Table of Contents

IBhunga linendima ebalulekileyo ekunyamekeleni amasebe karhulumente ukuqinisekisa ukuba asebenza ngokunempumelelo, ngokunempumelelo, nangaphakathi kwemida yomthetho. Le nkqubo yokwalathisa inceda ekulondolozeni ukuphendula ityala nokubonakala kulo lonke urhulumente wesizwe, ukukhusela iimfuno zabahlawuli berhafu nokuqinisekisa ukuba amasebe aphetheyo aphumeza iimfuno zawo ngokwenjongo. Ulawulo lweBhunga luyinxalenye engundoqo yenkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela eMerika, inikela uhlolisiso olubalulekileyo ngendlela imali kawonke-wonke esetyenziswa ngayo nendlela iinkqubo zikarhulumente ezisetyenziswa ngayo.

Ukuqonda ulawulo lweBhunga: Isiseko sokuphendula

IBhunga libandakanyeka ekujongeni isebe eliphetheyo ngohlolo, ukuhlolwa, kunye nolawulo lokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo karhulumente. Lo msebenzi wobuveleli, ngexa ungachazwanga ngokucacileyo kumGaqo-siseko, ubulilungu legunya lombutho ukususela ekusungulweni kohlanga. Ukulawula kucetyiswa kunokuba kuchazwe amandla abekwe phantsi komGaqo-siseko wase-U.S., ukanti uguqukele komnye weembopheleleko ezibalulekileyo zeBhunga.

IiBhunga zokuqala zasungula ezi ndlela zobuveleli ngokuphanda okukhethekileyo, ngokunikela ingxelo ngeemfuno, nangokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokuhlola igunya eliphakamileyo. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ezi nkqubo ziye zanda zaza zantsonkotha ngakumbi, ziqhelanisa nokuntsonkotha okukhulayo korhulumente wengingqi kunye nomsebenzi okhulayo.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko sokulawula

Igunya lolawulo loMbutho lisuka kumandla awo "asetyenziswa" kumGaqo-siseko, kwimithetho kawonke-wonke, nakwimithetho yeNdlu kunye neNdlu yeNdlu. Ngoxa umGaqo-siseko ungaliniki ngokuphandle igunya lokuphanda okanye ukuvelela isebe eliphetheyo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo ibiligqala eli gunya njengeliyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba iNkomfa iphumeze iimbopheleleko zayo zowiso-mthetho ngokunempumelelo.

Imida yomGaqo-siseko isebenza kulawulo lweBhunga nakumandla ophando, kuquka ukhuseleko lweMimiselo yokuQala, eyesine, neyesihlanu kodwa hayi amalungelo anxulumene noLawulo lweSithandathu. Le mida yezomgaqo-siseko iqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lombutho luhlala lulungelelanisiwe kwaye ihlonela amalungelo omntu ngamnye ngoxa isavumela ukuba iBhunga lo msebenzi walo obalulekileyo wokuhlola.

Ulawulo loMthetho: Ukudala iFrames ukwenzela imisebenzi ye-Arhente

Ngokuyintloko ingqungquthela ibonakalisa ulawulo lwayo ngokwamandla owiso-mthetho, idala inkqubo esemthethweni apho amaqumrhu orhulumente kufuneka asebenze khona. Olu lawulo lubandakanya ukusekwa kokuqala kwamaqumrhu neenkqubo kwakunye nokuhlaziywa nokuphuculwa kwamagunya neembopheleleko zawo.

Ukuseka iMicimbi ye-Arhente kunye nabasemagunyeni

Xa iKhomyutha iseka umbutho omtsha okanye inkqubo ngomthetho, ichaza umsebenzi wombutho, ulawulo, kunye nemigaqo esebenzayo. Le mithetho igunyazisa imithetho isebenza njengeplani yemisebenzi yesebe, imisela oko umbutho unakho nokungenakukwenza. IBhunga liqhuba ngenyameko le mithetho ukuqinisekisa ukuba abameli banegunya elaneleyo lokufeza iinkonzo zabo ngoxa lithintela ukuqhatha okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla.

Ukuba iKhongozeli ikholelwa ukuba umbutho othile ushiywe kwigunya lawo lokuqala, iKhomishini ingadlulisela umthetho kwizigqibo zolawulo, okanye ixinzelele kwigunya lombutho. Le nkqubo yokulungisa imithetho ivumela iNgqungquthela ukuba iphendule xa abameli bechaza amagunya abo ngokubanzi okanye ilandela iinkqubo ezingavumelaniyo neenjongo zombutho.

Izenzo Zomthetho

UMthetho woMgaqo-siseko we-Reorganisation Act ka-1946, okokuqala, ngokucacileyo kwabizwa "ngongamelo lobugqwesi" kumthetho kawonke-wonke, ukukhokela iNdlu kunye neNdlu yeekomiti ezimileyo "ukuqhelisela ukulinda okuqhubekayo" kwiinkqubo kunye namaqumrhu aphantsi kolawulo lwazo, ukugunyazisa abasebenzi abangoochwepheshe, nokukhuthaza amandla eBhunga-mikhosi. Lo mthetho wesigqeba omiselwe ngokwemigaqo-siseko njengomsebenzi osemthethweni kunye nokunikezela ngekomiti ngobuncwane obufunekayo ukuqhuba ucwangciso olunempumelelo.

