Table of Contents

Umatshini Ontsonkothileyo Womgaqo - siseko Wamanye Amazwe AseMerika

Inkqubo yezorhwebo ye- ye-United States isebenza kwinkqubo entsonkothileyo yamalungiselelo, iinkqubo, kunye nezilangazelelo ezikhuphisanayo ezimisela indlela iMelika edibana ngayo namazwe aphantse abe ngama-200 emhlabeni wonke. Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zepalamente apho inkqubo yamanye amazwe inokuthi itshintshe ngokuphawulekayo koorhulumente abatsha, inkqubo ye-U.S idala ukuqhubeka nokuhlola nokulinganisela ngelixa ivumela ulawulo lomongameli kunye negalelo ledemo-demo-demokhrasi. Eli shishini laminyaka lezigidi ezingamashumi amahlanu anesi-50 000 lisebenzisa abantu abangaphezulu kwamawaka asixhenxe anesihlanu ezinto zonke ezisuka kwixabiso lepetroli ukuya kumbono yemfazwe noxolo. [UTLT] Indlela yomgaqo-mthetho wangaphandle wobuzwekazikazikazi iMelika ngexesha elinye ngethuba lokunganye.

Le nkqubo ayibandakanyeki kuphela kuMongameli kunye neSebe leSizwe, kodwa iNgqungquthela, abameli bobuntlola, abaxhasi bobukrelekrele, abaqiqeli, abacinga ngeetanki, amajelo eendaba, ekugqibeleni abantu baseMerika. Le matshini intsonkothileyo ivelisa iinkqubo ezichaphazela urhwebo lwehlabathi lonke oluxabisa izigidi zezigidi ezingama-5 (izigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi), kunye nonxulumano lwezobuzwe oluchaphazela yonke into ukusuka kwimozulu iguquka kwimibango. Emoyenzileyo, inkqubo yenzelwe ukuba ingabi nakuzibambana nto kwaye iqine, kodwa loo nto inokubangela ukuphendula nokuxabanana.

Isakhelo soMgaqo-siseko: Amandla ahlukeneyo ngoyilo

Umbono waBasunguli womgaqo-nkqubo wasemzini

UmGaqo-siseko wahlula ngabom amagunya omgaqo-siseko wamanye amazwe ukunqanda ubundlobongela kunye nokwenza izigqibo ngokungxama. Oku kwahlukana kudala oko uEdward Corwin akubiza ngokuba "lukhuphiswano lokulwa" phakathi kwamasebe, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo ezingundoqo zenkqubo yamanye amazwe zifuna ungquzulwano oluphangaleleyo ngeli lixa kuvumela ubhetyebhetye-bhetye ukwenzela ukusabela kwemeko yengxaki.

Amandla ePredifial (Antricle II):

  • Isebenza njengeNkulumbuso-iNkulumbuso yamajoni axhotyisiweyo
  • Izivumelwano zegunya
  • Ukumisela abameli (ngokuqinisekiswa kweNdlu yeeNtlanganiso)
  • Ukufumana abameli bamanye amazwe nokuqonda oorhulumente
  • Phumeza inkqubo yamazwe angaphandle kunye nonxulumano

Amandla oMlawuli (Indlela):

  • Yazisa imfazwe (engasetyenziswanga ukususela ngowe-1942, kodwa ihlala ingujongo olubalulekileyo)
  • Inkxaso-mali efanelekileyo yokuxhasa inkqubo yamanye amazwe
  • Ukuphelisa urhwebo lwamanye amazwe nokumisela amaphepha-mthetho
  • Izivumelwano ze Ranence (Inkonzo, iivoti ezimbini- 3)
  • Qinisekisa amadinga (i-Sente)
  • Ukulawula izenzo zolawulo ngokuva nokuphanda
  • ISebe linika abasemagunyeni abaphetheyo igunya

[[UMTL:0] Amandla eJudicial (Article III):

  • Ukutolika izivumelwano nomthetho karhulumente ochaphazela imicimbi yamanye amazwe
  • Imisebenzi yezolawulo
  • Ukulungisa iingxabano ezibandakanya amaqela asemzini
  • Chaza imida yomgaqo-siseko kuwo omabini amasebe

Le nkqubo yokwakha yezomgaqo-siseko yindawo ephambili yenkqubo yamanye amazwe ase-U.S. efuna intsebenziswano kwaye isoloko ivelisa uxinezeleko. Oomongameli banyanzela isantya nokuthamba; iBhunga lifuna ukwenziwa kweqhinga kunye nokumelwe. Ijaji inikela uvavanyo lokugqibela, nangona isoloko ibambelele amasebe ezobupolitika kwimicimbi yamanye amazwe.

I-Evolution iqheliselwa

Ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini, ulungelelwano lwamagunya ezinye iinkqubo luye lwatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo. Isebe eliphetheyo liye lafumana ulawulo ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano zolawulo oluphezulu (ngoku lingaphezu kwama-500 ngonyaka lithelekiswa nezivumelwano ezingama-20), ukukhula kwegunya lesizwe, kunye nendima kaMongameli njengenkokeli. IBhunga elingundoqo liphendule ngokuqinisa ulawulo, ukuvelisa iimfuno ezintsha zokuxela, kwaye lisebenzisa amandla okulungisa inkcubeko. Isigqibo semfazwe sephondo lowewaka lika-1979 sazama ukuphinda lizame ukuphinda liquququzelele i-ligile emva kwe-Vietnam, nangona impumelelo yalo isoloko ibambeneengxelo engundoqo yeNkundla enjenge [FLT:].[5] i-United States.[FLT] i-WFLD1] [196] iqinisekisa umongameli we-Pronsouni, ngexesha lobugrac.[5]

