Ukwazisa: Isandla Esifihlakeleyo Kwikhareji Lakho Lokuthenga

Xa uhamba usiya evenkileni yokutya, ukhangela i-comique, okanye umyalelo ovela kwivenkile entsha yokutyela, awufane ucinge ngamagosa karhulumente asekuhlaleni awenza anako ukuthenga loo nto. Kodwa ke, yonke inkalo yokuthenga kwakho yonke imihla (ukusuka ekukhuselekeni kokutya okuthengayo) ukuya kwindawo yokupaka imoto, ukusuka kwiivenkile ezahlukahlukeneyo kummandla okungqongileyo ukuya kwixabiso olwenziwa ziinkokhelo zesixeko, iikomishini zengingqi, kunye namabhunga edolophu. Ukuqonda oku kukunika amandla njengomthengi nommi nommi, ukuchaza isizathu sokuba ufanele ulawulo lwakho lwengingqini lufumanekelwe kude kude kunosuku lokhetho.

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni uphembelela urhwebo ngemithetho eninzi, izikhuthazo, izibonelelo, kunye nokugcinwa komthetho. Ezi zinto zisoloko zingabonwa, kodwa zigqiba enoba uluntu lwakho luhlala luneshishini elincinane elichumileyo okanye luneendawo ezithe tye ezithe tye. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iindlela ezininzi urhulumente wasekuhlaleni achaphazela ngazo amava akho okuthenga, linikela ubuchule obunokukunceda ekukhuthazeni iinkqubo eziyingenelo kwimali yakho nomgangatho wobomi bakho.

Isiseko Sokwahlula: Ukulima Nomhlaba Osetyenziswayo

Imithetho ejongileyo yiplani engabonakaliyo yebutho ngalinye labantu. Ilawula iindidi zamashishini ezinokusebenza apho, ukuba zinkulu kangakanani, nendlela ezisebenza ngayo neendawo zokuhlala. Kubathengi, ukubopha ngokuthe ngqo kuchaphazela ubuchule, iinguqu kwanokhuseleko.

Indlela Okukuchaphazela Ngayo Ukuthenga

Ukuhlahlela umhlaba ngokwesithethe wokwahlula umhlaba ube ziziqithi: indawo yokuhlala, ezorhwebo, ezoshishino, kunye nokusebenzisa okuxubeneyo. Kwimafama amaninzi, oku kwahlukana kudala ipaseji yeendawo eziqhelekileyo okanye iibhokisi ezinkulu zokuthengisa, ngokufuthi kwiimayile ezisuka emakhayeni. Oku kunyanzelisa ukuxhomekeka kwiinqwelo-mafutha kunye nohambo oluzenzekelayo. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukwenza ikhowudi esekelwe kwimida esekelwe kwisakhiwo esiselunxwemeni, kudala imimandla ehambayo apho ivenkile, iimasti, iimasties, kunye neevenkile zizinyathelo ukusuka emnyango. Inani elikhulayo lezixeko zamkela “izitrato ezipheleleyo ezihamba ngeenyawo kunye nezihamba ngebhayisekile, kuyenza lula ukuba izitore ezingena nqwelo - mafutha.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukwakha isakhiwo kungafuna abaphuhlisi ukuba babeke ecaleni indawo yevenkile ethengisa izinto zoluntu, njengezinto ezinokuthengiswa kwivenkile ezikwintlango yokutya.
  • Ngamanye amaxesha ukhulule imiqathango yokukhuthaza iivenkile eziphumayo okanye iimarike zamaxesha okuthengiswa, ukwandisa urhwebo lwasekuhlaleni.
  • Iinkqubo ezinika imvume zivumela amashishini ukuba asebenze kwiindawo apho ebengasayi kusebenza khona, kodwa ezi zifuna ukuva uwonke-wonke kwaye zingadala ungquzulwano.
IZiko liyiNgqungquthela yeZiko leMelika yokuHlela. IZiko lisisixhobo esinamandla esinokubangela ukungalingani okanye sibangele ukufumaneka okulinganayo kwimpahla neenkonzo, itsho njalo iAmerican Planning Association. Ingingqi ezicebe ngenjongo yokufumana iinguqu ezikhoyo ezivenkileni zidla ngokubona umlinganiselo ophantsi wokunganqabiseki kokutya kunye nokusinda koshishino oluncinane.

