Isizathu Sokuba Indlela Oncokola Ngayo Ibaluleke Ngaphezu Kwendlela Ocinga Ngayo

Liyenye yamalungelo asisiseko kuyo nayiphi na idemokhrasi. Eli nqaku lihlola isizathu sokuba ukuvota kubaluleke, ukuba ivoti ibaluleke kangakanani, nokuba yiyiphi into emele ilandelwe.

Isixokelelwano sedemokhrasi sixhomekeke ekumanyaniseni ngokusebenza kwabemi babo. Ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka ngokubanzi, oorhulumente basengozini yokufumana inxaxheba encinane yabemi. Isenzo sokuvota simela kuphela ibhulorho yomsantsa phakathi kwabalawuli nabo balawulayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba loo nkqubo kawonke-wonke ibonisa iimfuno neminqweno yabantu. EUnited States, umvoti uguqukile ngokwembali, ngonyulo lomongameli unyuka ngokuthabatha inxaxheba ngaphezulu kunokhetho lwaphakathi okanye lwasekuhlaleni. Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba imicimbi yokuvota kunye nendlela yokuphelisa imiqobo yokubandakanyela kubaluleke empilweni yayo nayiphi na idemokhrasi.

Amandla Omculo Wakho

Uvotelo lwakho lilizwi lakho. Ngasihlandlo ngasinye uvota ibhola, wenza inkcazelo ecacileyo ngemibandela ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Ukunika amandla abantu ukuba bathabathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi kwaye, ngokulinganayo, bagcine amagosa anyuliweyo ephendulwe ngezenzo zabo ngoxa beseofisini. Xa abemi bevota ngamanani amakhulu, abezobupolitika banikela ingqalelo. Banikela imigaqo-nkqubo yezobugcisa ebhenela kunyulo, inkxalabo yoxinzelelo, kwaye basebenzele ukuphucula ubomi babo.

  • Yonke ivoti ithetha ngenene imicimbi: Unyulo kumgangatho ngamnye — ukusuka kwimida yeklasi yesikolo ukuya kukhuphiswano lomongameli — lungagqitywa ngemida emincinane kakhulu. Ngo 2000, unyulo lomongameli lwagqitywa ngokunempumelelo ngabavoti abangama-37 eFlorida. Ngo-2020, imibutho emininzi yakhethwa ngabavoti abangaphantsi kwewaka. Uvotelo lwakho olunye lungaba ngumahluko phakathi koloyiso noloyiso.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukuvota ngumsebenzi wentlalo-ntle: Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kunyulo luxanduva olungundoqo lobumi. Imisebenzi yedemokhrasi ingcono xa ucandelwana olubanzi lwabemi lubandakanyeka kwinkqubo. Xa amanani amakhulu abavoti abafanelekileyo ehlala ekhaya, urhulumente ophumezayo akamelani nokuthanda kwabantu.
  • Imicimbi yokwabelana : Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimbono ezahlukeneyo ziqwalaselwa kurhulumente. Xa uluntu oluneenjongo ezahlukeneyo okanye imvelaphi eyahlukeneyo ngokungaguqukiyo, inkxalabo yalo iba yeyona iphambili kumagosa anyuliweyo. Phantsi kokujika phakathi kwalo naliphi na iqela labemi kuthetha ukuba uxatyolo lweqela lufumana ingqwalasela encinane kubenzi benkqubo.
  • Impembelelo yento ephantsi yebhola ephantsi. Ngelixesha unyulo lomongameli luthatha eyona ngqwalasela, urhulumente kunye nonyulo lwasekuhlaleni lunempembelelo engqalileyo kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ezi ntlanga zimisela inkxaso-mali yesikolo, irhafu yasekuhlaleni, uqingqo-mali lwesebe loluntu, amapolisa kunye nesebe lomlilo, imithetho yokuhlanganisa, kunye nezinye imigaqo-nkqubo ezingenakubalwa

Imbali Yamalungelo Okuthetha Ngeentlanga

Ilungelo lokuvota lazivelela ngokuphawulekayo kuyo yonke imbali yaseMerika. Langenwanga jikelele ukususela ekusungulweni kwesizwe — kunoko, liye lanwetshwa kumashumi eminyaka eenkqubo, umthetho, kunye nokutshintshwa komGaqo-siseko. Umzabalazo wokuvota ubalaselisa uhambo oluqhubekayo lokulingana nomelo olupheleleyo lwabo bonke abemi.

