Ukutshintsha Kwendlela Eziyingozi Ngayo

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iindlela zokhuseleko nezobunqolobi ezilwa nokhuseleko lwesizwe ziye zakhiwa ngokubhekiselele kwingcamango yokuba ugonyamelo olugqithisileyo lubangelwa ziingcamango, ezopolitiko, okanye iinjongo zonqulo. Ngoxa abo baqhubi besasebenza, umahluko onamandla oguquguqukayo ungene kwi- equmrhu: iziphumo eziphambili zotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokunqongophala kwezixhobo ezibalulekileyo. Ukudibana koxinezeleko kunye nokhuseleko lomntu akusekho kumgama okude, inkxalabo yenkcazelo engokokubanziwa kukuchasana nokungalawuleki kwemozulu, ukutshintsha kwemeko-mo yenkqu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho iingcambu ezikhoyo kunye namaqela amaqela anezingcambulo zogonyamelo.

Indlela Imozulu Eguquka Ngayo Ngokungqalileyo

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu akubenzi ubugrogrisi bungachananga, bungathethi nto. Endaweni yoko, bunxulumene nobugrogrisi obukhoyo, uqoqosho, kunye nezopolitiko ukuze bubangele ingxabano.

Iziganeko zemozulu Ezimandundu kunye noNtlolono lukaRhulumente

Iimbalela ezithe rhoqo nezinzima, izikhukula, ii-fluetwaves, kunye nezichotho zibangela iindleko ezinkulu zezoqoqosho kwaye zivavanya amandla oorhulumente okusabela. Xa urhulumente engakwazi ukunikela iinkonzo ezisisiseko, ukukhusela abemi bawo, okanye ukwakha kwakhona emva kwentlekele, ukubola kwawo. Amaqela amaphekula asoloko ekhawuleza ukugcwalisa ulawulo, ukunikela ezinye iintlobo zezobulungisa, uncedo, okanye ukhuseleko. Umzekelo, kummandla we-Sahel e-Afrika, imbalela egqithisileyo iye yatshabalalisa abelusi kunye nezilangazelelo zokulima, inyanzelela abantu ekukhuphisaneni amadlelo namanzi. AFUP [20] [20] Umbango wokhuphiswano lwamadlelo. Amaqela afana nalawo anezimeko ze-alQada ne-Aslim aseMzantsi ne-Alam athene, asebenzisa ingcubango esetyenziswa kakhulu, esebenzisa izikhundla kunye nesikhundla sawo sokuzixhasa izixhobo sasekuhlaleni sasekuhlaleni.[52] [5]

Ukushenxiswa Kwendawo kunye nokufuduka

Ukusithwa komoya okusingisele ekungqongeni indawo kunyanzelisa izigidi zabantu ukuba zishiye amakhaya azo nyaka ngamnye. Ukufuduka ngaphakathi naphakathi kwemida kuzisa uxinzelelo olukhulu kuluntu olukhoyo, izibonelelo, kunye neenkonzo zoluntu. Kwiinkampu zezindlu ezihlala abantu abashiyekile okanye ezihlala abantu abahlala ezidolophini, izikhalo zingakhula. Ukungangeni emsebenzini, imfundo, kunye nokusesikweni kudala idipozithi eninzi yamaqela angenayo amaqela alwazeleyo. Uhlalutyo oluvelayo [FLT: 0] STRT Center [ lufumanise ukuba kumazwe amaninzi aseAfrika, imozulu-ethe ukufuduka kunxulumene nokunwenwa kweeseli. Xa abantu abafudukayo benziwe bacekelwe kumgangatho ophantsi okanye bephathwa njengendawo yangaphandle, ubuhlanga kunye nongqushushushushumbi obuthene, ngokubheke phambili kwimimandla ethe .

Ukuzinza kwezoqoqosho nokhuphiswano lwezibonelelo

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu ngokuthe ngqo kwenza amacandelo axhomekeke kwilizwe elisindayo ngezantsi, ingakumbi ekulimani, ukuloba, nokulima. Njengoko ukuvuna kusilela, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya, nokuwohloka kwengeniso yasemaphandleni. Ingxaki yezoqoqosho yandisa isibongozo sokudibanisa amaqela axhobileyo anokunikela umvuzo othe rhoqo, isimo soluntu, okanye ingqiqo yenjongo. KwiChibi iChad Basin, ukuncipha kweChibi iChad, i-FOP ngooct, ngaphezu kwama-90% ukususela oko i-1960 itshabalalise ukuloba nokulima, isusa abantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-30 kwaye yenza itshebe elithi i-Bokohamam kunye neLizwe lamaSulumi elikwiNtshona Afrika (ISPAP) ixhaphazwe. [[FLT] [FLD]] Ingxelo ye-UN [FLD [121] i-FLD] ingu1] ingumzekelo wemo yemozulu ye-mas.

