Umlinganiselo Olawula Idemokhrasi Wokungenisa Ulwazi Oluvulekileyo

Ukufikelela koluntu kulwazi lukarhulumente akuyonto ilungele abantu abathenjiweyo; sisiseko sokwakha apho kuxhomekeke khona kwidemokhrasi. Ngaphandle kobuchule bokuhlola izenzo zikarhulumente wabo, abemi bancitshiswa kwizinto ezingasebenzi kunokuba babe ngabathathi-nxaxheba abakhutheleyo ekuzilawuleni. Kwixesha elichazwa yintabalala yolwazi nenkcazelo entsonkothileyo, imigaqo kunye nezibonelelo eziluncedo ezenza abantu bakwazi ukuvavanya ngokungqongqo. Ilungelo lokwazi ngokuthe ngqo abantu ukuba basebenzise izigqibo ezingokolwazi, bagcine amagosa kawonke exanduva, kwaye banikele ngokunentsingiselo kwintetho yezobupolitika ebumba ibutho labantu.

Oku kuyimfuneko kuntsonkothile. Ubuninzi obupheleleyo bogcino-lwazi oluveliswa ngoorhulumente bezi mini, ludityaniswe nobugcisa kunye nomthetho olawula ukukhululwa kwayo, budala amathuba kunye nemiqobo ebalulekileyo. Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa le ndawo kubalulekile ekulondolozeni impilo yamaziko edemokhrasi. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa ukubaluleka kokusekwa konikezelo lukawonke-wonke, imingeni eqhubekayo, kunye nendlela yobugcisa yale mihla enokuthi ibhunga umsantsa phakathi kwesenzo sikarhulumente kunye nokuqondana kwabemi.

Isiseko Esingoonjingalwazi Nesomthetho Selungelo Lokwazi

Imvelaphi Yokukhanya Nemfundiso YomGaqo-siseko

Umgaqo wokuba ulwazi lukarhulumente lungabantu usekelwe kakhulu kwintanda-bulumko yokukhanyiselwa. Ingcamango yentlalo kaJohn Locke i-posits yokuba abemi banikezela igunya kurhulumente onokuqonda okupheleleyo kokuba lifeza izilangazelelo zabo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uyayifeza isiphelo sesivumelwano, abemi kufuneka babe nendlela yokugcina imisebenzi yabo. Le ngcamango ifumene intetho enamandla ekusungulweni kwe-United States. UJames Mandy, osoloko ebizwa ngokuba nguYise woMgaqo-siseko, uluchaze olu nxulumano lubalulekileyo: [[FLT: 0]" uRhulumente odumileyo, ngaphandle kolwazi oluqhelekileyo, okanye iindlela zokuyifumana, kodwa yindawo ephambili ekusunguleni kwe-Farce okanye kwintlekele; okanye zombini.[FLD:1]

Lo mmiselo wentanda-bulumko umiselwe kumthetho wezizwe ngezizwe nakwimimiselo yesizwe jikelele. Inqaku 19 leSindululo esiManyeneyo samalungelo abantu likhusela ngokucacileyo ilungelo "ukufuna nokudlulisela ulwazi kunye neengcamango ngalo naliphi na ijelo logcino-lwazi nangayiphi na imida". Lo mgaqo ubumba isiseko senkululeko yolwazi IZenzo (FOIA) kumazwe angaphezu kwekhulu. Le mithetho idala imbono yokuzimela, ikhulula oorhulumente ukuba bathethelele imfihlo kunokuba bafune ukuba abemi bathethelele imfuneko yabo yokwazi.

