Ukuqonda Isiseko Senkonzo KaJury

Inkqubo yokukhetha abachopheli-tyala ime njengenye yezona mpawu zahlukileyo nezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yomthetho waseMerika. Iguqula abemi abaqhelekileyo babe ngamagosa okwexeshana enkundla, ibanika imbopheleleko enzulu yokugqiba ukuba banetyala okanye bamsulwa kwiimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye netyala kwiimbambano zamakhaya. Kubantu abaninzi, ukufumana izicelo zabachopheli-tyala kukokokuqala nokudibana nenkqubo yokugweba, kukwenza kube yimfuneko ukuqonda indlela inkqubo esebenza ngayo, amalungelo nezibophelelo zeejaji zejaji, nesizathu sokuba le micimbi yequmrhu.

Enyanzelweni yayo, ukhetho lwabachopheli-tyala lufuna ukwenza iqela loontanga abangakhethi buso abanokuvavanya ubungqina ngokungachananga baze banikele isigqibo esifanelekileyo. Inkqubo ayikokugcina izihlalo ezibekwe enkundlani; ikukukhusela ilungelo lomGaqo-siseko lokuvavanya ngabachopheli-mthetho, ilungelo eliqulethwe kwiZigqibo zeSithandathu nezeSiphekepheke seSithandathu kumGaqo-siseko waseUnited States. Ukuqonda indlela abemi abangaba ngabachopheli-jaji abanceda ngayo baphelise inkqubo esemthethweni kwaye kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuba nenxaxheba kwezentlalo-ntle.

Isiseko soMgaqo-siseko nesoMthetho woKhetho loBuJuli

Ilungelo lokuchophela amatyala linemvelaphi enzulu embali, iqala emva kwiMagna Carta ngo-1215. EUnited States, iSiHlaliso seSithandathu siqinisekisa ilungelo lokuchophela ityala ngokukhawuleza nangokuba likhulu liququzelelwa ngabachopheli-tyala abangakhethiyo kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. ISindululo seSeventic Amentel sidlulisela eli lungelo kumatyala abandakanya iimpikiswano zempahla okanye sonakalise umqobo othile. Le migaqo-siseko ingumgangatho osemthethweni apho lonke ukhetho lwejaji.

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, iNkundla ePhakamileyo iye yakhupha imithetho emininzi elawula indlela eqhutywa ngayo ukhetho lwabachopheli-tyala. Izigqibo ezingundoqo ziye zaxubusha imibandela yocalucalulo lobuhlanga kukhetho lwabachopheli-tyala, umlinganiselo ovumelekileyo wamagqwetha obuza ngethuba lokungakhethi, kunye nemigangatho yokumisa ijaji ekwakheni ityala lembali Batson v. Kentucky [1986]) abatshutshisi abangeni ekusebenziseni imingeni yokuzingela ukukhupha abanokuba ngabachopheli bebophelele besekelwe kuhlanga. Le miqathango iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ebhaliweyo ihlala ilungile kwaye ihamba ngolu hlobo.

IMithetho yoManyano lweProcedure kunye nemimiselo engqamene norhulumente inika isicwangciso somgaqo wokukhetha abachopheli betyala. Ngeli xesha imigaqo esisiseko ifana, ulawulo ngalunye lunokuba neenguqu zalo kwindlela abagwebi ababizwa ngayo, babuzwa, bahlala ngayo. Ukuqonda ezi ziseko ezisemthethweni kunceda abalawuli abanokuba noxabiso lombizane wendima yabo kunye nezixhobo ezakhelwe kwinkqubo.

Umntu Onokukhonza Njengomngxuma

Asingommi ngamnye ofanelekileyo ukuba asebenze kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala. Imithetho yesizwe neyesizwe imisela iimfaneleko ezikhethekileyo ezimele zihlangatyezelwe ngabachopheli beejaji. Ngokwesiqhelo, abagwebi kufuneka babe ngabemi baseUnited States abaneminyaka eli-18 ubuncinane nabemi besithili esigwebayo apho ityala liqhubeka khona. Kufuneka bakwazi ukufunda, ukubhala, nokuqonda kakuhle isiNgesi ngokwaneleyo ukuba baqonde iziphumo. Ngaphezu koko, abagwebi kufuneka bagwetywe ngetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle kokuba amalungelo abo amakhaya abuyiselwe.