Ukusetyenziswa kukavimba njengeNtonga ePhakamileyo

Ngoxa ukutshintsha kwemozulu kusebenza njengesixhobo soxinzelelo, ukunqongophala kweminikelo kungxamisekile kokuxhathisa kwamanzi. Ukufumana amanzi, umhlaba, amandla, kunye nezimbiwa kungundoqo wokusinda nokuhlonelwa kwabantu. Xa ezi mveliso zinqongophele, ukhuphiswano luyakhula kuwo onke amanqanaba: phakathi kweentsapho, amaqela, amazwe, kwanakuyo yonke imida yezizwe ngezizwe.

Iingxabano Zamanzi

Amanzi asenokuba yeyona mikhosi inamandla yokungquzulana kwimimandla eyomileyo nengenamanzi aneleyo. Ukuhla kwemvula kunye nokunyibilika komkhenkce kuphazamisa umlambo, kusongela ukunkcenkceshela nokusela. Izitya zomlambo ezinomlanjana ngezantsi. Zifana nomNayile, iEuphrate, iIndus, neJordan. Zizingqi ezidanga apho umsinga nomsinga ungquzulwano ungqubana khona. Amaqela amaphekula ayakwazi ukuxhathisa ezi ngxaki zokulawula urhulumente njengendlela yokudibanisa okanye ukusetyenziswa komsinga womlambo ekuphembeleni abantu abathile. EYemen, iminyaka yokungalawuleki kwe-Equ, kunye nemozulu enxulumene nemozulu eshushu, apho i-Houthi inxuwa isebenzisa ukuxhasa urhulumente ogqazwano.

Umhlaba Ongacocekanga Nokunganqabiseki Kokutya

Ukulahleka kweoli eninzi, ukwenziwa amanxuwa okuzidibanisa, nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunciphisa imveliso yokulima. Kumazwe alwayo anjengeSomalia neSudan, ukukhuphisana kokuncitshiswa kweziqwenga zomhlaba kubangele ungquzulwano olubulalayo phakathi kwabelusi nabalimi. Amaqela asebenza ngokumilisela afana noAl-Shabab aye azifaka njengabaxhasi kwezi ngxabano, ukwakha izivumelwano ezinika abantu indawo ekhuselekileyo nendawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo. Ukunganqabiseki nokulamba kubangela ukuphelelwa lithemba okukhulu, kwaye amaxhoba asenokufuna ukuxhasa amaqela athenjiwe ngokulungisa ubomi bawo, okanye abo batyhola abo babandezeleke ngenxa yokubandezelwa kwabo. IWorld Food Programmed Programme ilumkisa isithiss ibangela ukutyhasa imozulu eninzi, ngokuthe ngqo ekwayinwa kakhulu, ebangelwa kukunganyinyinyiselwa naku.

Ubunzima bamandla kunye nolungiso lwezoqoqosho

Ukufikelela kumandla afikelelekayo yenye i-vector. Ukuxhomekeka kwilahleko yelahleko yelahleko kushiya amazwe amaninzi esengozini yokulahlekelwa yintengo kunye nokungalungelelani. Kwimimandla apho urhulumente engakwaziyo ukunikezela umbane onokuthenjwa, abantu basekuhlaleni bangabhenela kwiimarike ezingacwangciswanga, ubuqhetseba, okanye kwanabarhwebi abasebenzisa iinkqubo zomkhosi. Ngaphezu koko, ukhuphiswano lwe-oyile kunye nobuncwane begesi besoloko bengumqhubi wemfazwe yamakhaya, ukusuka kwi-Niger Delta ukuya kwimimandla ephikiswayo yase-Iraq. Ezi ngxaki zikhula xa imozulu itshintsha umonakalo obangelwa kukuditya, ityhefutheza imithombo yamanzi kunye nokutshabalalisa amafama (amagrieva okuxhaphaza okuxhaphaza okulula.)

Imikhosi Edityanisiweyo Yobunqolobi Echasene Nemozulu Etshintshayo

Imisebenzi yobuphekula echasene nezobuphekula ifikelela ngezantsi, ukwabelana ngobulumko, ukhuseleko lomda, luyimfuneko kodwa alwanelanga kujongo-moya ongazinziyo. Indlela ebanzi kufuneka ithethe ngezizathu ezingundoqo zokuchanabeka: ukuwohloka kwemekobume, ulawulo olubuthathaka, umgangatho ophantsi kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokwahlulwa kwentlalo-ntle yabantu.

