Isizathu Sokuba Ukuhlolisisa Ulwazi Kubaluleke Kakhulu Ngoku Kunanini Na Ngaphambili

Idemokhrasi ixhomekeke kubemi abanokukwazi ukwenza izigqibo eziqiqayo ngemigaqo-nkqubo, iinkokeli, kunye neemeko zikawonke-wonke. Kodwa ukuma komhlaba wezobugcisa kwenza umsebenzi ongundoqo ube nzima kunangaphambili. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-mistry kusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunengxelo yenyaniso, i-algorithm iyasondla ngokusifaka intabalala eqinisa iinkolelo zethu, kwaye nabani na angapapasha nantoni na kwi-intanethi enokuba anokuphenduliswa. Iziphumo zezobuqhophololo zibangela ukuba abantu bangaluthembi uvavanyo lwendlela yokuvota, ukuchasa iinguquko kwezempilo zibangela ukuba abantu balulahle unyango oluqinisekisiweyo, kwaye iintsola yalo yezentlalo. [[FLT: 0] [[FLT:] [FLT]] [iicelonke] amandla okuhlola ulwazi olunzulu, ulwazi olufunekayo ekuboneni ulwazi olufuna i-octivecut symentation projectivesss, i-ographic, i-ographictic, i-ocric.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo esisisiseko sokuvavanya

Phambi kokuntywila kwizixhobo ezithile, kunceda ukwamkela indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuqwalasela naluphi na ulwazi. Iisethi ezimbini ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zinika inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo esebenzayo enoba ufunda ibali leendaba, isipodthe sezentlalo, okanye ufundisiso lwenzululwazi.

Uvavanyo LweCRAAP

Ibuzwa ngamalungu akwiYunivesithi yeLizwe laseKhalifoniya iChico, uvavanyo lweCRAAP lubuza imibuzo emihlanu ngomthombo walo:

  • Utshintsho [[FLT: 0]: lwapapashwa nini okanye lwagqityelwa ukuhlaziywa? Ingaba isayimfuneko kumxholo wakho?
  • [[UMTL:0] Irefuzelo: Ingaba ulwazi luwuphendula ngqo umbuzo wakho okanye lufuna? Ngubani oza kuphulaphula?
  • Igunya: Ngubani oyibhaleyo okanye oyipapashe? Ziziphi iisiqinisekiso okanye amaqela ombhali? Ungafumana indlela ethembekileyo yokuqhagamshelana nabo?
  • Accurity: Ingaba ulwazi luxhaswa bubungqina? Ingaba lungaqinisekiswa kweminye imithombo ethembekileyo? Ingaba kukho imicatshulo okanye izikhombelo?
  • [[UMTL:0] Purpose: Kutheni le nkcazelo ikhona? Ingaba kukuxelela, ukungxengxeza, ukuthoba okanye ukuthengisa into ethile? Ingaba ikho ikhethe okanye iceba?

Uvavanyo lwe CRAAP lunika indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokumisa iiflegi ezibomvu. Iluncedo kakhulu ekuqwalaseleni iiwebsite, ii-blogs, kunye namanqaku avela kwimvelaphi engaqhelekanga. Iiyunivesithi ezininzi zinika uluhlu lwe CRAAP olushicilelweyo olunokusetyenziswa njengesalathisi esikhawulezayo.

Indlela YeSIFT

Mike Caulfield, isazi-lwazi sophando kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington, wasungula indlela ebanzi ebizwa ngokuba yiSIFT, eyenzelwe ukukhusela imeko-bume ye-intanethi ekhawulezayo. Isigama esingunobumba simela intshukumo ezine:

  • S phezulu. Phambi kokwabelana okanye ukukholelwa intwana yolwazi, nqumama uze uzibuze ukuba uyawazi na imvelaphi nodumo lwayo.
  • I dibanisa umthombo. Jonga umvakalisi, umbhali, okanye umbutho. Abanye oonobangela abathembekileyo bathini ngokuthembeka kwabo? Khangela i Wikipedias, Media/Fact, okanye uphengululo olulula lwe Google ngegama elidibanisa “i-bias” okanye“inyani".
  • F ikhutshwa ngokungcono. Endaweni yokuvavanya intengo yantlandlolo ngqo, khangela ingxelo ethembekileyo ngomxholo omnye. Imibutho emikhulu yeendaba, amaqumrhu karhulumente, okanye amaziko emfundo asoloko enikela ingxelo ethembeke ngakumbi.
  • [[FLT: 0]T iintelekelelo, iingcaphulo, kunye ne media kumongo wokuqala. Iindawo ezininzi ezifakwa kwi viruss zikhupha iinkcukacha ezingundoqo. Fumana ufundo lokuqala, ividiyo, okanye cinezela ukhupho ukuqinisekisa ukuba intengo igqwethiwe kusini na.

I-SIFT isebenza kakhulu kwiindaba ukuququzelela, ukhuphiswano lwentlalo londla, kwaye ifundisa abafundi ukuba “bafunde kamva” ngokuvula oo-tab abatsha ukuphanda imvelaphi, kunokuba bahlale kwiphepha lokuqala.

Izixhobo Ezisebenzisekayo Zokuhlola Okubaluliweyo

Ngapha koko, isixhobo esisetyenziswa ngamanani sinokukukhawulezisa size silobise uvavanyo lwakho.

I-website ezichaphazelekayo

Imibutho echanabekayo ehlola imbali iphanda iingxelo zezopolitiko, ezopolitiko, kunye namabali eendaba. Inika ireyithingi ezenza kube lula ukubona ukuba inyani, bubuxoki okanye iyalahlekisa. Iinkonzo zokukhokela ziquka:

  • [[UMTLH: 0] Iintsontela[[UMTLL:1]
  • [[UMTL:0]IFACTC.org[[UMTL:1]
  • [[UMTL_HOLO] i-PolitiFALT[[UMTLBA:1]
  • Ukujonga Inyaniso Nenyaniso Ye-Reuters

Abakhangeli-nyaniso abaninzi bakwasebenza “ukukhangela okusebenzayo” ukukhangela kumaqonga njengoGoogle. Ukukhangela ibango kwiingcaphulo kudla ngokuzisa inqaku elikhangela inyani ukuba iye yaphengululwa.

Imithombo yezixhobo zekhompyutha

Ukuqonda utyekelo lwezobupolitika kunye nemigangatho yomhleli yokukhupha eendaba kukunceda ulungelelanise ucalulo. Amanxuwa afana Media Bias/Fact Khangela kunye ne AllSides degrees ezikhupha isantya kulwandla lwasekhohlo-center-hea--header kunye nomgangatho we manani obonisa iingxelo zenyaniso. Ngelixa kungekho reyithingi egqibeleleyo, ezi zixhobo zinika incam eluncedo ekufumaneni ukuthembeka komthombo.

Imfundo kunye neDatabase yoLwazi

Ngokwezibhengezo ezithi uphando okanye amanani, yiya ngqo kuphando olujongiwe koontanga. Umphengululi uGoogle (umzekelo.google), iPubMud (kwinzululwazi yempilo neyobomi), kunye ne-JSTOR zizinto ezintle kakhulu zokuqalisa. Ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kwiphepha elipheleleyo, khangela izishicileli okanye izishwankathelane kwimibutho enedume njenge National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, kunye ne Medicine.

Izixhobo Zokukhangela Nezohlolo

Izihlomelo ezifana neMaphephandaba Guard (ezikhoyo ze Chrome, Firefox, Ephendla, kunye ne Safari) zibonisa ireyithi yokuthembeka ecaleni kweewebhusayithi zeendaba. Ezinye izixhobo ezifana ne 's Widget's Resolution Project'S Hloricalology inikeza izifundo ezidityanisiweyo zobuchule bokwakha. Ukutshintsha uphengululo lomfanekiso (Imifanekiso yeGogle okanye i-Tineye) kungalandela umongo wokuqala wefoto okanye ividiyo, ukubonisa ukuba itshintshiwe okanye ibhalwe kakubi.