Abadlali abangundoqo

Isebe eliphetheyo: Eyokuqala kodwa Ayiphelelisi

UMongameli umi kumbindi womgaqo-nkqubo wamanye amazwe kodwa usebenza phakathi kwemiqathango:

[[UMTHL: 0] Idipisi enkulu ye-:

  • Icwangcisa jikelele indlela yomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle kunye nezinto eziphambili
  • Uthethano lobuqu neenkokeli zehlabathi kwiingqungquthela neentlanganiso
  • Izivumelwano ezi-59 (500+ izivumelwano zegunya eliphetheyo ngonyaka
  • Ukuqonda oorhulumente bamanye amazwe nokumisela ulwalamano
  • Ichitha ulwalamano oluphakathi koluntu xa uxinezeleko lusanda

[[UMGAQO- Umbindi- kwi- I-'[UMQONDISO:1]:

  • Imikhosi nemikhosi yamajoni
  • Amajoni axhobileyo ngaphandle kokubhengeza imfazwe (asetyenziswa eLibya, eSiriya, eSomalia)
  • Igcina izixhobo zenyukliya yaye igunyazisa ukuma okulungele ukunqanda ukunqongophala
  • Iza kuphendula xa kuhlaselwa naxa kukho umngcipheko obandakanya amajoni aseUnited States
  • Imisebenzi egqunyiweyo yokuhlola ngetsheyina lomyalelo

[[UMTLL: 0] Isigqeba sequmrhu :

  • Inika imiyalelo kwiqumrhu lezomthetho langaphandle kumacala amaninzi
  • Imiyalelo yabalawuli neMongameli woKhuseleko lweSizwe
  • Ukuphunyezwa kolawulo lwemibutho
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi weCandelo

Isebe Lelizwe: I-Arm eMidi

I- Indima yesebe lesizwe lamanye amazwe yendima yezomgaqo-nkqubo [ iquka uthethathethwano, iinkonzo zabemi, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo:

[[UMTL:0] Ukufikelela nokufikelela :

  • Abasebenzi abangama-75 000 ehlabathini lonke, kuquka iNkonzo yaMany
  • Amagunya angama - 270, amagunya, neentlanganiso zezobuzwe kumazwe ali - 195
  • Uqingqo-mali lwemali oluxabisa ii-R35 zamawaka ezigidi
  • Iibhulukhwe zengingqi (i-Europe, iMpuma Asia, kufutshane neMpuma njl.njl) kunye neebhureyi ezisebenzayo (i-Economic, ulawulo lwezixhobo njl.njl.)

Comment=Imisebenzi ye projekti

  • Ulawulo lwezokuziphatha kunye noluphicotho-zincwadi
  • Khusela abemi baseMerika baphesheya (izigidi ezisithoba zokufudusa kunye nabahambi)
  • Iimvume zokupapasha imibandela (izigidi) neepasis (izigidi ezingama - 20 ngonyaka)
  • Ukukhuthaza izilangazelelo zezoqoqosho, ushishino,
  • Imilinganiselo yedemokhrasi, amalungelo abantu, ulawulo lomthetho
  • Iinkqubo zoncedo zamazwe angaphandle ezilungelelanisiweyo (ii-$40 lamawaka ezigidi ngonyaka zilawulwa ngu-USAID phantsi kwegunya leRhulumente)
  • Ukulawula ulawulo lukawonke wonke ngokutshintshisana, iinkqubo zenkcubeko, nokubophana

[[UMTHETHO: 0] Unobhala welizwe[[UMKCU]:

  • Umgaqo-nkqubo oyintloko womongameli wamanye amazwe
  • Ilawula amaqumrhu enkcubeko kunye neNkonzo yeSebe
  • Imizobo yehlabathi lonke lase-U.S. kwiingqungquthela nakwingxoxo engundoqo
  • Okwesine kulandelelwano lomongameli
  • Ngokuqhelekileyo bahamba iikhilomitha ezingama - 100 000 qha ngonyaka ukuze badibane

Isebe Lokhuselo: Izixhobo zomkhosi

impembelelo yenkqubo yePntagon yangaphandle [ inwebeka kude ngaphaya kwemisebenzi yolo hlaselo:

[[UMTHL: 0] I-Diplomacy:

  • Intsebenziswano yokhuseleko namazwe angama- 140+ ngokuqeqesha, ngokuzilolonga, nangokukhuthaza
  • Ukuqhelisela umkhosi (100+ ngonyaka) okubonisa ukuzibophelela nokusebenzisana
  • Ukhuselo lweziqhoboshi kwii- embass zisebenza njengentsebenziswano egxekayo nelizwe elinomkhosi
  • Ukuqeqesha amajoni angaphandle kwizikolo zenkonzo kunye neenkqubo zezizwe ngezizwe
  • Intengiso yezixhobo ixabisa ii - R250 zamawaka ezigidi ngonyaka kuthengiso lomkhosi waMazwe angaphandle
  • Ukunceda abasebenzi kunye nemisebenzi yokunceda abafikelelwe ziintlekele ehlabathini lonke

[[UMTL:0] Iprojekti yokhuhlo-mandla:

  • 750+ izikolo zomkhosi kumazwe angama-80, kunye nezakhiwo ezijikelezayo
  • Izigidi ezi-1.3 zabasebenzi abasebenzayo abakwaziyo ukufikelela
  • Uqingqo-mali lonyaka lwezigidi ezingama-R370 (i-approx. 3.3%
  • 11 Amaqela athwala iinqwelo-moya anokuvelisa amandla naphi na
  • Isakhiwo somyalelo womhlaba wonke ngemiyalelo yolwaniso (I-EUCOM, I-INDOPACOM, i-CENTCOM, njl.njl.)

