Kumaxesha amanani, amalungelo obuqu aye avela njengenye yezona ngxaki zicinezelayo kubantu, kumashishini, nakoorhulumente ngokufanayo. Ngomzuzwana ngamnye, ubuninzi benkcazelo yomntu ngamnye (kusukela kwindlela yokukhangela ukuya kwindawo ethile, ukususela kwintengiselwano yemali ukuya kwi-biometrics(iqokelelwe, isoloko iqwalaselwa, kwaye isetyenziswa. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwakutshanje, i-Internet ikhupha ii-glonethi ze-data ezingaphezu kwe-1.5.5%, kwaye ukudalwa kogcino-data lwehlabathi kuveliswa ukudlula ku-80-zathis ngonyaka ngonyaka ngonyaka ngonyaka ngo-2025. Oku kugqabhuka kogcino-lwazi kuye kwenza ukuqondwa nokusetyenziswa kwamalungelo obuqu kungekuphela nje kwenkxandumiso esemthethweni kodwa kuyinto engundoqo yomntu ngamnye nokhuseleko. Kodwa, nangona abantu abaninzi besazi ukuba bayakwazi ukukhuselwa okanye bakhuselwa njani.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Emfihlelo

Amalungelo obumfihlo axhaphakile njengeqela elincinane lamalungelo abantu elikhusela amandla omntu okulawula ulwazi lwakhe siqu kunye nokungangeni nxaxheba ekungeneni okungafanelekanga. La malungelo afakwe kwizixhobo ezininzi zezizwe ngezizwe, njengeGatya le-12 leSindululo somhlaba wonke samaLungelo Oluntu, esithi "akukho mntu oya kuphazanyiswa ngokungekho mthethweni, intsapho, ikhaya okanye iposi." umgaqo-siseko wesizwe kunye nemithetho ekhoyo ehlabathini lonke, qhaqho eUnited States, anikwe ilungelo lomgaqo-mgaqo-siseko lokuzimela i-mfele eIndiya, //further igxininisa ukubaluleka kwalo mgaqo. Amalungelo obuqu akasayi kuxhomekeka kumgangatho opheleleyo; amele alungelelaniswe nezinye izilangazelelo zokhuseleko zesizwe, impilo kawonke, kunye nenkululeko yokuzikhusela, abantu ngabanye ukuphulukana kwamanani abo, ukuyekelela, ukuyekelela, ukuchana, ukusetyenziswa kobugcinelwa, nokubekwa kweliso.

Ukuqhelisela, amalungelo obuqu aquka imigaqo emininzi engundoqo: ukubonakala ngaphaya kogcino-lwazi, ukuvunyelwa kokulungelelaniswa, umlinganiselo wenjongo (ugcino-lwazi kufuneka lusetyenziswe kuphela ngenxa yesizathu eqokeleliwe), ukuncitshiswa kwedata (kuqokelele kuphela oko kuyimfuneko), kunye nokuphendula kwabalawuli be-data. Le migaqo yenza umva wesiseko sokhuseleko logcino-lwazi lwangoku, ngokungakumbi i-European Union’s General Data Protection Regation (GPR) kunye ne-Liforniast Act (CPA).

Indaleko Yamalungelo Emfihlo

Ingcamango yokuzimela ide yatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kule nkulungwane idlulileyo. Ekuqaleni yamiselwa ekukhuseleni ubungcwele bekhaya ``" ilungelo lokungavunyelwa," njengoko ichazwe ngu Samuel Warren noLouis Brandeis kuphawu lwabo lwe 1890 Inqaku loMthetho weHarvard ``````Ingxelo yomthetho wephepha''''. Inkcazo yonyuswa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuquka ulawulo kunxibelelwano lobuqu, kwangoko kwiingxelo zemali kunye neengxelo zezamayeza, kwaye namhlanje kuyo yonke imikhondo yamanani esiyishiya ngasemva.

Imeko

Ukwamkelwa okusemthethweni kwamalungelo obuqu kwaphumelela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwiziganeko zephawu. EUnited States, Olmstead v. United States (1928) yabona iJaji Brandeis edumileyo ephikisayo isithi ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho ebhaliweyo kwabekwa "ukuphehlwa" kukhuselwe nguMphetho-wesine weSiphendu-/a imbono eyathi ekugqibeleni yaphumelela ku Katz v. United States (1967). EYurophu, iNdibano yeYurophu engokwamalungelo abantu (1953) ikhuselwe ngokucacileyo kwindawo yobuqu phantsi kweSigqendulelo 8. I1970 ivelise imigaqo yokuqala yokhuseleko, njengoMthetho we-GenepaldaywGene (1970) kunye noMthetho wogcino-lwazi lwamazwa ngomthetho lwangoku, i-1977).