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bakwalawula ummiselo, iiyure zokusebenza, kunye nomgangatho wengxolo , konke okuchaphazela umoya wezothengiso. Isixeko esivumela indawo yokuhlala ngaphandle kunye nomculo omnandi osetyenziswa esitratweni sidala amava ahlukileyo kulawo awuvalayo. Le mithetho ibonakala incinane iqokelela kwimo yesithili sakho sokuthenga.

Imali, imvume kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali yeshishini

Ngasemva kwento nganye egciniweyo kukho imfuno yemvume nelayisensi. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bakhupha amalayisensi ezoshishino, imvume yempilo, imvume yokwakha, kunye namalayisensi omsebenzi aqinisekisa ukuthobela imigaqo yokhuseleko neyomgangatho. Ngoxa le migaqo ikhusela abathengi, kwakhona benza imiqobo yokungena kwabarhwebi.

Ukulungelelanisa Umthetho phakathi Kokhuseleko Nokufumaneka

Kwesinye isandla, uhlolo olungqongqo lwempilo lugcina iivenkile zokutyela zicocekile kwaye luthintele ukugula okubangelwa kukutya. Kwelinye icala, iimali ezigqithisileyo kunye nolibaziseko lobundlobongela zingadimazisa ukuqalisa. Umzekelo, umsebenzisi welori yokutya kwezinye izixeko kufuneka ahambe ngeendawo zesebe lesixeko eliphindaphindiweyo, iplani, impilo kawonke-wonke, umlilo, kunye nezithuthi zothutho ("phambi kokuthengisa i taco enye."inkqubo zokuyeka "ivenkile" evumela, isetyenziswa ngamadolobha afana , i-Austin kunye ne Denver, nciphisa ipeyipi ebomvu kunye noncedo lwamashishini amancinane.

  • Imali yelayisensi yeshishini ibanzi; ezinye izixeko zibiza amakhulu eerandi ngonyaka, ngoxa ezinye zihlawula iindleko zemali kumashishini asekhaya okanye abathengisi abafumana imali ephantsi.
  • Ukuhlola kwesebe leHealth kusoloko kuxhaphakile kwizakhiwo eziphezulu, kodwa ukunyanzelisa okuzinzileyo kwakha ukuthembana kwabathengi.
  • imvume yokusebenzisa imvume yokufumana ivumela amashishini afana nezitore zotywala okanye iivenkile ezisetyenziswa ngezaphu ezisetyenziswa ngamatye kwimimandla ethile, anokujongwa phambi kwabantu.

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baphatha imvume ze- kwiziganeko zokwexeshana, ezifana neemarike zamafama okanye intengiso yezobugcisa. Ezi zivumo zinokuba lubomi kumagcisa kunye namafama, kodwa iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zesicelo zinokuthintela ukuba nenxaxheba. Xa izixeko zisenza imithetho yorhwebo yexeshana ibe lula, zikhuthaza indawo etyebileyo, eyahlukene ngakumbi yezorhwebo.

Urhulumente Wasekuhlaleni Njengonogada wezoqoqosho

Ngaphandle komthetho, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bakhuthaza ukuthengiswa kweentengiso ngeenkqubo zokuphuhlisa izoqoqosho.

Ukurhwebelana ngerhafu (TIFD) kunye neeNkqubo zeSitrato esiMain

Isithili se-TIFF sifumana ingeniso yerhafu yempahla kwixesha elizayo ukusuka ekuphuhlisweni kwenkqubela-phambili. Kubathengi, oku kungathetha iindlela ezintle ezihamba kuzo, ukukhanya okungcono, kunye nezigcini-sango ezintsha kwimimandla eyakhe yakha yakha yakhanyiswa. Inkqubo yeSitrato saseMerika , eqhutywa yiNational Trust for Exposition, ivuse amawaka eevilectrial , ivuselele ngokunceda oorhulumente basekuhlaleni balungelelanisa urhwebo, inkqubela-phambili, kunye nokhuthulo loshishino lwemibutho yezoshishino yemishoni. Iyunithi ye-Main Street ibona ulwando olusebenzayo lwe-minywa nge-avareal.