Umlinganiselo ocacileyo:

  • Ulawulo lwabemi ngonobhala woMkhosi kunye nabaphathi abamiselweyo
  • IiNtloko eziManyeneyo zinika amacebiso asemkhosini kodwa aziyaleli
  • Imikhosi yomkhosi iphumeza inkqubo kwaye inike ingxelo ngetsheyina
  • Ukulungelelanisana kwezinto okufunekayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi emikhulu

ISebe lezeMali nezorhwebo:

Izixhobo zezoqoqosho ziyinxalenye engundoqo yenkqubo yelizwe lasemzini. ISebe lezezimali linika izigwebo (nge-Ofisi yoLawulo lwaMazwe Angaphandle), lilawula inkqubo yezemali yehlabathi lonke, lize lithathe inxaxheba kwiBhunga leMali leMali leSinyathelo soMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMsebenzi wokuHlomelo, kunye neNgxokelelwano yamaGawula. ISebe lezorhwebo lijongelathisa ulawulo lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe (ngeSebe le-Bureauni le-Intellicreat and Security), likhuthaza ukurventiswa kwe-U. La masebe asebenza ngokusondelenenoRhulumente neBhunga loKhuselelo loKhuseleko loKhuseleko loMkhosi weSizwelo ukuba liququluko loLuntu lokuququzelela ushishino lwezelo loLuntu loLuntu loLuselelo loLuselelo loLuselelo loLuselelo loLuselelo loLuselelo loLuselelo

Uluntu Oluneenkcubeko: Uphando Olufihlakeleyo

Amasebe angenisa ingeniso kwinkqubo yangaphandle anika ulwazi nohlalutyo olusisiseko sokwenza izigqibo:

[[UMTL: 0] Iqhosha lenjongo ezithile:

  • CIA: ubulumko bomntu, imisebenzi egqumayo ($15 amawaka ezigidi zoqingqo-mali)
  • ` i-NSA: ingqina ubukrelekrele, ukhuseleko lwekhompyutha, kunye nesiqinisekiso senkcazelo
  • [[UMTL:0]DIA: ubulumko bomkhosi obuxhasa ukunyanzeleka nokucwangcisa
  • Isimo se-IR: ubulumko bobuntlola obudityanisiweyo obunika uhlalutyo lwezobupolitika
  • NGHA: Ubuchule be-Geospatitial obuvela kwisatellite kunye nemvelaphi yokuzoba
  • IPFBI, iDHS, iDOE, iDEA, kunye nezinye iinxalenye zobuntlola beziko

[[UMTHLL: 0] Imisebenzi[[UMGAQO 1]:

  • Nika isilumkiso esifanelekileyo ngezisongelo ezivelayo (izihlolo, iimvavanyo zenyukliya, neengxaki zobupolitika)
  • Ukuxhasa uthethwano olunobuchule kwimiqathango enxulumeneyo
  • Izivumelwano zokulawula imfazwe
  • Izenzo zokuziphatha ezifihlayo njengoko ziyalelwe nguMongameli (kufuneka zibe kwiBhunga loKhuseleko lweSizwe)
  • Ukuphikisa ukusebenza kobulumko bamanye amazwe kumhlaba waseUnited States naphesheya
  • Amaqhinga asongela abantu kwezopolitiko, kwezoqoqosho, emkhosini nakwezekhompyutha

[[UMTLL: 0] Ifushaniso yemihla ngemihla[[UMTLL: 1]:

  • IDaily Brief (PDB) - eyona mpapasho yokwahlulwa kuphela
  • Uxwebhu lwamaphepha angama-30-40 olulungiselelwe yi-Ofisi yoMlawuli weSizwe
  • Iguqula ukwenza izigqibo imihla ngemihla kwi-White House modelie gumbi
  • Kwanabasemagunyeni abaphezulu ababekelwe inani elisikelwe umda

IBhunga loKhuseleko lweSizwe: Umgaqo-nkqubo oququzelelayo

Inkqubo ye-NSC yangaphandle idibanisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo ngaphaya kwesebe eliphetheyo:

[[UMTL: 0] Ityhwethezeko:

  • Isalathisi sokhuseleko lwesizwe (akukho siqinisekiso seNdlu yeQela esifunekayo)
  • Abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo abaququzelelwe ukuba babe ngabalawuli
  • IKomiti yoPhuhliso-zincwadi ilawula ukuphunyezwa
  • IKomiti yeeNkcukacha kwicandelo lomgangatho wekhabhinethi isombulula iimbambano ezingundoqo
  • Intlanganiso ze-NSC ezipheleleyo eziphethwe nguMongameli

[[UMTHLL: 0] Imisebenzi[[UMGAQO 1]:

  • Iququzelela phakathi kwamasebe ukuqinisekisa unxulumano lwenkqubo
  • Iindlela ezinokukhethwa zomgaqo-nkqubo wokuphuhlisa kwaye zinikelwe kuMongameli
  • Ukulawulwa kwempendulo yemeko
  • Ukufezekisa izigqibo zomongameli ngomthetho
  • Ukulungisa iingxabano phakathi kwabantu ngaphambi kokuba zibe ziingxaki

Indima Yengqungquthela: Elinye Isebe

Amandla Omthetho Aqheliselayo

Iqela lomgaqo-nkqubo wamanye amazwe ngemisebenzi emininzi egqitha kakhulu kwicebiso nemvume:

[[UMTHL: 0] Ukufuduswa kunye nokuququzelelwa [[UMTL:1]:

  • Lungisa iinkqubo kunye nokuchitha imigangatho kwiindleko zogunyaziso zaminyaka le
  • Imali efanelekileyo (inkqubo yenyathelo elibini: ugunyaziso ngoko lunikezelo)
  • Imali yokuphawula ngeenjongo ezithile, enciphisa ububhetyebhetye
  • Imali esetyenziswayo ukuphembelela iziphumo zenkqubo (umz., ukulinganisela ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo)
  • Imali eyongezelelekileyo yokuxhasa iintlekele (iimfazwe, iintlekele, iimbacu)

[[UMTHETHO: 0] Udidi lweManuirs[[UMKL: 1]:

  • Isigqibo samaGunya emfazwe (1973) sifuna ingxelo kunye nemida yomkhosi
  • I-Asmed Transport Act inika ingcebiso yosuku lwama-30 lokuthengiswa kwezixhobo ezikhulu
  • Iimeko zoncedo lwangaphandle (umz., imiqathango yoncedo kwabo baphula amalungelo abantu)
  • Umthetho wokucoca (umz., Iran noMntla Korea)
  • Igunya lokukhuthaza urhwebo (umzila okhawulezayo wezivumelwano zorhwebo)

Comment=Imisebenzi esebenzayo ye PNG/ FLT :

  • I-R000+ ukuchongwa nyaka ngamnye kumgaqo-nkqubo wamanye amazwe nokhuseleko lwesizwe
  • Uphando lwezenzo zolawulo ngeekomiti nabasebenzi
  • Kufuneka iingxelo (5 000+ ngonyaka) ngomthetho nangezicelo zeekomiti
  • Amangqina namaxwebhu avela kumaqumrhu aphetheyo
  • Ukunikwa kwemiba efutshane (ngokufuthi kubangela ukuvuza nengxoxo)

IiKomiti eziPhambili zeQumrhu

[[UMTL:0] Icandelo leeKomiti zenkonzo:

  • Ii-Ialations: Iingcebiso, ii-odominication, umthetho, ulawulo, ulawulo
  • IiNkonzo zokuxhotyiswa: inkqubo yokhuselo, imisebenzi yomkhosi, abasebenzi
  • Iintelgece: imisebenzi egqunyiweyo, iinkqubo zobuntlola, uqingqo-mali
  • I-APPROP: Yonke imisebenzi yamanye amazwe kunye nenkxaso-mali yokhuselo

[[UMTHETHO: 0] IiKomiti zendlu :

  • [[UMTL:0] Imicimbi yamanye amazwe: Umthetho, ulawulo, izigunyaziso
  • IiNkonzo zokuxhobisa: ugunyaziso kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wokhuselo
  • Iintelligece: uphakamiso lobuntlola nogunyaziso
  • [[UMKCUBO: 0] Uguqulo[[FT:1]: ukuxhasa iindleko kuzo zonke izinto zangaphandle

Zombini ezi gumbi zikwanempembelelo kwindlela yokuziphatha yamanye amazwe ngocwangciso lomgangatho kunye nokuthumela imiyalezo ngokukhetha.

Uxinezeleko lwequmrhu

uququzelela iimpikiswano zomgaqo-nkqubo wamanye amazwe ulonge isihlenga sombuso wangoku waseMelika:

  • amagunya emfazwe: abalawuli bathi banegunya elingokwemvelo lomGaqo-siseko lokusebenzisa amandla; iiBhunga ziqinisekisa okuphela kwamandla azo ukuvakalisa imfazwe
  • Izivumelwano zempumelelo: Uqinisekiso lwesivumelwano se-pass, olukhokelela kwimigudu yombutho ukugunyazisa ukunika ingxelo nokubandakanywa
  • Imisebenzi yeInterligence: iimfuno zokwazisa (umz., inyathelo lokwenz'oukufumana) vs. ukhuseleko olusebenzayo
  • Intengiso yentengiso : uhlolo lwentlanganiso yamaxesha. Umnqweno womongameli wobugxwayiba bobuzwe ngexesha elililo
  • Uthutho: Iimfuno zomthetho zilinganisela iinketho zolawulo lobuzwe; oomongameli bafuna igunya lokungalawuleki

Inkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo wasemzini: Ukusuka kwiNqanawa ukuya ekuzalisekiseni

Ukubona Iingxaki Nokuzinzisa Iagenda

[[UMTL:0] Hayi indlela evela ngayo imiba yezomthetho yangaphandle kucwangciso lwesizwe:

[[UMTLL: 0] Inkcukumiso yendlela yenqanawa [[FTL:1]:

  • Iingxaki zamazwe ngamazwe (iimfazwe, ukubhukuqa, iintlekele, izifo ezibulalayo)
  • Ukuhlaselwa kwamaMerika okanye kwe-U.S.
  • Izicelo zomanyano zoncedo okanye ungenelelo
  • Ukungalungelelani kwezoqoqosho (ixabiso lepetroli, iingxaki zemali)
  • Iingozi ezingxamisekileyo (iifamine, iinyikima, ukungena kweembacu)
  • Isivumelwano esifuna ukuphendula

[[UMTL: 0] Abaqhubi be-Internal:

  • Imiyalelo egunyazisiweyo evela kumaphulo (umz. "uxolo ngamandla" okanye "uxolo nehlabathi")
  • Ingcinezelo yeqela elinomdla (AIPAC, Amalungelo Abantu, iCandelo lorhwebo lase-U.S.)
  • Ingxelo yamajelo eendaba (CNN iziphumo zokuqhuba ungxamiseko lokwenene)
  • Utshintsho loluvo lukawonke-wonke lujoliswe
  • Inyathelo elithatyathwe kwingqungquthela (ukuveliswa, amatyala, izigqibo)
  • I-Ougaritacrates ephuma kumaqumrhu afuna ubuncwane okanye imisebenzi