Ukwakhiwa kwesi siseko, uMthendeleko weSiko loMgaqo-siseko ka-1970 wagunyazisa ikomiti nganye emileyo ukuba "ihlole kwaye ifundisise, ngokuqhubekayo, isicelo, ulawulo kunye nokuphunyezwa" kwemithetho phantsi kolawulo lwayo, kwandisa abasebenzi abachwepheshayo beekomiti, kwandisa uncedo olunikezelwe yiKhomishini yophando lweCongregational Service, kwaye kwaqinisa uhlolo lwenkqubo lokuhlola iGAO. Oku kuphuhliswa komsebenzi weBhunga ngokuphawulekayo ukuqhuba ngokucokisekileyo nangokokugqibela imisebenzi yesebe eliphetheyo.

Igunya le-arhente elicuthayo

IBhunga lingalinqumla igunya lolawulo lombutho; umzekelo, kwiKhomishini yowe-1980 yaxinene i-U.S. i-Arhente yoKhuselo lweNgqongqo-bume bemekobume esebenzisa umgaqo ozinzileyo wokunciphisa ulawulo lwe-EPA. Le ndlela ivumela iKhomishini ukuba igcine ulawulo lwemigaqo yezomthetho ngoxa isanika abameli abanobuchule.

Iindlebe nophando Lwengqungquthela: Ukukhanya Okuqaqambayo Kwimisebenzi Ye-Arhente

Iindlebe nophando lweBhunga lumela ezinye zeendlela zobuveleli ezibonakalayo nezinempembelelo. Ngolu hlobo, iNgqungquthela iqokelela inkcazelo, amagosa, ichaza iingxaki, ize inike ingqalelo ebantwini kwimibandela efuna ukulungiswa okanye ukuphucula.

Iindidi Zokuchotshelwa Kweendlebe Kwengqungquthela

Ulawulo lweKhomishoni luquka ugunyaziso, ukuququzelelwa, ukuphengululwa, nokuchongwa kwemithetho ngeekomiti ezimileyo, uphando olukhethekileyo oluye lwakhethwa ziikomiti, kunye nohlolo kunye neengxubusho eziqhutywa ngamaqumrhu nesebe lenkxaso. Uhlobo ngalunye lokuva lufeza injongo eyahlukileyo kwindalo ejongene nendalo.

Ukuchongwa kwetyala leemvavanyo kwiimeko zoqingqo-mali zoorhulumente kunye nokugunyaziswa kweendlebe kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo kunika amathuba athe rhoqo eNgqungquthela ukuze ihlole ukusebenza kweziko nokugcina amagosa ephendule. Oku kuthethwa rhoqo kwenzeka minyaka le okanye kwimijikelo eqhelekileyo, kudala iindawo ezithe ngqo ukufikelela kuzo ukuze kuvele ulawulo.

Uphando Olukhethekileyo Nokukhetha Iikomiti

Eminye imisebenzi yolawulo ebhengezwe ngokunqabileyo kukuphanda okunqabileyo ngokukhetha iikomiti ukuya kwizenzo zemanyumnyezi okanye kwimisebenzi yesebe eliphetheyo, njengemibuzo yekomiti ekhethayo yexeshana ekufumaneni kweTshayina ulwazi lwezixhobo zenyukliya eUnited States ngo-1999, iIran-Contra imicimbi enzima yovavanyo lobuntlola ngo1975-1976, kunye nehlazo leWatergate ngo 1973-1974. Oku kuphando oluphezulu lwe-projects kubonisa amandla eChulumente okuphendula ekulahleni okunganyaniseki kukawonke okanye ukungaphumeleli kwemithetho.

Imizekelo yolu hlobo lobuveleli iqala emva kwiinkulungwane ezimbini: ngowe-1792, ikomiti ekhethekileyo yeNdlu yeNdlu yaphanda ukoyiswa komkhosi ngezizwe zamaIndiya ezimanyeneyo. Oku kuqhubeka kwembali kugxininisa ukubaluleka okuhlala kuhleli kophando lwengqungquthela njengesixhobo sokuziphendulela.

Amandla Okungqina Namaxwebhu Akhankanyiweyo

Kuqukiwe kumgangatho wamandla ligunya lokuqalisa uphando, ukuva, ukuqokelela ubungqina okanye amaxwebhu kumangqina, kwaye, kwiimeko apho urhulumente okanye iqela labucala lingafikeleli, linyanzelisa ukuthobela izicelo zombutho-ngquthela ngokusetyenziswa kolawulo kunye nokunyanzelisa ii-athompoena. Eli gunya lisezantsi le-ocentina linika amazinyo enyani, liqinisekisa ukuba iBhunga linokufumana ulwazi elilufunayo ukuze lifezekise iimbopheleleko zalo.

Indlu kunye neNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtsimbi zimisela igunya lokunikezela kwiikomiti zonke ezimileyo, nendlela ii-top penaena ezikhutshwa ngayo ngokwahluka-hlukeneyo ngekomiti nangegumbi; kwiNdlu, phantse zonke iikomiti ngoku zixhobisa izihlalo zazo ukuba zinikezele iipoyina, ngoxa kwiikomiti ezininzi zeBhunga kufuneka ukuba isitulo siqale sifumane imvume yelungu eliphezulu. Oku kungavisisani kubonakalisa indlela yokulungelelanisa amandla amaninzi namalungelo amancinane.

Iqela Elincinane Linelungelo Lokulawula

Indima yamalungu amaqela amancinane kwinkqubo yobuveleli ilawulwa yimithetho yegumbi ngalinye kunye neekomiti zalo, kwaye amalungu amancinane anikwa ngokukhethekileyo amalungelo athile; umzekelo, imithetho yeNdlu neNdlu yeNdlu inika abambalwa ilungelo elilinganiselweyo lokubiza amangqina abo bakhethwayo ekuchotshelweni, kwaye onke amalungu eekomiti zeNdlu aqinisekiswe ukuba athandabuze ingqina ngalinye. Ezi zikhuselwa ziqinisekisa ukuba uvelela akusosixhobo seqela elikhulu kodwa kusebenza izilangazelelo zoluntu ezibanzi.