  • Ishishini elincinci linika inkxaso epheleleyo [ ixabiso lokuqalisa, urhwebo, okanye izixhobo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko kubathengisi abatsha.
  • Iinkqubo zolungiso oluzenzekelayo zinikezela ngemali engqinelanayo kwizinto ezigciniweyo, ukwenza izithili zentengiso zibe nomtsalane ngakumbi.
  • [ iziphakamiso zokuphucula ishishini (ii-BID) iingxelo ezikhethekileyo ze-levy kumnini wempahla ukuxhasa ucoselelo, ukhuseleko, neziganeko, ukwandisa ngokuthe ngqo amava okuthenga.

Iivenkile Zobalimi Nenkqubo Yokutya Yasekuhlaleni

Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni baxhasa ngenkuthalo iimarike zabalimi ngokulungiselela indawo kawonke-wonke, ezorhwebo kunye nemali. Ngokutsho kwe- USDA, inani leemarike zamafama kwi-U.S. liye lakhula ukusuka kwi-1,755 ngo1994 ukuya kutsho ngaphezu kwe-8,700 namhlanje. Le misika inyusa amathuba okuvelisa izinto ezintsha, ixhasa ezolimo zasekuhlaleni, kunye nokuvelisa iinyawo kwizinto ezithengisa izitena-ma neziyimo ze-morf.

Ukhuseleko lwabaguli Kumgangatho Wasekuhlaleni

Xa uthenga izinto ezikhuselekileyo, iprojekthi enyanisekileyo nemigaqo yokubuyisa ngokufanelekileyo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banyanzelisa uninzi lwale migaqo yokukhusela, ngokufuthi ngeeofisi ezinikezelwayo zemicimbi yabathengi okanye ngonxulumano namaqumrhu karhulumente.

Ubunzima Nemilinganiselo

Iiofisi ezigcina iionki zamaphondo zihlola iimpompo zegesi, amaxolo evenkile, kunye nedeli ukukhankanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba zichanile. Impompo ekutshintshayo ngepesenti ezimbalwa ngelitha nganye ingangabonwa, kodwa inyuse iindleko zabathengi zokuqhatha ngamawaka ezigidi nyaka ngamnye. Abahloli basekuhlaleni baluluhlu lokuqala lokuzikhusela.

Inyaniso Ngokubhengeza Nokubhengeza

Imithetho kaMasipala idla ngokufuna intengo ecacileyo, ukuvalwa kwemigibe kunye nokutshintshwa kwemiqathango, kunye nokulawula “ukuphuma eshishineni”. Izixeko ezifana neNew York neLos Angeles zinemigangatho yabathengi yasekuhlaleni ehlola izikhalazo kwaye enokwaphula umthetho. La maqela afundisa abathengi ngamalungelo abo malunga ne-redund, ii-ocessies, kunye nemveliso.

  • I-Pice yokurhweba ngemithetho ikhaba ngexesha longxamiseko ukukhusela iimpahla ezibalulekileyo ekuthengisweni ngamaxabiso aphezulu.
  • [[UMTL:0] IReceipt kunye nokubuyisa imigaqo-nkqubo kufuneka ibekwe ibalasele; ukwaphulwa komthetho kukhokelela kwisohlwayo.
  • Ukurhweba kwabathengisi abasele besetyenzisiwe kunye neevenkile ezisetyenziswa ngexesha elibekiweyo kunceda ekuthinteleni izinto ezibiweyo ekungeneni emarikeni.
“ Ukhuseleko lwabathengi basekuhlaleni ludla ngokusabela kakhulu kunamaziko karhulumente okanye karhulumente kuba lusondelelene noluntu,” itsho i-National Association of Counties. Ii-ofisi zezorhwebo zasekuhlaleni zisingatha amawaka ezikhalazo nyaka ngamnye, zicombulula imicimbi echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthemba kwabathengi.