Iindlela eziqhubela phambili zoqinisekiso olunzulu

Xa intengo iziva ikrokrelekile kodwa ukukhangela ngokukhawuleza akuyisombululi, sebenzisa ezi ndlela ziphambili.

Ukufunda Emva

Kunokufunda inqaku olivavanyayo, vula ii-tab ezintsha eziza kufunda ngomvakalisi, umbhali, kunye nemithombo engundoqo abayikhankanyayo. Ukufunda kwala maxesha yindlela yobuchule yokukhangela intsingiselo esetyenziswayo. Umzekelo, ukuba iwebhsayithi ithi ichaza “impumelelo yenzululwazi,” ukuvula isithuba uphando ngemali yewebhsayithi, ibhodi yabahleli, kunye nerekhodi yerekhodi. Jonga ukuba umbutho liqumrhu elisemthethweni kwezenzululwazi okanye iqela eliphambili.

Buyisela uphendlo lomfanekiso kunye nophendlo lwevidiyo

Umfanekiso osetyenziswayo ungayitshintsha intsingiselo yebali. Sebenzisa i-Google Imifanekiso, i-Tineye, okanye i-Yandex ukukhangela umfanekiso ukuphakamisa umfanekiso okanye ukucola i URL yawo. Iziphumo zokukhangela zizakubonisa apho umfanekiso uvele khona ngaphambili, ngokufuthi utyhila umongo wawo wokuqala. Kwiividiyo, izixhobo ezifana ne YouTube Data Viener (kwi- Amnesty International) ikhupha ukutyhila okukhawulezayo kokubuyisela uphelo noku bonisa imihla.

Uphando Lweewebhsayithi Nababhali

Sebenzisa isiseko se-WHOIS (amanxuwa afana ne-whois.domaintools.com) ukubona xa ummandla ubhalisiwe kwaye ungowabani. Ummandla oselula kakhulu wenxuwa elizibanga liyindawo yokukhupha iindaba emiselwe ixesha elide yiflegi ebomvu. Kubabhali, khangela igama labo kunye neziqinisekiso zabo ezichaziweyo. Jonga iiprofile zemfundo, iiwebhsayithi zabaqeshi, okanye iimpapasho kwingingiselwano ezineduso ezithembekileyo. Ukuba ufumana iziqulatho okuqulukileyo kobuqu okanye ii-akhawunti ezingaziyo, phatha ulwazi ngobulumko.

Ukuqonda Iindlela Zokuhlola Ingxaki

Ubuchopho bethu bunokusilahlekisa nokuba buneemvakalelo ezingafaniyo.

  • Ukuqinisekisa ucalucalulo: Utyekelo lokufuna nokukholelwa inkcazelo engqina iinkolelo ezikhoyo. Lunga ufunde ngabom imithombo evavanya iimbono zakho kwaye uzibuze, “Bubuphi ubungqina obungaguqula ingqondo yam?”
  • [[FLT: 0] uqhekeko lobunyani: Ukugweba iziganeko ezisekelwe kwindlela elula ngayo engqondweni. Ibali elothusayo lolwaphulo-mthetho olunqabileyo lingenza ucinge ukuba luqhelekile. Lichase ngokufuna ugcino-lwazi lwezibalo kunokuba lifumaneke.
  • Isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger: ukulinganisela kakhulu ulwazi lwakho kumxholo. Ukuvavanya ulwazi kufuna ukuthobeka. Okukhona ufunda okuninzi ngomxholo, kokukhona ungaqonda ukuba ungazi kangakanani.
  • Ikhethe eliphicothayo: Ukuthembela kakhulu kwiceba lokuqala lolwazi olufikelelweyo (i-ankile). Xa uvavanya ityala, qala ngophando oluzimeleyo kunokuba ube yingxelo ekhumbulekayo.

Indlela yokuphelisa ucalucalulo ayithethi kuthi umntu ufanele aphelise ikhethe kodwa ifanele ibangele ukuba asebenzise izinto ezinokumenza angakwazi ukuphembelela abanye.