Ulawulo Loqingqo - mali: Amandla Okuthenga

Esinye sezixhobo zolawulo ezinamandla zeBhunga kukulawula kwazo ukusetyenziswa kwemali karhulumente. Ngenkqubo yokucazululwa, iKhomishini imisela ukuba isebe ngalinye lifumana imali engakanani kwaye linokudibanisa iimeko kule nkxaso ukunyanzelisa ukuphendula nokunyanzelisa ukuba kugcinwe iinkonzo kunye nezinto eziphambili zolawulo olungqalileyo.

Inkqubo Yoqingqo-mali Olumanyeneyo

Emva kokuba uMongameli enikezele uqingqo-mali lwamaqumrhu orhulumente kwiNgqungquthela, ngoko kuya kwiKomiti yoHlahlo lweNdlu kunye neNdlu yoHlomelo ukuze kwenziwe isigqibo sonyaka ngamnye, esimisela uqingqo-mali lwemali kulo lonke urhulumente wesizwe ngonyaka; ukusuka apho, imilinganiselo iqhubekeka kwiNdlu neNtlanganiso, apho igumbi ngalinye liqwalasela izigqibo zalo ngokwalo lize livote kuzo; isigqibo ngoko siqalisa ukuhlanganisana ukuze kuphunyezwe ukungavisisani okuphakathi kwale miba nyathelo mibini; isigqibo sokuxolelaniswa sisiwa kwiNdlu neNdlu yeNdlu yeNtlanga yevo yevo.

Emva kokuba isisombululo soqingqo-mali sivunyiwe, iNdlu kunye neNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu nganye imisela imigangatho epheleleyo yemali yetyala ngalinye lemali ehlawulwayo kwimiba elishumi elinesibini. Le nkqubo inika iKhomishini ulawulo olunenkcukacha kwinkxaso-mali yezibonelelo, ivumela ukuba ivuze amaqumrhu asebenzayo ngoovimba abaphumelelayo ngoxa inyanzelisa abo bangenzi kakuhle okanye abaphambukileyo kwiimfuno zawo.

Ukusebenzisa izilumkiso njengesixhobo sokulawula

IBhunga lingasebenzisa amandla alo okuchaza ukuthintelwa kwemali yombutho. Eli gunya lidlulela ngaphaya kokumisela amanqanaba emali; iKhomishini ingakwalela amaqumrhu ukuba angasebenzisi imali kwimisebenzi ethile, afune amaziko achithe imali ngeendlela ezithile, okanye agunyazise ukuchaza iimfuno njengeemeko zokufumana iziphumo zemali.

Inkqubo yokucalucalucalulo inika amathuba eNgqungquthela yonyaka ukuze ihlole umsebenzi wombutho woluvo. Ngexesha lokuchongwa kwetyala, amagosa oshishino kufuneka azithethelele izicelo zawo zoqingqo-mali aze achaze indlela abazisebenzisa ngayo iingxelo zangaphambili. Olu hlolisiso luthe rhoqo ludala ukuphendula okuqhubekayo kwaye luvumela iNkqutyana ukuba yenze izigqibo ezithelekelelwayo malunga nokwabiwa koovimba.

Iimeko kunye nokungagqibeleli kwemali

IBhunga lisoloko lidibanisa iimeko zenkxaso-mali ekhoyo ukuze kunyanzeliswe inkqubo ethile ephambili okanye iimfuno zokusebenza. Ezi meko zingaquka iimfuno zokuba abameli bathobele iingxelo kwiNgqungquthela, imiqathango yokusebenzisa imali ngeenjongo ezithile, okanye imiqathango yokufumana iinjongo ezithile. Ngokumisela inkxaso-mali ehambisana nezi mfuneko, iBhunga liqinisekisa ukuba abameli baqhubeke besabela kwimigaqo-ngqungquthela.

I-ofisi yoXokelela kaRhulumente: Uphando lweBhunga

I-Ofisi yeMali kaRhulumente isebenza njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zolawulo lweBhunga, ibonelela ngohlalutyo oluzimeleyo, olungaphangaleleyo lweenkqubo zesebe kunye nenkcitho.

Imisebenzi yeGO kunye neSicwangciso

IGAO inika ulwazi olusekelwe kwinyaniso, olungangeni nxaxheba kwiNgqungquthela kwaye isoloko ibizwa ngokuba yi "i-"corestional deving," iphanda ukuchithwa nokusebenza korhulumente. I-ofisi kaRhulumente ye-United States ingumbutho worhulumente wesebe lowiso-mthetho kwisebe lorhulumente waseUnited States elibonelela ukuphicothwa, ukuvavanywa, kunye neenkonzo ze-Accertive ze-United States Congress kumsebenzi ozimeleyo nongangeni mpatho.

IGAO yamiselwa njenge-Ofisi yokuThelekelela iGeneral Accounting Act ka1921, yaye eso senzo safuna ukuba intloko yeGOO iphande, kwisihlalo sikarhulumente okanye kwenye indawo, yonke imicimbi enxulumene nelisithi, ukurhoxiswa, nokusetyenziswa kwemali karhulumente, nokusetyenziswa kwemali karhulumente, nokuze kwenziwe kuMongameli nakwingxelo zeBhunga nokuncomela ukukhangela kwinkcitho engaphezulu okanye kwinkcitho kawonke wonke.

