Table of Contents
Izoqoqosho Zokulondoloza Umlindi Wesizwe
INational Guard ngumkhosi okhethekileyo kwisakhiwo somkhosi waseUnited States, osebenza phantsi komyalelo obini wesizwe esiphetheyo. Amalungu ayo asebenza njengabemi-abasebenzi bomthonyama, alungelelanisa imisebenzi yabo yezoburhulumente nemisebenzi yezomkhosi, kwaye abalulekile kuko kokubili ukhuseleko lwelizwe lakubo kunye nemisebenzi yaphesheya kwelizwe. Kodwa lo mkhosi ubandakanya urhwebo oluntsonkothileyo lwezoqoqosho oluphumayo kurhulumente, urhulumente, kunye noqingqo-mali lwasekuhlaleni, kunye noqoqosho lwemali lwasekuhlaleni, kunye noqoqo lwemali lwecandelo labucala. Ukuqonda ezi zoqoqosho kubalulekile kubenzi bezopolitiki abamele balungele ukulingana noxanduva lomthwalo, kunye nabahlawuli abagcina intlawulo ekugqibeleni begalelo. Eli nqaku linika uhlolo olunexabiso, olugunyazayo lwemali, lwemali, neenzuzo zoqoqosho lwemali olude lwe-Aviortion.
Iindleko zabasebenzi: Elona candelo likhulu lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali
Inkcitho yabasebenzi ityala malunga nama-60 ukuya kuma-70 ekhulwini eendleko zonyaka zonke zokulondoloza uKhuselo lweSizwe, ukuzenza zibe yeyona nto inkulu kakhulu. Ezi ndleko ziquka intlawulo esisiseko, imali ehlawulwayo, iibhonasi, iminikelo yomhlala-phantsi, kunye nokunyanyekelwa kwempilo yamalungu esithethe enxalenye yexesha kunye nabasebenzi benkxaso yexesha elipheleleyo (Active Guard Reserve, okanye AGR).
Isiseko somgaqo-nkqubo kunye neziganeko zexesha
Amalungu esizwe soKhuseleko asebenza impelaveki enye ngenyanga neeveki ezimbini zoqeqesho, afumana ingeniso ngexabiso elilingana nelokusebenza kunye nelokusebenza ngexesha elilinganayo kunye nexesha elisebenzayo emsebenzini. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba amaxesha okuqhelisela alinganiselwe, imbuyiselo yaminyaka le kwilungu eliqeshiweyo loMgaqo-mkhosi elinguMncinci ingaba ngu-$6,000-$10, ngexesha umphathi omkhulu ebenokufumana ii-$30,40 000 (R1,50 000) kumvuzo wokubhola kuphela. Kodwa xa abagada bebizwa kumsebenzi osebenzayo womsebenzi wolawulo okanye wongxamiseko karhulumente, intlawulo lwabo lunganyuka lungaphinda-phinda-phindene okanye luye kwixabiso lomkhosi ngelo xesha.
Inkxaso yexesha elipheleleyo kunye neendleko zeGR
I-Arevers yeSizwe ngasinye isebenzisa amawaka abasebenzi bexesha elipheleleyo, kuquka abaphathi-mikhosi be-AGR, amagcisa, nabasebenzi abangathathi-nxaxheba abalawula izakhiwo zoqeqesho, ii-logs, kunye nolawulo. NgokweNational Guaudio, kukho iindawo ezimalunga nama-56,000 e-AGR kumazwe onke, nganye exabisa u-AR3 000 000 ngonyaka kuquka neenzuzo. Oku kudibanisa malunga ne-R3,6 lamawaka ezigidi ngonyaka kuqingqo-mali abasebenzi be-Rhover, isixa esisoloko sityeshelwa kwingxoxo eqwalaselwe kwinxalenye yexesha elithile.
Iingenelo Nembopheleleko Yokwenza Umhlala - phantsi
Inkathalo yempilo nge-TRICARE Reserve Khetha, i-inshorensi yobomi, kunye nenkqubo yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi edityanisiweyo ikwamele amatyala abalulekileyo exesha elide. ISebe lokhuselo liqikelela ukuba ityala elingamiselwanga lemali yemali yeNational Guard neReserve lingaphezulu kwee-R350 zezigidi zezigidi zeerandi, ngeminikelo efunekayo minyaka le nto igcina inkqubo inyibilikisa.
