Ukuqonda Irhafu Yaseburhulumenteni: Ukhokelo Olubalulekileyo Kubafundisi - ntsapho Nabafundi

Irhafu yelizwe yiyo esisiseko senkxaso-mali yenkonzo karhulumente kulo lonke elaseUnited States, kodwa abemi abaninzi banolwazi oluphezulu ngendlela ezi rhafu ezisebenza ngayo, apho zihamba khona, nendlela ezitshintsha ngayo inkqubo zichaphazela ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Kubafundisi- ntsapho nabafundi, ukuyiqonda irhafu karhulumente kubalulekile ingakumbi ngenxa yokuba imfundo ifumana inxalenye enkulu yale mali. Le ndlela inika ukujonga amandla asemva kwerhafu karhulumente, iindlela zabo zokuqokelela irhafu, impembelelo yabo kwimali yabo, kunye nemithetho yerhafu elawula irhafu.

Iyintoni Irhafu Karhulumente Yaye Ivela Phi?

Iirhafu zikarhulumente zizirhafu zemali ezinyanzelekileyo ezibekwa ngurhulumente kubantu ngabanye, kumashishini, nakwizinto eziphantsi kolawulo lwabo. Igunya elingokwasemthethweni lerhafu yerhafu lisuka kuMphetho-mda we-10 ukuya kumGaqo-siseko wase-U., ogcine amagunya anganikwanga urhulumente worhulumente kwilizwe. Umgaqo-siseko ngamnye wesizwe kunye nequmrhu lowiso-mthetho lichaza isakhiwo esikhethekileyo serhafu, amazinga, kunye nokungahlawuli okusebenza kwimida yawo.

Ingcamango yerhafu karhulumente iye yatshintsha kakhulu ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yerepublic. Kwinkulungwane ye-19, amazwe axhomekeke kakhulu kwirhafu yempahla nakwimisebenzi yesithethe. Ukuveliswa kwerhafu yemali karhulumente kwaqala eWisconsin ngo1911, kwaye ngeminyaka yee-1930, uninzi lwamazwe lwamkele uhlobo oluthile lwengeniso okanye irhafu yerhafu. Namhlanje, lonke ilizwe ngaphandle kwe-Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampre, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Texas, Washington, kunye neWyoming lifaka irhafumrhu yobuqu.

Iirhafu zikarhulumente zahlukile kwiirhafu zikarhulumente ngenjongo, umyinge, kunye nolawulo. Ngoxa iinkqubo zerhafu zesizwe zokhuselo, uKhuseleko lweNtlalo, nezibonelelo zentlalo, iinkonzo zerhafu zikarhulumente ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi babemi bemihla ngemihla, kuquka imfundo, ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, ezothutho, kunye neenkonzo zempilo.

Iintlobo Ezikhulu Zerhafu Karhulumente

Ukuqonda iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zerhafu karhulumente kunceda abemi babone indlela imithombo eyahlukahlukeneyo yengeniso edityaniswe ngayo ukuze baxhase iinkonzo zikawonke - wonke.

Irhafu Yobuqu

Irhafu yengeniso yomntu ngamnye yile-levy kwingeniso yabantu, kuquka imivuzo, imivuzo, ingeniso yotyalo-mali, kunye nengeniso yeshishini. Ama-odoli asebenzisa isantya esithe tyaba okanye isakhiwo seqondo elithe tye. Ngonyaka wama-2025, 11 amaphondo agcina irhafu yengeniso ebhaso elingqukuva ukusuka kwi-5,5% eColoradodo ukuya ku-4,99% eUtah. Izinga lokuhambela phambili lemivuzo yeKhalifoniya, i-Hawaii, neNew Jersey linyusa isantya esiphezulu kwimibambo ehlawulwa yi-13.3%.

