Ubalo njengelitye leKhalarali yeMimandla yasemaphandleni

Ukubalwa kwabantu kungaphezulu kakhulu kunobuninzi obuqhelekileyo babemi; yisiseko apho kukhiwa khona amawaka ezigidi zeerandi kwiimali zikarhulumente, ukuma koorhulumente, kunye nokucwangciswa kwebutho labantu. Kubemi basemakhaya nasemaphandleni, apho abantu bambalwa kwaye iimfuno zabo zisoloko zinkulu, ukubalwa kwabantu kubaluleke kakhulu. Xa iintsapho ezikweli mimandla zingabalwanga, iziphumo zangaphandle ziphantsi kwemfundo yezonyango, iziko lezempilo elingahoywa, izakhiwo ezisemgangathweni, nelizwi elibuthathaka kakhulu kwezobupolitika. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa isizathu sokuba ukuba ukuba ukuba ukubandakanye ngokuchanileyo ukubala abantu kubaluleke kakhulu, imiqobo engaqhelekanga ijongenee, kwaye icebo elisebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu ungabalwa.

Kwiminyaka elishumi, iUnited States Census Bureau igunyazisa ukubala umntu ngamnye ohlala kweli lizwe. Le nkcazelo iqokelelwe ihlela ukusasazwa kweemali ezingaphezulu kweedola,5 ezigidi zemali karhulumente ngonyaka ukwenzela iinkqubo ezifana ne-Medicaid, iSomeral Nutrition Intection Program (SNAP), ucwangciso lwendlela, kunye nemfundo yasemakhaya iyanika imvume. Kumakhaya asemaphandleni asebenza kwiingcango zomda ezimphantsi, ukudityaniswa kwemali kungalahlekelwa yinkxaso ebalulekileyo exhasa uqoqo lasekuhlaleni nempilo kawonke wonke. Kodwa, phezu kwazo nje ezi ndawo ziphezulu, ngokweembali zasemaphandleni ziye zabonisa ukuba zincinane ngokweemali ezixekweni nakwiidolophu. Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba oku kwenzeke — kwaye kuqiniseke — kuyimfuneko — ukuxhasa uluntu olukhoyo.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa uqhagamshelwano olungqalileyo phakathi kogcino-lwazi lobalo kunye nolwabelo lovimba, izithuba ezibonisa umelo ezibangelwa kukubhalwa kwamanani aphantsi, imiqobo engaqhelekanga ejongene neentsapho ezikude, kunye nezenzo eziqinisekisiweyo zokufikelela eziye zanyusa inxaxheba kubemi abanzima. Ngesiphelo, kuza kucaca ukuba inxaxheba kubalo lwabantu asiyonkqubo nje yeqela labasebenzi kodwa sisenzo esinamandla sobucukubhede.

Indlela Ugcino-lwazi lobalo oluyiNkcitho yeNgxowa-mali yeeNkcukacha

Inkcitho yeeFomula kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Amasebe alungelelanisa uqikelelo oluthe ngqo lwabemi luxhomekeke kwimiqathango enika inkxaso-mali nenkqubo ekhoyo kumaphondo nakwimimandla. Iinkqubo ezifana ne- Ugcino-lwazi oluqhelekileyo lwenkonzo ye-, iCommunity Development Gramms [, kwaye [[FLT]4] [iiiiiiiindawo encinane] [ii-Midicawid] i-Dicropotionetic Parective Hosss[[ isebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lwabemi ukufumanisa ukuba ngendawo nganye iyamkela kangakanani. Kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, apho irhafu eninzi kunye nezoqoqosho lungadityaniswe kwi-10 leshumi leminyaka elinayibhiliyo.

Umzekelo, i- Inkqubo ye-Impration Ezasekhaya engenisa amandla (LISEAP), enceda amakhaya asemaphandleni ukuba afumane ukufudumala nokupholisa, anike imali esekelwe kumanani abantu. Ukuba ingingqi yasemaphandleni ayibalwanga, ifaneleke iintsapho zisenokujongana nobunzima obuphezulu bombane. Ngokufanayo, i- iSikolo sesizwe uBunch Program[ isebenzisa ubalo-mali olusekelwe kumanani aphezulu abantu, kwaye phantsi kwemiba inciphisa inani lezikolo ezifanelekelelo kwiinkqubo zokudla. Unxulumano phakathi kwempendulo yokubalwa komntu omnye nempilo kunye kunye nokuhlala kakuhle koluntu luyi-ndidculo oluthe ngqo kunye nolwe--asure-able.

