Kwixesha elichazwa yimingeni edityanisiweyo . Ukusuka kutshintsho lwemozulu kunye nobunzima bempilo yoluntu ukuya kumgangatho wemfundo nokwahlulwa kwentlalo kusuke kungxamisekile. Ngoko kungekho vavanyo olunye olusebenzayo lwemisebenzi ekhoyo emhlabeni wonke, iqumrhu elikhulayo lobungqina libonisa ukuba amanyathelo asungulweyo anokuvelisa iziphumo ezinokubonelelwa xa eqwalaselwa kwimo-bume zasekuhlaleni. Ngokuhlolisisa iinkqubo eziphumelelayo ezivela kwimimiselo yenkcubeko nezoqoqosho, abenzi bemithetho, abafundisi-miyalelo, neenkokeli zoluntu banokuyisusa imigaqo edluliselwe kwenye indawo baze baphephe ukukhutshwa kwevili eli sondo. Eli nqaku linika iziphumo ezithe ngqo ekuphakanyisweni kwezifundo zemfundo ezinqamle kwimfundo, impilo, ukulondolo lwemeko-mentlalo, ukuveliswa kwemichini, ukuveliswa kwemichini, ukwenziwa kwemichiza, kunye neziphumo ezifanelekileyo ekufundweni.

Imfundo Ithabatha Inyathelo

Iinkqubo zemfundo ehlabathini lonke zijamelene nocelomngeni olubini lokulungiselela abafundi ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwezoqoqosho ngeli lixa kuvaliswa amathuba angapheliyo okuphumelela. Amazwe amaninzi aye avelisa utshintsho olulungelelanisa ubuchule nokungaguquguquki, ebonisa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle nokuhlala kakuhle akunto ingaqhelekanga.

Umzekelo Wemfundo WaseFinland

Inkqubo yemfundo yaseFinland isoloko iphakathi kwenkcazo yehlabathi lonke, kodwa igxininisa ekukhetheni, ekuthembeni, nasekuzikhetheni kwabafundi kunokuba ivavanywe ngokungapheliyo. Iimpawu ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • Ulungiselelo olukhetheke kakhulu – Kuphela u10-15% yabafundi abaphezulu yalaliswa kwiinkqubo zokufundisa ezikwiqondo eliphezulu lomfundisi- ntsapho, ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi woogqirha abanobuchule obuphezulu.
  • [[UMTH:0] Umfundisi-lwazi oluzimeleyo - Abaqeqeshi bayila eyabo ingeniso kunye neemvavanyo ezikwizikhokelo zesizwe, ukhuthaza ubuchule bokwenza izinto kunye nogwebo lwengcali.
  • Imilinganiselo yovavanyo elungelelanisiweyo[ – iFinland isebenzisa uhlolo olusekelwe kwisikolo kunye novavanyo olunye lwesizwe lokulungisa ukukhwela xa ineminyaka eyi-18 ubudala, inciphisa uxinzelelo loxa isaqinisekisa ukuba ityala liza kuphendula.
  • Inkxaso elungeleleneyo yenkxaso - abafundisi-mfundo abakhethekileyo basebenza kunye nabafundisi-mfundo beklasi ukubonelela ungenelelo lwangoko, kwaye abafundi bangaqhubela phambili ngesantya sabo.

Iziphumo zithetha ngokwabo: Abafundi baseFinland abangowona mdla uphambili nje kuphela ekufundeni, kwizibalo, nakwinzululwazi kwi-OECD’s Programme for International Studentssment (PISA) kodwa kwakhona banikela ingxelo yomgangatho ophezulu wolwaneliseko kunye noxinezeleko oluphantsi. Lo mzekelo uye waphembelela utshintsho kumazwe asuka kuMzantsi Korea ukuya eUnited States, nangona ukuthembela kwawo kwinkcubeko kubafundisi- ntsapho kusenokungakhawulezi kubonakale kuyo yonke indawo. Ukuhlaziywa ngokunzulu kwendlela yokuhamba kweFinland, bona i-ECD Imgalklity Outreal yemfundo yeFinland [.