Abanye abantu bakhululwa okanye bangenziwanga bangenele inkonzo yetyala. Abasebenzi bomkhosi, amagosa karhulumente, namagqwetha agunyazisiweyo basoloko bekhutshwa ngaphandle. Abantu abaneemeko ezinzulu zempilo, abo baye basebenza kwinkundla yejaji kunyaka ophelileyo, okanye abo banokujamelana nobunzima obungeyomfuneko nabo basenokugwetywa. Iinkundla zidla ngokucinga ukuba izicelo zokungathathi nxaxheba okanye zokungangeni tyala zinokuxhomekeka kwityala, ziqinisekisa ukuba iqumrhu labacholi-jaji lihlala libanzi kwaye lilawulwa.

Injongo yezi mfuneko zokonwabisa kukuyila inkundla ebonakalisa icandelo elinqamlezayo loluntu. Inkundla ehlukeneyo yabachopheli-tyala idibanisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo namava obomi, anokukhokelela ekucingisiseni ngokucokisekileyo nakwiiziphumo ezifanelekileyo. Noko ke, ukufikelela umelo lokwenyaniso kuhlala kulucelomngeni oluqhubekayo, njengoko amanye amaqela abemi ebekwe phantsi kwembali kumaqula abachopheli.

Inkqubela Yokushwankathela: Ukusuka Ekukhetheni Ukuya Kwigumbi Lenkundla

Uhambo olusuka ekubeni ngummi ongacwangciswanga ukuya kumchopheli-tyala ohleliyo luqala ngezicelo zabachopheli. Iinkundla zivelisa uluhlu lwabachopheli bejaji abavela kwimithombo enjengeengxelo zobhaliso, iidatabase zelayisensi zomqhubi, neengxelo zokwalatha kukarhulumente. Olu luhlu ludityaniselwe ukwenza ivili lejaji elilawulayo apho amagama akhethwe khona ngokuzenzekelayo. Inkqubo yokukhetha engakhethiyo ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iqumrhu labachobi limele icandelo elifanelekileyo lokunqamlezisa ibutho.

Xa ummi efumana imvume yabachopheli-tyala, uxwebhu lunika ulwazi olubalulekileyo, kuquka umhla nexesha lokuvela kwinkundla, ixesha elilindelekileyo lenkonzo, kunye nemiyalelo ngendlela yokucela ukubotshwa okanye ukukhulula. I-fimponss zidla ngokuthunyelwa ngeposi, nangona amanye amagunya eqala ukusebenzisa izaziso ze-elektroniki. Abamkeli banyanzelekile ukuba baphendule, kwaye ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kungaphumela kwintembelo okanye kwezinye izigwebo.

Ngosuku lwenkonzo, abachopheli-jutheli bejaji banikela ingxelo kwindlu yenkundla baze bahlole kunye nabasebenzi abalawulayo. Basenokubukela ividiyo yembonakaliso okanye bafumane intetho emfutshane ecacisa inkqubo yenkundla kunye neembopheleleko zabo. Ukusuka apho, baba yinxalenye yeqela elikhulu labachopheli-mgwebi, elikwabizwa ngokuba yi-venire, apho amaqela amancinci aza kukhethwa khona ukuze avavanywe ngokungqalileyo. Ubungakanani be-ventire bungahluka kakhulu, ukusuka kumakhulu ukuya kumakhulu abantu, kuxhomekeka kubuntlola nokubhengezwa kwetyala.