IBhunga Lerhafu lichaza uthelekiso oluneengxelo zerhafu zemali karhulumente, lichaza ukuba xa kungekho rhafu yengeniso, irhafu eninzi ixhomekeke ekuthengisweni nasemfunqweni wempahla ukuze kuvezwe ingeniso elinganayo.

Irhafu

Irhafu ethengwayo yerhafu esetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kwintengo yempahla, kwezinye iindawo, iinkonzo. Umlinganiselo ophakathi werhafu karhulumente eUnited States umalunga ne-5,57%, kodwa oorhulumente basekuhlaleni badibanise irhafu yabo, izisa amanani adityanisiweyo ngaphezulu kwe-10% kwimimandla ethile enjengeChicago, i-Illinois, kunye nemimandla ye-Alabama.

Okuphawulekayo kukuba, amaphondo amahlanu (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire, kunye ne-Oregon) awanyanzelisi rhafu yezorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe. Noko ke, i-Alaska ivumela iirhafu zerhafu zasekuhlaleni, ngoxa ezinye zixhomekeke kwezinye imithombo yengeniso. Irhafu isebenza kwimpahla yobuqu ephathekayo kumaphondo amaninzi, kodwa ukuphathwa kweenkonzo kuyahluka kakhulu. Ezinye zinikela iinkonzo zerhafu njengomsebenzi osemthethweni okanye osemthethweni, ngoxa ezinye ziyazikhetha ngokupheleleyo.

Iimpahla namaziko enkonzo amanani athenjiwe yindawo ethandabuzayo yenkqubo yerhafu. Emva kwesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. 2018 kuMzantsi Dakota v.Wayfair, amaziko asenokufuna ukuba abathengisi bakhuphe irhafu yentengiso kwi-intanethi ukuze baphinde bayifumane baze bayifake kwakhona irhafu, becuthe ibala lokudlala ngamashishini ezitena neentsimbi.

Irhafu Yempahla

Irhafu yempahla ijongwa kwimizi yelizwe nangamanye amaxesha kwimpahla yobuqu, ngokusekelwe kwixabiso elithelekelelwayo lepropati. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banika irhafu yempahla, kodwa oorhulumente badla ngokumisela imilinganiselo yohlolo kunye nemilinganiselo yesantya. Iirhafu zempahla zingumthombo ophambili wemfundo yeK-12 kumazwe amaninzi, ziwenza ufaneleke ngqo kubafundisi nakubafundi.

Irhafu yepropati esebenzayo iyahluka-hluka ngokuphawulekayo kumazwe ahlukeneyo. I-New Jersey, i-Illinois, neNew Hampshire zinawona manani aphezulu asebenzayo, angaphezulu kakhulu kwe-2% yexabiso lempahla ngonyaka, ngelixa iHawaii, i-Alabama, neLouisiana zinexabiso elingaphantsi kwe 0.5%. Olu mahluko luchaphazela ukuhlawulwa kwezindlu, amanani abanini-makhaya, nomgangatho weenkonzo zasekuhlaleni.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwerhafu nerhafu ekhethekileyo

Iirhafu eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukunyusa ingeniso, utywala, utywala, icuba, icuba, irhafu yerhafu negalelo. Irhafu esetyenziswa kwirhafu yoohola bemali eninzi yokwakha nokuyigcina imali yerhafu ngokuyithemba kwimimandla emininzi. Irhafu ebizwa ngokuba yirhafu yesono, ivelisa ingeniso eninzi ngoxa izimisele ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemali eyingozi.

Kutshanje amaphondo aliqela aye avelisa irhafu ekhutshwayo kubenzi beopioid, iziselo ezineswekile, neengxowa zeplastiki njengezixhobo zenkqubo zokuthetha ngempilo yoluntu nenkxalabo yemekobume.