Indima Yemithetho Yezopolitiko Nezentlalo

Iiplatform ezifana ne Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, kunye noYouTube zenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukuganana, hayi ukuchana. Imithetho yazo yangaphambili iqulethe okuxhokonxa iimvakalelo ezinamandla, kuba oko kugcina abasebenzisi behlisa benyusa. I-Misform idla ngokusebenzisa oku ngokusebenzisa izihloko ezichukumisayo, ulwimi olwahlulayo nongxamiseko olungeyonyani.

Amagumbi entlokoma akha xa i-algorithm ikondla okunento efana neyakho leyo wakha wayenza ngaphambili. Ukuphuma:

  • Landela iingxelo ngeenguqulelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zezobupolitika nezobuzwe ezisabambelele kwimilinganiselo emihle.
  • Sebenzisa i “mute” okanye“block” iimpawu zokunciphisa ukuchanabeka kwakho kubadlali abaziwayo abangalunganga.
  • Funa imithombo esisiseko: iiwebhsayithi zikarhulumente ezisemthethweni, oolindixesha abajongwe ngoontanga, neengxelo ezingqalileyo ezivela kumaqumrhu okanye kwiingcaphephe.
  • Ngoku abaninzi babhala amajelo eendaba asetyenziswa kakubi okanye baphikisane nawo, nangona bengasoloko beyibamba yonke into.

Iplatform inika izixhobo zogcino-lwazi kunye nezihluzi zokukhangela eziphambili. Umzekelo, ukukhangela kuka-Twitter okuphambili kukuvumela ukuba uhluze ngexesha, imvakalelo, kunye nohlobo lwe akhawunti, enokukunceda ufumane imbonakalo yokuqala yento okanye uqinisekise ukuba i-akhawunti esemthethweni ipose into.

Ukufundisa Ukufunda Ukubhala Ngeminyaka Yamanani

Abafundisi banendima ebalulekileyo abamele bayifeze. Abafundi akufunekanga bafunde nje ukusebenzisa i-intanethi, kodwa indlela yokugweba oko bakufumanayo. Uphando olusuka kwiStanford History Education Group lubonise ukuba abafundi abaninzi bazama ukwahlula izibhengezo kwiindaba, ukuxhaswa kokuqulethwe kokuzingca, ukukhutshwa kwengxelo ezizimeleyo, nokuqinisekiswa kwemithombo ephuma kwinkohliso.

Iindlela eziphumelelayo zokufundisa ziquka:

  • Uhlolo olucetyiweyo kuhlelo lwenkqubo: Endaweni yesifundo esiqinileyo, ziqhelise ukuvavanya imithombo xa abafundi bephanda nasiphi na isihloko, inzululwazi-mbali, irejistations.
  • [[FLT: 0] Sebenzisa imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene: yiza kwingxelo ye virus okanye ibali leendaba eliphikiswayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Lungisa uvavanyo lwezentlalo-ntle ye intanethi: Yenza utyiso oludityanisiweyo olungumxube weendaba zokwenene, isilinda, okuqulethweyo okuxhaswe, kunye nolwazi lobuxoki. Cela abafundi ukuba bachaze ukuba zeziphi izinto ezifuna ukukhangela inyani kwaye ke bahlole.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ubalo-mali kunye nabameli-layibrari: isikolo kunye nabaququzeleli bethala leencwadi zikawonke-wonke ziingcali ekuhlolweni kolwazi. Bangakhokela ushicilelo okanye izabelo zeposi.
  • Ukunika imfundo ehlala ihleli: Yabelana ngobuncwane obufana neprojekthi yokukhangela iScreenshot yeProgSlideology, enika izifundo ezikhululekileyo, ezisebenzisanayo ukwenzela amapaseji ama-6-12 nangaphaya.

Ukufundisa ukulayishwa kwenkcazelo kukwathetha ukuyifota. Xa abafundisi bechaza indlela abacinga ngayo ukuze baqinisekise oko bakuthethayo, ngokomzekelo, ukubonisa abafundi indlela abakhangela ngayo imali efumaneka kumthombo wemali, oku kwenza ubuchule bukwazi ukufuduswa.

