Ukuqonda iirhafu zasekuhlaleni kungundoqo wokuceba kakuhle kwentsapho, kodwa iintsapho ezininzi azihoyi indlela ezilawula ngayo iindleko zazo zemihla ngemihla kunye nemali ezigcinwe ixesha elide. Irhafu yommandla wengingqi, ireyibhile, isithili sesikolo, nesithili esikhethekileyo . Ngokungqalileyo ixhasa iinkonzo zentsapho yakho ezixhomekeke kuzo: izikolo zikawonke-wonke, ugcino lweendlela, ukhuseleko lwamapolisa, ipaki, kunye neelayibrari. Ngenxa yokuba le rhafu ichaphazela imali yakho kuluntu olunye ukuya kwelinye, ukwazi ukuba unayo imali esetyenziswa njani, kunciphisa ukumangalisa, kwanokhetho lwendawo yokuhlala. Olu khokelo lwandisiweyo luyehla phantsi kohlobo ngalunye olungundoqo lwerhafu, ichaza indlela eluchaphazela ngayo uhlahlolo lwemali, kwaye lunikela ubuchule bokuqhuba iziphumo.

Yintoni Ebalulekileyo Kwirhafu Yasekuhlaleni?

Iirhafu zezoshishino zelizwe ziqokelelwa ngamaqumrhu karhulumente orhulumente ongaphantsi ukuze ahlawule iinkonzo ezichaphazela ubomi babantu bemihla ngemihla. Ngokungafaniyo neerhafu zikarhulumente okanye zikarhulumente, ezixhasa iinkqubo ezibanzi ezifana nezokhuselo lwesizwe okanye uhola wendlela karhulumente, iirhafu zasekuhlaleni zibotshelelwe kuluntu olusondeleyo. Ezona ziqhelekileyo ziquka iirhafu zempahla, iirhafu zemali, iirhafu zemali, iirhafu zezentengiso, kunye neerhafu zerhafu yemali entweni ezithile ezifana nepetrofini, utywala, okanye icuba.

Intsapho, iirhafu zasekuhlaleni zingamela indawo enkulu yenkcitho yonyaka. Ngokwe- Isiseko se-Tax , idibene nombuso kunye nerhafu yorhwebo yobulali iyodwa isuka kwi 0% kumazwana angaphezulu kwe-10% kwamanye. Irhafu yempahla ingajika ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe 0.5% yexabiso lasekhaya kwimimandla esezantsi yerhafu ukuya ngaphezulu 2% kwimiqathango ephezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba iintsapho ezimbini ezinengeniso efanayo zinokuba nengeniso eyahlukileyo kakhulu exhomekeke apho zihlala khona. Ukuqaphela le mali ehlawulwayo kukwinyathelo lokuqala lokulawula uqingqo-mali yendlu.

Ngaphezu koko, iirhafu zasekuhlaleni azibonakali kakhulu kunerhafu yengeniso karhulumente. Iirhafu zempahla zingahlawulwa ngetyala lemali eliqukiweyo eliquka ukuhlawulwa kwemali yakho yendlu, ngoxa irhafu yentengiso isongwa ukuze ibe yimali ethengwayo. Le rhafu yokwaluphala ibonakala njengemiqathango kwityala lenyanga. Oku kungakhokelela ekujongeni phantsi ixabiso lemali yazo yokwenene, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukuqonda okuzinzileyo kubaluleke ukuze kuphumelele uqingqo-mali lwentsapho.

Iintlobo Zerhafu Zasekuhlaleni Nempembelelo Yazo Kwintsapho Yakho

Iirhafu zasekuhlaleni zikho ngeendlela ezininzi, nganye kuzo ichaphazela intsapho yakho ngokwahlukileyo. Ngapha koko sihlolisisa iindidi eziphambili, kuquka iingcaciso zazo, imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo noqingqo - mali.

Irhafu Yempahla

Iirhafu zepropati zeyona rhafu inkulu yasekuhlaleni kubanini-makhaya abaninzi. Zibalwa ngokwexabiso elithelekelelwayo lelizwe lakho, nezakhiwo(ilizwe) nesantya sokusebenza (irhafu nganye yexabiso le-R2,000). Ingeniso ngokuyintloko izikolo zikawonke-wonke, kodwa kwanamapolisa, amasebe omlilo, amathala eencwadi, kunye nesiseko sesiseko senkqubo.