Ngokwengxelo yeGO yangoku, le nkonzo ikho ukuxhasa iKhomishini ekuhlangabezaneni noxanduva lwayo lomgaqo-siseko nokunceda ekuphuculeni umsebenzi nokuqinisekisa ukuphendula kukarhulumente wesizwe ukuze kungenelwe abantu baseMerika, kwaye igama latshintshwa ngo-2004 kwi-ofisi kaRhulumente e-GO Human Capital Reform Act ukuze ibonise kakuhle umsebenzi we-ofisi.

Umsebenzi ka GAO noMphumezo

IGAO inika iBhunga, iintloko zabameli abaphetheyo, kunye noluntu olunenkcazelo esekelwe ngexesha, esekelwe kwinyaniso, engeyonxalenye yecawa enokusetyenziswa ukuphucula urhulumente nokusindisa amawaka ezigidi zeerandi, kwaye umsebenzi wayo wenziwe ngesicelo seekomiti zombutho okanye iikomiti ezincinci okanye ufunwa ngokulula yimithetho okanye ziingxelo zekomiti zikawonke-wonke.

IGAO ihlolisisa indlela echithwa ngayo ii-dola zerhafu kwaye inika inkcubeko kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente ngenjongo, engeyonxalenye yecartisan, ulwazi olusekelwe kwinyani ukuze luncede urhulumente alondoloze imali kwaye asebenze kakuhle; umzekelo, yachaza malunga ne-R62.7 lamawaka ezigidi kwiinzuzo zemali kurhulumente worhulumente yaza yabhala iinzuzo zemali ezingeyo zemali, inkqubela-yokuqhuba inkqubela-phambili kwiinkqubo zikarhulumente kuquka ezo zinikezelwe kukhuseleko lukarhulumente, ukhuseleko lwesizwe, kunye nabantu abangakhuselekanga abafana nabantwana, amagosa, nabo banesiphene.

Ababali beGAO abaqhuba kungekuphela nje ii-Piconucis zemali, kodwa bakwabandakanyeka kwiindidi ezininzi zophicotho-zincwadi lomsebenzi. Olu phicotho-zincwadi luhlola ukuba ngaba abameli baphumeza iinjongo zabo ngokunempumelelo nakanjani na, benika iKhomishini eqwalaselwe ngokunenkcukacha ngeziphumo zenkqubo kunye nokunconywa kokuphucula.

Icandelo loBulungiseleli

The GAO is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and maintains an additional 11 field offices around the country, with each field office containing several mission teams, but not every mission team is represented at each field office. This geographic distribution allows GAO to conduct oversight activities throughout the nation, examining federal programs and spending wherever they occur.

Abasebenzi abaqeqeshi beGAO balungelelaniswe ngokwamaqela agquma iindawo ezifana nokunyamekela impilo, amandla okhuseleko, ubuchule, kunye nolawulo lokufumana kunye nokuphatha okumxinwa, i-GAO ifuna ukuba neqela leengcali kwimimandla emininzi, kuquka abahlalutyi, iingcali zobugcisa, iinkcubeko zemali, iingcali zezoqoqosho, amagqwetha, kunye nabahlalutyi bothungelwano. Olu buchule boqeqesho oluninzi lunceda iGAO ukuhlalutya iinkqubo zikarhulumente ezintsonkothile kuzo zonke imimandla yorhulumente.

Uqinisekiso lweenkokeli ze-Arhente: Abasebenzi njengoomatiloshe

Amandla eNdlu yeeNtsimbi ukuqinisekisa ukumiswa komongameli kwizikhundla eziphambili zoorhulumente amele enye inkqubo engundoqo yophando. Ngenkqubo yokuqinisekisa, iNdlu yeeNtsimbi ingahlolisisa iimfaneleko zabalawuli, iimbono zenkqubo, kunye nokuzibophelela kwizinto eziphambili phambi kokuba bathathe indima yobunkokeli kwisebe eliphetheyo.

Inkqubela yokuqinisekisa

Xa uMongameli etyumba abantu abathile ukuba bakhokele amasebe alawulayo okanye bakhonze kwezinye iindawo ezingundoqo, iNdlu yeeNtsimbi kufuneka inikezele "imvume nemvume yayo" phambi kokuba aba balawuli bathathe isikhundla. Le mfuneko yemithetho-siseko inika impembelelo ephawulekayo kubameli besebe eliphetheyo nakuyiphi imigaqo esuke ifunwa yiyo.

Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa iqala ngekomiti yeBhunga elifanelekileyo eliphethe iindlebe ukuhlolisisa imvelaphi, iimfaneleko, neembono zomtyunjwa kwimibandela yenkqubo. Abaququzeleli bayathandabuza ngokokuceba kwabo ukulungiselela umbutho, ukutolikwa kwabo imithetho enxulumene nawo, kunye nokuzibophelela kwabo ekuboneni gca nakuphendula. Le nkqubo ivumela iNdlu yeeNtsimbi ukuba imisele amaqumrhu ajongene nendlela abaza kukhokela ngayo abameli nokukhupha izibophelelo ngokuphathelele ukusebenzisana nolawulo lombutho.

Ukuziphendulela Okuqhubekayo Ngokuziqinisekiso

Amandla okuqinisekisa adlulela ngaphaya kokumiswa kokuqala. Iinkokeli ze-arhente ziyazi ukuba zisenokufuna ukubuyela kwiNdlu yeeNtsimbi ukuze ziqinisekiswe ukuba zibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, zidala intshukumisa eqhubekayo yokugcina ulwalamano olulungileyo neKhonkxa-ntele nokusabela kwinkxalabo yombutho. Ngaphezu koko, isisongelo sokuva okunzima kwabameli bexesha elizayo singakhuthaza iinkokeli zangoku ukuba zisebenzisane nemigudu yolawulo lobugqeba.