Inkqubo yokumema yenzelwe ukusasaza uxanduva lwenkonzo yabachopheli-tyala ngokubanzi. Inkoliso yabemi iza kubizwa ukuba yenze umsebenzi wokuchophela ityala kanye okanye kabini ebomini babo, nangona abanye benokubizwa rhoqo kuxhomekeka kwindawo abahlala kuyo nakwimfuno zenkundla. Ukuqonda inkqubo yokumema kunceda abemi baphendule ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kunciphisa ixhala elisoloko liquka izimemo zabachopheli-tyala.

Intliziyo Ethanda Ukubulala Inyama

Igama elithi elitshayelelayo livela kwisiFrentshi, intsingiselo ukuthetha inyaniso[. Eli nqanaba lokhetho lwabachopheli-mthetho liyintyelelo enkulu, njengoko libandakanya uncinwa olucwangcisiweyo lwabaquzeleli bejaji ukutyhila ucalulo, ikhethe, okanye ezinye izinto ezinokuchaphazela amandla abo okukhetha. U Voirdad uqhutywa ngumgwebi, amagqwetha amacala omabini, okanye ngamanye amaxesha, kuxhomekeke kulawulo nakwindawo eejaji.

Umbuzo uquka imibandela emininzi elungiselelwe ukutyhila ikhethe. Abasebenzi bejaji abasenokuba banokubuzwa ngemvelaphi yabo yobuqu, kuquka umsebenzi wabo, imfundo, kunye nemeko yabo yomtshato. Basenokungaqinisekwa ngamava abo angaphambili kwinkqubo engokwasemthethweni, njengaxa bona okanye umntu abamaziyo ebelixhoba lolwaphulo-mthetho, iqela elimangalelwayo, okanye ummangali kwityala elandulela ityala.

Attorney babuza ngeenkolelo ezibambeke ngokunzulu ezinokuphembelela ukwenza izigqibo kwejaji. Umzekelo, kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho elibandakanya ukuziqubisa, amagqwetha angabuza ngeembono zejaji ngobuni okanye ukhuseleko lobuqu. Kwimeko yasekuhlaleni echaza ukungaphili kakuhle kwezonyango, bangahlola isimo sengqondo somntu osebenza ngejaji ngoogqirha nangenkqubo yempilo. Injongo ayikokufumana abagcuma abangenazimvo konke konke kodwa iyakwazi ukuphawula abo banokubeka ecaleni iimbono zabo zobuqu baze bagqibele kwityala elisekelwe kwingxelo enikelwe kwinkundla.

IVoir ekhwankqisayo ingahlala naphi na ukusuka kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku eziliqela, kuxhomekeke ekuntsonkothekeni kwetyala nakumanani abanokuvela kwityala lejaji. Kwimeko eziphezulu ze-profile, abagwebi bangasebenzisa iincwadi zemibuzo ezibhaliweyo ukuqokelela ulwazi lokuqala ngaphambi kokuba kuqalise ukubuzwa ngomlomo. La maphepha-mibuzo ancedayo alandelela inkqubo kwaye avumele amagqwetha aqonde imicimbi enzima esenokufuna ingxubusho enzulu ngexesha lobungozi.

Indima Yomgwebi Ekudilizweni Kwemincili

Ijaji yengamela i-voir ekhwankqisayo kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba imibuzo ihlala ilungile kwaye ifanelekile. Abagwebi banobuchule obuphangaleleyo bokubumba inkqubo eyingozi, kuquka ukugqiba ukuba yiyiphi imibuzo esenokubuzwa, ixesha amagqwetha analo lokubuza, nokuba angaqhuba ixesha elingakanani na ukubuza ngokwawo. Kwezinye iindawo, abagwebi bathatha indima ephambili ekunciniseni abasebenzi abanokusebenza, ingakumbi kwiinkundla zikarhulumente apho igcisa elinobuchule lilinganiselwe ngakumbi.

Inkxalabo ephambili yejaji kukukhusela ukuthembeka kwetyala. Oku kuquka ukukhusela abagwebi kwimibuzo ephazamisayo okanye egxekayo ngeli xesha besavumela amagqwetha ukuba aqokelele ulwazi olwaneleyo ukuze asebenzise iingxaki zawo ngobukrelekrele. Abagwebi bangafundisa abo banokuba ngabagwebi ngokubaluleka kokunyaniseka neziphumo zokufihla ikhethe ngexesha lobungozi.