Irhafu Ehlawulwayo

Iirhafu zengeniso ehlawulwayo zisebenza kwingeniso yamashishini asebenza kwiphondo. Irhafu ehlawulwayo isuka ku-2.5% eMntla Carolina ukuya kwi11. Irejista yomlinganiselo we-11. Ii-ofisi ezininzi bezicutha irhafu yeshishini kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo ukuze zitsale utyalo lwezoshishino. Kodwa ke, iinkampani ezisebenzayo ezihlawula irhafu zidla ngokwahluka kakhulu kumlinganiselo wentengiso yezomthetho, iityala, kunye nokurhoxa.

Injongo Nengeniso Yerhafu Karhulumente

Ukuqonda indlela ehlawulwa ngayo irhafu kunceda abemi baluvo lokuba umthwalo wabo werhafu uhambelana naleyo bayifumanayo.

Ukubonelela ngeNkxaso yeDSD

Imfundo ifumana eyona ngeniso inkulu yerhafu karhulumente kumaphondo amaninzi. Ngokwe-avareji, amaphondo anikezela malunga ne-35% yeenkcitho zawo eziqhelekileyo kwimfundo yeK-12, kunye ne-10% eyongezelelekileyo yokuya kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Le nkxaso igubungela imivuzo yootitshala, izinto zeklasi, ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo zesikolo, ezothutho, kunye neenkqubo zemfundo ezikhethekileyo.

I- U.S. Censure Bureau inikela ingxelo yokuba iyonke imali echithwayo yemfundo kawonke-wonke ingaphezulu kwee-$80 000 zezigidi zezigidi ngonyaka, kunye namazwana anikela malunga nama-47% ale mali, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni 45%, kunye norhulumente wesizwe onemigangatho ephezulu yengeniso kunye nexabiso lempahla uthambeka ekuchitheni imali eninzi kumfundi ngamnye, nto leyo ebangela umgangatho wemfundo ongaphezulu kwiingingqi zoluntu.

ISebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko neMidlalo

IMedicaid, inkqubo ye-inshorensi yempilo yesizwe edityanisiweyo yabantu abahlawulwayo, imele uhlobo lwesibini olukhulu lokusetyenziswa kwemali karhulumente. Imali yemali emalunga nama-40% eendleko zeMedicaid, urhulumente egquma eziseleyo ngemali efanayo. Iindleko zezonyango zelifa lephondo ziquka amasebe ezempilo kawonke-wonke, iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, kunye neenkqubo zabantwana abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo.

Iinkonzo zentlalo-ntle yabantwana, ukunyanyekelwa, ukuncedwa kokutya, kunye neenkqubo zezindlu zifumana inkxaso eninzi karhulumente. Ezi nkqubo zidla ngokusetyenziswa ngurhulumente olungelelanisa imali, okuthetha ukuba irhafu karhulumente inegalelo elininzi

Izakhiwo Zezithuthi

Irhafu yelizwe ixhasa ukwakhiwa nokugcinwa kweendlela ezinkulu, iibhulorho, iinkqubo zothutho lukawonke-wonke, kunye neenqwelo-moya. Iirhafu zepetroli kunye neendleko zokubhalisa imoto zihamba kwimali yezothutho ezinikezelweyo, ziqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi benkqubo yezothutho banikela ngqo ekugcinweni kwayo. I-American Road kunye ne-Melika Coomerers Association imikhondo yemikhondo efunekayo efunekayo, iphawula ukuba abaninzi bajongane nezithuba zemali zerhafuthezo zerhaful-oyile njengoko ingeniso yerhafu ihla ngokuhambela phambili kwexabiso lepetroyile.

Ukhuseleko Loluntu Nezilungiso

Amapolisa aseburhulumenteni, oomatiloshe abalawula uhola-ndlela, iintolongo zeli lizwe kunye neenkundla zixhomekeke kwingeniso yerhafu karhulumente. Ukusetyenziswa kwemali kuxhaphake kakhulu kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idluleyo, amanye amazwe echitha imali eninzi kwiintolongo kunemfundo ephezulu. Iinkundla zikarhulumente zilungisa amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, iingxabano zoluntu, nemicimbi yezomthetho, ngokuyintloko zixhaswa ngemali ngerhafu karhulumente.