Ezinye izixhobo zobuchule

Ulawulo lweBhunga lungabonakala nakuwuphi na umsebenzi wowiso-mthetho nangamaziko ahlukeneyo, imibutho, kunye nezakhiwo, ezisuka kwingxelo yekomiti okanye kunxibelelwano olucwangcisiweyo namagosa aphetheyo, ukusuka kuphando lwabasebenzi ukuya kuhlolo-hlolo lokuxhasa ukuqulunqwa, kunye nokusuka ekuqhutyweni kwee-ofisi zezetyala eziqhutywa zii-ofisi zamalungu ukulungiselela izinto ezingeyomfuneko njengekhomishini kunye neengingqi jikelele.

Isalathisi somsebenzi

IBhunga lisoloko lifuna ukuba abameli bale misebenzi yabo banike iingxelo rhoqo, ii-applications, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali efanelekileyo. Ezi mfuneko zinika ingxelo zidala uxwebhu oluqhubekayo lwemisebenzi yesebe nokunika iKhomishini ulwazi olufunekayo ukuvavanya enoba abameli bayayiphumeza ngokunempumelelo na imiqathango yabo.

Umsebenzi wokulawula usoloko ungenelwa kwiingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi nophando lwamanye amagosa oorhulumente borhulumente, kuquka abahloli jikelele kunye ne-Ofisi yokuphendula ityala yoRhulumente, enemiyalelo engqalileyo evela kwiBhunga ukuya kuphendula inkunkuma, ubuqhetseba, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwamasebe. Ezi zinja zizimeleyo zinika iBhunga uhlalutyo olunobuchule kunye nesilumkiso sangaphambili ngeengxaki eziphakathi kwamaziko.

Ngokubanzi

Abahloli jikelele ziindawo zesebe ezilawulayo ezenziwe ngomthetho onamandla abanzi okuphicotha nokuphanda amasebe abo azimeleyo, kwaye ngokhuseleko olukhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa inkululeko yabo. La magosa asebenza njengeenja zangaphakathi ezigade ii-arhente, eqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi nophando kunye nokuxela oko kufunyanisiweyo kwiinkokeli zoorhulumente kunye neeBhunga.

Abahloli jikelele banika iNkqutyana ngomthombo oqhubekayo wenkcazelo malunga nemisebenzi yesebe, ngokufuthi ichaza iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zibe ziingxaki ezinkulu okanye zingawi. Ulwalamano lwabo olubini lokunika ingxelo. /iintloko zomasebe neNgqungquthela ) zombini ezifumana iingqino ezinyanisekileyo zomsebenzi wombutho kwanaxa ukhokelo lweziko lukhetha ukufihla iingxaki.

Izigqibo zokubuza

Enye indlela yolwalathiso sisigqibo sokuphanda, esisisigqibo esilula esicela okanye esifunwa ngumongameli okanye yintloko yesebe elilawulayo ukunikezela ngeNdlu yabameli inkcazelo ecacileyo ecacileyo kulawulo. Esi sixhobo sivumela amalungu okanye iikomiti ukuba acele iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni kwisebe eliphetheyo, zidala ingxelo yoluntu ngesicelo kunye nokusabela.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso yeBhunga

Ulawulo lweBhunga lubandakanya ukuthunywa kwamagunya kwinkqubo yeekomiti nokuxhaswa kwamasebe amaninzi orhulumente neeofisi, kuquka iBhunga leeNkqutyana zoMphathi-mikhosi weNkxaso neNkxaso, i-Ofisi yoLawulo noHlahlo, i-Ofisi yoLawulo loRhulumente, i-Congregation Accounting Research Service, ne-Oficial Bridge.

Ngamnye kula masebe axhasayo unika iKhomishini ubuchule obukhethekileyo kunye nobuchule bokuphanda. INkonzo yeKhomishoni inika uhlalutyo lwenkqubo olungeyonxalenye yecawa kunye nophando olusemthethweni. I-Ofisi yoHlahlo loHlahlo-mali yeBhunga inikela uhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho kunye neengxelo zoqingqo-mali. Zombini, la masebe aqinisekisa ukuba iKhomishini iyakwazi ukufikelela inkcazelo efunekayo ukuze iqhube kakuhle.

Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwenkqubo

Uvavanyo lwenkqubo olusebenza ngokusebenza lusasoloko lububuchule bokulungisa uphando, ngolu cwangciso lwangoku kusetyenziswa inzululwazi yentlalo kunye nendlela yolawulo . olufana nohlolo, uhlolo lwexabiso, kunye nophando olunempumelelo-luvavanya ukusebenza kweenkqubo eziqhubekayo, kwaye ulwazi malunga nokusebenza kwenkqubo lungaluncedo kwiBhunga-siseko njengoko lenza izigqibo malunga nesakhiwo seenkqubo zikarhulumente kunye nobuninzi bemali ezakuyifumana.

Iinjongo Nokubaluleka Kokulawula Iingqungquthela

Ulawulo lweBhunga lufeza iinjongo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo karhulumente waseMerika, nto leyo engaphaya kokujonga nje imisebenzi yesebe elilawulayo.

Ukukhuthaza Urhulumente Onempumelelo Nophumelelayo

Uphando ngendlela isebe elilawulayo eliyithobela ngayo imithetho, ukuchitha iinkcubeko, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezonyango yenza ukuba iNkqutyana ikwazi ukuqwalasela enoba amasebe namasebe esizwe asebenza ngendlela ephumelelayo, ephumelelayo nefanelekileyo, nengokoqoqosho, nokuqokelela ulwazi olunokwazisa umthetho. Lo msebenzi wokujonga izinto unceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba abahlawuli berhafu basetyenziswa ngobulumko kwaye iinkqubo zikarhulumente ziphumeze iinjongo zabo.