Iiatritroneys ngexesha leVoir Dire

Kumagqwetha, i-voir iyingozi kakhulu, bubugcisa kunye nenzululwazi. Injongo kukuba baphawule abasebenzi bejaji abasenokuba bamkele imeko yomxhasi wabo lo gama bekwatyhila abo basenokuba bakulungele ukuchasana nayo. Amagqwetha anamava anikela ingqalelo engakumbi kungekuphela nje koko abanokuthi bakuthethe abasebenzi bejaji kodwa kwanolwimi lwabo lomzimba, isandi selizwi, kunye nendlela yokusebenza.

I-athorney ikwasebenzisa i-voir ngobuchule ukwakha unxulumano nabachopheli-tyala kwaye iqalisa ukuchaza imbali yetyala. Igqwetha elinobuchule lingabuza imibuzo echaza ngobuchule imixholo engundoqo yengxoxo yabo okanye igxininise ubuthathaka kwityala leli cala liphikisanayo. Noko ke, oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo, njengoko abagwebi benokumisela umda ukubuza okubonakala ngathi kukuphikisa okanye ukuguqula ityala kunokuba batyhile ikhethe.

Le nkqubo inzima ngakumbi ngemfuneko yokukhusela ulwazi olunobuchule. Abasebenzi bejaji abasenokuba bakulungele ukuvuma iimbono ezigqwethekileyo, ingakumbi kwinkundla evulekileyo kunye nabanye abachopheli-mthetho abakhoyo. Ukuthetha oku, abagwebi basoloko bevumela amagqwetha ukuba acele iingqungquthela zabucala okanye umntu ngamnye okhwankqisayo, apho ijaji ithandatyuzwa ngaphandle kwabantu abaphulaphuliyo. Le ndlela isenokubangela ukuba abantu baphendule ngokunyanisekileyo kodwa ikwathi kwandise ixesha elifunekayo ekukhetheni ijaji.

Ucelomngeni Ekukhetheni: Ukuze Kubekho Isizathu Nesiciko

Xa i-voir igqibile, amagqwetha anethuba lokususa abagwebi abathile beqela. Oku kususwa, okubizwa ngokuba ziingxaki, kuza ngendidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: ucelomngeni lonobangela nocelomngeni. Nganye ifeza injongo eyahlukileyo kwaye iphantsi kwemithetho eyahlukeneyo kunye nemiqathango.

Iingxaki Zokujamelana Nezizathu

Ingxaki yesizathu isekelwe kwisizathu esingqalileyo, esingenakuchazwa isizathu sokuba umntu onokuba ngumgwebi angabi nakukhetha. Olu celomngeni alunakuthelekiswa namanani, okuthetha ukuba igqwetha lingalucel ’ umngeni njengoninzi lwabachopheli betyala njengezizathu zobungqina. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokucelw'udonga ngenxa yesizathu ziquka ukuvuma kwengcaciso, ulwalamano lobuqu neqela okanye ubungqina, ngaphambi kolwazi lwetyala elingenakubekwa ecaleni, okanye ukungakwazi ukuchaza umthetho njengoyalelo lomgwebi.

Xa igqwetha lisenza ucelomngeni lombango, ijaji kufuneka ilawule. Ukuba ijaji iyavuma ukuba ijaji ayinakukhetha, ijaji iyarhoxiswa. Ukuba ijaji ayivumelani, ijaji ihlala equleni, nangona igqwetha lisenokumsusa umgwebi esebenzisa ucelomngeni ukuba ubani ukhona. Isigqibo somgwebi kwimingeni exhomekeke ekuhlolweni, nangona iijaji zokulingwa zinikwe umva obalulekileyo ngenxa yokuba zinenzuzo yokuqwalasela imbonakalo yomntu ohlala egqir.