Isiphumo se-BMTT: Irhafu yempahla idla ngokunikwa nyaka ngamnye okanye kancinane. Ukuba unendlu yendlu, zisoloko ziqokelelwa nyanga zonke kwityala le-escrow, ezinokwenza zingaphawuleki kakhulu kodwa zibe yixabiso elisisigxina. Intsapho enekhaya elingu-R3,50 000 kuluntu olunexabiso elisebenzayo elingu-1.5% ingahlawula iindleko zenyanga ezingama-R3,500. Oko kukuziindleko-mali zemali yempahla okanye i-oxilongo lwesikolo kunganyusa ngokungalindelekanga lo mlinganiselo, ifaka imali eninzi.

[[NTLT: 0] Incam esebenzayo: Hlola uhlomelo lwerhafu yempahla yakho nyaka ngamnye. Iimpazamo ekubalekeni kwerhafu (umz., imilinganiselo engachanekanga, intethelelo engahoywayo) ziqhelekile kwaye zingandisa irejista yakho. Iingingqi ezininzi zikuvumela ukuba udlulise ixabiso lohlolo. IMIZIBOS inikeza ukhokelo [[ ekunciphiseni irhafumswo yempahla, kodwa khumbula ukuba irhafuthelo inguqule nemisebenzi inguququze imo nerhafu yobulali (SALT) kwi-100,000. Ukuba udibanise irhafu yakho, uphumelele ukuzuza ukhuthazo lwezwelozwe lwemali kwixabiso elipheleleyo.

Irhafu

Irhafu yerhafu isetyenziswa ekuthengeni iimpahla, kwaye kwezinye iindawo, iinkonzo. Umlinganiselo udityaniswa kwemali karhulumente neyasekuhlaleni, kwaye uyahluka ngokuphawulekayo. Umzekelo, irhafu yerhafu yeCacago ingaphezulu kwe-10%, ngoxa iPortland, i-Oregon ayinayo irhafu yentengo konke konke. Ezinye iindawo azikho xa zithengwa okanye zinikwa iziyobisi ezigunyazisiweyo, ngoxa ezinye zinganjalo.

Isiphumo serhafu esithengwayo: Irhafu inyusa ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lokuphila. Intsapho echitha ii-$40 000 ngonyaka kwimpahla nenkonzo ezihlawulwayo kwi-9% yerhafu ihlawula ii-$3,600 kwirhafu zentengiso. Oku kulingana nemali ethe kratyani eseleyo yemali ehlawulwayo okanye ehlawulwayo. Umthwalo uphinde unyuse: iintsapho ezifumana imali encinane zichitha isabelo esikhulu sengeniso yazo kwingeniso yerhafu, intengiso ithatha umlinganiselo omkhulu wengeniso yazo.

Incam esebenzisekayo: khangela irhafu yakho echithwayo yentengiso inyanga enye ukubona ixabiso layo lokwenyaniso. Ukuba uhlala kufutshane nemithetho esezantsi yerhafu, cinga ukwenza uthengiso olukhulu apho (ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni imithetho yerhafu). Kwakhona, lumka ukuba uthengiso kwi-intanethi ngoku luphantsi kwerhafu yasekuhlaleni kumazwe amaninzi ngenxa yexabiso le- South Dakotav v. Wayfair isigqibo. Phumeza oku kuqingqo-thengiselwano lwakho lwezothenga kwingingqini yengingqi yengingqi yengingqi yengingqi.

Irhafu yemali ehlawulwayo

Nangona inqabile kwilizwe lonke, irhafu yengeniso yasekuhlaleni iqhelekile kumaphondo amaninzi aquka iOhio, iPennsylvania, iNew York, iKentucky, kunye neMaryland. Le yindlela eninzi yokufumana ingeniso engqukuva okanye ingeniso yeminatha kubantu abaziqeshileyo.