Uphuhliso Lwangoku

Utshintsho lwamanani, ingakumbi unyuko lwe-intanethi kunye nekhompyutha ehambayo, lwatshintsha ngokuyintloko ummandla wendalo wemfihlo. Ebutsheni bowama- 2000 kwabonwa ukukhula kogcino-lwazi yizihandiba zobugcisa ezifana noGoogle noFacebook, ngokufuthi ngaphandle kwemvume yomsebenzisi onentsingiselo. Kwimpendulo, i-European Union yamkela i-GDPR ngo-2016 (2018-ephumele), eyamisela ibhedreji yehlabathi lonke yamalungelo obuqu. I-GDPR inika abantu ulawulo oluqinileyo phezu kogcino-lwazi lwabo, ibeka imali enzima yokungadibani noluvolo lwaminyaka lehlabathi (kutsho ku 4% yokujika kwe-ihlabathi), kwaye i-APPC (uragetial Comment) ngokufanayo, CPA (effective 2020) inika abahlala e-California amalungelo amatsha nanjengomthetho omthetho omthetho okhuselwa kwe-Brazil, kuquka noMac.

Amalungelo Abalulekileyo Exesha Lokulawula Kwamanani

Imithetho yanamhlanje yokukhusela ugcino-lwazi iyawaqaphela amalungelo amaninzi angundoqo anika abantu amandla okuphinda balawule inkcazelo yabo. La malungelo acaciswe ngokuphandle phantsi kwe-GDPR, kodwa amalungiselelo afanayo avela kwezinye iindawo.

  • Ilungelo lokufikelela: Abantu ngabanye bangacela uqinisekiso oluvela kumbutho lokuba ingaba i-data yabo isetyenziselwe na, ukuba kunjalo, fumana ukhuphelo lwaloo data kunye neenkcukacha ngeenjongo, iindidi, abamkeli, kunye nexesha lokuzinza. Oku kunceda ukutyhila isithunzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi olungagunyaziswanga.
  • Ilungelo lokuvala (Ilungelo lokulityalwa): Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, abantu bangafuna ukuba imibutho isuse ugcino-lwazi lwabo ngaphandle kokulibaziseka okungafanelekanga. Eli lungelo, limiselwe kwiNkundla yeLungu ye-2014 yobulungisa elawula Google Spain v. AEPD[FLT], isetyenzisiwe ukususa ixakeka okanye iziphumo zokukhangela okungasetyenziswangalungangalulekiyo, nangona kufuneka ilungelelaniswe nxamnye nomdla kawonke wonke.
  • Ilungelo kugcino-lwazi oluphathekayo: Abantu ngabanye bangafumana ugcino-lwazi abalunike umlawuli ngendlela elungeleleneyo, eqhele ukusetyenziswa, ulungiselelo lomatshini wokufunda (umz. JSON) kwaye babe nelungelo lokudlulisela loo data ngqo komnye umlawuli apho ubuchule bunokwenzeka. Oku kukhuthaza ukhuphiswano kwaye kunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzisi abahamba phakathi kweenkonzo.
  • Ilungelo kwinjongo: Abantu ngabanye bangalwa nolungelelwaniso logcino-lwazi lwabo ukwenzela urhwebo oluthe ngqo, uphando lwenzululwazi okanye lwembali, okanye iinjongo zobalo. Xa uqhubekeko lusekelwe kwimfuno ezifanelekileyo okanye kumdla kawonke-wonke, umlawuli makayeke ukulungiselela ngaphandle kokuba abonise izizathu ezinyanzelisayo eziphazamisa izilangazelelo zomntu ngamnye.
  • Ilungelo lokucwangcisa umgaqo: Phantsi kweemeko ezithile (umz., ukukhuphisana nocoselelo okanye ukwenziwa kwento), abantu ngabanye bangamisela indlela esetyenziswa ngayo ugcino-lwazi lwabo, ingakumbi ukukhanyisa ngalo lonke ixesha impikiswano isombululwa.
  • Ilungelo lokungalawulwa kwisigqibo esizenzekelayo-sokwenza: Abantu ngabanye banelungelo lokungathotyelwa kwizigqibo ezisekelwe kuphela kuqhubekeko oluzenzekelayo, kuquka ukunyuswa, okuvelisa iziphumo ezingokwasemthethweni okanye iziphumo ezifanayo ezibalulekileyo. Oku kuyimfuneko kakhulu kwiimithetho-algoritili ezisetyenziswa ekufakeni ityala, ekuqeshini, nakwi-inshorensi.