Inkqubo yoPhuhliso loMgaqo-nkqubo

[[UMTL: 0] Inkqubo yokudibana kwizigqibo ezinkulu ezilandela olu landelelwano:

  1. Uphawulo olululo (Iintsuku 1-3): Uhlolo lobuntlola, iintsontelo zentsimbi zeSebe leRhulumente, iingxelo zomkhosi, ukuchongwa kwejelo-ndaba kugxininisa ingxaki.
  2. [[UMTL: 0] Impinda yeNkqutyana yeNqaku (Iintsuku 4- 10): Amaqela asebenzayo avela kwilizwe, ukhuselo, iCIA, iTreator, kunye namanye amasebe anxulumeneyo aqokelelwe ukuvelisa ukhetho kunye nohlolo olusemthethweni.
  3. IKomiti yeeLwimi (Iintsuku 11-15]: isekela loonobhala bezonke iindlela zokucoca, bachonge ukungavisisani okungalungiswanga, kwaye benze iinkcazo zexabiso kunye nohlolo lomngcipheko.
  4. [[UMTL:0] IKomiti yePrincipals (Iintsuku 16-20): Amagosa omgangatho weKhabhinethi ahlola ukhetho lokugqibela, enza ucwangciso olulungeleleneyo, kwaye alungiselela uncomelo loMongameli.
  5. Isigqibo esiPhosayo [Usuku 21+]: Intlanganiso ye-NSC noMongameli, ingxoxo ngeenketho, indlela yokugqibela, kunye nokunikwa uphando kweMonitorali woKhuseleko lwesizwe ukuze kuphunyezwe.

Oku kuhlasela okukhawulezileyo kukhawulezisa ngokuphawulekayo kwiingxaki. Xa uhlaselo lwe-9/11 lwenzeka, kwenziwa izigqibo ngeeyure. Isifo se-Ebola sonyaka-14 safuna umanyano olukhawulezileyo ukuze kuthunyelwe ii-asethi zezamayeza nezezonxibelelwano.

Ukusebenzisa Ucelomngeni

Isizathu sokuba ukwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo wamanye amazwe kusoloko kusilela:

  • ukuxhathisa kweBhureaucrates: Imisebenzi ikhusela ithumbu noqingqo-mali, ukhokelo oluhamba kancinci
  • Umthombo wemiqathango: Imali engonelanga, abasebenzi, okanye uqeqesho lweenjongo ezifuna intlawulo
  • Intsebenziswano eyahlukeneyo: impumelelo yomgaqo-nkqubo isoloko ixhomekeke kwizenzo zamanye amazwe
  • Inkcaso eCwangcisiweyo: ukuxhathisa kukawonke-wonke okanye kombutho wekomkhulu kungayiphazamisa inkqubo
  • Iziphumo ezingalindelekanga: Iinkqubo ezizinzileyo zivelisa iziphumo ezingalindelekanga (umz., ingqeqesho elimaza abemi kunabo basemagunyeni)
  • Uluvo lwexesha: Iinjongo zexesha elide (unyuselo lolawulo, inkqubela-phambili) zingqubana neengcinezelo zexesha elifutshane

Izixhobo zomgaqo-nkqubo waMalizwe angaphandle aseMerika

Izixhobo Ezidityanisiweyo

[[ULWENKCIT: 0] Ulawulo lwezonyaka lusasele sisixhobo esingundoqo:

  • Ingxoxo yezopolitiko kunye neenkcitho zezopolitiko
  • Ii-fourmes eziziphindaphindayo (UN, NATO, G7, G20, WTO)
  • Iintlanganiso zeNtlanganiso phakathi kweentloko zikarhulumente
  • Ukulandelela ulawulo lwesibini kwiziqhagamshelanisi ezingezo ezendalo
  • Iinkqubo zenkcubeko kunye neenkqubo zemfundo (Inkqubo yeNkcubeko yeNtlalo-ntle yeNtlanganiso yeeNtlanganiso)
  • Unxibelelwano lukawonke-wonke ngezixhobo zekhompyutha, imigangatho yentlalo,

Modeln zixhobo zonxibelelwano zelizwe[[FLT: 1] zandisa isixhobo sesixhobo:

  • Ukuqhubana kwamanani ngomanyano lwezentlalo kunye neentlanganiso
  • Imali, urhwebo, kunye notyalo-mali
  • Ukuqhubana nemozulu (iingxoxo zokukhutshwa kwegesi, ukuhambelana nemali)
  • Ulawulo lwempilo (PEPFAR, ukhuseleko lwempilo yehlabathi)
  • Ulawulo lwezenzululwazi (intsebenziswano eziphengululiweyo, intsebenziswano yesithuba)
  • Imicimbi yemidlalo (IiOlympic,

Ukunqongophala kwezoqoqosho

[[UMTL:0] Izixhobo zezoqoqosho ezikhutshwayo zifake intsebenziswano:

  • Uncedo lwangaphandle (ii-R34 zamawaka ezigidi ngonyaka ukuya kutsho kwiUSAID, i-MCC, ne-Rhulumente)
  • Izivumelwano zorhwebo (14 iiFTA ezisebenzayo kuquka iUSMCA)
  • Izivumelwano zokonga ezikhusela iinkampani zaseUnited States kumazwe angaphandle
  • Imali-mali yophuhliso (imali-mboleko yeDFC kunye neziqinisekiso)
  • Ukuhlangulwa kwamatyala (Ingxoxo yeKlabhu yeParis)
  • Uncedo lobugcisa (umthetho, umthetho, iinkqubo zempilo)