Isiphumo somphunga: Yirhafu yengeniso yasekuhlaleni ye2% kwingeniso yendlu u-R3 500 izakunciphisa intlawulo yekhaya nge-$1,600 ngonyaka. Le yimali engenakugcinwa okanye isetyenziswe kwezinye iimfuno. Ngokungafaniyo nerhafu yempahla, enokuthi igcinwe nge-escrow, irhafu yengeniso yasekuhlaleni iphuma kwi-check nganye, iyenza irhoxise engapheliyo kwingeniso yokulahla imali.

Inkcazo engenakuthathelwa indawo: Khangela ukuba indawo ohlala kuyo ivumela iirhafu zihlawulelwe kwezinye iindawo (umz., ukuba usebenza kwisixeko esinomlinganiselo ophezulu kunalapho uhlala khona). Kwakhona, iirhafu ezithile zomvuzo wasekuhlaleni zinokukhulula okanye zinexabiso eliphantsi kwabafumana imali encinane. Hlola ikhowudi yakho yerhafu okanye igcisa igcisa lerhafu ukuqinisekisa ukuba awuhlawuli imali eninzi.

Irhafu yokungahlawulwa

Iirhafu ezihlawulwayo yimali ehlawulwayo esetyenziswayo kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo enjengombane, igesi yendalo, amanzi, umgubo omda wenkunkuma.

Isiphumo sombane: Indlu eqhelekileyo ingahlawula u-20,50 ngenyanga kwirhafu edityanisiweyo, kuxhomekeka ekusetyenzisweni nasemalini yasekuhlaleni. Ngaphezu konyaka, oko kudibanisa iidola ezingama-2040-600 [R1,60]. Ngexesha leenyanga zokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwamandla (ukupholisa okanye ukufudumeza ubusika), le rhafu inyuka ngokomlinganiselo.

Incam engenakususwa: Hlola amatyala akho ebhaso-mali ezinto ze-unitl ebhalwe “umrhumo we-frankate,”“ umrhumo osisigxina we-lisithi,” okanye “irhafu ye-amunical.” Ukuba irhafu yipesenti yokusetyenziswa, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwerhafu ngqo. Ukufaka iingcango, kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-rastats, kunye nokutshintshela kwi-LED inganqumla ukusetyenziswa nerhafuthelo ngexesha elinye. Amanye amaqela asekuhlaleni anikela iinkqubo zoncedo ukwenzela iintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi; aqhagamshelana izibonelelo zakho zokweenkcukacha.

Irhafu Ehlawulweyo

Iirhafu ezithengwayo ziirhafu ezikhethekileyo kwiimpahla ezithile, ezidla ngokuyilwa ukudibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwemali okanye ukunyusa ingeniso yemisebenzi enxulumene nazo. Imizekelo eqhele ukuquka irhafu yepetroli, utywala, icuba nomya. Irhafu ekhutshwayo yezorhwebo yongezelelwe kwimiba yorhulumente nakurhulumente.

Isiphumo sogwebo: Le rhafu inyusa ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lempahla osenokuba sele uyithengile. Irhafu yepetroli yasekuhlaleni ekhupha i-$0.0 ngelitha, ngaphezulu kwerhafu karhulumente neyamazwe, ixabisa intsapho eqhuba ii-ikhilomitha eziyi25-mg kwi-R49 ngonyaka. Xa kubonakala ukuba incinci, iziphumo ezithe kratya zerhafu ezininzi zinokubaluleka, ingakumbi kwiintsapho ezitshaya okanye ezixhomekeke kwipetroli eninzi.

Incam ethatha indawo: Ukucutha ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezirhafu kakhulu. Ukudibanisa, ukuthutho nokusebenzisa uthutho lukawonke-wonke xa kunokwenzeka. Ukuba usebenzisa icuba okanye utywala, lumkela irhafu yasekuhlaleni. "irhafu] yerhafu ekufuphi nerhafu esezantsi ingaba semthethweni (imithetho yesizwe). Udamorfti, ukukhulula kwezamayeza kunganciphisa umthwalo werhafu kwamanye amazwe.