Ekusungulweni kwe-United States, ukuvota kwakuyekwa kakhulu kumadoda amhlophe aphethe impahla. Abafazi, abantu bemibala engafaniyo nabo bangenampahla bakhutshwa kwinani eliphantsi kwemida. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezalandelayo, izizukulwana zabalandeli zalwa ukuze zandise ilungelo lokuvota, ngokufuthi zijongene nenkcaso enogonyamelo kunye nemiqobo esemthethweni. Ukuqonda le mbali kubalulekile ukuze ziqonde ixabiso lomxhasi namhlanje.

Iziganeko Ezibalulekileyo Ekunikeni Abanye Ilungelo

  • 15th Amendmentment (1870)[FLT: 1]: Ukukhuliswa emva kwemfazwe yamakhaya, le nguquko yanikwa amadoda ase-Melika ilungelo lokuvota. Noko ke, kungathatha phantse inkulungwane yomzamo owongezelelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba eli lungelo linyanzeliswe ngokunempumelelo kwilizwe lonke. Amazwe aseMazantsi asebenzisa iirhafu zonyulo, iimvavanyo zokufunda nokubhala, kunye namanye amanyathelo okukhupha idiski e-CD ukunciphisa iBlackvota.
  • yango1919th Amendment (1920): Emva kwamashumi eminyaka entshukumo yokuzilolonga yamabhinqa, oku kulungiswa kwanika amabhinqa ilungelo lokuvota. Uloyiso lwaba ngumphumo wokunganikezeli kokulungelelaniswa kweenkokeli ezifana noSusan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, kunye nabanye abangenakubalwa kangangamashumi eminyaka.
  • UMthetho wamaLungelo oMgaqo-nkqubo (1965): Lo mthetho wesizwe walwalela ucalucalulo lobuhlanga kwimisebenzi yokuvota. Yasusa imiqobo emininzi eyayithintele umvoti omnyama egabeni eMazantsi, kuquka iimvavanyo zokufunda nokubhala phantsi, kuquka nezinye iimfuno zobuhlanga. Esi senzo sasiyimpendulo engqalileyo kumbutho wamalungelo abantu kunye nonyanzelo olunogonyamelo lwabavukeli abanoxolo e-Selma, e-Alabama.
  • UHlaliso lwama-261 (1971]]: Oku kuguqula kwanciphisa umlinganiselo wovotelo ukuya ku 18, kuqonda ukuba ukuba abantu abaselula babebadala ngokwaneleyo ukuba bafumaneke kwinkonzo yasemkhosini, babebadala ngokwaneleyo ukuba bavote. Kwagunyaziswa ngexesha elibhaliweyo, okubonisa imeko yezobupolitika yexesha lemfazwe yaseVietnam.

Ezi ziganeko ziphambili zibonisa uhambo oluqhubekayo oluya kwidemokhrasi equka zonke izikhundla. Ulwandiso ngalunye lwedemokhrasi olufuna ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo, amadabi angokwasemthethweni, kunye nokuthanda kwezobupolitika. Umlo wamalungelo okuvota usaqhubeka namhlanje, njengoko imiqobo emitsha ivela kwaye imiqobo emidala iphinda ivele ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Izithintelo Zokwabelana Ngentabalala

Phezu kwayo nje inkqubela ebalulekileyo kule nkulungwane idlulileyo, imiqobo emininzi isathintela abemi abafanelekileyo ekuvoteni. Ukuqonda le miqobo kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni iinguqulelo ezinenjongo nasekuqinisekiseni ukuba ilizwi ngalinye liyaviwa. Eminye imiqobo iyakhiwa, ngoxa eminye isekelwe kwimiqobo yenkcazelo okanye kucelomngeni lokusebenza.