Iingxaki Eziziintsizi

Imingeni enzima ivumela amagqwetha ukuba akhuphe igqwetha ngaphandle kokunika nasiphi na isizathu. Olu celomngeni lulinganiselwe ngamanani, asuka ku 3 ukuya ku-10 kwicala ngalinye kuxhomekeka kulawulo nakwimeko yetyala. Iingxaki zokucinezela zisixhobo esiluncedo esivumela amagqwetha ukuba asuse amagqwetha ajonge ukuba akamkelekanga, naxa kungekho bungqina bucacileyo bomkhethe owaneleyo ukuxhasa ucelomngeni lokwenza into.

Noko ke, imingeni engapheliyo ayipheleli. Isigqibo seNkundla Ephakamileyo sibatson v. Kentucky simiselwe ukuba iingxaki zokuzikhulula azinakusetyenziswa ukukhupha izijungqu ezisekelwe kuhlanga. Imithetho elandelelanayo yanwebela lo mthetho kumntu wesini kwaye, kutshanje, kwisigqibo sezobuGqirha. Ukuba iqela elichasayo linyusa i- Batson[ igqwetha igqeba elisebenzisa ucelomngeni kufuneka linikezele umdyalelwano-no-we-sihlalo sohlanga okanye ubufana-neutral ngokwesivakalisi ngesizathu sokurhoxiswa. Ngoko ke umgwebi umisela ukuba ngaba i-froptagey inyani okanye inyani yesizathu socalu-.

Ukudibanisa imingeni yonobangela kunye nocelomngeni oludala ukwenziwa koxwebhu lokugqibela lwabachopheli-tyala. Ama-Attorney kufuneka asebenzise imingeni yawo elinganiselweyo yokuzinzisa, ayigcinela abagwebi abayifumana ingamkelekanga xa bexhomekeke kucelomngeni lokususa abantu abachaphazelekayo. Le nkqubo ifuna umgwebo okhawulezayo nokuqonda kakuhle amandla nobuthathaka betyala.

Ukukhetha Nokugqibela Nesiqalelo

Emva kokuba kusetyenziswe zonke iingxaki, abaseleyo abasemajukujukwini bahlala njengejaji eligwebayo. Kwimiba emininzi yabejaji, abachopheli-tyala baquka amalungu alishumi elinesibini, nangona amatyala amancinane esenokusetyenziswa kwiityala zamakhaya okanye kwiinkundla ezithile zikarhulumente. Ngaphezu koko, omnye okanye abagqwesi-jaji abahlukeneyo bakhethwa ukuba basebenze njengezithathi-nxaxheba ukuba umgwebi othe rhoqo akakwazi ukuqhubeka ebudeni betyala.

Abagwebi abakhethiweyo benza isifungo sokunikela isigqibo esiyinyaniso ngokusekelwe kubungqina obunikiweyo. Ijaji ifunda imiyalelo yokuqala, ichaza imisebenzi yejaji, umthwalo wokuqinisekisa, nemilinganiselo esemthethweni ekufuneka isetyenziswe. Kule meko, ukuchotshelwa kwetyala kuqala ngokusuka kumagqwetha.

Inkqubo ye-plagint ibonisa ukuguquka kokhetho lwabachopheli-tyala ukuya kwityala ngokufanelekileyo. Kubahlali bejaji abatsha, eli thuba linokuba libukhali kwaye linike amandla. Baphathiswe imbopheleleko ebalulekileyo yesizwe, kwaye iziphumo zetyala ziza kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwingqalelo yabo enyathelweni, kwiingcinga ezigxekayo, kunye nomgwebo ohlanganyelweyo.