Indlela Yokufunda Ekrelekrele YaseSingapore

I-Singapore iguqukile ukusuka kwinkqubo eqinileyo, elungele ukuvavanywa ukuya kwenye esekelwe “kukufunda.” Indlela yayo yokufunda igxininisa ukuqonda okunzulu ukucaciswa. Amalungu angundoqo aquka:

  • iqulathe i ``Fundisa Kancinci, Funda Kancinci' inkqubo – i-syllabusis encitshisiweyo inika ixesha kwiprojekthi ezisekelwe kuphendlo kunye nokucingela.
  • Imiyalelo ecwangcisiweyo - Abafundi bahlanganiswa ngokukulungelelene kunokuba babe badala, ngenkxaso ejongiweyo kwabo bazamayo nabatyebisela abafundi abahambe phambili.
  • inkqubela-phambili yezolwazi – A A Academy yonikezelo yabafundisi- ntsapho baseSingapore inika uqeqesho oluqhubekayo, nabafundisi- ntsapho kufuneka bachithe iiyure eziyi100 ngonyaka kulwazi oluthe kratya.

Isenzo seSingapore kwiPISA ne TIMS (ii-Trends kwiMatematika yezizwe ngezizwe kunye neScience Study) sisoloko singaqhelekanga, kodwa okuchukumisa kakhulu kukuncitshiswa kwezithuba eziphumele kwintlalo-ntle yamaqela ezoqoqosho. IBhanki yehlabathi ibalaselisa iSingapore njengohlolisiso kuvavanyo lweenkqubo zokwenza ingeniso.

Inyathelo Lokufunda Ngamanani EKenya

I-Magital Learning Programme yaseKenya eyandululwa ngo-2016, ijolise ekuxhobiseni abafundi besikolo esiphezulu ngecwecwe elinamaxwebhu achaza izinto ezihambisana nocwangciso lwesizwe. Inyathelo eliphambili laba kukunqongophala kwabafundisi-lwazi nokungafumaneki kwamandla eencwadi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Izinto ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • Icebo elisisilumkiso lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo – ngaphezu kwe 1.2 lezigidi zamacwecwe asabelwe izikolo eziphambili zikawonke wonke, kunye nezikhonkwane ezisetyenziswa ngelanga kwimimandla engasetyenziswanga.
  • Ukwenziwa komxholo oqulethwe ngumxholo – iingcali zomxholo-mathetho zaphuhlisa izifundo ezininzi kwisiNgesi nakwiKiswahili, ukubandakanya iividiyo, ii-mibuzo, kunye neemfaniso.
  • Uqeqesho lomfundisi-mfundo – ngaphezu kwe-180 000 abafundisi-mfundo bafumana isatifiketi sokufunda ngemivo ngokusebenzisana neZiko loPhuhliso lweCurriculum laseKenya.

Uvavanyo lwe-UNESCO lwafumanisa ukuba abafundi abathatha inxaxheba kwizikolo babonisa inkqubela ebalulekileyo ekufundeni nokubhala nakukusebenzisa inani lemali, ingakumbi amantombazana awayengakwazi ukufunda izinto ezincinane ngaphambili ngaphandle kwesikolo. Iingxaki zisala ````ugcino lwedevice kunye ne-Intanethi yokunxibelelana zizinto eziqhubekayo' eziqhubekayo) kodwa umgudu weKenya ubonisa ukuba ukutsibela kwizifundo zamanani kunokwenzeka kwanakwimiqathango esezantsi. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezininzi, funda ingxelo [[FLT: 0] UNESCO] kwizifundo zamanani eAfrika.