Ukwakha Imozulu Entle Kubemi Abaneemeko Ezingalawulekiyo

Ukuveliswa kotshintsho oluthe ngqo kwimozulu kunciphisa iimeko ezixhaphakileyo. Imisebenzi ebuyisela umhlaba owonakalisiwe, iphucula impumelelo yamanzi, ingenisa izityalo ezixhasa imbalela, ibonelela ezinye iindlela zokuziphilisa zingaqinisa ukumelana noluntu. Umzekelo, iGreat Green Wall ekwakheni iphulo kwiSahel ejolise ekubuyiseleni iihektare ezili-100 lezigidi zomhlaba, iphucula ukhuseleko lokutya, kwaye ibangele imisebenzi. Ngelinye ixesha ukhuseleko lwayo lubalulekile: ngokunika abantu isibonda kwixa elizayo nokunciphisa imfazwe yempahla, inciphisa isibheno samaqela angenamsebenzi. Amaququququ namaqumrhu alwane eequmrhu akhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwemisebenzi enjalo echazwe kwimimandla ebizwa njenge-kris.

Ukomeleza Ulawulo Nomthetho

Utshintsho lwemozulu kuphela alwanelanga. Oorhulumente kufuneka babonise ukuba bayakwazi ukulawula ubuncwane ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo. Ukunganyaniseki kunye nokungathathi cala ekuhambiseleni uncedo okanye ukuphelisa amalungelo elizwe kusoloko kuzenza zibe mbi ngakumbi izikhalazo. Ngokucacileyo, ukulawulwa kolawulo kulelona cebo linamandla kwiingxelo ezigabadeleyo. Abasebenzi kunye namaqabane amazwe ngamazwe kufuneka babophe uncedo oluchasene nolawulo lwezobuphengululi, kuquka amanyathelo okulwa nokonakala, ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni, kunye neenkqubo zesigqibo eziquluvo ezinika amaqela aphantsi komgangatho ophantsi welizwi ilizwi. Xa abantu bevakalelwa kukuba banokuhlangabezana kwaye bekholelwa ukuba urhulumente uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo, abanamathuba okuxhasa iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ngogonyamelo.

Iinkqubo ezilumkisayo zokuqala kunye nezixeli-ngeno

Izixhobo zogcino-lwazi ezisetyenziswayo zinganceda ekuxeleni kwangaphambili apho izilumkiso zemozulu kunye nezisongelo zinokudibana khona. Ukujongwa kwesatellite kwamanqanaba amanzi, impilo yezityalo, kunye nokushenxiswa kwabantu ngokunxulumene ne-data yentlalo-meko-bume---ngoo-ngoo-ngoo-ngoo-ngoo-20. IZizwe ezimanyeneyo kunye noorhulumente abaninzi sele besebenzisa iinkqubo zokulumkisa zakudala ezidibanisa izilumkiso zemekobume. Ukuhlela le migudu nokuyidibanisa kwimiqathango yokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwemeko-yomhlaba, "kokungathintela iingxaki zokunyuka nokhuseleko]. Imikhondo yemozulu ye-CISSIS [ i-selty in nexus kwaye ikhuthaza uhlalulo lwemeko-bume lwemeko-ntlalo lwesizwe.

Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe kunye nemisebenzi yesakhelo

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuswela koovimba. Imilambo eyabelweneyo, i-aquifer, kunye ne-ekholomistion kufuneka ziphathwe yimithetho yokulawula. Imigudu yokulwa nobuphekula kufuneka ngoko ihambe ngaphaya kwezixhobo zokhuseleko lwelizwe ukuze iquke intsebenziswano yengingqi nehlabathi lonke. Iindlela ezikhoyo, njengeLake Chad Basin Commission okanye iNgqungquthela yezizwe ngezizwe kwimimandla eKhululekileyo, ingasebenza njengeplatruthi yokudibanisa ukuguquka kwemozulu kulawulo lokhuseleko lokhuseleko. IBhunga lokhuseleko lwezikomkhulu lemo yemozulu libambe iingxubene zentengo ezininzi, kodwa lizibophelele iimbopheleleko ezikhoyo. Ingxoxo kunye noncedo lwezibonelelo lwehlabathi jikelele kuMfuthotho-ondo-luxolo lubalulekile.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nokubuyiselwa njengomkhosi wee-arhente ezininzi