Izakhiwo neeNkxaso zeeNkonzo kuMasipala

Imimandla yasemaphandleni isoloko ilwa nokwaluphala kwezakhiwo — iindlela, iibhulorho, inkqubo yamanzi, kunye neenkqubo ezidibeneyo zogcino-lwazi zinceda urhulumente noorhulumente bephondo ukuba bamisele imisebenzi ethile. I-Infractive Informationmentalment and Jobstys Act ka-2021, ngokomzekelo, isebenzisa inkcazelo yabemi esuka ekubaleni ngokweminyaka edlulileyo ukuqokelelwa kwabantu ukunikezela ngemali yonyuso lwendlela, ukwandisa izakhiwo zasemaphandleni, kunye nemisebenzi yamanzi acocekileyo. Xa uluntu lwasemaphandleni lubalwa phantsi, luzibeka engozini yokuhlaziswe kwezi ndawo zibalulekileyo.

Unyango lomnye ummandla obalulekileyo. Izibhedlele zasemaphandleni zisebenza ngemida ebhityileyo, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuhambela phambili iinkqubo ezifana nesixhobo se- esisetyenziswayo eSibhedlele sokufumana uluntu oluphezulu zixhomekeke kwimiqulu yabaguli esuka kugcino-lwazi lobalo. Ukungalinganiswa kungakhokelela ekuvalweni kwezibhedlele, kunyanzelisa abemi ukuba bahambe imigama emide beze kunyanyekelwe. Iinkonzo zezonyango zezamayeza, uthutho lukawonke-wonke kubantu abadala, kunye nobuncwane bempilo bengqondo bonke baxhomekeke kumanani achanileyo abantu. Ngaphandle kokuba nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo, ezi nkonzo zinokukhokelela ekuvalweni kwezibhedleleko, zinyanzekile phantsi kwe-fleging.

Ngaphezu koko, ubalo lwabantu lusetyenziswa ukuvavanya imfuneko yezindlu ezifikelelekayo kwiindawo zasemaphandleni. ISebe lezoPhuhliso loLimo-limo lase-U.S. linikezela ngemali-mboleko kunye neminikelo yezindlu, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yezoshishino. Ngokuchanekileyo lithetha ukuba zimbalwa izindlu, zimbalwa iindawo zoluntu, kwaye zimbalwa amathuba ezoqoqosho kwiintsapho zasemaphandleni.

Ukumela Izobupolitika Nengozi Yokuthula

Uhlaziyo nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Ukubalwa kwabantu kumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zingaphi izihlalo ezibekwe kwiNdlu yabameli eUnited States — inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokwahlulwa kwabemi. Amazwe afumana ukukhula kwezihlalo, ngoxa abo bahlala kwiimeko ezingekhoyo okanye abahlayo bephelelwa zihlalo. Kumazwe, kusetyenziswa ubalo-manani lokutsala imimandla yezowiso-mthetho kwiphondo nakumgangatho wasekuhlaleni. Kumazwe asemaphandleni, le nkqubo ibangela ukuba kubekho iziphumo ezikhethekileyo. Ukuba ingingqi yasemaphandleni iphantsi, ubunzima babemi bayo bunciphile, kwaye imigca yesithili isenokutsalelwa ukuze ihlulele okanye ibangele amalizwi asemaphandleni angabikho ngokwemilo. Isiphumo sincitshiselwa amandla ezobupolitika ngenxa yokuba kumele ukuba kubekho imimandla emininzi kule ndawo, njengomgaqo wezolimo, ukusebenzisa umhlaba, kunye nokunyamekela impilo yasemaphandleni.

Kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, ukubalwa kwabantu ngogcino-lwazi kuchaphazela iziphakamiso zezikhululo zesikolo, imida yephondo, kunye nolawulo lwesithili esikhethekileyo. Ingxelo ephantsi ibonisa ukuba abemi basemaphandleni banokumelwa ngamagosa angaphandle angenatyala kwiimfuno zabo ezikhethekileyo. Oku akuyonkcitho nje evakalayo — emva kokuba kubhaliswe inani lasemaphandleni kuMzantsi nase Midwest, kufunyaniswe ukuba amanani angaphantsi kakhulu kwesihlanu%, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni balahlekelwe ngokulinganayo ukumelelwa kwemithetho-ndlu yowiso-mthetho.

Impembelelo Kukhuphiswano Olumanyeneyo

Urhulumente omninzi unika inkxaso equka amanani abantu kunye nexabiso lobuhlwempu. Uluntu lwasemaphandleni lusoloko lukhuphisana nemimandla yasezidolophini ukuze lufumane imali efanayo. Xa inkcazo yokubalwa kwabantu ibala inani labemi basemaphandleni, amanani amahlwempu kuloo mimandla abonakala ephantsi, nto leyo ebenza bangabi namdla wokukhuphiswano ngenxa yemali eninzi ejoliswe kuyo. Oku kubangela umjikelo ogqwethekileyo: iindawo ezifuna uncedo kakhulu ezibonakalisiyo kwiphepha kwaye ngoko zifumana inkxaso encinane.

Ukongeza, uvavanyo loluntu lwaseMelika (ACS), oluhlaziywa rhoqo ngonyaka kwaye luxhomekeke kubalo lweminyaka edlulileyo njengesiseko salo, lunika ugcino-lwazi lwentlalo yezoqoqosho olukhokela ucwangciso lwengingqi. Ubalo oluphantsi kuqikelelo lwamanani amanani abantu aphelayo lwe-ACS kangangeminyaka ezayo, ludibanisa okungeyonto ekhoyo kuluntu lwasemaphandleni.

Izithintelo Zokuba Nenxaxheba Kwimimandla Ekude

Ukufumana I - Internet Ngokwahlula Amanani Nemida

Ngo-2020, i-Census Bureau yakhuthaza ukuphendula kwe-intanethi njengendlela yokuqala yokugqiba ukubala abantu. Noko ke, iindawo ezisemaphandleni nezisemagqagaleni zichatshazelwa ngokungenakulinganiswa lulwahluko lwamanani. NgokweKhomishini yeFederal Communications, ama-Merika angaphezu kwezigidi ezili-14 awakwazi ukungena kwi-intanethi ebanzi ye-intanethi emakhaya. Kwimimandla emininzi ekude, ukugqunywa kweeseli akunasiqinisekiso okanye akukho.

Naxa kukho i-intanethi, isenokucotha okanye ibiza imali eninzi, isenokudimaza ukugqitywa kokubala abantu. Ukufumaneka kwezixhobo kukwangumqobo — asiyomizi yonke enayo icell phone, itablet, okanye ikhompyutha. Kubemi abadala, ukufunda nokubhala kusenokuba phantsi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba i-intanethi ibonakale isoyikisa okanye idida. Ukutshintshela kwi-adigic-email kuqala kwabangela ukuba abantu basemaphandleni bathathe inxaxheba nto leyo ekufuneka bayenze kwii-eperson kunye nakwii-posi, nto leyo ezathi bona bajongene nemiqobo enzima ngexesha lobhubhani.

Imiqobo Yejiyografi Neyobuchule

Imimandla yasemaphandleni mikhulu kwaye yasasazwa. Izibalo, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zi-colors, zingunoxanduva lwezindlu ezityeleleyo ezingathathi mpendulo ngeposi, ngefowuni, okanye nge-intanethi. Kwimimandla ekude, abadweli-manani bangafuna ukuhamba imigama emide kwiindlela ezingalungiswanga, ngokufuthi kwiimeko zemozulu ezinzima. Ixabiso nexesha elifunekayo ukufikelela indlu nganye liphezulu kakhulu kunemimandla esedolophini. Ngenxa yoko, ukutyelela okulandelayo akucothanga, kwaye eminye imizi ayifiki.