Izakhiwo Ezibangela Ukuthenga

Imeko-bume ebonakalayo ejikeleze iivenkile/iindlela, itrafiki, izithuthi, uwonke-wonke qha yimveliso yotyalo-mali lukarhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Ezi ziqalelo ziqinisekisa ukuba ukufumanisa kulula okanye kudimaza ukufikelela kwiivenkile ozithandayo.

Ukuhamba Nokupakisha

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni balawula iindlela, iimpawu zeenqwelo-moya, kunye neemitha zokumisa iimoto. Iinkqubo zezithuthi ezilungiselelwe kakuhle zinciphisa ukuxinana kwemijelo yezorhwebo. Ukupakisha kwemoto okukhululekileyo okanye okungabingeni maninzi kungatsala abathengi, kodwa ezinye izixeko zizama ukupaka imoto ezihlawulwayo ukukhuthaza ukujika nokuphuculwa koluntu. Izitrato ezihamba ngobubele ezihamba ecaleni, imijikelo enqamlezayo, kunye neebhayisekile zinyusa ukunyuka kweenyawo kunye nokuthengiswa kwentengiso.

Ufikelelo lonikezelo lukawonke-wonke

Iindlela zomjikelo kunye neentambo zesiporo ezilula zidibanisa iindawo zokuhlala neepaseji ezithengisayo. Xa oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bevula indlela yokuthutha kwimimandla engaphantsi kwesazulu, bavula amathuba okuthenga kwizindlu ezingenamoto. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukusika iindlela zikaduladula ziyakwazi ukukhulula abaphezulu nabahlali abafumana imali ephantsi kwiivenkile zevenkile kunye nee-pharmary. Ukujinga jikelele kwiendawo zokuthutha kusoloko kuvumela ukuphuhliswa kobuchule obuphezulu, ukwenza “indawo ezithenjiweyo zentengiso ezikwizitore".

Ukwenziwa Kweendawo Nezithuba Zoluntu

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni badla ngokuzityalela kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, iipaki, kunye nezitrato ezenza iindawo zokuthenga zibe mnandi. Iipaki zexeshana `indawo zokupaka-imoto' eziguqulweyo'. Ziye zabonakala zandisa ukuthengiswa kwentengiso nge-20%. Izibane zeholide, ubugcisa boluntu, kunye nokuhombisa kwamaxesha okuququzelelwa kwee-ofisi zesixeko, ukutsala abathengi kwidolophu. Le migudu yokulungisa ikhutshwa iziphumo zomsebenzi wezoqoqosho wasekuhlaleni.

Ubandakanyeko Loluntu neseti yeentsiba

Ilizwi lakho libaluleke kakhulu kunokuba ucinga. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baxhomekeke kulwazi lukawonke-wonke ukuze balungise iinkqubo zokuthengisa. Iiholo zedolophu, uhlolisiso, neebhodi zomkhuphiswano zinika abahlali indawo yokuhlala etafileni xa kwenziwa izigqibo malunga nokusingqongileyo abakufunayo.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho olufuna ukuchongwa

Phambi kokuba kwakhiwe ivenkile enkulu okanye indawo entsha yokuthengela, abaphuhlisi basoloko befuna utshintsho lokulungisa okanye imvume eyodwa efuna ukuvalwa kwabantu. Abahlali bangathetha okanye bachase, baphembelele ukuxubana kwabathengisi. Kumazwe amaninzi, abamelwane baye baphumelela ekuvaleni iivenkile zedola okanye amatya okutya okukhawulezayo ngexa bekhuthaza izitore zevenkile kunye nee-dolopique zasekuhlaleni.

Ibhodi ezingenisa amaziko eshishini nezibheno

Ezinye izixeko zineebhodi zabemi ezisiva izibheno zelayisensi yezoshishino ezikhatywayo okanye izikhalazo ngamashishini adidayo.