Ulwazi Njengokuhlola Amandla

Inkcazo yolwazi ingumsebenzi osisiseko onokuthi ngawo umatshini wokushicilela nowama-wonke aphicotha amandla karhulumente. Ngaphandle kokufikelela kuqingqo-mali, kwizivumelwano, kwi-data yenzululwazi, kunye nonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi, ingcamango yokuhlola nokulinganisela iyangabonakali. Ugcino-zincwadi lolwazi olunengeniso, olubonwa ngokuba lusisiqingatha sesine sikarhulumente, luxhomekeke phantse ngokupheleleyo ekufikeleleni kwiingxelo zikawonke wonke. Ukutyhila ukunganyaniseki kwamapolisa ukuze alandele ingeniso yemali yezakhono zempempepha-mali zezeko, amandla okuhlalutya ulwazi oluqinileyo yi-injini yokuziphendulela ityala. Xa ulwazi lungagcinwa, kwanangenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko loluntu, ukuphulukana ukuvuma kwalo kwimithetho ebekwe egameni lalo. Uxandumiso wobungqina kufuneka usoloko ukho kwabo bafuna ukufihla iimfihlelo, hayi kwabo bafuna inyaniso.

Iingenelo Ezimangalisayo Zokufumana Imvume Eluqilima

Ukuncitshiswa kwentlawulo nokuncitshiswa korhwaphilizo

Ukujonga ngaphaya kwengqondo kusebenza njengesibulali-ntsholongwane esinamandla nxamnye norhwaphilizo. Iinkqubo ezisebenza kubumnyama zinika amathuba okuxhasa, ukuvaleka, kunye nokusetyenziswa kombane. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, oorhulumente abapapasha ngokuqhubekayo idata efumaneka ngokufanelekileyo, uqingqo-mali, kunye nokukhuthaza ukwenza imekobume apho kunzima khona ukufihlakala. IBhanki yehlabathi [ kunye neminye inkqubela phambili yezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe ibeka ukubonakala ngokucacileyo njengelungu elingundoqo lolawulo olulungileyo, idibanisa iziphumo eziphezulu zokubonakala ngqo ekunganyanisekini nokusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwabantu. Xa abemi bebona indlela imali echithwa ngayo, ukuthemba kukhuthazwe ngayo kwimibutho kawonke, kwanokuba abachasana neziphumo ezithile.

  • Ivula uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali: ukufikelela koluntu kuqingqo-mali lwento yomgca uvumela imibutho yoluntu ukuba iphicothe imali kunye nolwelo lolwabelo lwezibonelelo oluhambisana neemfuno zikawonke-wonke.
  • [[Ukwandiswa:0] Uvavanyo Lokwenza ngaphaya: izivumelwano zikarhulumente zokupapasha kwi-intanethi zinciphisa ubungozi bokutsala kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba imali kawonke-wonke inikwa ngokhuphiswano.
  • Imisebenzi yokubhalisa ebhaliweyo: Abangenisi abangxamise ukutyhila imisebenzi yabo neentlanganiso zabo namagosa kawonke-wonke anika umfanekiso ocacileyo wokuba ngubani ofuna ukuphembelela umthetho.

Ukukhuthaza uhlaziyo lwezoqoqosho nokubaluleka kwentlalo

Ngaphandle komsebenzi wakhe wokugada, ulwazi lukawonke-wonke luyinto edityanisiweyo yokuhlaziya izoqoqosho. Uqoqosho lwezogcino-lwazi lwangoku lwakhiwe kwii-data ezaqala njengengqokelela karhulumente. I-GPS (Indlela Yokumisa) kunye ne-data yemozulu yimizekelo ebalaseleyo. Ngokuzenza ezi data zifumaneke ngokucacileyo. Ngokuzibiza ngokuba zi-Open Data/General dollations zinezi mveliso ziphela, ukusuka kwiminxeba yenqwelo-mfom ukuya kwiizicelo ze-data ezikhoyo. Iiplani ezisebenzisa ingeniso zoluntu ukuyila izisombululo zobuntlalo, njengendlela yokukhangela iinqaba zokutya, nokuchaza iingozi zokusingqongileyo. Ixabiso le-data evulekileyo lihamba kwikhulu lezigidi zeerandidiyo ngonyaka. Oku kwenza ukuba kubekho impikiswano enamandla yokuveliswa kogcino-mali kwi-data yanamhlanje: ukubonakala akuhlawule nje kuphela; ukuvelisa uqoqo ke uqoqo lwezoqoqosho.