Ubuncwane Bemvelo Nokhuseleko Lokusingqongileyo

Iipaki zikarhulumente, ulawulo lwezilwanyana zasendle, ukujonga umgangatho wamanzi, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ungcoliso zifumana inkxaso-mali kwiirhafu zikarhulumente. Iindawo ezinika amandla asetyenziswayo zisebenzisa iirhafu ezihlawuliweyo kwi-oyile, igesi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwezimbiwa ukuxhasa imigudu yokucoceka nokulondolozwa kwemekobume.

Indlela Eqokelelwa Ngayo Irhafu Karhulumente

Ukuqokelelwa kwerhafu karhulumente kubandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi ezilungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthobelana ngoxa kuncitshiswa iindleko zolawulo. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kunceda ukuhlangabezana neembopheleleko zabo nokuphepha izigwebo.

Indlela yokuvala

Abaqeshi basebenza njengabameli abaphambili berhafu yerhafu karhulumente. Baye baqikelela ukuba imali yerhafu evela kwii-checks zemali yabaqeshwa baze bayifake ngqo kumasebe emali yengeniso karhulumente. Le nkqubo yemali ehlawulwayo inciphisa umthwalo kubaqeshwa ukulinganisela ngokwekota intlawulo kwaye inika urhulumente ngengeniso ethe rhoqo ukutyhubela unyaka wonke.

Urhulumente ozinzileyo iitafile zokutyela, ohlaziywe rhoqo ngonyaka ngokusekelwe kutshintsho lomthetho werhafu, gqiba ukuba imali erhoxisiweyo. Abaqeshwa bangalungisa ukugosa kwabo phakathi kweFomu W-4 okanye urhulumente olingana nokutyala izincomo, iityala, kunye nemeko exhomekeke kwi-ofisi.

Iqokelela Irhafu

Abaqokeleli berhafu baqokelela irhafu yentengiso kwinqanaba lokuthengiswa nokuyibuyisela kwisebe lengeniso yorhulumente, ngokwesindululo senyanga okanye sekota. Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo ngo-2018 savumela amazwe ukuba afune abathengisi abakude nabasebenzi bezorhwebo abafana ne-Amazon ukuqokelela irhafu, ngokuphawulekayo ukunyusa isiseko serhafu. Ngoku amaninzi amaphondo anemithetho yezoqoqosho efuna ukuba aphume kuthengiselwano lwamazwe aqokelele irhafuthengiso xa engaphezulu komthamo othile wentengiso okanye imali ethengiselwayo kwiphondo.

Ukhuthazo loqokelelo lwerhafu ngobugcisa luye lwanciphisa umthwalo wolawulo kumashishini. Iqonga le-software elidityaniswe neenkqubo zencopho zekhomputha ukubala irhafu echanekileyo ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwemveliso nakwidilesi yokuhambisa, kuquka namanani olawulo lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukucetyiswa Kwerhafu Yempahla

Abahloli bemihlaba bafumana amaxabiso eenjongo zerhafu kusetyenziswa ubuchule bokujonga irhafu, ubuchule bokuthengisela intengiso, kunye neempawu zempahla. Iindlela zokuvavanya ziyahluka ngokwemeko yesizwe, abanye besebenzisa imigangatho yexabiso lentengiso kunye nabanye besebenzisa umlinganiselo wohlolo lwemiphakamo. Abanini-mpahla banokukholelwa ukuba uvavanyo lwemihlaba aluchananga kwiibhodi zolawulo okanye kwiinkundla.

Amazwe amaninzi anika iinkqubo zoncedo lwerhafu yempahla kubantu abadala, amagqala, kunye nabahlali abafumana iindleko ezincinane ngentetho, iityala, okanye iinkqubo ezibambekayo. Isiko le-linn yeLand Policy[ ligcina ugcino-lwazi olubanzi kwiinkqubo zoncedo lwerhafu kwilizwe lonke.