Ubugcisa bunika izixhobo ezinamandla zokuhlola, ukuxela, kunye nokunciphisa ukhuseleko lwemozulu. Iisethalayithi ezikude ezibona iimpawu zokuqala zembalela okanye ukungaphumeleli kwesivuno; ubuchule obungeyobunyani bungafuzisela impembelelo enokwenzeka yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo zabemi; imicrogrid ekwaziyo ukuphinda ifumane amandla anokunika amandla anokuthenjwa kwizikhululo zokhuseleko kunye nabantu ngokufanayo, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimigca yokubonelela ngezixhobo ezincinane ezisoloko zihlaselwa ziincuthutho.

Uhlalutyo lwemifanekiso ye-Geospatial

Izikhululo zezoshishino zingasebenzisa ugcino-lwazi oluphezulu lokulungisa indlela yokufumana ukwenziwa kwentlango, utshintsho lwamanzi, kunye nomhlaba ongekho mthethweni okhoyo. Obu bukrelekrele bunceda ekuxeleni ukuba kunokwenzeka ntoni na ukungqubana kwezibonelelo, ukuvumela imikhosi yokhuseleko kunye nemibutho yoluntu ukuba ingenelele kwangoko. ESomalia, ukuhlolwa kweedama amanzi kusetyenziswe ukukhangela ungquzulwano phakathi kwabefundisi kunye nabantu abalimi, ukuze kukwazi ukuvelisa impembelelo yonxibelelwano phambi kokwanda kogonyamelo.

Amandla Anokuphinda Avuseleleke Asetyenziselwa Ukhuseleko

Isiseko somkhosi kunye namapolisa kwindawo ezikude, ezibugcijini zixhomekeke kwiinjineli zedizili, ezifuna iinkonzo ezibizayo neziyingozi. Iindawo zokuhlala zelanga kunye nogcino lwebhetri zinganciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli, kunye namaxabiso aphantsi okusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, ukufaka imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo yamandla entlalo esiseko soluntu kungaphucula uhlazo lombane kwimizana ekufutshane, kuncitshiswe iingxelo ezibonisa ukuba urhulumente akakunanzi ukuva ubunzima.

Izinto ezisetyenziswayo kugcino-lwazi ukuze kufakwe imaphu yomngcipheko

Ii-algorithm zokufunda umatshini ezityiweyo zityhile imozulu, izalathiso zezoqoqosho, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwembali lungavelisa iimaphu eziyingozi ngomphumo ophezulu kunye nesigqibo sokwexeshana. Ezi maphu zingakhokela ukwabiwa koncedo lophuhliso, abagcini-majoni, kunye nezibonelelo zokuqala zokulumkisa. Noko ke, izixhobo ezinjalo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngolumko: ugcino-lwazi olungelulo okanye iimodeli ezinekhethe elibuqhetseba zingaqinisa ubukho okanye zikhokelele kwimpendulo exhobileyo kwimingeni eyintloko yokukhula.

Uhlolisiso Oluphathelele Ukudibana Kwemozulu Nobunqolobi

ISahel: Ilizwe Elingadibaniyo Nelogonyamelo

Ngaphaya kwe-Burkina Faso, iMali, neNiger, ukwanda kwentlango yaseSahara kuye kwabangela ukuba abelusi nabalimi bakhuphiswane ngokunzulu. Amaqela anxulumene noAl-Qaeda kunye noRhulumente wamaSilamsi aye asebenzisa ezi ngxaki, afumana kuzo zombini ezi ntlalo ngokunikela iingalo, imali, kunye nokukhusela. Inani labantu abafa kwiimfazwe ezinxulumene neSahel eBahel liye lanyuka, lineefa ezingaphezulu kwama-10 000 kubemi basekuhlaleni ngo-20222 kuphela. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu akungonobangela wokodwa, ubukho bomhlaba obubuthathaka, kunye nokurhwashelwa kwezixhobo ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kwakhona ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinkulu, kodwa kuyinto enamandla. Ilizwe eliphakathi kwelizwe eliziphethe i-Frentshi-Operalkhane (ukupheka) kunye nokugcina uxolo lwe-UNUS, kulwisana nemeko lwelizwe olungenayo ngenxa yemithetho yemithetho yemeko ephantsi.