  • Imithetho yokwahlula : Amazwe amaninzi aye aphumeza iimfuno ezingqongqo ze-ID zovoti ezigunyazisa iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuzichaza ukuphosa ibhola. Ngoxa le mithetho isoloko igwetyelwa njengemilinganiselo yokukhusela ukuqhatha, uphando lubonisa ukuba umvoti unqabile kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le mithetho ichaphazela ingeniso esezantsi, abemi abakhulileyo, nabantu abanombala — amaqela angenakufumana kwaziswa okufunekayo.
  • i-Access ekunyulweni kweendawo: Indawo, iiyure, kunye nokufumaneka kwendawo yokuvota kungachaphazela kakhulu ukuvela. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amanye amagunya aye avalela iindawo zokuvotelwa kwimimandla ethile, enyanzelisa abavoti ukuba bahambe imigama emide. Linde ixesha, ukulinda ixesha elifutshane, ukupaka, kunye nezakhiwo ezingafikelelekiyo kubantu abaneziphene zonke iintshukumo.
  • Amaqhinga okucinezela amaVoteler: Ezinye iindlela zisetyenziswa ngabom ukudimaza inani elithile labemi ekuvoteni. Ezi zingaquka ukukhupha iiroli ezithile zovota, ukunciphisa amaxesha okuvota kwangethuba, ukulinganisela ukufikelela kweposi engaphakathi, kunye nokusasaza iimpazamo malunga neenkqubo zokuvota. IBrennan Center yeJaji ibhale phantsi iimeko ezininzi zobuqhinga obunje ngaphaya kwe-United States.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukungavumelani kobunyani: Kumaphondo amaninzi, abantu abanobuqhetseba baphulukana nelungelo lokuvota, nasemva kokugqiba izivakalisi zabo. Oku kuchaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto ibala kwaye kunefuthe elikhulu kukhetho jikelele. Amanye amazwe aqalile ukuguqula le mithetho, kodwa umba uyaqhubeka unempikiswano.
  • Umsebenzi kunye nezibophelelo zentsapho: Abavoti abaninzi abafanelekileyo abanakuthatha ixesha lokusebenza okanye bacwangcise ukukhathalela abantwana ukuvota ngoSuku Lokhetho. Ngelixesha amazwe amaninzi enikela uvotelo lwangaphambili okanye ii-posi kwi-odooti, asizizo zonke ezinika ukufikelela okwaneleyo kwezi ndlela zinokusetyenziswa.

Impembelelo Yokusebenzisa Ubuchule Nobomi Bemihla Ngemihla

Ukuncoma kunempembelelo enzulu nengenakulinganiswa kwibutho labantu. Kubumba iinkqubo, kuphembelela ukhokelo, kwaye kumisela ulwalathiso lwengingqi, amazwe, kunye nohlanga. Unxulumano phakathi kovotelo neziphumo zenkqubo lungqale: amagosa anyuliweyo asabela kwiinkalo eziphambili zabo bazivotelayo.

Uphando oluqhubekayo lubonisa ukuba abenzi bemithetho banikela ingqalelo engakumbi kwinkxalabo yabavoti abasebenzayo kunabangengovoti. Oku kwenza isiqinisekiso sotyikityo apho uluntu olunezikhundla eziphezulu lufumana ulawulo oluphendulayo oluninzi, ngelixesha abo bahamba kancinci bebona iimfuno zabo zityeshelwa. Ukuqonda lento inamandla kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuba kutheni imicimbi nganye yokuvota.