Uqikelelo lwerhafu kubantu abazimeleyo

Abantu abaziqeshayo, abarhwebi abazizibonelelo, kunye nabenzi bokwakha abazimeleyo kufuneka bathelekelele irhafu yerhafu ngokwekota ukuhlawula irhafu yerhafu karhulumente. Le rhafu, ekufuneka ihlawule ngoAprili, Juni, Septemba, noJanuwari, ithintele izigwebo ezincinane ebezinokuhlawulwa ngenye indlela. I-IRS ikhupha izikhokelo ezithi ngokuqhelekileyo zimele iimfuno eziqikelelwa kwintlawulo.

Ukubuya kwerhafu kunye nophicotho-zincwadi

Irhafu yerhafu karhulumente, ebhaliswe minyaka le ngabantu ngabanye namashishini, ilungelelaniswa nentlawulo okanye ibhatalo eqikelelwayo ehlawulwa yirhafu ekhoyo. Amazwe amaninzi asebenzisa ingeniso elungelelanisiweyo yerhafu njengendawo yokuqala yokubala irhafu, aze asebenzise uhlengahlengiso olucacileyo lukarhulumente, iintengiso, kunye nemali-mboleko. Amasebe emali yemali karhulumente aqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi lokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa, esebenzisa imizekelo yemibaliso yerhafu kunye nogcino-data olungqinelana nokuchonga.

Impembelelo Yerhafu Karhulumente Kudonga Lwakho

Irhafu yezorhulumente ichaphazela ngqo iziphumo zemali yobuqu, ukusuka kwimivuzo yekhaya ukuya kwimali yokuhlala ukuya kwixabiso lentengo yemihla ngemihla. Ukuqonda ezi ziphumo kunceda ukucwangcisa kakuhle ngemali kunye nezigqibo ezithe kratya malunga nendawo yokuhlala nomsebenzi.

Irhafu Ehlawulwayo Nengeniso Engenakusetyenziswa

Irhafu ehlawulwayo ichaphazela ingeniso ecacileyo. Umqeshwa ofumana ii-$75,000 (R3,50) ngonyaka kwilizwe elinohlawulo oluthe tyaba lwerhafu yerhafu karhulumente, lo gama omnye umsebénzi kwilizwe elinohlawulizo lwerhafu ehlawula ii-R3,50%. Lo mahluko ungaxhasa iminikelo yomhlala-phantsi, imali egciniweyo yemfundo, okanye ezinye iinjongo zemali.

Iirhafu zengeniso karhulumente zikwasebenzisana nerhafu karhulumente. UMthetho weTsima neMisebenzi ka-2017 wabeka ityala lerhafu yephondo nelerhafu (SALT) yasekuhlaleni kwi-R9 000, ukwandisa umthwalo werhafu osebenzayo kubemi bamazwe aphezulu njengeKhalifoniya, New York, neNew Jersey.

Ukuthengisa Irhafu Nemali

Ukuthengiswa kwerhafu kwandisa indleko yempahla neenkonzo, ukunciphisa amandla okuthenga. Intsapho echitha ii-$40 000 ngonyaka kwizinto ezihlawulwa yirhafu kwilizwe elinolawulo lwe-7% ihlawula irhafu yemali exabisa ii-R2,800 kwirhafu yentengiso, ngoxa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwirhafu yemali ekwakumgangatho olinganayo nexabiso elizizizi-4% kufumana iziphumo ze-$1,500 kwirhafu. Ukubuyiselwa korhwebo kuthetha ukuba iintsapho ezihlawulwayo zisebenzise ipesenti ephezulu yengeniso yazo kule rhafu.