Ngaphezu koko, iidilesi ezininzi zasemaphandleni azikho zidilesi eziqhelekileyo zezitrato okanye zisendleleni yabucala, nto leyo ekwenza kube nzima ngabadweli ukuba bazifumane. Ukuthunyelwa kweposi kusenokuba yi-P.O. Box kunokuba yidilesi ephathekayo, ibangela ukuba kube nzima ukuthunyelwa kweentlobo zobalo. Le mibandela ithetha ukuba abemi basemaphandleni basenokuphoswa kubalo lwabantu, kwanaxa befuna ukuba nenxaxheba.

Iilwimi, Ukufunda Nokuthembana

Amakhaya ase-United States ahlala abantu abaphambukeleyo, abasebenzi basefama kunye neentsapho zabo. Abaninzi kwaba bahlali bathetha iilwimi ezingezizo isiNgesi, kwaye izixhobo zokubala abantu zisenokungafumaneki ngolwimi lwabo oluphambili. Kwanaxa kukho iinguqulelo, imigangatho yokubhala nokubhala isenokubangela ingxaki. Ukoyika ukuqokelelwa kwe-data karhulumente yenye into enkulu, ingakumbi kubantu abangabhalwanga okanye amakhaya akwimiqamelo exubeneyo. Nangona kukho ukhuseleko olusemthethweni oluthintela i-Censure Bureaunity ukuba ingabelani nomthetho, ukoyika ukugxothwa okanye iziphumo ezisemthethweni kusenokuthintela ukubandakanyelwa.

Kuluntu lwamaMelika namaNative aseAlaska, intlekele engokwembali nokungathembani kwamaziko karhulumente kubangela imiqobo eyongezelelekileyo. Amazwe amaninzi esizwe ahlulahlulwa njengemiqobo enzima, enamanani angaphantsi kakhulu komlinganiselo wesizwe. Ukukwazi ukufikelela kwenkcubeko, ukufikelela kolwimi, kunye nokungena kwintsebenziswano entlalweni kubalulekile ukuze kwakhiwe ukuthembana nokuthabatha inxaxheba.

Ubuchule Obusebenzayo: Ukukhuthazwa kobalo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nezikude

Umanyano Lwasekuhlaleni Nabathunywa Abathenjiweyo

Enye yezona ndlela ziphumelelayo zokuphucula inxaxheba ekubaleleni abantu kukubandakanya iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni, abadala besizwe, nemibutho yasekuhlaleni njengabathunywa abathembekileyo. Abantu badla ngokusabela ngakumbi xa beviwe ngumntu abamaziyo nabamthembileyo. Kunyaka wama-202020 wokubalwa kwabantu, ukusetyenziswa kweekliniki zempilo zasemaphandleni, iicawa, izikolo, kunye nentsebenziswano yezolimo zinceda ekuphapheni uloyiko. Iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni zingachaza ukubaluleka kokubala abantu, zikhuphe iintsomi, zincedise ekugqitheni loo fomu.

Kumaqela esizwe, ukusebenzisana noorhulumente besizwe kunye neenkonzo zempilo kungqinelwe kuyingozi. I-Census Bureau isebenzisa inkqubo yoku-Cubrary [[FLT: 1] esebenza ngqo kwizizwe ezibhaliswe ngurhulumente ukuze ziphuhlise ukufikelela ngokwesithethe. Xa amalungu esizwe ebandakanyekile kwinkqubo, amaqondo okuphendula ayaphucuka ngokuphawulekayo.

Unikezelo lweziqhagamshelanisi ezininzi: Urhwebo lwangaphakathi, iinethwekhi zokunxibelelana nabantu, kunye neziganeko

Iindawo zasemaphandleni zisoloko zinxulumene kakhulu namajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni — amaphephandaba, amajelo kanomathotholo, namacandelo eenkqubo zonxibelelwano. La majelo kanomathotholo anokuba zizixhobo ezinamandla zokukhuthaza ukubala abantu. Amaphulo kanomathotholo ngeelwimi zasekuhlaleni, amanqaku akwiiveki ezisemaphandleni, kunye nezibhengezo kwiziganeko zoluntu (njengemiboniso yengingqi nentengiso yemfuyo) anokubafikelela abantu abangakwaziyo ukufikelela kwiintengiso zesizwe. Amaqonga e-mente asekuhlaleni afana noFacebook nawo asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumaqela asekuhlaleni nakwiindawo asekuhlaleni, nto leyo ewenza aphumelele ekufumaneni izibhengezo.