Umgaqo-nkqubo woncedo nowonyango

Xa abemi bevota, baphembelela ngokuthe ngqo iinkqubo zokunyamekela impilo ezichaphazela ukufikelela nokuphumelela kwezigidi zabantu. Unyulo lubonisa enoba amazwe ayandisa iMedicaid, indlela iimarike ze-inshorensi ezilawulwa ngayo, kunye nezinto eziphambili zempilo zikawonke-wonke ezifumana inkxaso-mali. Ingxoxo eqhubekayo engoMthetho we-Affordable Care Care Act, i-application yamayeza agunyazisiweyo, kunye nonyuso lweMedicasus lwesiseko sonyulo. Abathathi bemiqathango yempilo bangenza amazwi abo baxhase iimbono zabo.

Ukurhweba Nemfundo

Inkxaso-mali yemfundo kunye nenkqubo yemfundo iphenjelelwa kakhulu lunyulo naluphi na umgangatho. Unyulo lwequmrhu lesikolo lwendawo lumisela imigangatho yemfundo, imivuzo yokufundisa, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lwezikolo. Iinkqubo zemfundo zemfundo ezikwimigangatho yomgangatho karhulumente, imimiselo yemfundo yemfundo yekomputha, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlawula ezinokufumaneka ekholejini. Unyulo-ntle luphembelela imigaqo-mali yomfundi, ukunyanzelelwa kwamalungelo abantu ezikolweni, kunye nenkxaso-mali ekhethekileyo yemfundo. INhlangano yemfundo yeSikolo seSikolo seSizwe inika abavotiyo inkxaso yokhetho ukuze baqonde indlela ukhetho lwabo oluchaphazele ngayo inkqubo yemfundo.

Inkqubo yorhwebo neyobume

Imimiselo yokusingqongileyo, iinguqulelo zemozulu, kunye nokulondolozwa kwemali zonke zixhomekeke kwiziphumo zonyulo. Abasebenzi basemkhosini bangaxhasa ukuhlaziywa komoya ococekileyo kunye namanzi, ukugcinwa kwamandla okutsha, kunye namazwe kawonke-wonke ngokuvota kwabo. Amagunya asekuhlaleni amisela indlela amagosa avote ngayo kwimibandela yemeko-bume, anika abavoti ulwazi lokwenza ukhetho olunolwazi.

Umgaqo-nkqubo woMsebenzi wezeNtlalo

Irhafu, imithetho yemivuzo encinane, inkqubo yorhwebo, kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko loluntu zonke zibunjwe yiziphumo zonyulo. Abasebenzi ababeka imicimbi yezoqoqosho kwindawo yokuqala bangabaxhasa abo baxhasa indlela abakhetha ngayo ukuyisebenzisa kwindalo yomsebenzi, ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi, kunye nokwanda kwezoqoqosho. Unxulumano phakathi kokuvota neziphumo zezoqoqosho yenye yezona ziphumo ezithe ngqo nezinokuthelekelelwa zokuthabatha inxaxheba ekukhetheni.

Ukuvuleka kwenqanawa nokubaluleka kwayo

Lorterpout — ipesenti yabemi abafanelekeleyo abafaka ivoti — iyahluka ngokuphawulekayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyulo namaqela asekuhlaleni. Ukuqonda ezi ndlela kubalulekile ukuze kubonwe apho kufuneka inkqubela khona nesizathu sokuba abanye abantu besoloko bethetha phantsi kwedemokhrasi.

EUnited States, umvoti uvulela unyulo oluqhelekileyo olusuka kuma-50% ukuya kuma-65% abavoti abafanelekileyo. Unyulo lweMidterm, olumisela ulawulo lweBhunga kunye noorhulumente abaninzi, ludla ngokubona unyulo lwendawo phakathi kwama-40% nama-50%. Unyulo lwendawo, olunempembelelo ecacileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ngokufuthi lubona ukujika ngezantsi kwama-25%. Oku kuthetha ukuba kumazwe amaninzi, izigqibo ezimalunga nezikolo, iPhondo, kunye nerhafuthelo yasekuhlaleni zenziwe liqhezuzwa liqhekezantswana elincinane lomntu ofanele ukuvota.