Indima Yobugcisa Kumalungelo Ecala

Ubuxhakaxhaka busebenza njengesoyikiso kunye nesixhobo sokukhusela imfihlo. Kwesinye isandla, ezi nkqubo zinye ezenza ukuba abantu bakwazi ukunikela uncedo //abathethi abakwaziyo ukunxibelelana, ii-glone, izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo, kwaye yenza amathuba angathethekiyo okuhlola kunye nokusebenzisa ulwazi. Kwelinye icala, izixhobo zobugcisa ezifana nokukhowuda, iinethwekhi zabucala zenyani (VNS), kunye nabakhangeli abajolise ngasese bangazikhusela.

Umthamo kunye noqokelelo logcino-lwazi

Iimodeli zeshishini zamaqonga amaninzi amanani zixhomekeke ekuqokeleleni ubuninzi bolwazi lobuqu oluza kujoliswa kwizibhengezo kunye nemithetho-nkqubo yokucombulula. Eli "ligama eliqanjwe ngunjingalwazi we-Harvard uShoshana Zuboff, lichaza amava abantu njengezinto ezingaqhelekanga ngenxa yokuxela kwangaphambili nokuphathwa kwentengiso. Ii-Cuarties zikwane zibandakanyeka kwiinkqubo zokuhlola uluntu, njengoko zityhilwe nguEdward Snowden ngo-2013, ukuqaqamba umlinganiselo woobhaqo lwee-data bomntu okrelekrele. Ngaphezu koko, ukunyuka kobugcisa bokuqaphela ubuso kwiindawo zikawonke-owonke-olwazi olusuka kwiindawo zeenqwelo-ntaphaneyo ukuya kwiindawo zeevenkile ./i-raise imibuzo enzulu malunga nokungaqondani. A201 uphando lwaseYurophu lufumanise ukuba i-90% yomntu ngamnye ugcino-lwazi lwakhe alukhuselekangane, ukubonakalisa inkcukunaka kolwazi olubanzi kwi-intanethi.

Amanyathelo Okukhowuda Nokhuseleko

Ukukhowuda sisixhobo esinye esisebenzayo sokukhusela ufihlo lwesiphelo somququzelelo kwindawo yamanani. Isiphelo- ukuya ekupheleni kombhalo ofihlakeleyo siqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi abanxibelelanayo bayakwazi ukufunda imiyalezo, ukukhusela abanikezeli benkonzo, oomana-mali, kunye noorhulumente ekuthinteleni unxibelelwano. Iinkqubo ezifana noluTyelelo, into (nesiphelo esingagqibekanga sokubhalisa), kwaye i- i-ijective yenze into eninzi yofihlwayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenzisa i-fly ethembekileyo kuyakwazi ukugquma idilesi ye-IP yomsebenzisi nokufihla i-intanethi yabo, kuyenza ibe nzima amaqela esithathu ukukhangela imisebenzi yawo kwi Internet. Ezinye izenzo ezingcono ziquka ukusebenzisa ii-password ukuvelisa nokugcina ii-password ezintsonkothile, okwenza ukuba kusebenze ubungqina obuninzi obulungileyo kune-SMS, kwaye rhoqo ukuguqula i-software ye-software yokhuseleko.

Ucelomngeni Lokufumana Amalungelo Okufihla Icala

Phezu kwazo nje iinkqubo zomthetho nezixhobo zobugcisa, imiqobo ebalulekileyo isekho ekusebenziseni amalungelo obuqu ehlabathini lonke.

Ucelomngeni Olungokwasemthethweni Nolawulo

Imithetho ye-odokisi yomhlaba wonke ibangela ukudideka kwabantu kunye nemibutho. Inkampani esebenza ngaphaya kolawulo oluninzi kufuneka ivumelane neemfuno ezininzi ezingqubanayo, ngoxa abantu bengenako ukwazi ukuba nguwuphi umthetho osebenza kwimeko yabo. Ukunyanzeliswa kwahluka-hlukene kakhulu; ngoxa abalawuli beYurophu behlawule imali enkulu (umz., 2 amawaka ezigidi ngokuchasene noMetaeah kwi-2023 ye-GDPR Brouph, eminye imimandla ayinawo ulawulo olusebenzayo okanye isohlwayo esincinane. Ngaphezu koko, ukhuseleko nomthetho wesizwe lungakhuselwa imingxube emikhulu kwimingxuma efihlakeleyo, njengoko kubonwa kwiSigqwenga somthetho we-S.