Impilo Iqalisa

Iinkqubo zoluntu jikelele zempilo ziphantsi kwengcinezelo yabemi abalupheleyo, ukunyuka kwezifo ezingasasazekiyo, kunye nezifo ezibulalayo. Amanyathelo okusungula anxulumene nokuthintelwa, ukudityaniswa kwebutho labantu, kunye nentsebenziswano yeqela elinqamlezayo anika imifanekiso ekwazi ukusetyenziswa.

Isalathiso Sezolonwabo Lwesizwe SaseBhutan Njengendawo Yomsebenzi Wezempilo

I-Bhutan edumileyo ibeka imixholo ephambili ethi “Gross National Yolonwabo” (GNH) ngaphezu kwemveliso yasekhaya Egratya. Le ntanda-bulumko ichaphazela zonke iinkalo zomgaqo-nkqubo, kuquka impilo. Kunokuphatha impilo njengokungekho kwesifo, indlela kaBhutan yokuqhubana kwengqondo, okomoya, kunye nentlalo-ntle yemekobume. Iziqalelo ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • Impilo yengqondo njengeyona iphambili kwisizwe – urhulumente uye wandisa iinkonzo zokucebisa, waseka inkqubo yokuthintela ukuzibulala kwesizwe, kwaye udibanisa ingqondo kwizifundo zesikolo.
  • Inkqubo yonyango oluphangaleleyo-Abaguli bangakhetha phakathi konyango lweBhutanse (osekelwe ekunyangeni iTibet) kunye nonyango lwale mihla lwe-bioddicine, lusoloko lufumana zombini.
  • [[NTL:0] Ucwangciso lwempilo olusekelwe kwikhommu-mmony – “amabhunga e-GNH” ahlola iimfuno zempilo anike oovimba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uluntu oluselubala lunelizwi.

Ngeli xesha i-GDP kaBhutan ka-Bhutan ihlala iphantsi, iziphumo zayo zempilo zithelekisa kakuhle nabamelwane abazizityebi. Eli lizwe lafumana inkcazo yempilo-mpilo jikelele ngo-2019, kunye nengxelo yentlalo entle yengqondo phakathi kweyona iphezulu e-Asia. Intlangano yezonyango yehlabathi ibhale phantsi imithetho yenkcubeko yengqondo yeBhutan njengemodeli yempilo yengqondo edibanisa impilo yengqondo kwinkathalo engundoqo.

Indlela Yezempilo Yentsapho YaseBrazil (Estratégia Saúde da Família)

I-Brazil’s Family Health Strategy (FHS) yenye yezona nkqubo ziphambili zokunyamekela abantu ezisekelwe kuluntu ehlabathini, eziquka abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-180. Yenzelwe ukufikelela abantu abahlala emaphandleni abahlala emadolophini abangafunwayo kwinkqubo yonyango. Amalungu e-Core aquka:

  • Abasebenzi bezonyango abasebenza ngokumanyeneyo (amadoda asebenzayo i-counários de saúde) – iqela ngalinye liquka ugqirha, umongikazi, ugqirha wamazinyo, kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango basekuhlaleni abatyelele ekhaya, banikezele imfundo yempilo, kunye nomzila kwizigulana ezikwi-triki.
  • Empasinga ekuthinteleni – Amaphulo okugonya, ukunyangwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka, ulawulo lwezifo ezinganyangekiyo (umzimba, isifo seswekile) adluliselwa ngokuphandle kunokulinda izigulana ukuba zigule.
  • Udibaniso neenkonzo zentlalo – amaqela ezempilo ahambelana nezikolo, iinkqubo zokudlulisela imali (Bolsa Família), kunye namasebe ogutyulo ukuphendula imiqobo yempilo.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba oomasipala abasebenza ngokupheleleyo kwiFHS babonile ukuncipha kwenani lama-20% ekufeni kwanakuncitshiswa kweshumi% kwiimeko zokugula ezinxulumene nezibhedlele. ILancet[ yapapasha uhlalutyo oluqaqambileyo lweFHS njengemodeli yexabiso lemali efunekayo ekufumaneni inkcitho yempilo ephakathi kumazwe afumana ingeniso.