  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Amaqela okucwangcisa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo acebisa ngentengiso efuna intengiso ekhethekileyo kwindawo yayo, njengokufuna iivenkile zezentengiso zobuhlanga okanye iivenkile zemali.
  • Ibhunga lombutho lizisa kunye abemi kunye nabathengisi ukuxubusha imibandela efana nokumisa inqanawa, iiyure, kunye nezivumelwano eziyingenelo zoluntu.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Kwimigca yeqonga njenge Ugcino lwasekuhlaleni luvumela 24/7 yengxelo kutshintsho lwentengiso olucetyiweyo.

Xa oorhulumente basekuhlaleni becela yaye besabela ngokukhutheleyo kwinkcazelo yoluntu, benza iindawo zokuthenga ezinceda abahlali ngokwenene.

Imithetho yokusingqongileyo nokuzinziswa

Ukuthenga ngenkulungwane yama-21 kuthetha ukujamelana neengxaki zemekobume: inkunkuma yeplastiki, ikharbon transmig, kunye nokutya. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenzisa ngamandla abo okulawula ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinokulondolozwa.

Ibhanki Nezithintelo Eziziiplastiki

Oomasipala abangaphezu kwama-500 e-U.S. baye bamisela ukuvalwa kwengxowa yeplastiki okanye iindleko, ukuncitshiswa kwenkunkuma kunye nokukhuthazwa kweengxowa ezitshayelelwayo. Le nkqubo idluliswa ngamabhunga esixeko kwaye inyanzeliswa ngabahloli bekhowudi. Ngokufanayo, iifakethe zasekuhlaleni kwibhokisi yesiselo (ngokweemeko ezivumela) ukwandisa amaqondo okuphinda kuguqulwe kwezinto kwaye ziyakwazi ukuxhasa iinkqubo zokucoca zasekuhlaleni. I-Shoverfpers ziyakwazi ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iingenelo zemekobume zinokusetyenziswa: ingxowa yeplastiki icustiki icuthenjiswe ngaphezu kwama-70% emva kokuvalwa kwelizwe lonke.

Ukuthambisa Ukutya Kwasekuhlaleni Nokulima

Abanye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bafuna amaziko kawonke-wonke .(-8), izibhedlele, amaziko aphezulu, i-odolower. Oku kuqinisa ipesenti ethile yokutya kwengingqi. Oku kwenza ukuba imveliso yokutya ibonakale ngakumbi kwiivenkile zevenkile. Amasiko ezolimo zasemadolophini, kuquka izitiya zoluntu kunye nokugcinwa kweebhiya, zizisa imveliso entsha ezixekweni kwaye zinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezithuthi. Iimarikente, ezisoloko zixhaswa ngamasebe ezokuzonwabisa, ezingakumbi zidibanisa abathengi nabalimzi basekuhlaleni.

  • Ikhowudi yokwakha eluhlaza ye- ichaphazela ukwakhiwa kwentengiso, efuna ukukhanya okusebenza ngokungaphumeleliyo kunye neHVAC enciphisa iindleko zokusebenza (enokuthi idluliselwe kubathengi).
  • Imiqathango yokufaka i- kwizixeko ezifana neSan Francisco kunye neSeattle abadayisi bemikhosi ukuphatha inkunkuma yokutya, ukucutha imethane ukusuka ekugqityweni komhlaba.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Imiqathango enika uxinzelelo yokuhambisa iilori zinqumla ukhupho-moya kwizibuko elilayishayo, ukuphucula umgangatho womoya wabathengi.

Ekuqaleni ezi meko zisenokubonakala ziphazamisa, kodwa zidla ngokubangela ukuba abantu bangabi namali baze bafumane impilo entle.

IGawulayo yamanani: Urhulumente woLonke NesiXhobo

Ukuthenga nge - Internet kuye kwatshintsha izinto, yaye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bazama ukutshintsha indlela abazisebenzisa ngayo izinto.