Izixhobo kunye nezakhiwo: Ukungagqibeleli
INational Guard isebenza uludwe olubanzi lwezixhobo .ukusukela kwihelikopta kunye neelori ezinzima ukuya kwigiya yothungelwano kunye namaqela ezonyango. Ukugcina esi sixhobo kungumzamo ophambili ofuna utyalo-mali oluzinzileyo ukudlula amashumi eminyaka.
Unyango kunye nolulo lwezi mini
Ngokungafaniyo namandla asebenzayo omsebenzi, afumana izixhobo ezintsha rhoqo kwimijikelo yokufumana iminyaka emininzi, abalindi bafumana i-ofisi ye-Akhawunti yesandla ephantsi kwezixhobo. Sekunjalo, abalindi kufuneka bafumane iinkqubo ezintsha ukwenzela imisebenzi eyodwa . Njenge C- 130H ethutha inqwelo-moya yokuphakamisa amaphiko okanye i-M109A7 eziziqhubayo ngokwayo ngemijikelezo yezixhobo zasendle. I-ofisi ye-Akhawunti (GAO) iphawule ukuba isantya sogcino lwezixhobo zokulungisa simalunga no-0.7% ngonyaka, ithetha ukuba izakuthatha iminyaka engaphezu kwe-140 ukuthatha zonke izixhobo endaweni yazo kwimigangatho yoncedo lwangoku. Oku kusenziwa phantsi kwe-indawo egcina iindleko yokuqhuba iindleko ezizigcina iindleko.
Ipetroli, Ukusetyenziswa Kwezixhobo, Neendawo Ezineepetroli
Uqeqesho lwaminyaka le lusebenzisa izigidi zemalitha zepetroli kunye nezinye izinto zepetroli. Isicelo soqingqo-mali soMkhosi soMkhosi sonyaka wama-2024 sohlalo lwe-National Guard sodwa sasizii-R2,2 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zeerandi. Iindleko zokhuseleko zilingana: iMikhosi yama-55th yoKhuselo i-Squadron, i-Guard, idiza ngaphezu kwama-R3 ezigidi zezixhobo ezincinane ngexesha elinye loqeqesho lwaminyaka leminyaka. I-Spare kunye nokugcinwa komsebenzi wongeza enye i-R3,4 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ze-R1, ngokwe-National Guard Bureauay.
Izakhiwo Nezakhiwo Zokwenene
Urhulumente ngamnye ugcina izikhuselo, amaziko oqeqesho, kunye nezibonelelo zexesha elipheleleyo. Ezi zibonelelo zifuna izinto eziluncedo, ukhuseleko, kunye nolungiso lwexesha. Indleko yonyaka elondolozwayo yoMgaqo imalunga nezigidi ezilishumi elinesibini zamawaka amahlanu eerandi, ngokwe-2023 yofundo lweRAND R1, kodwa imali efunekayo igubungela kuphela ama-60% emfuneko, nto leyo ekhokelela kugcino olubekelweyo lwemali exabisa u-R3 bhiliyoni lezigidi. Olu lungiso lubekelwe ixesha lokuzigcina luye lufuneka ekugqibeleni njengoko ukulungiswa koxakeka koxakeka kuyimfuneko.
Iindleko Ezisebenzayo Ngexesha Lelahleko
Xa iQuquzelelo livulelwe iingozi zikarhulumente okanye iinkonzo zikarhulumente, amaxabiso asebenzayo anyukayo. Ezi ndleko ziquka ezothutho, ezonxibelelwano, inkxaso yezamayeza, kunye nentlawulo yabasebenzi nganye ehlawulwayo.
Ukhuthuzo lomkhosi wesizwe osebenzayo
Ukusebenza kwemeko-ntle (umz., ukuphendula kwenkanyamba, isiphithiphithi samakhaya) zixhaswa ekuqaleni yi-FEMA kodwa zinokuhlawulelwa yi-FEMA phantsi kwezibhengezo ezithile zentlekele. Kodwa ke, inkqubo yokuhlawula imali ithatha kancinci, idla ngokuthabatha iinyanga ezili-18-24, inyanzelisa uqingqo-mali lukarhulumente ukuthwala ityala elifutshane lexesha elizayo. Ukuquququzelelwa kwemali (umz., ukuthunyelwa kwelizwe laphesheya kolwandle) kuhlawulelwa ngemali nge-Rovectors Imisebenzi engaphezulu kwamawaka ali-20, ukuhlawula iinyanga ezintandathu, ukuhlawula ii-e-e-e-e-ethelekelela, ukuhlawula i-endleko-mali, ukuqinisekisa kwe-e-e-e-e-e-ekubonena, ukuxhasa kwe-e-e-e-RodollayP, ukujikeleza kwe-R36, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Rodmini, ukudiza-Rod, ukudiza ii-Rondo, ukuxhasa koog.