Iiholide zerhafu ezithengiswayo, ezinikezelwa ngumazwe amaninzi ukuthenga emva ukuya emva kwisikolo, ukulungiselela izinto zongxamiseko, okanye izixhobo ezisebenza ngamandla, zinika abathengi isiqabu sokwexeshana ngeli xesha zinika abathengi ukhuthazo lomsebenzi wezoqoqosho.

Iindleko Zerhafu Nezindlu

Iirhafu zempahla zimela indleko eqhubekayo engundoqo yendlu yomnini-khaya. Ikhaya elixabisa ii-R3 500 000 ngokulawula umlinganiselo osebenzayo werhafu yempahla lingenisa ii-$4,500 kwirhafu yonyaka, lo gama eli khaya linye kummandla weqondo le-0.5% lingenisa ii-R1,500 kuphela. Olu mahluko luchaphazela ukuhlawulwa kwemali yendlu yenyanga kunye nemali yemali yokuhlala.

Ingcamango yokurhwebelana ngerhafu yepropati yepropati icebisa ukuba amakhaya akwimimandla yerhafu ephezulu athengiselwa amaxabiso aphantsi, njengoko abathengi bengayihoyi irhafu yexesha elizayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba irhafu yepropati ichaphazela indleko yokuthenga ikhaya nexabiso lokulithenga.

Ukufuduka Kwerhafu Nokuziphatha Kwezoqoqosho

Uphando lubonisa ukuba iinkqubo zerhafu ziphembelela ukufuduka, izigqibo zendawo yoshishino, kunye nomgangatho worhwebo. Abantu abafumana imali ephezulu kunye namashishini basoloko besuka kwirhafu ephezulu baye kumazwe aphantsi, njengokuba kuboniswa yimisinga yabemi ukusuka eKhalifoniya naseTexas, eFlorida, naseTennessee. i-Facebox [[[FLTL:1] ikhupha imo-modeli yerhafu yoshishino yorhulumente yoshishino ehlaziyo ehlahlela indlela ingeniso echaphazela ngayo ukhuphiswano lwezoqoqosho.

Irhafu yeRhulumente kunye neNgxowa-mali yezemfundo: Unxulumano oluthe ngqo

Kubafundisi - ntsapho nabafundi, ulwalamano oluphakathi kwerhafu karhulumente nemfundo lubaluleke kakhulu.

Indlela Ingeniso Yerhafu Efikelela Ngayo Izikolo

Iinkqubo zemfundo yemali yephondo zimisela indlela ingeniso yerhafu esasazwa ngayo kwizikolo. Amazwe amaninzi asebenzisa iindlela zesiseko ezisekelwe kwinkxaso-mali nganye esekelwe kumanyano lwerhafu yempahla kunye noncedo lukarhulumente. Iinkqubo zokulungelelanisa irhafu zikhokelele imali eyongezelelekileyo kwimimandla enezinto eziphantsi, enenjongo yokunciphisa umahluko phakathi kwabantu abazizityebi nabangamahlwempu.

Ukumangalelwa kwemali kwesikolo kumaphondo amaninzi kuye kwalucelomngeni kwiinkqubo zemali ezingenakulinganiswa, kunye neenkundla ezikumaphondo anjenge-New Jersey, eKentucky, naseWashington eziyalela iindlu zowiso-mthetho ukuba ziguqule indlela yazo. La matyala abonisa imbopheleleko engokomGaqo-siseko yamazwe kufuneka alungiselele imali eyaneleyo nelinganayo yemfundo.

Iindleko Zokuthengisa Nomsebenzi Wootitshala

Imali yerhafu yemali yezorhwebo yephondo eyona nxalenye inkulu yoqingqo-mali yesikolo: iindleko zabasebenzi. Imivuzo yootitshala, imivuzo yabasebenzi yokuxhasa, iingenelo, neminikelo yomhlala-phantsi isebenzisa malunga nama-80% oqingqo-mali yesikolo. Amazwe anengeniso yerhafu ephezulu anokunikela intsebenziswano engakumbi, itsala kwaye igcine abafundisi-mfundo abafanelekayo.