Ukuguquka Kwale Mihla Notshintsho Ekukhetheni

Inkqubo yokukhetha abachopheli-tyala iyaqhubeka iguquka ijongene nenkqubela-phambili yobugcisa, iinguqu zamanani, kunye nokukhula kolwazi olungeyonkqubo yokucalucalulo. Iinkundla ezininzi zihlola iindlela zokwenza inkonzo yabachopheli-tyala ifikeleleke ngakumbi kwaye ingabi nzima kakhulu kubemi. Amanye amagunya ngoku avumela abachopheli-mthetho ukuba bagqibe ii-grain zokuqala zokubuza kwi-intanethi, kuncitshiswe ixesha abamele balichithe kwinkundla. Ezinye ziye zasebenzisa iinkqubo zelixam, apho inkonzo yejaji igqi igqitywe ngosuku olunye ngaphandle kokuba ikhethwe ukuba ivavanywe ixesha elide.

Ubuxhakaxhaka buye batshintsha indlela iinkundla ezinxibelelana ngayo nabaququzeleli bejaji abanokuba ngabasebenzi bejaji. Izikhumbuzo zomyalezo, izaziso ze-imeyili, kunye nee-intanethi zivumela iinkundla ukuba zinciphise umyinge wenkonzo yabachopheli-tyala. Amanye amatyala aphezulu asebenzisa ii-jaji zemibuzo ezinikwa ii-computer ezikhuselekileyo, zivumela amagqwetha ukuba ahlole iimpendulo phambi kokuba i-voir aqalise kwaye anciphise ixesha elifunekayo lokubuza ngomlomo.

Imigudu yokuphucula ukuvalela abachopheli betyala iye yaphumelela kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Amanye amaphondo aye andisa imithombo yawo yenkundla yokuchophela amatyala ukuze aquke ii-database ezongezelelekileyo, ezifana nezeenkonzo zoluntu okanye iinkqubo zoncedo lukawonke-wonke, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingeniso ephantsi kunye nabemi abambalwa abakhutshwayo amaqela ahlukeneyo. Olunye utshintsho lujolise ekunciphiseni inani labantu abakhulula abantu ngokuzenzekela, lukhuthaza ukuba nenxaxheba kuzo zonke iinkalo zengingqi.

Ukusetyenziswa koqeqesho olucacileyo lwekhethe kubagwebi namagqwetha yenye inkalo ehlaziyiweyo. Ngokuphakamisa ukuphaphanyiswa kwabantu abangekho mthethweni abangekho mthethweni kunye nempembelelo yabo ekukhethweni kwabachopheli-chopheli-choirs, ezi nkqubo zijolise ekunciphiseni impembelelo yekhethe elifihlakeleyo kwi-voir ekhwankqisayo nasekusebenziseni iingxaki zokuzicingela. Ngoxa ukusebenza kwalo qeqesho kusafundwa, kubonisa ukuzibophelela okukhulayo kokusesikweni nokungagwebi kwinkqubo esemthethweni.

Iingxaki Neengxubakaxaka Ekukhetheni Imali

Phezu kwako nje ukubaluleka kwayo, inkqubo yokukhetha abachopheli-tyala ayinabagxeki kunye neempikiswano. Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo ezizingisileyo kukungamelani kwamaqela athile abemi kumaqula abachopheli. Uphando lubonise ukuba abemi abamnyama, ababhilabhile, ababhinqileyo, nabafumana imali ephantsi abanakufakwa kuludwe oluvela kwimithombo yabachopheli-jaji kwaye basenokugwetyelwa ekusebenzeni ngenxa yezizathu ezinzima. Oku kunqongophala kokwahluka-hlukeneyo kungakuthoba igunya lemi egwebayo, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezibandakanya uhlanga okanye imeko yezentlalo.