Iinkqubo Zokuhlasela Ezikhawulezayo
Ukuvakalisa ungxamiseko lukarhulumente kubangela ukuba uhlawulwe ixesha elongeziweyo (umthetho owenziwe ngekota unika amalungu oMgaqo-mkhosi ixesha nesiqingatha kumsebenzi osebenzayo wengingqi ngaphaya kweeyure ezingama-40 ngeveki). Ngexesha leziganeko ezifana neSitshingitshane uFlorence (2088), ezi ndleko zomsebenzi othe kratya zongeza ii-4,5 lezigidi zemali kumali yoMzantsi Carolina kuphela. Ukongeza, ukunyuka kwesantya sombane soomatshini bokusebenza ($/ooooduladula-bhabhabhabha-bhaso, iinqwelo-moya, iinkampu zexeshanadanga ezithe kratyani ngexabiso elingaphezulu nge30/50% ngexabiso lesiseko lemisebenzi ecwangci.
Ukuzinza Kwezonyango Neendleko
Ukungaphili-mali kwandisa iimfuno zomzimba nezempilo yengqondo kumajoni. Uvavanyo lonyango lwempilo lwasemva kwe-detroy, unyango lwe-PTSD, kunye nokuguqulwa okungaphaya kwenkqubo yokungagqibeki kwemali kuxabisa umlinganiselo wee-$2,000 ngelungu elibuyayo, ngokweSebe leMicimbi yezemali. Le ndleko isoloko ithwalwa iminyaka emva kokuthunyelwa, ikwenza kube lula ukungazihoyi kuhlaziyo lwemali yexesha elide kodwa okubalulekileyo kucwangciso lwemali lwexesha elide.
Ukubonelela ngoomatshini kunye nokuhlaliswa
Ukuqonda indlela iNational Guard ehlawulwa ngayo ngemali kucacisa ukurhoxa kwezoqoqosho. Uqingqo-mali lwabaphathi-mali luhamba ngemijelo emithathu ephambili: uqingqo-mali lwezokhuselo lwamaqumrhu, ukusetyenziswa kwengxelo yesizwe, kunye nenkcitho yeFEMA.
Uhlolo lomanyano
Olona sabelo lukhulu luvela kwiSebe loKhuselo loMkhosi noMmandla weSizwe (NGREA) kunye noMkhosi noMkhosi noMkhosi woMoya kunye nee-akhawunti zogcino. Ngonyaka wama-2024, inkxaso yemali edibeneyo yeSebe yaba malunga nama-44 amawaka ezigidi zezigidi zemali. Noko ke, le nkxaso ithintelwa kakhulu zizinto eziphambili zokhuselo lwesizwe.
Iminikelo yezoburhulumente kunye noguqu-guquko lwesizwe
Amazwe anikela malunga ne 10-15% yamaxabiso apheleleyo enkxaso yoMgaqo-majoni, ubukhulu becala amaziko, intlawulo esebenzayo karhulumente, kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngokukhethekileyo kwii-ofisi zasekhaya. Kodwa eli pesenti lihluka kakhulu ngobutyebi borhulumente nogxininiso lwenkqubo. Umzekelo, iNew York ichithe ii-$24222 zezigidi kuMgaqo-mali wayo ngowama-2022, ngenxa yokusebenza kukarhulumente, ngelixa iWyoming ichithela nje ii-$4 zezigidi. Oku kuphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokulingana nomthwalo olinganayo ngexesha lentlekele ekhoyo.
ISihlomelo neZibonelelo
I-FEMA imbuyiselo yamazwe angama-75% yamaxabiso afanelekileyo aBagada ngexesha leentlekele ezibhengeziweyo, kodwa ama-25% aseleyo angazama ukuhlawula imali yorhulumente. Ngaphezu koko, iSebe leMimiselo linika inkxaso yeenkonzo ezichasene neziyobisi kunye nokhuseleko, ezigubungela iindleko ezithile zokusebenza kodwa ezisoloko zibakho neemfuno ezingqongqo.
Iingenelo Zezoqoqosho: Azinakuthelekiswa Nanto
Ngoxa iNational Guard ithwala iindleko eziphezulu, ikwavelisa iinzuzo ezinkulu zezoqoqosho ezinciphisa inkcitho.