ICheck Squage Yomhlaba Wonke YaseThailand

I-Thailand yaqalisa iChebery yayo yeSicwangciso se-Universal Courage (Universal Courage) ngo-2002, inika i-inshorensi yempilo kubemi abazizigidi ezingama-47 ababengakhange bafumaneke. Impumelelo yale nkqubo ixhomekeke kwindlela yayo elula, epheleleyo:

  • Imali esekelwe kwinkxaso-mali – urhulumente uhlawula isixa sonyaka esisigxina kummi ngamnye obhalisile kwinethwekhi yonikezelo olufunyanisiweyo, efaka isikhathalelo sokukhusela kunye nolawulo lwexabiso.
  • [[NTLA:0] Intethe ye-athom-eququzelela umguli, umguli, unyango oluphezulu (umz., unyango lwemichiza, idialysis) kunye noluhlu oluninzi lwamayeza afunekayo anokuhlawulwa okuncinane.
  • Ukugcinwa kwesango eliphambili lokunyamekela - Izigulana kufuneka zifumane iyunithi yengqalelo yokuqala, ngaphandle kokuba yeyokwenyaniso yemeko kaxakeka, ukunciphisa ukunyuka kakhulu kwesibhedlele.

I-Thailand yafikelela kufutshane nengqungquthela epheleleyo kwiminyaka emithathu, kwaye inkcitho yempilo eyintlekele yehla ukusuka ku 5,5% ukuya ku1.4% yeentsapho. I-WHO Bulletin inika ityala i-UCS ngokuphucula ngokuphawulekayo ukulingana kwempilo, ingakumbi phakathi kwabemi basemaphandleni.

Amanyathelo Okusingqongileyo

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kufuna inyathelo elingxamisekileyo.

Irhafu Yekharbon YaseSweden

Yaziswa ngo-1991, irhafu yekharbon yaseSweden yenye yezona ziphezulu ehlabathini, ngoku ingaphezulu kwe-101 ngetoni ye-CO2. Abahlalutyi baqala baxela kwangaphambili ukonakaliswa kwezoqoqosho, kodwa iziphumo zichasene. Iziphumo ziimpawu ezingundoqo zoyilo:

  • Intengiso ebanzi nokungahlawulwa kwemali – Irhafu isebenza kwilahle yelahle yelahle yelahle esetyenziselwa ukufudumeza nokuthutha, kodwa amacandelo oshishino ajongene nokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe afumana isantya esiphantsi ukunqanda ukuvuza kwekharbon.
  • Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwe-Rembue – Ingeniso inikezelwa kwimisebenzi yamandla ehlaziyekayo (umoya, ilanga, i-bienergy), iinkqubo zempumelelo yombane, kunye nonciphiso kwirhafu yengeniso-mali) eyenza utshintsho lwamkeleke ekuhlaleni.
  • Imigaqo-nkqubo yokulungisa – Irhafu yekharbon isebenza kwicala lenkqubo yorhwebo olunamandla (EU ETS) kunye nemithetho yokwakha eqinileyo.

I-Sweden inciphise umphunga wayo wegesi ekhupha igesi eshushu ngama-35% ukususela ngo-1990 ngexesha ifumana unyuko lwe-GDP olungaphezulu kwama-75%. I- World Bank [ ikhankanya irhafu yeSweden njengomzekelo okhokelayo wendlela ikharbon cripting enokuthi ikhuhle ngayo inkqubela yezoqoqosho ekukhutshweni komphunga. Isifundo esingundoqo sithetha ukuba ixabiso eliphezulu kwikharbon, elidityaniswe ngokuthe ngcembe nelithayo kukhuphiswano, lingaqhuba uphuhliso ngaphandle kokwenza ukhuphiswano.