Olunye ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo lukwanda komkhethe ocacileyo phakathi kwejaji. Kwanabagwebi abazimiseleyo basenokucinga ngezinto ezingekho zingqondweni ezichaphazela indlela ababujonga ngayo ubungqina, bavavanya ukunyaniseka, baze benze izigqibo. Ngoxa i-voir eyingozi yenzelwe ukutyhila ikhethe, ucalucalulo olucacileyo lusebenza ngaphantsi komgangatho wolwazi oluphaphileyo kwaye lusenokungatyhileki ngokuphanda. Le nto ibangela ukuba abanye abaphengululi abasemthethweni bameme utshintsho kwindlela ezinyulwa ngayo nezifundiswa ngayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemingeni enzima kusengumbandela wengxoxo. Ngelixesha ezi zicelo zinika amagqwetha ubhetyebhetye ukubumba inkundla yabachopheli-tyala, zikwasetyenziswa njengezixhobo zocalulo. [[FLT: 0]] Isakhiwo sifuna i-atson esesikweni yokulwa, kodwa ekuqheliseni, kunokuba nzima ukungqina injongo yokukhupha ityala. Amanye amagunya aye ashukunyiselwa ukulinganisela okanye ukuphelisa iingxaki zokuzikhulula, ephikisa ukuba iingozi zokuxhatshazwa zingaphezulu kweengenelo.

Uluvo lukawonke-wonke lwenkqubo yokukhetha abachopheli-tyala lunokuba yingxaki. Amatyala aphezulu eprofile asoloko ebangela uphando olunzulu lwe-theminali, kwaye inkqubo yokukhetha inkundla yetyala ingaba libali leendaba ngalayo. Le ngqwalasela ingenza uxinzelelo kumalungu ejaji kunye nabagwebi abanokuba negalelo ngokufanayo, abanokuba nempembelelo kwiziphumo zokhetho. Iinkundla kufuneka zilungelelanise ilungelo likawonke-wonke ukwazi ngemfuneko yokukhusela ingqibelelo yokuvavanywa.

Ekugqibeleni, indyikitya yokufa ye-COVID-19 enyanzelekile ukuba iinkundla ziphinde zicinge ngeenkalo ezininzi zenkonzo yabachopheli-tyala, kuquka indlela yokuhlanganisa ngokukhuselekileyo amaqela amakhulu abantu. Ezinye iinkundla zavavanya amatyala ayingozi akwindawo ekude, aqhutywa ngevidiyo enikezelwayo, ngoxa amanye amatyala arhoxisiweyo ejaji anokukhokelela kutshintsho oluhlala luhleli kwindlela oluqhutywa ngayo ukhetho lwabachopheli-tyala, ingakumbi kumatyala angabandakanyeki ezona zityholo zinzima.

Amacebiso Asebenzisekayo Kubantu Abasenokuba Ngabasebenzi

Ukufumana izicelo zejaji kungayiphazamisa, kodwa ukuqonda le nkqubo kunokwenza amava angasoyiki. Nanga amacebiso aluncedo aqela kubemi ababizelwa kwinkonzo yokuchophela amatyala:

  • [[FLT: 0] Imposiso ngokukhawuleza. Imiyalelo iquka imiyalelo yokuqinisekisa ukuba uyaya, ucela i-deval, okanye ucela ukuba ukhululwe. Ukungahoyi ukubizwa kungaphumela kwintlawulo okanye kwanesiqinisekiso sokubanjwa kwakho kwezinye iindawo.
  • Thembeka ngexesha lobungozi. Inkqubo yokukhetha abachopheli-tyala ixhomekeke ekunyaniseni kwabasenokuba ngabachopheli-mthetho. Ukuba uneemkhethe okanye amava anokuchaphazela umgwebo wakho, wazise. Awuzukufumana isigwebo ngenxa yokunyaniseka, kwaye ijaji iyakukuthethelela ukuba iimeko zakho ziyakuvumela.
  • Lungiselela usuku lwenkonzo. Zisa incwadi, i-laptop, okanye eminye imisebenzi ezolileyo, njengoko ungachitha iiyure eziliqela ulindile. Nxiba kakuhle kodwa ngentlonelo, njengoko usenkundleni.
  • I- Ngaphantsi kweMiphantsi kweMithetho yokuba inkonzo yabachopheli-tyala ngumsebenzi wentlalo-ntle. Ilungelo lokuchophela amatyala lisekhonkile yedemokhrasi yaseMelika, kwaye inxaxheba yakho inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba eli lungelo lihlala linentsingiselo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Buza imibuzo ukuba akuqinisekanga ngayo nayiphi na into. abasebenzi basenkundleni kunye nabagwebi baqhele ukunceda abagwebi. Ukuba awuwuqondi umbuzo okanye umyalelo, cela ucacise.