[[UMTL:0] Izixhobo zezoqoqosho ezizizo ezizizo zinyanzela okanye zithintele ukuziphatha:

  • Isigwebo Esincomelayo (Iran, umNtla Korea, eSiriya, eCuba)
  • Ukujoliswa kwengqwalaselo ephambili (abantu kunye namaqumrhu amiselwe ubugrogrisi, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamalungelo abantu)
  • Imiqathango yorhwebo (iirejista, iireyithi, kunye nokuvalwa komsebenzi)
  • Ukuzikhetha ngokwemali (ukunciphisa ukufumaneka kwenkqubo yeedola zaseUnited States)
  • Ulawulo lobugcisa bokurhweba ngaphandle (Uluhlu lweZiko lwezombane ezincinci, ubugcisa bomkhosi)
  • Isalathisi soMsebenzi weNkqubo yeNkqubo

Izixhobo zomkhosi

Iqela lezixhobo zomkhosi ezinokukhethwa ezisetyenziselwa ukuqhubela phambili inkqubo yasemzini:

  • I-Deterrence: Ubathathu owenyukliya kunye nemikhosi yemfazwe eqhelekileyo yexabiso lohlaselo
  • Imposiso ye projekti ye projekti
  • Intsebenziswano yokhuseleko: uqeqesho, imithambo, kunye nokuthengiswa kwezixhobo kumaqabane
  • Bonisa amandla: Ukuthwala ulwando, ukubhabha kweebhombu, imithambo yamalungu
  • [[UMTL:0] Isehlo esidityanisiweyo: I-Cruise isixhobo esiphehliweyo kunye ne-drone ihlasela ngokuchasene namaxhoba athile
  • Imisebenzi ekhethekileyo : Imibutho ephakathi kwe-Raids, ukuhlangula abathinjwa, iinkonzo zobuphekula
  • Imisebenzi ye- `````I-FLT'''''''.: ungenelelo olukhulu- olusikali olufana ne Iraq ne Afghanistan.

Ulwazi Nempembelelo

[[FLT: 0] Isalathisi somsinga wamandla [[FLT: 1] simila iimbono zomhlaba:

  • I-Drokucas (IVoice of America, Unomathotholo Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Unomathotholo
  • Iintlawulo zemfundo (Iinkqubo zeNkcubeko, iGilman, iHumphrey)
  • Iinkqubo zenkcubeko (iiMelika, imiboniso yezobugcisa,
  • Ukudityaniswa kwamajelo oNxulumano neMidlalo
  • Imigudu yokuphikisa ulwazi (Iziko loQiniselwano lweNkcubeko yeNkcubeko yomhlaba wonke)
  • Uthungelwano olucwangcisiweyo oludityaniswe nemisebenzi yezobuzwe neyomkhosi

Iimfundiso ezinkulu zemithetho yamazwe angaphandle

Imfundiso Yembali

Iindlela ezisisiseko eziqhubeka ziphembelela iingxoxo zenkqubo:

  • Imfundiso yeMonroe (1823): Yavakalisa iNtshona yeIkhweyitha ingqukuva yempembelelo yase U.S., ilumkisa abantu baseYurophu nxamnye nokwenziwa kwamarhamncwa
  • Ingcango evulekileyo (199): Ifuna unikezelo olulinganayo lwezorhwebo eTshayina, kamva isetyenziswa emhlabeni wonke
  • wilsonianism (1918): Imbono yedemokhrasi, ukuzigqibela, ukhuseleko olumanyeneyo ngoManyano lwezizwe
  • Inkcazo (1947): inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokunciphisa ulwando lweSoviet ngezivumelwano, uncedo lwezoqoqosho, kunye nokuzilungiselela komkhosi
  • [[UMTL:0] détente (1969): Ukuncitshiswa koxaso neUSSR ngolawulo lwezixhobo kunye nolawulo lolawulo lwezixhobo kunye nolawulo
  • Reagan Doctrine (1985): ubukhomanisi beRolback ngokuxhasa amajoni achasene ne-regime ehlabathini lonke

Ubuchule

Iindlela zemfazwe zasemva kobudala zibonisa ukutshintsha kwentshukumo zomhlaba wonke:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ulwandiso nokwandisa (Clinton): Yandisa ulawulo lwedemokhrasi kunye nezorhwebo
  • Imfundiso ebukhali (2002): Uhlaselo oluzizizinzo, ubundilele, kunye nokukhuthazwa kwedemokhrasi
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imfundiso engu-Oma (2010-2014: Umninzi wolawulo, ukunqanda, "ukukhokela ukusuka ngasemva" eLibya
  • I-America Kuqala (Trump): uluvo lobuzwe, uthengiso lungakukholelwa ukudibana kunye namaziko amaninzi
  • [[UMTL:0] Inkqubo yolunye ulwimi yodidi oluphakathi (I-biden): Ukumisa idemokhrasi vs. ulawulo-masipala, ukuqinisa izivumelwano, ukusingatha imiba yezoqoqosho yasekhaya ngorhwebo nangoshishino kunye noshishino

Iinethwekhi ezinempembelelo ngaphaya korhulumente

Cinga Ngemiqaba Nenethwekhi Yenkqubo

Impembelelo yetanki kwinkqubo yamanye amazwe ibalulekile. Amaqumrhu amakhulu aquka iBhunga elikwiMany Relations (amalungu angamashumi amahlanu), iBrookings, iLifa, iRAND, iCarnegie, kunye neAmerican Enterprise Institute. Anika ubuchule benkqubo, anike abasebenzi abaphezulu bakarhulumente, alungise ingxoxo kawonke-wonke wonke ngeengxelo nangembonakalo yoondaba, anika ii-mentente zobundilele ukwenzela ingxoxo, kunye nonxibelelwano lwendlela yesibini kunye nonxulumano lwamanye amazwe.