Ngo-2020, iCensus Bureau yasebenzisa izibhengezo ezisemngciphekweni wamanani ezifakwe kwijiyografi ukufikelela kwiikhowudi ze-zip zasemaphandleni, kwaye imibutho yasekuhlaleni yafaka iziganeko zokubalwa kwabantu kumathala eencwadi, kwii-posi, nakwiiholo zedolophu. Ukulungiselela ukusiwa kumaziko ababalo lwabantu kwanceda ukoyisa imiqobo yoluntu. Ukuseka iQuesionnactive Alfact Kiosks[ kumashishini asekuhlaleni okanye kumaziko asekuhlaleni kwanika abemi indawo yokufumana uncedo ngekhompyutha.

Iintambo zobalo ezihambayo kunye noncedo olungaphakathi

Kwizindlu ezingenayo i-Intanethi, amaziko ababalo abahambayo aqulethe iifomu zamaphepha, imiyalelo, kunye neemvulophu zeposi ezihlawulwayo zingasasazwa ngamaqabane oluntu. Kwimimandla ekude apho ukuhanjiswa kweposi kungaguquguquki, la maqhaga anganikezelwa kwiintlanganiso zoluntu okanye ngamatsha - ntliziyo. I-Censure Bureauniers’s i-Scop / Srect indlela, apho abasebenzi behla bemibutho engafumani dilesi ephathekayo, ibalulekile ekufikeleleni amakhaya asemaphandleni.

Uncedo olufumaneka ngokusemthethweni luxabiseke kakhulu kubemi abakhulileyo nabo bangafundanga. Ukuba nomncedi oqeqeshiweyo ohamba kwimibuzo kunganciphisa iimpazamo kwaye kuqinisekise ukuba onke amalungu endlu aqukiwe. Iinqwelo-mafutha zokuphendula ezihambayo zixhotyiswe ngee-laptop kunye ne Wi-Fi shapots zingahamba ziye kwiindawo ekude, zinika zombini ukufikelela kobugcisa nenkxaso yabantu.

Iintlola Nemibutho Elandelelwayo

Ngeli xesha i-Census Bureau ingayinikeli izikhuthazo ezithe ngqo zemali ukuze ithabathe inxaxheba, eminye imibutho yasekuhlaleni iye yasebenzisa i-raffles, amakhadi ezipho, okanye amabhaso oluntu ukukhuthaza ukuphendula. Iphulo elijoliswe kwimirhumo elandela i-ephandle, kuquka unxulumano, iiposkampasi, kunye nokunkqonkqoza kweminyango, zinganyusa intsebenziswano. Kunyaka wama-202020, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Response Last Up [NRFU] [FU:1] imisebenzi esemaphandleni yaphazanyiswa yisifo esibulalayo, kodwa izifundo ezifundweyo ziye zakhokelela ekuphuculweni kocwangciso olufanelekileyo lwexesha elizayo.

Kubalo-manani lwama-2030, abameli basemaphandleni bafuna ukuba kubekho utyalo-mali olunamandla kwibala, kuquka abadweli abamiselwe kwangaphambili kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo ekuqeshweni. Ukugxininisa inzuzo eyimfihlo kunye noluntu ngokubalwa kwabantu ngokubhala imiyalezo rhoqo kunganceda ekuchaseni ukungathembani.

Intshukumo eGqityiweyo kuBalalo oluGqityiweyo

Indima yoorhulumente bengingqi ne-NGOGO

Oorhulumente basemaphandleni banokuthatha indima esebenzayo ngokwenza i-Complete Count Committee elungelelanisa imigudu yokufikelela kumaziko amaninzi kunye nemibutho. Ezi komiti zingabona imimandla enzima ukuya kumanani asekuhlaleni, zinike ubuncwane bokuthutha nokuguqulela, zize zingenise amatsha - ntliziyo kwingingqi. Ukusebenzisana nezixhobo ezingezozinzuzo ezifana nezinxulumani zezempilo zasemaphandleni, iibhanki zokutya, kunye neziseko zoluntu kuhla isigidi esine noluko lunika inkxaso.