Ukukhusela Iingcamango Ezimanyumnyezi

Ulwandiso lukarhulumente wesizwe kunye nemithetho-siseko yesizwe luye lwandisa kuphela imfuneko kunye nokusetyenziswa koogxamesi bokuhlola nokukhangela umphathi, ngalo "ukukhangela" umsebenzi osebenza ukukhusela indima yokwenza inkqubo yeBhunga nendawo yalo phantsi kweGatya I kumgaqo-siseko wenkqubo yokuhlola nolungelelwaniso. Ngaphandle kokuphatha okunempumelelo, isebe eliphetheyo linganyusa amandla kwiindleko zeBhunga, licuthene nolwahlulo lwamandla olusemGaqo-siseko.

Ukwakhela Uluntu

Indima yolawulo lweBhunga ikwabalulekile ngenxa yokuba ikhanyisa ingqalelo kawonke-wonke kwimibandela enzima, enceda abenzi bomthetho kunye nowonke wonke ukuba benze izigqibo zolwazi malunga nomsebenzi ophezulu. Ngokuqhuba amatyala kawonke-wonke nangokukhupha iingxelo, iBhunga liqinisekisa ukuba abemi bafumana ulwazi ngendlela urhulumente wabo asebenza ngayo nendlela ii-dola zabo zerhafu ezisetyenziswa ngayo.

Lo msebenzi wokwazisa unemvelaphi enzulu yembali. UWoodrow Wilson waqonda ukubaluleka kwawo kufundisiso lwakhe loburhulumente bombutho worhulumente worhulumente woorhulumente ngowe - 1885, yaye iNkundla ePhakamileyo iye yavuma ukuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo isoloko isenza umsebenzi wokwazisa ukuze ibuzise iingxaki zesebe likarhulumente.

Ucelomngeni Nokusikelwa Ngumqathango Kwebutho

Ngoxa ukuvelela iingqungquthela kubalulekile ekuphenduleni idemokhrasi, ijamelana nocelomngeni neentsilelo eziliqela ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

Ulawulo olunempumelelo lufuna ixesha elibalulekileyo, oovimba abasebenzayo, kunye nobuchule. Iikomiti zeBhunga kufuneka zilungelelanise iimbopheleleko zokongamela nemisebenzi yazo yemithetho, kwaye oovimba babasebenzi balinganiselwe. Isebe elilawulayo, linobuchule obuninzi bolawulo nobuchule obukhethekileyo, lisoloko linalo iingenelo zolwazi kwiBhunga, lenza kube nzima kubaveleli bombutho ukuyiqonda ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi entsonkothileyo.

Ukucingela Imicimbi Yezobupolitika

Ukulawula kunokuphenjelelwa yizobupolitika ezilwa nentlalo-ntle, inginginya isebenzisa igunya lobuveleli maxa wambi ukuphoxa abachasi bezobupolitika okanye iqela elincinane elizama ukwenza ulawulo olunentsingiselo ngaphandle kwegunya eliphantsi. Noko ke, izilangazelelo zombutho weBhunga njengeqela elisoloko liphelisa izahlulo ezicalucalucalucalulo, ingakumbi xa izenzo eziphambili zesebe zisongela iimvume zequmrhu.

Ukuchasa kwesebe eliphetheyo

Kwiminyaka eliqela edluleyo kuye kwaba lixesha elinamandla lokulawula imithetho kunye nolawulo lweziko lombutho, iBhunga lisenza uphando olwahlukahlukeneyo oluye lwabangela ingqalelo enkulu kawonke wonke, yaye isebe eliphetheyo kunye neBhunga elilawulayo liye lavelisa izixhobo ezintsha neengxoxo ezingokwasemthethweni zokunciphisana ngeembambano zobuveleli; iinkundla ziye zaphendula imibuzo ethile ngokuphathelele umgangatho wamandla olawulo ngoxa zishiya abanye bengalungiswanga, yaye kwiminyaka ezayo, izigqibo ezenziwa yiBhunga njengoko lisukela usukelo lwalo lokwalathisa zisenokuqhubeka zilungisa ukulungelelanisa ukulungelelaniso lwamandla phakathi kwamasebe.

Ukungenelela kweNkundla Ephakamileyo kwiimbambano zophando kusoloko kuphelela kwiziganeko apho iNkqutyana ifuna ulwazi kummi wabucala, kunokuba ifune kwigosa likarhulumente, kunye noTrump v. Mazars, owiswe isigqibo ngo-2020, yayisihlandlo sokuqala iNkundla ePhakamileyo ithetha ngqo ngengxabano ephakathi kwe-interbranch. Isigqibo sezi mpikiswano sidla ngokuvela ngokunxibelelana phakathi kwamasebe kunokuba ingenelele kwikomiti egwebayo.

Umda kunye noGxiniselo

Abanye abaphengululi baye bathandabuza ukuba kuluncedo ukuvelela iqumrhu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba intsebenziswano yezakhono zolawulo nokuthobela umthetho.

Uphuhliso Lwangoku Neenkcubeko Zexesha Elizayo

IBhunga linolawulo oluphangaleleyo kunye namagunya aphando, abalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yalo yowiso-mthetho phantsi kweGatya I lomGaqo-siseko wase-United States, kwaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amalungu eKhomishini aye ahlola iindlela zokumisa imisebenzi yawo yolawulo, kuquka ukuvelela ulawulo lwamaqumrhu orhulumente.