Amaqela Anomdla Nokuzifica

Inkqubo yamazwe angaphandle imela ii-500+ zigidi zezigidi ngonyaka eWashington. Amaqela angundoqo aquka i-lobby (AAIPAC yamaSirayeli, amaqela aseCuba-American), amaqumrhu ezoshishino (iCandelo leSizwe, iKhomishini yeSizwe yoMemo-mboni), imibutho yamalungelo abantu (Amnety International, Human Rights Watch), iintsebenziswano zokuzikhusela (i-Rhover Martin, i-Boeling), oorhulumente bangaphandle (ngeenkonzo ezibhaliswe), namaqela onqulo (iNgqungquthela yeeBhishophu zamaKatolika). Impembelelo yabo iquka iphulo-phulo, ukukhuthaza, amajelo okuphatha iinkonzo, amasebe, iintlanganiso zabagcubachola-oths besebe, kunye nemiboniso-othodolo.

Uluvo Lwamajelo Ondaba Noluntu

Indima yamajelo eendaba kwimiba yamanye amazwe iphindiwe. I-Agenda-set imisela ukuba zeziphi iimeko eziyingozi ezamkela uqwalaselo lwesizwe. Ukumila kokuchaza indlela uluntu oluziqonda ngayo iimbambano. Isiphumo seCNN sidala uxinzelelo lokwenene lwexesha lokwenza umsebenzi woluntu. Ingxelo yetyala ityhila imigaqo-nkqubo yemfihlo (umz., i-NSAUS ukujonga iziphumo zentlekele, ukubetha iinkqubo zengxaki zoluvo, ukungqubana kwemiqathango yolwazi, kunye nemfazwe yolwazi yamanye amazwe abadlali ezama ukutshintsha uluvo lukawonke. Uluvo lukawonke luthintela ungenelo lwemikhosi (njengoko kubonwe eSomaliya nase Iraq), iziphumo zonyulo, izikhundla, izikhundla zobunganiso, zichaphazela unxulumano, kunye nokugqiba amandla okuhlala komsebenzi.

Iingxaki Nempikiswano

Ucelomngeni Lwezakhiwo

Imiba yenkqubo echaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yangaphandle yase-U.S.:

  • Parisan polantium: I-rosation of bipartisan uvumelwano kwimiba yesiseko somgaqo-siseko wamanye amazwe
  • Igunya eliphakathi : Iingqungquthela zisoloko zichaza indima yazo yesiseko somgaqo-siseko, ikhokelela kulawulo lomlawuli
  • UBureaucratic interea: Ukuxhathisa ukutshintsha kwimiba ebekwe kwisiseko somsebenzi neenkqubo
  • Ubuninzi bolwazi: ukuntsonkotha ukwenza izigqibo ngexesha lolwazi oluzingisileyo
  • Utshintsho olukhawulezayo lwezobugcisa: Izintlu ezizabalazela ukugcina isantya kunye nekhompyutha, i-Al, kunye nophuhliso lwesithuba
  • umthombo wemiqathango: Iinjongo ezizizo ezingqubanayo nemida engqubanayo kunye nezinto eziphambili zasekhaya

Impikiswano Zangoku

Ingxaki enkulu yokwahlula abenzi benkqubo neengcaphephe:

  • Ukhuphiswano olukhulu lukagesi luphazamisana.
  • Ukukhuthaza ulawulo-melo nge-v. ukwamkelwa koorhulumente bolawulo loburhulumente
  • Ukungenelela komkhosi. Ukuthintelwa kuMbindi Mpuma naseAfrika
  • Ukungalandeli mithetho-siseko. Ukusetyenziswa kwezithethe ezininzi: ixabiso lamaziko
  • Ukukhusela urhwebo.
  • Ukuhamba kwemozulu kuyatshintsha.

Iimbambano Ezimandundu

Imida emitsha kumgaqo-nkqubo wamanye amazwe oya kufuna iinkqubo ezilungelelaniswayo:

  • Imfazwe yeCyber kunye nokunqanda (umnikelo, izithethe, amandla okuhlasela)
  • Umkhosi wesithuba kunye norhwebo
  • Ukhuphiswano lobuchule nolawulo
  • Ukulungiselela ukhuseleko lwempilo lwehlabathi
  • Ukhuseleko lwemozulu (ukufuduka, iimfazwe zoovimba, unxibelelwano lwentlekele)
  • Ulawulo lweendawo ezihlala kuzo kunye neengxaki zeembacu
  • Ukubonelela ngobuchule bokuzinzisa nokuncitshiswa kwezoqoqosho

Indlela Umgaqo - siseko Wasemzini Obuchaphazela Ngayo Ubomi Bemihla Ngemihla

Imiphumo Yezoqoqosho

Izigqibo zenkqubo yamazwe angaphandle zilolonga ngqo iziphumo zezoqoqosho kwiintsapho zaseMelika. Inkqubo yorhwebo imisela amaxabiso ezinto ezithengwayo ukusuka kwimpahla ukuya kwii-elektroniki. Inkqubo yamandla achaphazela iindleko zepetroli nombane. Inkqubo yemali iphembelela amandla e-aR3, ichaphazela iindleko zokungeniswa kwemali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali yokuhamba. Imithetho yokuveliswa kwemali ichaphazela ukugcinwa komhlala phantsi komsebenzi woshishino. Ukungangeniswa kwemali evenkileni kuchaphazela amathuba oshishino kunye nongenelo lobugcisa kwiinkampani nabathengi.