Indlela Azimisela Ngayo Iirhafu Zasekuhlaleni

Irhafu yerhafu yasekuhlaleni imiselwa ngamagosa anyuliweyo . "iibhunga lobundlobongela" iqumrhu lephondo, iikhomishini yephondo, iibhodi zesikolo/ kwaye zingatshintshwa ngemithetho okanye ngomvoti. Inkqubo yokwahluka-hlukeneyo ngokorhulumente nasendaweni. Kwirhafu yempahla, isantya simiselwe ukuhlangabezana nenkcitho esekelwe kwixabiso elipheleleyo lempahla emiselwe lilawulo. Xa amaxabiso epropati yeprojekthi enyukayo, umyingeno ungahliswa (kwinkcazelo) ukugcina ingeniso ingathathi-nxaxheba, kodwa oku akusoloko kusenzeka rhoqo. Uthengiso lwerhafuthelo lumiswe ngumthetho, kodwa iindawo zongeza iirhafu yemirhuqo ngemiba engo yemisebenzi ethile (umz., irhafuthelo yebala elitshayo).

Ukuqonda le nkqubo kubalulekile kuba ikunika ilizwi. Ukwanda kwerhafu kudla ngokuvela kumatyala erhafu njengenyathelo lasekuhlaleni. Ukwazi oko kubangela umthwalo wakho werhafu kukuvumela ukuba uhlolisise enoba iindleko ezifunyenweyo zithethelela iindleko. Umzekelo, ukwanda kwerhafu yempahla ukuxhasa izikolo ezingcono kusenokunyusa amaxabiso asekhaya nokunceda intsapho yakho ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngoxa ukwanda kwerhafu yeziko lendibano kunganenzuzo ethe ngqo.

Ukuthelekisa irhafu yasekuhlaleni phesheya kwemimandla

Ukuba intsapho yakho icinga ngokuthutha, ukungalingani kwerhafu yasekuhlaleni kungawuchaphazela ngokuphawulekayo umfanekiso wakho wemali. [[FLT: 0] Uhlalutyo lweKlipinger lubonisa ukuba abaphambukayo, ngokukodwa, bangalondoloza amawaka ngonyaka ngokufuduka baye kumazwe angenayo irhafu yerhafu ehlawula imali encinane. Kodwa imithwalo yerhafu yasekuhlaleni ikwano ibalulekile kumalungu omntu osebenzayo. Umzekelo, ukufuduka kwisemzini osezantsi werhafu kwisixeko esifanayo esidityanisiwe kungasindisa ii-$2,000,5,000 (25,000) ngonyaka. Ngokuphikisana noko, indawo yerhafuthelo esezantsi inokuba norhwebo okanye irhafuzo, ngoko kufuneka uvavanyele iprokhwe yonke.

Xa uthelekisa, cinga ngendlela oyisebenzisa ngayo imali yakho. Intsapho echitha imali eninzi kwizinto ezihlawulwa yirhafu iyakuvakalelwa kukuba irhafu eninzi kunerhafu eninzi. Intsapho enekhaya elikhulu iya kungabi nankathalo kwirhafu yempahla kunerente. Sebenzisa izibalo zekhompyutha kwimimandla efana ne-Tax Foundation okanye ii-data zikarhulumente zasekuhlaleni ukulinganisela irekhonthi yerhafu yakho yasekuhlaleni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Imisebenzi yokulawula iimpembelelo zerhafu

Nangona ungenakuyiphepha yonke irhafu yasekuhlaleni, unokuthabatha amanyathelo okuzibhokoxa ukuze unciphise imiphumo yokuqingqa imali kwentsapho yakho. apha ngezantsi kukho iindlela eziziinkcukacha, nganye kuzo ichazwe ngendlela esebenzisekayo.

Hlola Uqingqo - mali Lwakho Rhoqo

Uqingqo-mali lwakho kufuneka luquke umba weminxeba yerhafu nganye enkulu yasekuhlaleni. Ukuba unekhaya, yazi imali yakho yonyaka yomhlaba kwaye yahlule nge 12 ukubeka ecaleni nyanga nganye. Ukuthengisela iirhafu, uqikelelo lwemali ozichithayo ngonyaka kwizinto ezihlawulwayo (ukukhulula izinto ezifana nentengo kwezinye iindawo) kwaye wande ngexabiso lasekuhlaleni. Beka loo mali ecaleni kwimali egcinweyo ukuze uphephe ukuhlawula ngaphezulu. Hlola utshintsho lwemali yempahla nyaka ngamnye xa kukhutshwa iziphumo; ulwando lungafuna ukukhutshwa kwenye indawo. Ngokuthengiselwa rhoqo imali yakho ilungile, i-adencel''.