Ukulawula Ngoomatshini Banamhlanje

Ukulawula kwesebe elilawulayo ngomnye weyona mbopheleleko iphambili yeBhunga, kwaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iBhunga liye lahlola iindlela zokulungisa imisebenzi yalo kule ndawo, kuquka ulawulo lolawulo kunye nomelo lomthetho olusemthethweni lokusebenza nesebe eliphetheyo. Le migudu yokwakhela amagunya iyaqonda ukuba ubuchule bokuvelela kufuneka bujike ngokuhambelana notshintsho kwimisebenzi karhulumente kunye nobugcisa.

Utshintsho Nezinto Ezinokuphuculwa

IBhunga lingenza iiofisi zolawulo ezintsha okanye ezisemthethweni, iinkqubo zolawulo okanye iimfuno zolawulo,(okanye utshintsho olukhoyo), kwaye nganye kwezi zinto ivela ngokurhweba kunye nezinye izinto eziqwalaselwayo. Umzekelo, ukusekwa kwee-ofisi zolawulo ezintsha kunganyusa ubuchule bokuqulunqwa kwengqungquthela kodwa kusenokunyusa iindleko kunye neenkonzo ezikhoyo ezinokuphinda zixelwe.

Owona Mqheliso Ulungileyo Wolawulo Olunempumelelo

Ulawulo lwengqungquthela olunempumelelo lufuna ucwangciso olucwangcisiweyo, ubuncwane obaneleyo, kunye nozibopho oluzinzileyo.

Ukujongwa okuqhubekayo

Kunokuba ulinde iingxaki okanye amahlazo ukuze avele, ukujonga okunempumelelo kubandakanya ukujongwa okuqhubekayo kwemisebenzi yesebe. Ukuva rhoqo, iimfuno ezingokwesiqhelo zokunikela ingxelo, kunye nonxibelelwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kwabasebenzi bombutho kunye namagosa amasebe anceda ekuboneni iingxaki zisemncilini, kwaye kuthintele iingxaki ezincinane ekubeni zingawisi nzulu.

Intsebenziswano YaseBipartisan

Ukulawula kusebenza kakhulu xa kudlula ucalucalulo oluchaseneyo kwaye kujoliswe kwimiba ephambili yoorhulumente abalungileyo. Imigudu yokuvelela i-Bpartis ibonakalisa ukuthembeka okungakumbi kubantu kwaye isenokuvelisa utshintsho olunentsingiselo kunokuphengulula okuqulunqileyo.

Oovimba Abanengcungela

IBhunga kufuneka lisebenzise ngokupheleleyo amasebe alo okuxhasa , `GAO, CRS, CBO(*) nezinye izibonelelo zobuchule ezifana nabahloli jikelele. Le mibutho inika ulwazi olukhethekileyo kunye nobuchule obufunekayo bokuqonda imisebenzi entsonkothileyo yombutho kwaye ibone iingxaki ezingenakubonakala kubasebenzi bobugqeba.

Ukulandela Icebiso

Ulawulo lusebenza kakhulu xa lukhokelela kwinkqubela-phambili yekonkrithi kwimisebenzi yesebe. Oku kufuna ukuba iKhonklathi ilandele ngokuhambelana neziphumo zolawulo ngokumisela utshintsho olufunekayo lwemithetho, ukuhlenga-hlengisa utshintsho, okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye izixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingxaki ezichaziwe ziyalungiswa.

Indima Yokwakhiwa Kwekomiti

Inkqubo yekomiti ingundoqo ekujongeni ubuququ, ivumela amalungu ukuba aphuhlise ubuchule kwimimandla ethile yezomgaqo-nkqubo aze agcine ulwalamano oluqhubekayo nabameli bawo.

Iikomiti Ezimileyo

Iikomiti ezikhoyo ziqhuba imisebenzi emininzi yokuvelela. Ikomiti nganye ilawula amasebe neemimandla ezithile, ivumela amalungu ekomiti kunye nabasebenzi ukuba bakhulise ulwazi olunzulu ngeekomiti abajonge kuzo. Olu lwakhiwo luphucula ulawulo ngokuqinisekisa ukuba abaveleli bayayiqonda imiqathango yobugcisa nemibutho.

IKomiti yoLawulo lweNdlu

IKomiti yeNdlu ePhakathi noLawulo lweNguqu zoRhulumente neSivumelwano seNtlalo-ntle yoLuntu kukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela, ukuphumelela, nokuziphendulela korhulumente worhulumente kunye nabo bonke abameli bakhe, ukulungiselela uxilongo nokulungelelana kwindima namandla eWashington kunye nelizwi kubantu abamkhonzayo. Le komiti inolawulo lukarhulumente olulawulayo jikelele, iyivumela ukuba ihlole imiqathango enqumla imida okanye ibandakanya amaziko amaninzi.

Ulawulo kumsebenzi: Iinkqubo zehlabathi lokwenene

Ukujongana neBhunga kubonakalisa ngeendlela ezininzi kulo lonke urhulumente wesizwe, ukususela ekuhloleni uqingqo-mali oluqhelekileyo ukuya kuhlolo olunzulu lokusilela kwemibutho. Ukuqonda indlela ulawulo olusebenza ngayo kuyanceda kubonise ukubaluleka kwayo nempembelelo yayo.