Ukwanda Kwamanani Asasazekileyo

Ngaphandle kwe-intanethi ethembekileyo enesantya esiphezulu, abahlali abasemaphandleni nabasezidolophini abanakufikelela kubathengi be-intanethi, bathelekise amaxabiso, okanye bathathe inxaxheba kwi-ecommerce yasekuhlaleni. Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni bakha ii-panethi ezibanzi zikamasipala okanye basebenzisana nee-ISP ukuze bavale ulwahlulo lwamanani. Le migudu ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthenga: abantu abathengiswe imali, basebenzise amaxabiso okuthelekisa, kwaye baxhase amashishini asekuhlaleni kwiintengiso ze-intanethi.

Umiselo lweeNkonzo zokuThanda

Ukunyuka kweAmazon, iGoouthdash, neIstacart kuye kwabangela imithetho yasekuhlaleni malunga neendleko zokuthwala, ukuthunyelwa kwabaqhubi, kunye nolawulo lokuthintela. Ezinye izixeko zifuna iinkampani ezinika inxalenye yesithathu yokuhambisa ukuze zibhalise kwaye zinike inkcukacha kwimisebenzi yazo. Ezinye zineendleko zokunika iindleko ngexesha longxamiseko ukuze zithintele ukuphanga. Kwakhona oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bamisela iindawo zokulayisha iilori kunye nokuhambisa iinqwelo-mafutha, ukuqinisekisa ukuba azihambisi zihamba ngendlela ezihamba ecaleni okanye zidala iingozi.

  • [[UMTL:0] Isithuthi esisetyenziswayo sivumela kwiimoto zokuhambisa zinceda ukulawula iimoto ezikwezi ndawo ezithengisiweyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukwabelana ngezivumelwano phakathi koorhulumente basekuhlaleni kunye namaqonga okuhambisa anganika uluvo kwimiboniso yezotheko eyazisa utyalo-mali lukawonke-wonke.
  • [ ukurhweba ngekhompyutha ngumxholo oshushu; oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni ngoku baqokelela irhafu yentengiso kubathengisi abakude, bebeka indawo yokudlala izitore zezitena nezomsinga.

Njengoko i-ecommerce ikhula, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka balungelelanise uhlaziyo nempilo yentengiso yomzimba. Ukuzingela “izinto eziziintsomi eziziinqanawa ezigcina impahla eziziinqanawa eziziinqanawa ezigcina inqwelo-mafutha kunye namabala asecaleni kwenqanawa ezincinane akwindawo engaphambili kufuneka abekwe phambili.

Isiphelo: Indima Yakho Ekulungiseni Amava Okuthenga

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni akangowona mgama uthe ngqo; ngumgangatho osondelene kakhulu norhulumente kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Usunduluka umnyango ukuze uthenge ikofu okanye uthathe uxwebhu, uhamba ngelizwe elakhiwe yimithetho yasekuhlaleni, uvavanyo, izihlolo, kunye noqingqo-mali. Ukubona oku kwenza ukuba ube ngummi othenjiweyo kukuvumela ukuba ube yintlanganiso yocwangciso, ukuvota kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni, okanye ukunikeza nje ingxelo xa kuvulwa ivenkile entsha.

Xa uxhasa amashishini asekuhlaleni kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokusebenza kwe-pro-commerce, unceda ekuyileni umjikelo onesidima: Iivenkile ezichumayo zivelisa ingeniso yerhafu eninzi enokuthi imali yerhafu engcono izitrato kunye nezithuba zikawonke-wonke, ezithi ngokulandelayo zitsale abathengi abangakumbi. Ngokuchasene nokulawula kwasekuhlaleni kungakhokelela kwinkqubela-phambili yecookie, incitshiswe, kunye namaxabiso aphezulu. Xa uhamba evenkileni, zithathe ixesha lokuxabisa amawaka ezigqibo zemimiselo ezenziwe ngurhulumente wakho ohlala apho, eziwenza kube nokwenzeka ngelo xesha, kwaye qwalasela indlela onokuziphembelela ngayo ezo zigqibo zigqibo zilungileyo.

Xa uqonda indlela urhulumente wasekuhlaleni anxibelelana ngayo namava akho okuthenga, uba ngumthengi onamandla nongummeli ophumelelayo wasekuhlaleni.