Indlela Yokugawulwa Kwamahlathi ERwanda Nokwanda Kwamahlathi

IRwanda, ilizwe elincinane, elinabantu abaninzi eMpuma Afrika, liye laguquka ngokuphawulekayo. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwelizwe ngo-1994, igqubuthelo lamahlathi lancipha langaphantsi kwe-10% kummandla welizwe. Namhlanje, liye labuyela kuma-30% ngokudibanisa inkqubo yemabhongo kunye nomanyano lwasekuhlaleni.

  • Unganda (umsebenzi womanyano) – Mgqibelo wokugqibela wenyanga, abemi bathatha inxaxheba kwinkonzo yoluntu enyanzelekileyo, ngokufuthi ebandakanya ukutyala imithi nokucoceka kobume bemeko-bume. Oku kuye kwahlasela izigidi zamatsha - ntliziyo.
  • ulwandiso lwendawo olukhuselweyo – iVolcapes National Park neNyungwe National Park luye lwandiswa lwaze lwalandelwa, lwandisa uhambo lwe-ecoism kunye nokukhusela intlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
  • Bhann kwiplastiki enye esetyenziswayo – iRwanda yaba yenye yamazwe okuqala ukuvala iingxowa zeplastiki, ilandelwa kukuvalwa kweebhotile zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye kwipaki zesizwe, ngokuphawulekayo ukucutha inkunkuma nongcoliso.

Imigudu yokubuyisela amahlathi iphinde yabuyisela indawo yokuhlala yee-gorila ezisecicini lokutshatyalaliswa kwentaba kunye nokukhukuliseka komhlaba okuthi ngokulandelayo kuphucule imveliso yokulima. IUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) ibalaselise iRwanda njengebali elinempumelelo ekulungiseni umhlaba, ibonisa ukuba namazwe anezinto ezisikelwe umda angaguqula ukuwohloka kwemekobume ngokokuthanda okunamandla kwezobupolitika kunye nobunikazi bentlalo.

Imali ebhatalayo yeCosta Rica kwiiNkonzo zeEcosystem (PES)

Inkqubo yobonelelo lweenkonzo ze-Ecosystem Services esungulwe ngowe-1997, iye yanceda ekupheliseni ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi nokulondolozwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Le nkqubo isebenza nje ngeli nqaku: Abemi banikwa intlawulo yemali ngeenkonzo zendalo enikelwa ngamahlathi abo, njengokusetyenziswa kwekharbon escare, umgaqo wamanzi, kunye nokulondolozwa kwendawo yokuhlala.

  • [ Iintshukumisa zemali – inkcitho yerhafu yelizwe yepetroli, irhafu yamanzi, kunye nentlawulo kwiinkampani zombane zamanzi ahamba ngamanzi ezincedayo kumanzi akhuselweyo.
  • [[UMTHETHO] Isabelo sobungangamsha – Abanini-mhlaba bakhetha ukubhalisa umhlaba wabo ngamaxesha ango 5-15 eminyaka, befumana intlawulo ngehekthare nganye ngonyaka.
  • Iziphumo ezinokufumaneka-indawo egqunywe lihlathi eCosta Rica zikhule ukusuka kuma-26% ngo1934 ukuya ngaphezu kwama-55% namhlanje, kwaye ngoku ilizwe livelisa umbane ongaphezulu kwekota yombane walo osuka kwinqanawa enamanzi aphuma emanzini anesondlo.

IPES ivezwe kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka iMexico, iBrazil, kunye neVietnam. Abaphandi kwi World Resources Institute [ igxininisa inkqubo ye Costa Rica njengovavanyo lokudibanisa izikhuthazo zezoqoqosho kunye nosukelo lolondolozo.

Izinto Ezithatyathwayo Entlalweni

Iinkqubo zoluntu ezithetha ngokulinganayo nokufakwa kwemibutho ekhuthaza ukuxhatshazwa kwentlalo zibalulekile ekwakheni ibutho labantu abakwaziyo ukumelana nazo.