Imisebenzi Eqhelekileyo

Ulawulo oluninzi luyenzeka ngocwangciso, imisebenzi eqhubekayo efumana ingqalelo encinane kawonke-wonke kodwa eyimfuneko ukuze kugcinwe ityala. Ezi ziquka ukuthethwa kweentetho zaminyaka le apho abameli bathethelela izicelo zabo zoqingqo-mali, ukugunyaziswa kwentetho apho iikomiti zihlola ukuba iinkqubo zifanele ziphinde zivunyelwe, neentlanganiso ezithe rhoqo phakathi kwamagosa equmrhu kunye namagosa esebe ukuxubusha ngemibandela yokuzalisekisa.

Ukusabela Kwiengxaki Zee-arhente

Xa kuvela iingxaki ```ngokuphuma kwengxelo yejelo-ndaba, izikhalazo zokuvulela impempe, uphicotho-zincwadi lweGAO, okanye uphando jikelele (i-GAO) okanye umhloli jikelele angaphendula ngokukhawuleza ngokujongwa. Oku kungabandakanya ukuphulaphula amagosa amaziko abuza imibuzo, ukucela iingxelo ezineenkcukacha ngale ngxaki, okanye ukuqhuba uphando olusesikweni ukufumanisa umgangatho noonobangela beli tyala.

Ukulawula Ngendlela Yesehlo

Ilungu ngalinye leBhunga kunye nemigaqo yeNkxaso yeNkxaso kunye neNkxaso yabaphathi-mthetho, ukunceda abemi ukuba balawule amatyala kunye nokucombulula iingxaki zorhulumente kunye namaqumrhu. Nangona oku kusebenza ngokuyintloko, kunika amalungu ulwazi olubalulekileyo ngendlela abameli abasebenza ngayo ngokwenene nalapho kukho iingxaki zenkqubo.

Ulwalamano Phakathi Kolawulo Nomthetho

Ukulawula nomthetho kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nemisebenzi yeBhunga. Ulawulo olunempumelelo luzisa umthetho ongcono, ngoxa umthetho udala isiseko solawulo oluqhubekayo.

Isenzo sokwenziwa komthetho olawulayo

Imisebenzi yokulawula isoloko ityhila imfuneko yomthetho omtsha okanye utshintsho kwimithetho ekhoyo. Xa uvelela kuchaza iingxaki ngendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo iinkqubo zabameli, iBhunga linokuphendula ngokucacisa ulwimi olusemthethweni, ngokulungisa amagunya emibutho, okanye ngokumisela iimfuno ezintsha zokucombulula le ngxaki.

Amalungiselelo oMthetho angqinelana nolawulo

Xa kumiselwa umthetho, iKhomishini idla ngokuquka amalungiselelo enzelwe ukwenza kube lula ukuvelela kwixesha elizayo. Ezi zinto zingaquka ukunikela ingxelo yeemfuno, amalungiselelo okutshona kwelanga afuna ukuba iinkqubo ziphinde zivulwe, okanye iimfuno zokuba amaziko adibane neNgqungquthela ngaphambi kokuba enze izenzo ezithile. Ezi zixhobo zowiso-mthetho zivelisa amathuba aqhubekayo okuvelela nokuqinisekisa ukuba iKhomishini igcina impembelelo kuzalisekiso lwenkqubo.

Isiphelo: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukho Kokunyamekela Ibandla

Ulawulo lweKhomishini karhulumente lusasele lungomnye wemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yesebe lowiso-mthetho. Ngoluhlu lwezixhobo neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo . Ukusuka kumthetho nakwizicelo ukuya ekuvikisweni nasekuphengululweni.

Lo msebenzi wokongamela ufeza iinjongo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo: ukhusela ii - dollar zabahlawuli berhafu ngokuphawula inkunkuma nokunganeliseki kwayo, ugcina ulungelelwano olusemthethweni lwamandla phakathi kwamasebe, uqinisekisa ukuba abameli bahlala benoxanduva lokunyulwa nakubantu baseMerika, yaye unika uluntu ulwazi ngendlela urhulumente walo asebenza ngayo.

Ngoxa ukuvelela kwengqungquthela kujongene neengxaki zenkcitho-mali, iingcinezelo zobupolitika, kunye nokuchaswa kwesebe eliphetheyo − kuseyinto engundoqo kwidemokhrasi yaseMerika. Njengoko urhulumente ekhula intsonkothile kwaye amaqumrhu esebenzisa amandla angakumbi, ukujongana nentlanganiso ephumelelayo kuba baluleke ngakumbi ukugcina ukuphendula nokuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente wesizwe unceda umdla woluntu.

Kubemi abafuna ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo urhulumente wabo, ukujongana nequmrhu kunikela ingqiqo kulwalamano oluphakathi kwabameli abanyuliweyo kunye nequmrhu elilawula inkqubo karhulumente. Ngokuqhelisela iimbopheleleko zalo zobuveleli ngamandla nangempumelelo, iBhunga lizalisekisa indima yalo yomGaqo-siseko lize lincede ukuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uyaqhubeka esabela, enetyala, yaye efanelwe kukuthenjwa nguwonke wonke.

Ukufunda okungakumbi ngolawulo lombutho wombutho kunye nendlela oluchaphazela ngayo amaqumrhu athile kunye neenkqubo, tyelela i-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-.Gov webhsayithi ye- ukwenzela uluvo lwezicwangciso zokuva, iingxelo zekomiti, namanye amaxwebhu okuvelela. Iwebhsayithi ye-ofisi e-Akhawutication Accounting Office inika ukufikelela kumawaka eengxelo ezihlola iinkqubo kunye nenkcithazo. Ezi zixhobo zinika uluvo olubalulekileyo kwindlela ingqungquthela esebenza ngayo ekusebenze ngayo nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo imisebenzi karhulumente.