Ukubaluleka Okuninzi Kokhetho Lobugwala

Inkqubo yokukhetha abachopheli-tyala ingaphezulu kakhulu kunenkqubo yokuqalisa ityala. Kukubonakaliswa okuphilayo komgaqo-nkqubo wedemokhrasi ukuba abemi abaqhelekileyo banelungelo lokuba nenxaxheba kulawulo lobulungisa. Ngokukhonza kwiqumrhu labachopheli-tyala, abemi basebenzisa amandla ngokuthe ngqo, ukubumba iziphumo zamatyala ezichaphazela ubomi babantu kunye nabantu ngokubanzi.

Inkqubo yokukhetha abachopheli-tyala ephuculwe kakuhle iqinisa ukuthemba uluntu kwinkqubo esemthethweni. Xa abemi bebona ukuba amatyala akhethwe kakuhle, ikhethelo luyajongwa, kwaye le nkqubo icace, banokuvuma izigwebo zabachopheli-tyala njengezisemthethweni. Ngokuchasene noko, xa inkqubo ithathwa njengexhotyisiweyo, njenge-discrinario, okanye ngokungekho mthethweni, ukuthemba kwinkqubo yonke yokulawula.

Inkqubo yokukhetha abachopheli-tyala ikwabonisa imilinganiselo ebanzi yezentlalo emalunga nokusesikweni, ukulingana, nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezentlalo. Njengoko i-United States isiya yahlukahluka kwaye iqonda ukuba ikhetheka kwale nkqubo iqhubeka isanda, iindlela ezisetyenziswa ekukhetheni amajaji kufuneka ziqhubeke ziguquka. IiNkundla, amagqwetha, kunye nabenzi bomthetho kufuneka bahlale bephaphile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo iphila ngokuvisisana neemfuno zayo zomgaqo-siseko.

Kubantu abanolwazi olungokwasemthethweni, ukuqonda intsingiselo yokukhetha abachopheli-tyala bubuchule obubalulekileyo. Ubuchule bokufunda abachopheli bejaji, ukubuza imibuzo ephumelelayo, nokusebenzisa imingeni ngobulumko kungenza umahluko phakathi kwesigqibo esilungileyo nesodanisayo. Ubuchule bokwenza izinto ezimanyumnyezi abufuni nje ukwazi umthetho kuphela kodwa kwanovelwano, ithuku, nokucinga ngendlela elungeleleneyo.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo yokukhetha abachopheli-tyala ligumbi lenkqubo yomthetho waseMerika, iguqula ngokungaqhelekanga abemi abakhethiweyo babe ngabenzi besigqibo abanamandla okumisela ityala, ukubucala okanye ityala. Ukusuka kwizicelo zokuqala ukuya kwilungu lokugqibela, iqonga ngalinye lenkqubo lenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abachopheli-tyala balungile, abangakhethi cala, nabameli bengingqi.

Ukuqonda indlela abemi bejaji ababa yiyo idele ngayo inkqubo yezomthetho kwaye kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuba nenxaxheba kwezenkundla. Kubantu abanokuba ngabachopheli-mthetho, amava okusebenza kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala anokubafundisa, abanike amandla, yaye abe nentsingiselo enzulu.

Njengoko ubugcisa, inani labemi, kunye nesimo sengqondo soluntu siqhubeka siguquka, inkqubo yokukhetha abachopheli-tyala izakuqhelaniswa ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Kodwa injongo yayo esisiseko .ukuhlanganisa iqela labemi abangakhethi buso ukuze benze isigqibo esisesikweni, iza kuhlala ibalulekile njengangaphambili. Xa ufumana izicelo zejaji, unokuba neqhayiya ngokwazi ukuba ububizelwe ukuba ube nenxaxheba kweli qumrhu ledemokhrasi lihlala lihleli.