Ukusebenzisa Irhafu

Imithetho yerhafu neyaserhulumente inika iinketho eziliqela zoncedo ezinokuphelisa iirhafu zasekuhlaleni. Ezona zaziwayo kukunconywa kweSAKT, okukuvumela ukuba ulahle irhafu yerhafu yemali ehhala e-R9 000 edibeneyo neyasekuhlaleni (kuquka impahla, ingeniso, kunye nerhafu yerhafu) ukuba unikela ngayo. Ukuba yonke iphelele ingezantsi kweso sihombo, ungasusa imali epheleleyo. Kwakhona, amazwe amaninzi anikela ngetyala lerhafu okanye iziphazamisi-mali zemali zerhafumfa zemali ngenxa yemali ehlawulo ephantsi nengenayo encinane abanini bezindlu zasekhaya, ngokukodwa abakhulu. Umzekelo, inkqubo yeSikolo seSikolo saseNew York (STAR) inikela ukukhulula ngenxa yemizi yomsebenzi wolawulo lwe-ofisi ye-webhsayithi. Hlola umgangatho we-webhusayithi ye-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-ofisi yolawulo yoluntu xa ifumaneka.

Cinga Ngendawo Xa Ufuduka

Izigqibo zokufuduswa kwerhafu kufuneka zifake igalelo kwimiba yerhafu yasekuhlaleni kunye neendleko zezindlu, izikolo kunye neendawo ezincinane. Sebenzisa ubuncwane obukwi-intanethi ukuthelekisa irhafu yempahla, irhafu, kunye nerhafu yengeniso yasekuhlaleni ukwenzela imimandla efuna ukuhlaliswa. Khumbula ukuba irhafu ayimi ndawonye/indawo ephantsi yerhafu namhlanje ukuba kufuneka iqokelele inkxaso okanye iinkonzo. Jonga kwimpilo yemali karhulumente wasekuhlaleni; uluntu oluneemali ezisekwezorhwebo nemigangatho ehlukeneyo yerhafu yerhafu alunakunyusa kakhulu. Kwiintsapho ezinabantwana abafundayo, khumbula ukuba irhafu yempahla isoloko ikhutshwa ngomgangatho wesikolo, ngoko ke irhafu ephezulu ingafanele iziphumo zemfundo ezingcono.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kurhulumente Wasekuhlaleni

Kukho iintlanganiso zebhunga lequmrhu lequmrhu lesikolo, kunye nokuva irhafu. Le yindlela ecacileyo yokuqonda indlela ii-dola zakho zerhafu ezichithwa ngayo nokuphembelela izigqibo zexesha elizayo. Amagosa aphenjelelwayo anokucela ulungiso lwerhafu ekwandiswayo, ukucebisa ezinye iimvelaphi zemali, okanye ukuxhasa iinkqubo zoncedo. Imimandla emininzi ipapasha uqingqo-mali lwaminyaka le-intanethi; hlola oku ukuze ubone ukuba iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke zilawulwa njani. Ukuba ubona ukulahlwa kwerhafu, thetha. Ukhuphiso luquka ukuvota kwimilinganiselo enxulumene nerhafuthelo. Ulwando oluncinane lwenkonzo efunekayo njengesitishishini somlilo esitsha lusenokuba lulumkile, ngoxa ukunyusa irhafunxa yophuhliso-mbo yabucala yangabo.