Urhulumente ukwadlala indima ekwakwenzeni amaphulo okufikelela ngaphandle kwemali, ingakumbi kubantu besizwe nemida. Amanye amaphondo aye amisela umthetho ofuna ukuba inani labantu liqaliswe ngeelwimi ezininzi nokuba iindlela zokuphendula ezihambayo zifumaneke kwiingingqi zasemaphandleni. Inkcazelo yasekuhlaleni esuka ekubaleni abantu ingasetyenziswa ekwenzeni inkqubo esekelwe kubungqina kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo.

Imigaqo-nkqubo encomelayo kubalo lwexesha elizayo

Ukuphucula inxaxheba kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nakwezo zikude, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe iinguqu eziliqela zemigaqo-nkqubo:

  • unikezelo olubanzi: Ukuvala ulwahlulo lwamanani linyathelo elinye elichaphazela kakhulu ukwenza ulwamkelo lwe-intanethi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni.
  • Imali yokwandiswa kwemisebenzi yasemasimini: Izidweli ezininzi, izithuthi, kunye nokuqeshwa kwasekuhlaleni kuzakunceda ukufikelela kwiintsapho ezikude.
  • Iinkqubo zomanyano oluqinileyo: Imali ethembekileyo ukwenzela ukufikelela kwisizwe nasemaphandleni iqinisekisa ukuba abathunywa abathembekileyo bangasebenza unyaka wonke.
  • Imibuzo icuthe uxinzelelo lwemibuzo: Isifutshane, iindlela ezicacileyo zinciphisa ukuxhathisa nokudideka.
  • Iindlela zokuphendula ezixubileyo: Ukungagqibeki kwiphepha okanye kwiinketho zemfonomfono ukwenzela iidilesi eziphawulwe ngamandla ukufikelela kumanani.

Oku kunconyelwa, ukuba kusetyenziswa, kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba akukho butho liseleyo kwinani elilandelayo leminyaka edlulileyo.

Isiphelo: Umntu Ngamnye Uyaxabiseka

Ubalo luyithuba elipheleleyo lokuba abantu basemaphandleni nabasemaphandleni bafune ukuba nesabelo sabo esifanelekileyo semali, ukumela, kunye neenkonzo. Xa inxaxheba iphantsi, bonke abantu bayabandezeleka — kungekuphela nje unyaka, kodwa kangangeminyaka elishumi de kube lubalo olulandelayo. Imiqobo yeyokwenyani, kodwa ayinamandla. Ngokufumana ngeqhinga, ukuveliswa kwezobugcisa, ukusetyenziswa kwabezobugcisa, kunye nozibopho zokwakha ukuthembana, iintsapho nganye inokubaliswa.

Kubemi basemaphandleni, ukuvalela inani labantu basemaphandleni, kukuzimisela. Ithetha ibali loluntu: ubungakanani balo, iimfuno zalo, izinto zalo eziza kuqala. Le ngxelo ilawula izigqibo zenkqubo ukusuka eWashington ukuya kwindlu karhulumente ukuya kwisebe lephondo. Ngokuthabatha inxaxheba, amaMelika asemaphandleni aqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi lawo livakala livakala licacile. Kubenzi bemithetho nabaxhasi bomthetho, umsebenzi kukuthabatha inxaxheba lula nokukhuseleka kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Olu sukelo lubalo olupheleleyo olubonisa intlukwano kunye namandla obomi bokwenyaniso basemaphandleni. Ekupheleni, wonke umntu umele acingele oko — ngokoqobo nangokomfuziselo.

Ukufunda okungakumbi ngogcino-lwazi kunye nenkxaso-mali yasemaphandleni, jonga kwi- Census Bureau yohlalutyo lwasemaphandleni angaphantsi kwamazwe kunye ne Inkonzo yophando lwezobuxhakaxhakaxhaka kuluntu lwasemaphandleni. Ezinye izixhobo zokubala amasiko angcono afumaneka kwiphulo lokubala [[FLT:]] kunye nelonke i-CYP kunye ne[FLT]