Iinkqubo Zokufuduka EJamani

Ukuphendula ingxaki yokufuduka ngo-2015, xa kwafika abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi abafuna indawo yokhuseleko, iJamani yaqalisa unxulumano olubanzi oluye lwayindawo ebanzi ehlabathini lonke. Indlela yokudibanisa ukuqokelelwa kolwimi kwasekuqaleni nokudibanisa ugcino-mali olukhawulezileyo.

  • Iizifundo zomanyano lwesizwe ezidityanisiweyo – abafuni be-Asylmu abanethemba lokuhlala bafumana iiyure ezingama-600 zoqeqesho lolwimi lwesiJamani kunye neeyure ezilishumi zokufundisa amaphondo ngemithetho yeJamani, impucuko, kunye namaxabiso.
  • uhlolo lobuchule kunye nokusasazwa komsebenzi – iDederal Working Agency iqhuba intlukwano yokukhuphisana kwisithuba seeveki zokufika, inikela uqeqesho lomsebenzi, iinqanawa zemfazwe, kunye nokubekwa kwemisebenzi okudityaniswe namashishini asekuhlaleni.
  • Abacebisi bamaqumrhu – Oomasipala abakwizibini zeembacu ezinabacebisi bamatsha - ntliziyo abancedisayo ekulawuleni iinkqubo zolawulo lobundlobongela, ukufumana indawo yokuhlala, nokwakha iingingqi zoluntu.

Ngo-2022, ngaphezu kwama-50% eembacu ezafika ngo-2015 zazisebenza rhoqo, kwaye iziphumo zemali ziguqukile ukusuka kwixabiso elifutshane ukuya kwigalelo elifanelekileyo lomnatha kwimo yentlalo-ntle. CD ihlalutyile inkqubo yokudibanisa iJamani njengemodeli yokulungelelanisa izibophelelo zobuntu nempumelelo yezoqoqosho.

Iqela leIndiya Lokuzinceda (SHG)

Umbutho weqela leIndiya lokuzinceda yenye yeenkqubo ezinkulu zokuxhobisa iingca ezisetyenziswa ehlabathini, zifikelela kumabhinqa angaphezu kwekhulu lezigidi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. I-National Liveliodess Mission (NRLM) inika amathambo omzimba, kodwa i-injini yokwenene ngamaqela akwidolophana alinganayo amabhinqa ahlala kunye aphinda abolekane. Angundoqo:

  • [[NTL:0] Imibhobho-okanye ngaphandle kwemidibanisi - Amaqela agcina imali egciniweyo ukunika iimali ezincinci zemisebenzi engenisa ingeniso (umz., ukuthenga umatshini wokuthunga, ukuqala i-state yemifuno), ukudlula iibhanki zesithethe kunye neemali.
  • Inkqubo ye- yoqhagamshelwano lwezibhegi – urhulumente kunye neebhanki zorhwebo zinikezela ngekomkhulu kwi-SHGs kwinzala ephantsi, zixhathisa ukunyaniseka kwamaqela kwaye zinciphisa umngcipheko ongagqibekanga.
  • Isakhiwo soshishino-lwazi [[FLT: 0]-1] – SHGs zinikela uqeqesho kwimfundo yemali, ulawulo loshishino, amalungelo amabhinqa, kunye nokuphaphela kwempilo. Amaqela amaninzi aguquka abe yimibutho exhasa utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo kumgangatho wesithili.

Uphando lweBhanki yeWorld Bank lubonisa ukuba amabhinqa aba nenxaxheba kwi-SHGs ubuncinane iminyaka emibini afumana unyuko lwengeniso yekhaya olungama-30%, amandla okwenza izigqibo aphuculiweyo kwikhaya, kunye nonciphiso kugonyamelo lwasekhaya. I- World Bank[ ibizwa ngokuba ngumbutho we-SHG] “sisixhobo esinamandla soncedo lwezoqoqosho lwamabhinqa” kwaye iye yaxhasa imizekelo efanayo eBangladesh, e-Ethiopia, nasePeru.