Iinkqubo zoncedo lwerhafu ezinyanzelisayo

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni unikela uncedo ngokukhethekileyo kwiintsapho.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Irhafu egqithisileyo kubakhulu okanye abo baneziphene, ikuvumela ukuba ubeke umva ukuhlawula de ikhaya lithengiswe.
  • ukukhululeka kwasekhaya okucutha ixabiso elinokuhlawulwa lendlu yakho ephambili (oqhelekileyo eTexas, eFlorida, nakwamanye amazwe).
  • [[UMTL:0] Irhafu ehlawulwayo yerhafu iphinde iphinde ihlawulelwe kwamanye amazwe, apho ungabhatala kwinxalenye yerhafu yentengiso ehlawulwayo.
  • Iinkqubo zoncedo oluluncedo ezixhaswa ngoorhulumente basekuhlaleni okanye iinzuzo, ukubonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi okanye izibonelelo zezindlu ezifumana imali ephantsi.

Isebe lezentlalo okanye i-website karhulumente ye-odoli ye-odoli yenzelwe ukukunceda. Iintsapho ezininzi zishiya imali etafileni kuba nje zingazazi ezi nkqubo.

Lungisa Indlela Osebenzisa Ngayo Imali Nendlela Ocinga Ngayo

Ekubeni irhafu yentengiso isekelwe ekusebenziseni irhafu, ukuhlisa ukusetyenziswa okungeyomfuneko kwemali yakho yerhafu. Yenza “icandelo elingahlawulelwanga irhafu” lokuchitha iprojekthi kwizinto ezikhethelwe indawo yakho (umz., intengo, amayeza kagqirha, impahla ethile). Kwintengo engaphelelwanga, thenga ngentlawulo enkulu okanye ngexesha lokuthengisa ukuhlisa ubuninzi bentengiso. Ukuhlawula irhafu efunekayo, ukunyusa inkqubela yamandla: ukuthengwa kwe-antilitisting, izixhobo ezisebenzayo, kunye nezixhobo ezincinane. Ezi azinciphi qhathamisi nje kuphela, kodwa zinciphisa irhafu yerhafu yomlinganiselo. Irhafu yakho, ukugcina ikhaya lakho kunye nolungiso lwerhafu ephezulu kunokukunceda ukuncitshiswa kwexabiso lokuncitshiswa kwerhafu.

Cebela Usukelo Lwemali Oludala

Iirhafu zasekuhlaleni ezikwindawo yomhlala-phantsi kunye neeplani zogcino-mali. Ukuba uceba ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwindawo enerhafu ephezulu, iqanda lakho elifunekayo liza kuba likhulu ukugquma irhafu yempahla eqhubekayo kunye nerhafu enokwenzeka yengeniso. Ngokuchasene noko, ukufudukela kwirhafu ephantsi kwemali yomhlalaphantsi kwimali yomhlala-phantsi kwimali yomhlala-phantsi kunganwenwala imali yakho. Abathengi, babala indleko yanyanga nganye kuquka iirhafu zempahla, hayi nje inqununu yendlu yowiso nenzala. Indlu ephantsi ephezulu kummandla werhafuthelo ephantsi kancinci. Sebenzisa i-pasethi yemali equka i-escrow ukufumana umfanekiso ochanileyo.

Isiphelo

Irhafu yasekuhlaleni ayiphepheki kodwa iyalawuleka kodwa iyalawuleka. Ngokuqonda iintlobo zerhafu ojamelana nayo //ukufudusa indawo, ukuthengisa, ingeniso, ingeniso, i-octive, kunye nendlela echaphazela ngayo uqingqo-mali lwakho, ungathabatha amanyathelo asebenzayo ukuze unciphise umthwalo wayo. Ngokuqhubekayo ukujonga imali yakho yokuhlawula imali, ukuhlawula iimali zerhafu neenkqubo zoncedo, ukuqwalasela iirhafu xa utshintsha indawo ohlala kuyo, nokuzifaka kubuchule obunamandla. Khumbula ukuba irhafunxa yerhafu yerhafu eluncedo kuluntu, ngoko ke usukelo lwakho akulukukuvumeli ukuba uyihlawule ngokupheleleyo kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlawule imali ekhoyo oyifumanayo, kwaye ungayihlawuli kakhulu ulwazi okanye ukuswe ulwazi. Ngoncedo lwezixhobo lwezi, ungaguqula iirhafu zemali ezinkozo zemali zekhaya lakho ezilawulwa yimali elawulwa yimalini.