ILake Chad Basin: Eyona Ngxaki Ingazange Ikhathalelwe Ehlabathini

Ukuncipha kweLake Chad kuye kwasusa izigidi zamazwe nokutshabalalisa iindlela zokuziphilisa. UBoko Haram no-ISWAP bachuma kule ngxaki, besebenzisa izithuba ezirhabaxa, ezinendawo ekhuselekileyo jikelele kwidibi njengendawo yokufihla ingozi. I-Miltralnational Task Force (MNTTF) yemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ahlukeneyo e-Aractic-montrality (MNJTF) yorhwebo lwamazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nokurhwaphiliza, iNiger, iChad, kunye neCameroon-as, kodwa ugonyamelo luyaqhubeka. Isisombululo sexesha elide sifuna ukuhlaziswe kwendalo, ukubizelwa kwemisebenzi yezoqoqosho efana nokufunxafukunyelwa nokuloba ngelanga, kunye nokukhusela okuvumela abantu ukuba babuyele ekukhuseleni. Ngaphandle kokwenza umkhosi, impumelelo iya kuba yexesha elingesongelo.

ISiriya: Imfazwe Yamakhaya Iqala

Nangona imfazwe yamakhaya yase-Siriya ingazange ibangelwe kukutshintsha kwemozulu kuphela, ubungqina bubonisa ukuba imbalela enkulu ukususela ngo-2006 ukuya kutsho ngo-2010 yatshabalalisa uluntu lwasemaphandleni, inyanzelisa abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi ukuba babe kumatyotyombe edolophana kwizixeko ezinjengeAleppo, iHama neDamasko. Oku kushenxiswa kwabantu abaninzi kwabangela ingcinezelo enkulu kwizindlu neenkonzo, izityholo ezinzulu nxamnye norhulumente we-Assad, kwaye kwafaktha kwi-mputha yentlalo eyavela ngo-2011. Ityala lase-Extremistmist amaqela anjengeSilamslim kamva athelela ingxhwela entlani kunye nokwakhiwa kwamangingqingqini. Ityala lase-Siriya libonisa ngokucacileyo indlela uxinelo lwemeko-mente elinamandla ngayo ngokulawulwa kwezobupolitika kunye nokulawulwa kwezoqoqosho ukuze kubangele intlekele.

Isiphelo: Kufunwa Umgaqo - siseko Ongadityaniswanga

I-grobics echaseneyo nexesha lotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokunqongophala kwezibonelelo kufuna ukucingela okusisiseko kweentelekelelo. Ukhuseleko alunakufunyanwa kuphela ngeendlela zomkhosi; kufuneka lwakhiwe kwisiseko sozinzo lwemekobume, izinto zokuziphilisa ezinamandla, kunye nolawulo oluququkileyo. I-nexus phakathi koxinezeleko lwemozulu nogonyamelo olugqithisileyo ayithinteli okanye ayibi lula. Ingingqi ezininzi ezijongene neengxaki zemekobume aziguqukeli ubugrogrisi. Kodwa, apho ulawulo lubuthathaka bubuthathaka, uthelekiso lubukhali, kwaye ulawulo luyachatshazwa, umbano.

Abenzi benkqubo kufuneka basebenzise “indlela esetyenziswayo yokuzikhusela ekuthinteleni i-Green Climate” edibanisa uhlolo lomngcipheko wokusingqongileyo kucwangciso lwesizwe, ukubonelela ngobuchule bokufumana i-atmosfera ebuthathaka, kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano yengingqi kulawulo lwemiba ekwindawo engaphandle. Iindlela zenkxaso yehlabathi jikelele, njengeGreen Climate Fund, kufuneka zifake iprojekthi kwiimeko zemfazwe ezichaphazelekayo nezingachaphazekanga-thanga, kunye neemeko ezizinzileyo zokhuseleko. Ngokuchasene noqingqo-mali oluneyo kufuneka zinike oovimba abane buchule abanentsingiselo bokwazi ukumelana nemeko, inkxaso, inkxaso, kunye nokulawula ukuqinisa iNgqweqwebo yezixhobo zezixhobo zemfazwe kunye nokuhlola.

Uqhagamshelwano phakathi kokunyibilika kwamakhephu kunye nokuqhushumbisa kweebhombu eSahel lusenokubonakala lukude, kodwa luyinxalenye yenkqubo enye. Ukungaphumeleli ukucombulula imvelaphi yokunganqabiseki kommandla wendalo kuya kuqinisekisa kuphela ukuba izikhalazo ezintsha zivele ngokukhawuleza kunezakudala zinokuconjululwa. Ngokudibanisa umbono obanzi, odityanisiweyo wokhuseleko , oquka amanzi, ukutya, umhlaba, kunye nokuzinziswa kwemozulu.