Uphando Olusemgangathweni

Ucelomngeni oluqhubekayo kukuba abantu abaninzi abawaqondi ngokupheleleyo amalungelo abo obuqu okanye indlela yokuwasebenzisa. Uhlolisiso lubonisa rhoqo ukuba uninzi lwabasebenzisi abasoloko befunda iinkqubo zemfihlo, ezisoloko zinde, zimode, kwaye zingaqondakali. Uphando lwepew 2023 lufumanise ukuba ama-60% e-U.S. abantu abadala bacinga ukuba akunakwenzeka ukutyhubela ubomi bemihla ngemihla ngaphandle kwemibutho eqokelela ugcino-lwazi lwabo, yaye ngama-2% kuphela bavakalelwa ukuba “banobuninzi” bokulawula ulwazi lwabo. Ngaphandle kokwazi indlela yokulungisa izicwangciso zemfihlo, ukusebenzisa iindlela zobumfihlo, okanye ukuqaphela iimdlamvo zihlala zingenabungozi. Amanyathelo okuqala nje okungathandi kwe-Elclotratic Foundation (FFFF) anzima kodwa anzima kakhulu abaphula iinkonzo zikawonke.

Owona Mkhwa Ulungileyo Wokukhusela Amalungelo Emfihlo

Abantu bangathatha amanyathelo aqinileyo okukhusela amathuba abo obuqu, kwananjengokuba besebenzisa i-data ekwimekobume ekwimiba engaqhelekanga. Ezi zinto zilandelayo, nangona zingamili, zibumba isiseko esiqinileyo.

  • [[NTL:0] Hlala uphakamile kwaye ufunde i-Pixel Policies: Nangona kudida, kuthatha iincopho zenkqubo ye-oyile--" ngokukodwa ukuba buphi ugcino-lwazi oluqokeleliweyo, njani na ukuba lwabelana, namalungelo onawo, kwaye ngawaphi na anokukunceda wenze ukhetho lolwazi. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifana neMithetho yeNkonzo; Master’t Funda (ITOS;DR) ukushwankathela.
  • Sebenzisa Uxinzelelo, Ii-Password ezikhethekileyo:[[FTLT:1] Umphathi wegama eligqithisiweyo (umz., Bitwaden, 1Passworden) angadala kwaye agcine amagama okugqithisela antsonkothileyo kwi akhawunti nganye, ukunciphisa ubungozi bemingeni yokuhlasela. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa kwakhona amagama okugqithisela ngaphaya kwamanxuwa.
  • Yenza kuvunywe iisiqinisekiso Ezimbini- Factor Uqinisekiso: Ikhetha iinkqubo zomlungiseleli (Igogle Isiqinisekiso, Ugunyaziso) okanye amaqhosha okhuseleko lwe-hardware (YubiKey) ngaphezu kwe- 2FA esekelwe kwi-SMS, enokuba sengozini kuhlaselo lwe-SIM- .
  • [[NTL: 0] Ugcino-lwazi lwemibhobho Ecabelanayo: Yisebenziseni ngoko nako kwi media yoluntu kunye nee apps. Hlola iimvume ze-app kwimfonomfono yakho kwaye unikezele kugcino-lwazi olungeyomfuneko kumsebenzi we-app (umz., i- app yetoxi akufunekanga unikezelo kuqhakamshelwano lwakho).
  • [[NTL: 0] Sebenzisa Amacebo- Afihlakeleyo: Cinga ngokutshintshela kubakhangeli abanjengo Firefox (nokhuseleko lwe Trake Yokunyuswa) okanye i Brave, kunye nokuphendla i-injini njenge DuckDuck Go engakhange ilandele imibuzo yakho. Sebenzisa ulwandiso lwemfihlo olufana no- uqamli we Origin kunye nemfihlo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Udweliso olungaphandle kuludwe logcino-lwazi lwe Broker: Abahluli-data abaninzi baqokelela kwaye bathengise iiprojekti zabo zobuqu. Ungakhetha nge webhsayithi zabo usebenzisa izikhokelo ezinikezelwe yi EFF okanye amalungelo emfihlelo.
  • Yenza uphicotho rhoqo lwenyawo lwakho lwamanani print: Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne "Umsebenzi Wam” okanye i-“Umsebenzi Wencwadi Yesandla” kaFacebook ukubona ukuba yeyiphi i-data eqokelelwe kwaye icinyiwe. Kwakhona, sebenzisa ilungelo lakho lokufikelela phantsi kwe GDPR okanye CCPA ngokucela ikopi yogcino-lwazi lwakho kumaqonga amakhulu.

