenza ungabi noxinzeleko kwaye ungabi nangxaki kakhulu. Khumbula, ukutshintsha kwemithetho yerhafu rhoqo; ukuhlala usazi ngamagunya aseburhulumenteni kwaye uthembe abaxhasi berhafu kuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala ubambelele kwiziphumo zakho zemali. Qala namhlanje ngokuhlola ngokuzibophelela kwakho, ulungele iingxelo zakho, kunye nokuhlola iityala onokuthi ufanele ukuzo.