Impembelelo Yokhuseleko

Inkqubo yamazwe asemzini ichaphazela ukhuseleko lobuqu ngokuzama ukukhusela ubugrogrisi, imilinganiselo yokhuseleko, ukukhusela ikhompyutha, ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwenyukliya nokungatshati, izibophelelo ezisenokufuna ukuba kwenziwe emkhosini, kunye nokusetyenziswa komkhosi okunokuchaphazela imilinganiselo yokuziphatha nezoqoqosho ezisezikweni ezikufuphi.

Impembelelo yeNkcubeko neyoNtlalo

Inkqubo yamazwe angaphandle iphembelela amanqanaba okufuduka kunye neenguqu, ukutshintshisana ngemfundo okubangela abafundi behlabathi lonke bafumane izikolo, iinkqubo zenkcubeko kunye nokufikelela kobugcisa bamanye amazwe, imeko-lwazi enobuqhetseba bamanye amazwe, amathuba okuhamba kunye nemiqathango ye-visa, kunye nodumo lwehlabathi lonke lwamaMelika, nto leyo echaphazela indlela amaMerika aphathwa ngayo kwamanye amazwe.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kumgaqo - siseko Wasemzini

Ukuba Ngummi Ongummi

Abami bangaphembelela inkqubo yamanye amazwe ngemijelo emininzi. Ukuxhasa iiprojekthi zotshintshiselwano nokubandakanya abameli ngeemfuno zamazwe ngamazwe kungaguqula amavoti. Ukuthelelana nemibutho yolawulo lobugxwayiba kudibanisa amalizwi abantu ngabanye. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo zikawonke-wonke kwimibutho ye-op, iiholo zedolophu, okanye ukumila kwentetho yezentlalo-ntle. Ukuxhasa iinkqubo zotshintshiselwano kunye nokubandakanyeka kunxibelelwano lwabemi xa behamba okanye bemema iindwendwe zezizwe ngezizwe zonke kunikela igalelo.

Amathuba Okusebenza

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezoshishino wamazwe angaphandle uquka iSebe leNkonzo yeMasipala (Isebe Lesizwe), amaqumrhu ajongene nobuchule (CIA, NSA), inkonzo yomkhosi, inkqubela-phambili yehlabathi lonke (USAID, Uxolo Corps), iingcamango zeenqanawa zokulwa namaqumrhu ophando, iijenali namajelo eendaba achaza imicimbi yezizwe ngezizwe, iiNGO nengeniso ezingancedisiyo kumalungelo abantu, inkqubela-ntle okanye imekobume, kunye noshishino lwezizwe ngezizwe olufuna ukuqonda kwezobupolitika.

Isiphelo: Idemokhrasi Nolawulo - melo Kwihlabathi Elinentsebenziswano

Inkqubo yenkqubo ye-US yangaphandle imela uxoxiso oluqhubekayo phakathi kweenjongo zedemokhrasi kunye neemfuno eziyimfuneko, phakathi kwamasebe amaninzi karhulumente namaqela angenakubalwa nomdla, phakathi kwamaxabiso eMelika nezinto ezikhoyo zehlabathi. Le matshini intsonkothileyo, ngelixa icotha kwaye iphikisana, ibonakalisa umbono wabaseki wokuthintela izenzo ezingxamayo kunye nokungaphiliseki kweminze kweMelika nehlabathi.

Ukuqonda indlela le nkqubo esebenza ngayo kunika abemi amandla okuba babandakanyeke ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi kwiingxoxo ezingendima yeMelika yomhlaba wonke. Inkqubo yasemzini ayenziwa ngamandla angaziwayo kodwa ngamaziko abonakalayo nangenkqubo ehlala inoxanduva kubantu baseMelika. Ngoxa uMongameli ekhokela kunye neBhunga, abavoti bagweba ekugqibeleni.

Njengoko iingxaki zehlabathi zisanda ntsonkothileyo .ukusuka kwimozulu etshintsha ibe yisifo esigqugqisayo, ukususela ekusongeni kwezobundlobongela, ukuya ekudibaniseni uqoqosho, inkqubo yamanye amazwe kufuneka ilungelelanise ukumanyana nokuvumelana, amandla okuzibamba, kunye nezilangazelelo kunye nemigangatho. Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yamanye amazwe angaphandle akuxhomekekanga nje kumandla omkhosi okanye amandla ezoqoqosho, kodwa kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi ekhokelayo ekusebenziseni kwayo. Ikamva lenkqubo yangaphandle ye-U.S. inkqubo yangaphandle iza kuphenjelelwa ngendlela elungelelanisa ngayo le nkqubo yobunzima obungama-21 enkulungwane ngexesha lokhuseleko. Izazi eziqonda le nkqubo zinkokeli ezinokuvavanya imigaqo engcono, zibambe ityala, kwaye zibe nenxaxheba kwindima yokulungisa iMelika kwihlabathi eliphakathi.

Ukuhlola okunzulu, tyelela iSebe leSizwe, uhlolo lohlaziyo kuMazwana [[FLT]]], funda iNational Security Strategy [[FLT:]] House.gov[, okanye hlolisisa iinkqubo ezineenkcukacha kwimicimbi [ yogcino-lwazi nolignome [[FLT:]]