Ikamva Lamalungelo Obuqu

Njengoko ubugcisa buhambela phambili, amalungelo okuzimela wedwa aya kuqhubeka eguquka, eqhutywa kukuvela kwezinto ezintsha nokusetyenziswa kwezenzo.

Izifundo zobugcisa ezidityanisiweyo

Ubuntlola obenziweyo, ingakumbi ugcino-jini olunemizila kunye nokufunda ngomatshini, bunika zombini umngcipheko omtsha kunye nezisombululo zobuqu. Iimodeli ze-Al eziqeqeshwe kugcino-lwazi lobuqu zingabhaqa ngentloko zize zibhence ulwazi olunovakalelo (umz., [[FLT: 0]] iNew York Times[] ukumangalela komthetho wokuchasene no-OpenAI). Ubumfihlo-bucala obufana nobucala obubohlukeneyo, obudibanisa ingxolo ukukhusela abantu ngexesha lobuncinci, obuthimba ukusetyenziswa kwezibalo, busetyenziswa ngu-Apple kunye no-Google. Ubugcisa obuzinika amandla okuzilawula iimfanelo zabo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ii-ama-ama-ading. Noko ke, ukusetyenziswa kolwazi lweziqobo lweziqobo lwe-akhrasi e-ain kungangqungqubani, ukungqubana nokulungisa.

Ubalo luyakwazi ukubonakala elundini, lusongela ukwaphula imigangatho yangoku yokukhowuda. Ipost-quantum scytography, emelana nohlaselo lwe quantam, ithe yamiselwa yi-NIST, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kombutho othe jikelele kuya kuthatha iminyaka. Okwangoku, i Internet yezinto (IoT) inwebisa indawo yangaphandle ukwenzela ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi , izixhobo zempilo ezinokucoceka, kunye nezithuthi ezidityanisiweyo zonke zivelisa ugcino-lwazi olusondeleyo olukhoyo lwemithetho yemfihlo ezama ukugquma ngokubanzi.

Ukukhuthala nokuTshintsha Inkqubo

Abameli bamalungelo obumfihlo bayaqhubeka benyanzela ukukhusela okunamandla. I-EFF, Access Now, kunye ne-American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) idipo yokwamkela imithetho emitsha kwaye icela ucelomngeni lokuzama ukuzama ukuqwalasela ulawulo enkundleni. E-U.S., umgudu wakha umthetho wezobuqu we-onkcitho obanzi we-orhulumente, ofana ne-GDPR, nangona iingxoxo zithe zathintelwa ukukhutshwa kwemithetho karhulumente kunye nelungelo lokusebenza. UK ifuna utshintsho kugcino-lwazi lwayo lwe-data olukhusela urhulumente ipost-Brtit, ngoxa amazwe afana neTshayina emisele uMthetho woKhuselo olungqongqo lobuqu (PPPPL) odibanisa amalungelo awomeleleyo oluntu nolawulo olululo olusemthethweni emva kokufikelela kolawulo lukarhulumente. Ii-data zezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe.

Isiphelo

Amalungelo emfihlo ngexesha lamanani asiyonkqubo ecacileyo yemithetho kodwa ibala elinamandla elifuna ukuhlala liphaphamele, lihambelana, kwaye lifunde. Njengabantu ngabanye, ukuhlala bewazi la malungelo kwaye bewamkela ngokunempumelelo amanyathelo okuzikhusela ngumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela. Njengebutho, kufuneka sifune ukuba abayili bomthetho bacacise imigaqo ecacileyo, imigaqo enyanzelisayo ebeka ingeniso, kunye neyokuba izazi ngezobugcisa zifake imfihlo kwimveliso nganye. Ukhetho esilwenza namhlanje luzizo, ukhuseleko, kunye nabahlali-GDRR-aftive, kunye ne-ams-aft , zime ikamva lemfihlo, ukufundwa kwemivoluko yemivo kufike izizukulwana. [[FFLD][4]