Ukoyisa Iingxaki Eziqhelekileyo

Kwanabantu abanomdla bajamelana nemiqobo, nazi iindlela zokulungisa iingxaki ezixhaphakileyo.

Ulwazi luninzi

Umthamo osisombululo ungakonakalisa. Sebenzisa abaququzeli beendaba abafana noGoogle News RSS bondla, ifolodi enikezelwe kumgangatho wobu gcino-lwazi, okanye amaphepha-maphepha avela kwimithombo ethembekileyo. Beka bucala iibloko ezithile zexesha lokusetyenziswa kondaba kunokuqengqeleka rhoqo. Ubunzulu obungaphambili bobubanzi: amabali ambalwa anikezelwe kakuhle axabiseke kakhulu kunekhulu leendaba.

Uqinisekiso

Ziqhelise ukufunda inqaku elinye ngeveki, usuka kwimithombo ongavumelaniyo nayo, ukuba loo mthombo uxhomekeke kuludwe lweencwadi ezithembekileyo. Qaphela apho uvumelana khona nobungqina obukhoyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kukhulisa ukuthobeka kwengqondo kuze kulola impikiswano yakho.

Ulwazi Olutshintsha Ngokukhawuleza

Ngexesha lokwaphula iziganeko zeendaba, ulwazi luguquka ngeyure. Eyona ndlela ingcono kukulinda imithombo enegunya ukuba ilinganise kwi-(ingxelo ze-ofisi ze-ofisi, iingqungquthela zoorhulumente, okanye imibutho emikhulu yeendaba ejonge inyani. Zibophelele ukulumkisa ukusuka kwizinto ezijongwayo okanye iiprojekthi ezidumileyo ukuze ufumane uhlaziyo njengoko ziqinisekiswa.

Ukuzikhohlisa Ngokweemvakalelo

Ulwaneliseko olukwenza ube nomsindo, uloyiko okanye ucaphuke ngokokuziphatha lusoloko lwenzelwe ukukubetha ngoyaba ukugxeka. Xa uvakalelwa kukuba uthatha inyathelo elinamandla, thatha oko njengecebo lokunqumama uze usebenzise isiFT. Zibuze: “Ngaba oku kwenzelwe ukundenza ndisabele ngaphandle kokucinga? Ucinga ntoni umqwalaseli ongathathi cala-cala emva kokuphengulula ngomthombo?"

Isiphelo

Ulwazi olukhuphayo asiloxesha elinye kodwa luqheliselo oluqhubekekayo. Izixhobo kunye neesemicimbi ezichazwe apha/CRAAP, SIFT, i-website ezikhangela inyani, ukufunda ngaphaya, uluvo, uphando olunentsingiselo olunento olunokuthenjwa lokukhokela imeko-bume yolwazi yanamhlanje entsonkothileyo. Akukho ndlela ilungileyo, kodwa xa isetyenziswa kunye yenza ukhuseleko olunamandla nxamnye nenkohliso.

Ukuze idemokhrasi iphumelele, abemi kufuneka okungakumbi kunokufumana nje ulwazi; kufuneka bafumane ubuchule bokugweba ubunjani bayo. Abafundisi, abasebenzi bethala leencwadi, iintatheli, kunye neeqonga bonke banendima abamele bayidlale, kodwa ekugqibeleni imbopheleleko ixhomekeke kuthi sonke njengabaxhasi benkcazelo. Ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela nokuzifundisa kwabanye, asimele someleze nje kuphela ukuqonda kwethu kodwa siqinise yonke imibandela yengxoxo kawonke-wonke.

Qalisa incinci. Kwixesha elizayo ubona into emangalisayo okanye echukumisileyo, yima ngaphambi kokwabelana. Vula i tab entsha, phengulula imvelaphi, kwaye khangela imvelaphi engcono. Lo mkhwa omnye, ophindaphindwa rhoqo, ungakuguqula ukusuka kumthengi ongenzi nto ube ngumthathi-nxaxheba okhutheleyo nobalulekileyo kubomi bedemokhrasi.