INational Education Association ifumana imivuzo eqhelekileyo yootitshala ngokwesizwe, ityhila umahluko ophawulekayo ukusuka kwii-$90 000 eNew York ukuya ngaphantsi kwee-$50 000 eMississippi. Oku kwahluka kubonisa iindleko zokuphila nokuvuma kwamazwe ukuhlawula irhafu kwimfundo.

Ukuphucula Iikomkhulu Nobugcisa

Iirhafu zepropati kunye neenkqubo zokudityaniswa kweenkqubo zikarhulumente zixhasa ukwakhiwa kwezikolo, ukuhlaziywa, kunye nokuhlaziywa kobugcisa. Izikolo ezikumazwe akhulayo zifuna izakhiwo ezintsha, ngoxa iindawo ezalupheleyo kwimimandla emitsha zifuna ukuhlaziywa ngokutsha. Ukukwazi kwezikolo ukumanyaniswa kwentlawulo yekomkhulu kuxhomekeke kwisiseko sempahla yazo kunye neenkqubo zokuvunywa kwegunya.

Iinkqubo Neenkonzo Zabafundi Zesikolo

Ngaphandle kwemfundo ephambili, ingeniso yerhafu karhulumente ixhasa imidlalo yeembaleki, iinkqubo zobugcisa, iinkonzo zokunceda, iinkonzo zoqeqesho, imfundo ekhethekileyo, kunye neenkqubo zolwimi lwesiNgesi. Xa uqingqo-mali lukarhulumente lungafikeleleki, ezi nkqubo zisoloko zifumana amava aphantsi ngaphambi kokuba kufundiswe iklasi, nto leyo echaphazela amava emfundo apheleleyo.

Ukuqonda Ukutshintsha Kwemigaqo Yerhafu Nenkqubo

Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu karhulumente iyaqhubeka isebenza, isabela kwiimeko zezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko, nezobuzwe. Ukuhlala wazi ngezi nguqu kunceda abemi basekuhlaleni balindele iimpembelelo zemali yabo baze babe nenxaxheba kwiingxoxo zenkqubo.

Utshintsho Lwakutshanje Olubangelwa Yirhafu

Kule minyaka idlulileyo, iziphumo ezininzi eziphawulekayo ziye zaphawula inkqubo yerhafu karhulumente. Amaphondo amaninzi aye anciphisa okanye adiliza irhafu yerhafu ehlawulwayo ukuze atsale abemi namashishini. I-Arizona, i-Georgia, i-Iowa, neMississippi zonke zifudukele kwizakhiwo zerhafu yerhafu ebhatalwayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amanye amazwe aye andisa iziseko zerhafu ukuquka iinkonzo kunye neemveliso zamanani ukuqokelela ingeniso.

Ukhuphiswano lwerhafu phakathi kwamazwe luye lwakhula, ingakumbi kubangeni-mali abaphezulu namashishini ahambayo. Amazwe abamelwane basoloko besabelana ngeenguqu zerhafu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho amandla apho izigqibo zemithetho kummandla omnye zichaphazela ezinye.

Ukuhlawulwa kwerhafu ngamanani

Ukwanda kwe-ecommerce, umsebenzi okude, kunye neenkonzo zamanani zinyanzelekile ukuba zilungelelanise iinkqubo zazo zerhafu. Imithetho yentengiso yentengiso ifuna iqonga elifana ne-Amazon, i-ebay, kunye ne-Etssy ukuqokelela irhafu yorhwebo kubathengisi becandelo lesithathu. Irhafu yamanani isebenza kwi-software, iinkonzo eziqukuqelayo, kunye neencwadi. Iincwadi ezininzi zihlola okanye ziphumeza irhafumza okanye ziphumeze irhafumrhuza kwiintengiso zedata kunye nezibhengezo.