Ukuvota kwahluka kakhulu ngokweqela lamanani abantu. Abemi abadala bavota ngexabiso eliphezulu kunabancinane. Abantu abafumana imali ephezulu badla ngokuvota kunabo banengeniso ephantsi. Abavoti abamhlophe bavela ngexabiso eliphezulu kuneBlack, iSpaniki, okanye ivoti yase-Asia. Ezi zinto zithetha ukuba amanye amazwi athwele ubunzima obukhulu kakhulu kwinkqubo yezobupolitika kunabanye, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani babemi.

Ukuthetha ngezahlukano ezikhoyo kufuna imigudu ejoliswe ekususeni imiqobo nokubandakanyeka kuluntu olungaphantsi kolwabantu. Uphando oluvela kwi-Bureau ye-U.S. lubonisa rhoqo ukuba ezona zizathu ziqhelekileyo zokungavoti ziquka ukungacwangcisi iingxwabangxwaba, ukungabi namdla, kunye nemibandela yokubhalisa. Ukuthetha ngenye yezi miqobo kunganceda ukwakha unyulo olungakumbi lwabameli.

Ubandakanyeko Olukhuthazayo Lwemibimbi

Ukukhuthaza ukuganana kwabantu kubaluleke kakhulu kwidemokhrasi esempilweni nesebenzayo. Xa abemi bexelelwa ngenkqubo yokuvota yaye beqonda isizathu sokuba bathabathe inxaxheba, basenokufaka ivoti. Ukwakha isithethe sokuthabatha inxaxheba kufuna umgudu kubantu ngabanye, kwimibutho nakumaziko ngamanye amaqondo.

  • Imfundo ye-pic kwizikolo: izikolo zinendima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni abafundi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi. Imfundo yezentlalo-ntle kufuneka igubungele amalungelo okuvota, inkqubo yokuvota, indlela urhulumente asebenza ngayo, nembali yemfazwe yedemokhrasi. Abafundi abafunda ngokuvota esikolweni basengozini kakhulu yokuvota njengabantu abakhulu.
  • I-commonity ekhuphayo kunye nobhaliso lwevoti: Intlangano ezifana noManyano lwaMasipala, i-Rock the Vote, kunye namaqela oluntu asekuhlaleni asebenza ukubhalisa abavoti kwaye anike ulwazi malunga nonyulo oluzayo. Le migudu ibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kuluntu oluneemeko eziphantsi ngokwembali okanye imiqobo ebalulekileyo ekubhaliseni.
  • [[NTLA] Ingxubusho ezi-kuvota: Ukuncokola ngemibandela yokuvota neyangoku kungashukumisela abanye ukuba babe nenxaxheba. Xa abahlobo, amalungu entsapho, kunye nabantu abasebenza nabo bexubusha ngonyulo kwaye bebelana ngenkcazelo ephathelele iinkqubo zokuvota, kukwenza kube yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nenxaxheba kwaye kunciphise imiqobo ekugananeni.
  • Indawo yokusebenza nomqeshi uxhasa: Abaqeshi bangaxhasa ukuvota ngokunika ixesha lokuphumla ngoSuku lokhetho, ngokunika ulwazi ngokubhalisa nokuvota kwasekuqaleni, kunye nokudala impucuko yomsebenzi exabisa inxaxheba yoluntu. Ezinye iinkampani ziye zasebenzisa iinkqubo ezenza kube lula ngabasebenzi ukuvota ngaphandle kokuncama intlawulo.
  • Ukunciphisa imiqobo ebhaliweyo : Inkxaso elula ingenza umahluko omkhulu. Ukunikezela ngenqwelo-moya kwindawo zokuvota, ukunikezela ngobuchule bomntwana ngexesha lokuvota, kunye nokunceda abanye basebenzise iimfuno zokubhalisa ziyindlela eziqinileyo zokunyusa ubhaqo-bhaqo kuluntu lwakho.