Iziphumo ezininzi zezoqoqosho zasekuhlaleni
Xa uloliwe wogada okanye esebenza kuluntu, bafaka imali kwizoqoqosho zasekuhlaleni ngezivumelwano zokutya, zokuhlala, zepetroli, kunye neenkonzo. Uhlolisiso lwama-2029 olwenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseIllinois luthelekelele ukuba ukuqeqeshwa kwaminyaka le kwabali-500 abali-209 lezigidi kumsebenzi wezoqoqosho. Kulo lonke ilizwe, uqeqesho kunye nemisebenzi kuvelisa iziphumo ezithe kratya malunga no-1.4:1 kwi-dola nganye echithwa kwimisebenzi yogalelo lwamazwe kwiphondo kwilizwe.
Ukuzinziswa Komsebenzi Nokuhlawula
Abagada basebenzisa amalungu angaphezu kwama-450 000 (abala omabini ixesha kunye nexesha elipheleleyo), bewenza omnye wabaqeshi abakhulu be-quasi-mpulukene kwilizwe. Iindawo zogada zexesha elipheleleyo zinika izinziso, iklasi ephakathi, imivuzo eluncedo kwiindawo ezinokuba namathuba alinganiselweyo azimeleyo ehlelo. Kumazwe asemaphandleni anjengeMontana okanye iMississippi, i-gaderi ingaba ngomnye wabaqeshi abaphezulu abalishumi.
Ukuphepha Ixabiso: Kuyinkcitho Ngaphezu Kwemisebenzi Ekhutheleyo Yemisetyenzana Yasekhaya
I-ofisi yeSebe leHlomelo loHlahlo ifumana ukuba ukusebenzisa iNational Guard ngexabiso elingaphantsi kwama-60% ngemini kuneeyunithi ezisebenzayo kuba abagada sele bebekwe kufutshane nendawo yentlekele, kwaye basoloko besebenzisa izithuthi zabo okanye izixhobo ezisekelwe kummandla wamazwe angaphandle. Kwixesha lentlekele leminyaka emihlanu, oku kusindisa urhulumente worhulumente othelekelelwa kwii-R3,5 zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi.
Imbali: Ukukhula Kwayo Kwaya Kuncipha
Uqoqosho lokugcina ugada lwesizwe lutshintshile ngokuphawulekayo ukususela ekusungulweni kwalo ngo1903 ngeDick Act.
Ukusuka kumkhosi wezombuso ukuya kumkhosi womanyano
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, amajoni aphantse axhotyiswe ngurhulumente, nabesebenzi babephantsi ngenxa yokuba amalungu ayesoloko elungiselela iiyunifomu zawo nezixhobo. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, urhulumente wesizwe wafumana imbopheleleko enkulu yemali, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekunyukeni kwexabiso ngokukhawuleza. Ukulungisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, indleko yaminyaka le-Olding nganye iye yaphinda kathathu ukususela ngo-1950, iqhutywa ngemigangatho yoqeqesho, ukuntsonkotha kwezixhobo, kunye nosukelo olunenzuzo.
Impembelelo Yemfazwe Yehlabathi Lonke Esoyikekayo
Emva kwe-9/11 ixesha labona ukufuduka koMgaqo-majoni ukusuka kwindawo egciniweyo esebenzayo ukuya kumkhosi osebenzayo, ophindaphindwayo phesheya. Oku kwandiswa kakhulu kwexesha lokusebenza kunye nexabiso elinxulunyaniswa nexabiso elingu-(ukunyamekela intsapho, inkxaso yentsapho, iPTSD, kunye nokulungisa izixhobo. Uqingqo-mali lweNational Guard lwaminyaka lenyuka ukusuka kwi-R2000 yewaka lewaka lewaka lewaka le-200 ukuya kuma-4 ezigidi nge-2024 (iiiiii-R444 bhiligidi). Ixabiso lexesha elide elisetyenziswayo lilinganiswa njengemibango yexesha elilide lide liselibazisela ukutyhindiselwa kwemiba nezixhobo zempilo ezihlala zinyukayo.
Amaxabiso afunyanwa ngamathuba kunye nee-off-zorhwebo
Ierandi nganye echithwe kwiNational Guard yidola engachithwanga kwezinye izinto zikawonke wonke.
Imisebenzi yorhwebo esebenzayo kunye namanye amalungu eReserve
Ukuxhasa inkxaso-mali ekhoyo yomkhosi osebenzayo, oxabisa kakhulu kwilungu ngalinye kodwa othe wabekwa kwimisebenzi yokulwa ephezulu. Ngokufanayo, iMarine Corps okanye iNaval Reserve ikhuphisana ngezixhobo ezifanayo. Uphando lwama-2021 lwaqukumbela ukuba ukususela u-$5 bhiliyoni ukusuka kuMkhosi woMkhosi ukuya kukuphucula ukulungiselela wonke umlo omkhulu, kodwa ngexabiso lokuncitshiswa kwendlela yokuphendula yasekhaya. Abaphathi-mthetho mabalinganise ezi zixhobo zokusebenza ngokusebenza ngokuchasene ne-ficcobac.