Umsebenzi okwenye indawo nerhafu kaRhulumente

Utshintsho lwe-COVID-19 lwesifo esibulalayo kumsebenzi okude lwadala imibuzo entsonkothileyo yerhafu. Abaqeshwa abahlala kwelinye ilizwe kodwa abaqeshi kwelinye ilizwe bangasebenza kwirhafu yabo bobabini abaqeshi. Amanye amazwe aye amkela ukunceda komqeshi wemithetho, abasebenzi abakude abasekelwe apho umqeshi wabo ebekwe khona kunokuba abe kwindawo abahlala kuyo abasebenzi. [[FLT: 0] Ingqungquthela yesizwe yeRhulumente iLegislatures[

Izicwangciso Ezisebenzisekayo Zokunyanzelisa Irhafu Karhulumente

Ukwazi isakhiwo nempembelelo yerhafu karhulumente kukhokelela kumaqhinga asebenzayo okunciphisa umthwalo werhafu ngoxa kuxhaswa iinkonzo zikawonke wonke eziyimfuneko.

Ukulungiselela Abantu Irhafu

Abantu bangalawula ukuchanabeka kwabo kwirhafu yombuso ngokwendlela ezininzi. Ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala nomsebenzi kunento ebalulekileyo, njengokuba iimeko zahluka kakhulu kumthwalo wonke werhafu. Ukuthenga izinto ezinkulu kwiiholide zerhafu kungakhupha imali encinane. Ukunikela kumatyala abekelwe irhafu emali ebhankini efana nogcino-mali lwemfundo yonyaka olungama-529 kunganikezela ngeentengiso zikarhulumente. Ukuhlawula irhafu xa kuvumelekile kunciphisa irhafu karhulumente kubanini-khaya nabanikeli bezezezezoncedo.

Ukuncedisana

Ukuqonda inkqubo yerhafu karhulumente kunika abemi amandla okuxhasa iinkqubo ezihambelana nemilinganiselo yabo. Ukunxulumana nabamisi-mthetho bakarhulumente, ukuba nenxaxheba ekuchongeni izindululo zikawonke-wonke kwizicelo zerhafu, nokuvota kurhulumente nakuchola impembelelo yemigaqo yerhafu. Umanyano lomfundisi- ntsapho, imibutho yootitshala-bafundisi-bafundisi-mfundo, kunye namaqela oonothwali-mthetho abasebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zerhafu zixhasa izikolo ngokwaneleyo.

Oovimba Bemfundo Abafanele Abafundisi

Ukuqonda indlela irhafu exhasa ngayo imivuzo yabo nemithombo yesikolo yesikolo kunokwenza abafundi badibane nemibandela yezemali nemibandela yezemali karhulumente.

Isiphelo

Iirhafu zikarhulumente zimela ngaphezu kwento efunekayo kwi-check yomrhumo okanye kwirisithi. Zisisiseko semali yemfundo yoluntu, izibonelelo, ukunyamekela impilo, kunye nokhuseleko. Kubafundisi- ntsapho nabafundi, ukuwaqonda amagunya asemva kwerhafu karhulumente kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuba imfundo ifumana izabelo ezinkulu kule mali. Ngokufumana iintlobo zerhafu karhulumente, indlela abaqokelelwa ngayo, impembelelo yabo kwimali yabo, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo elawulayo yezemali yoluntu, abami bangenza izigqibo zemali kunye nokuxhasa iinkqubo zerhafumfa exhasa ibutho labantu abachumayo. Unxulumano olungqalileyo phakathi kwemigaqo yerhafuthelo nomgangatho wemfundo lwemfundo lwenze olubalulekileyo kuye kwafuneka kuye nabani na othe nakwezikolo. Ukufundiswa ngeenguquko zerhafuthelo, ukungenelwa kwemiqatha yemiqatha yerhafuzo, nokuqonda inkciso ezingqothwayo kwiimeko zezo eziphambili kwiimeko zempilo ezilungele ukusetyenziswa koluntu noluntu.