Umgaqo - siseko Wezithethe Ezininzi EKhanada

Inkqubo yaseKhanada yokulawulwa kwezithethe ezisemthethweni, eyaqulunqwa ngowe-1988, idlulela ngapha kokunyamezela iinguqu ezahlukahlukeneyo ukukhuthaza ngokukhutheleyo ukulondolozwa nokwabelana ngelifa lenkcubeko. Le nkqubo ixhaswa ziinkqubo zekonkcubeko:

  • [[UMHLA] Ukuhlanganisa imibutho yobuhlanga noweendwendwe – ISebe leLifa lemveli laseKhanada linika iminikelo kumaqela oluntu alungelelanisa imibhiyozo yenkcubeko, iiklasi zolwimi, kunye neeverhe zokulwa noTracism.
  • Iinkonzo zengingqi ezifudukayo – Abatsha bafumana uqeqesho lolwimi, uncedo lwemisebenzi, kunye nolwalathiso kwibutho laseKhanada, elidla ngokunikezelwa yimibutho yasekuhlaleni engangeni ngeniso ixhaswe ngurhulumente wezwe.
  • Umthetho wokwahlula-hlula – Umthetho wamalungelo abantu weCanadian nomthetho wephondo wokwalela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, kwimvelaphi yesizwe, kunqulo, nakwamanye amacandelo, onyanzeliswe kwiinkundla ezifikelelekayo.

IKhanada isoloko ijongene neqela lamazwe aphezulu lolwaneliseko lofuduko kunye nomanyano lwentlalo. Ngokwe- Igunya lase Canada, inkqubo ikhuthaze imvakalelo yokuba lilungu: ngaphezu kwama- 85% abaphambukeli bathi baziva benamandla kakhulu” okanye “banamandla” ukusondelelana ne Canada. Ngexa iingxaki zishiyekile qha, ingakumbi malunga neziphumo zezoqoqosho kwiqela elibonakalayo--Cmada inika isikhokelo kumazwe angqubanayo nolwando olukhulayo.

Isiphelo

Inyathelo eliphambili elibekwe apha likwabelana ngemisonto eqhelekileyo: zinomongo obebekiweyo, zixhaswa lulawulo lwezopolitiko, kwaye zenziwe ngendlela yokufunda nokuqhelanisa. IFinland ibonisa ukuba ukukholosa ngootitshala kungenza umsebenzi ophezulu ngaphandle kovavanyo oluphezulu. iKenya ibonisa ukuba izixhobo zamanani zingakhupha izithuba zebhulorho kumfundisi-lwazi kunye nokufikelela. I-Sweden ingqina ukuba ikharbon crigerive iyakwazi ukukhupha unciphiso lomoya ngelixa inkxaso yezoqoqosho. IRwanda ibonisa ukuba umgangatho owonakeleyo ungabuyiselwa ngokuzinzo kunye nokhokelo olunamandla. IJamani kunye neIndiya isikhumbuza ukuba umanyano kunye nobuchule boluntu kunye nobuchule bokufundisa amabhinqa bunokufumaneka ngokulungelena, iinkqubo ezininzi zomdlalo.

Akukho nyathelo linye linokukhutshelwa likhulu, kodwa imigaqo `ekuqaleni ungenelelo, ukuba negalelo, ukusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi ekwenzeni izigqibo, kunye nokudibana kwamacandelo akwindawo ebanzi. Ngokuya lidibana kakhulu ihlabathi, ithuba lokufunda kwimizekelo ephumelelayo yamanye amazwe alizange libe likhulu. Ngokufunda ezi nkqubo zilungileyo ngokungqongqo kwaye sizilungelelanise kakuhle, singaqhubela phambili kwinkqubela kucelomngeni olucinezelayo lwexesha lethu.