Amathuba afunekayo karhulumente
Imali karhulumente esetyenziselwa ukongeza intlawulo yabalindi, ukwakha izikhuselo, okanye ukugquma izinto ezingasebenzi ngokungeyomfuneko kunokuchithwa kwimfundo, kwisiseko semali, okanye ekunyamekeleni impilo. Umzekelo, iindleko zorhulumente zaminyaka le ezinxulumene nogada eKhalifoniya zingaxhasa abafundisi-bafundisi abangama-6 000 okanye iimayile ezingama-500 zohola wendlela. Ezi ntengiso ziba mandundu ngakumbi xa intlawulo yerhafu ihla.
Iingxaki Zexesha Elizayo Nokuzinziswa Komzimba
Ukukhangela phambili, iprojekthi eziliqela ziza kubumba izoqoqosho zogada besizwe.
Iindleko zabasebenzi ezihlaziyiweyo kunye noMkhosi weSikhundla
Indleko yokufumana nokugcina abasebenzi iyaqhubeka inyuka. Abagada bajongene nobunzima bokudibana namaxhoba abo okufumana uluntu − kuphela 86% yamandla agunyazisiweyo agcwaliswa ngo-2023. Oku kunyusa iibhonasi kunye nenkcitho yorhwebo, iLindi ichitha ii-$400 lezigidi zezigidi zemali ebhaliswe kwiFY2023 kuphela. Ukulondoloza amandla, uqingqo-mali lwexesha elizayo lungafuna ukunyuswa ngokukhawuleza kunokwehla kwexabiso.
Ukuqola Nengcinezelo Yale Mihla
Umlinganiselo wobudala benqwelo-moya egadayo yiminyaka engama-28, ngaphaya kobomi benkonzo obucetyiweyo bamaqonga amaninzi. Imfuneko yokulungisa kwakhona umkhosi.
Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Neentlekele Ezininzi
Iintlekele zemvelo ezixhaphakileyo nezimandundu eziqhutywa kukutshintsha kwemozulu ziza kwandisa umsebenzi osebenzayo wengingqi. Indima yabalindi ekucinezeleni umlilo, ekupheliseni umkhukula, nasekuchacheni kwenkanyamba sele inyuka. Ukuba le ngxaki iyaqhubeka, iindleko zokusebenza zinganyuka ngama-20-30 ekhulwini ngeshumi leminyaka, ukubeka uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo kumali eqingqiweyo yoorhulumente kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lwe-mali lwe-FEMA.
Ukuphumelela kokulawula kwexabiso
Imilinganiselo enokuthi ihlawule imali eninzi iquka ukuqinisa izikhuseli zezixhobo ngaphaya kwamazwana, ukusetyenziswa okukhula kwengingqi ezingezozo ezomkhosi kwimisebenzi yokuxhasa, kunye nokulungisa ukuxubana kwenxalenye yexesha kunye nabasebenzi bexesha elipheleleyo. Kodwa, ugcino-mali ngalunye luthwala iingozi zezobupolitika kunye nezomsebenzi, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuguqula ngokupheleleyo.
Isiphelo: Ukulungelelanisa ubugosa nofundisiso
Uqoqosho lokugcina uKhuselo lwesizwe luchaziwe kakhulu kunexabiso elilula lokufumana ingeniso. Amaxabiso abasebenzi alawula uqingqo-mali, kodwa izixhobo kunye nemfuno zezibonelelo zifunxa ikomkhulu elifanelekileyo. Amaxabiso okusebenza axhonywa ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa, kwaye ugcino olubekekileyo lukhula ngokuthuleyo. Kodwa ugada unikezelo olukhethekileyo lwezoqoqosho `inani elizimeleyo, ixabiso lokuphepha, kunye namandla aguqukayo ekhaya okuphendula ngokubalulekileyo ukhuseleko lwesizwe. Abaphathi-maqhinga mabahambe bendlela ezi ndleko zinzima ngokuqonda okufutshane iindleko zexesha elide kunye neemfuno zexesha elide. Ngokwenza njalo baya kuqinisekisa ukuba umgcini-majoni ahlale eyimali eluncedo, amandla okulungisa iimfuno zesizwe.