Indima Yobugcisa Kumsebenzi Wanamhlanje

Ubugcisa buye baguqula iinkalo ezininzi zobomi banamhlanje, yaye ukuvota akuhlukile. Ukubhalisa i-intanethi kwiimatshini zokuvota, inkqubela yobugcisa inokwenza ukuvota kufikeleleke kwaye kuphumelele. Kodwa ke, ezi zixhobo zinye ziphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekileyo ngokhuseleko, ukuzifihla nokungafihlisani.

Ubhaliso lwangaphakathi lomvoti lumkelwe ngumazwe amaninzi, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ngabemi ukubhalisa okanye ukuhlaziya ulwazi lwabo ngaphandle kokutyelela iofisi karhulumente. Oku kubonisiwe ukwandisa isantya sokubhalisa, ingakumbi phakathi kwabavoti abaselula abanoxolo ngezixhobo zamanani. Noko ke, asingawo onke amazwe anikela ubhaliso kwi-intanethi, kwaye unikezelo lwe-Internet alulingani nakunye uluntu olwahlukeneyo.

Oomatshini bokuvota ngekhompyutha bathathe indawo yephepha elinoshicilelo kwiindawo ezininzi, benika abavoti ukubala nokucacisa imidibaniso ekhawulezileyo. Noko ke, ukuxhalatyiswa kukuqhekeza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-software kuye kwakhokelela iingcali ezininzi ekukhuthazeni iinkqubo ezivelisa umzila wamaphepha onokuphindwa. Ingxoxo phakathi koncedo nokhuseleko iyaqhubeka ibumba inkqubo yobugcisa bokuvota.

Uvota lweposi kunye nokuvota okungekhoyo kuye kwakhula ngokuphawulekayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingakumbi ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19. Ezi ndlela zinika abavoti abangakwaziyo ukufikelela kwiindawo zokuvota ngoMhla wokhetho. Noko ke, bakwafuna uncedo oluthembekileyo lweposi kunye nengqalelo yononophelo kwiixesha elimisiweyo kunye neenkqubo. Amazwe aye athatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvota, ezinye zikwenza kubekhona ngokubanzi kunye nemiqathango yokufikelela.

IBrennan Center for Justice inikela uphando olunzulu ngobugcisa bokuvota nokhuseleko, icebisa ukuba kubekho ukulungelelanisa ukufumaneka nokuthembeka. Njengoko ubugcisa buqhubeka buguquka, kuqinisekiswe ukuba bonke abemi banokuvota ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kufuneka bahlale bephambili.

Isiphelo: Yenza Ilizwi Lakho Libe Loxabiso Kukhetho Lonke

Ukungxolisa akulolungelo nje kuphela — sisixhobo esinamandla sokubumba ikamva loluntu lwakho, urhulumente wakho, kunye nohlanga lwakho. Lonke unyulo lunika ithuba lokwenza ilizwi lakho liviwe lize liphembelele ulwalathiso lwenkqubo kawonke wonke. Ngokuthabatha inxaxheba kunyulo ngalunye, unegalelo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi yaye uqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente ubonisa ukuthanda kwabantu.

Imingeni ejongene nedemokhrasi yaseMerika yeyokwenene, isuka kwimigudu yokucinezela abavoti yokuphelisa ukuthembana kwamaziko. Kodwa isicombululo sale mingeni sixhomekeke ekuthabatheni inxaxheba engakumbi, hayi ngaphantsi. Xa abemi abaninzi bevota, idemokhrasi iyasabela ngakumbi, i-demokhrasi iyaba ngummeli ongakumbi, kwaye inyamezela ngakumbi. ivoti nganye ijoliswe kurhulumente osebenza ngokwenene kubo bonke abantu bayo.

[[FLT: 0] Imicimbi yakho yevoti. Ibeke kunyulo ngalunye.[FLT: 1]

Inkcazelo engakumbi ngendlela yokubhalisa, fumana indawo yakho yokuvota, okanye funda ngabatsha abatsha kunye namanqaku kummandla wakho, tyelela .USA.gov's iphepha lolwazi lokuvota, iziko leJaji [[FLT]], okanye i-website ye-ofisi yonyulo karhulumente wakho.