Izithintelo ezizinzileyo zokufikelela kulwazi olunempumelelo

Ukufihla imbali kweziko kunye nohlelo olugqithiseleyo

Ngaphandle kwesiseko somthetho sokuxhasa ukuvuleka kwamacala, impucuko enamandla yokufihla imfihlo iyaqhubeka kurhulumente abaninzi. I-ofisi yoorhulumente ikhokelela ekuqulunqeni amaxwebhu. Ulwazi lusoloko luphawulwa njengolunovelwano okanye oluyimfihlo kungengenxa yezizathu ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko lwesizwe, kodwa ukuphepha ukuphoxeka, ukungakwazi ukukhusela, okanye ukuphepha ukuxilonga koluntu. Ixabiso lale nto ifihlakeleyo liphezulu. Iyakuthoba ukuthemba, ikhuphela ukhuseleko, kwaye ivelise inkqubo apho ummiselo ongagqibekanga u "cwe" kunokuba "open"." iinkqubo zokutshintsha inkqubo yokufuna ukulingwa okungalawuleki kwemiqathango yovavanyo kuyimfuneko kodwa inyathelo elinzima. Amagosa oluntu kufuneka aqeqeshwe ukuba ukufihla ingumthetho kunye nokufihla imfihlolo ngokucokisekileyo.

Ukwahlukana kobuxhakaxhaka kunye nentlalo nezoqoqosho

Ukufikelela kumthetho akulingani nokufikelela ekusebenzeni. Uphando olubalulekileyo lukhona phakathi kokupapashwa kolwazi kunye namandla abemi okufumana, ukuqonda, kunye nokusebenzisa lona. Le yingxaki yokufikelela-kubulungisa yexesha lolwazi. IZiko lophando lwePew [[[FLT: 1] lubonisa rhoqo ukuba ukufikelela okubanzi, ukufunda ngamanani, kunye nokufumaneka kwesixhobo kuvuselelwa yingeniso, ubudala, kunye nenzululwazi yejiyolwazi.

  • [[FLT: 0] Umahluko wamanani: Ukuthembela kuphela kwizibuko zengingqi ukupapasha ugcino-lwazi ludibanisa izigidi zabantu abangenayo intlawulo ethembekileyo kwi Internet okanye abangenayo imidibaniso yamanani entsonkothileyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukufunda nokubhala ngemihlathi: Kwanabo banee-data ezifikelelekayo, ezingalungiswanga bangakhutshelwa. Iprograma yohlolo lwerhafu yempahla okanye iqondo lokwasulelwa kwempahla ye-avareji yezibhedlele ifuna ulwazi lwezibalo ukutolikwa ngokuchanekileyo. Oorhulumente banembopheleleko kungekhona ukupapasha nje ugcino-lwazi, kodwa ukuyinikela kwiifomati ezifikelelekayo ezinomo-mongo ocacileyo kunye nembonakalo.
  • IBridges zolwimi lwelwimi olubanzi: kwimibutho yeelwimi ezininzi, ukupapasha ulwazi ngolwimi olunye olusemthethweni kuphela ngempumelelo kukhupha abantu abaninzi ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwintlalo-ntle.

Ingxaki Yomgangatho Wolwazi Nolwazi Olungelulo

Kuluntu lwedemokhrasi, ubuninzi benkcazelo ekhoyo abululekanga kakhulu kunophawu lwalo. Unyuko lobuqhetseba obugqwethekileyo ./i-information/iimeko zobunyani okanye ulwazi olulahlekisayo olusasazekileyo ukuze kufumane inzuzo yezobupolitika okanye yezoqoqosho (__________________________

Ukuphelisa Uxinezeleko Phakathi Kokubonisa ngaphaya Nento Efihlakeleyo

Olunye ucelomngeni olunzima kumgaqo-nkqubo wolwazi wangoku kukulungelelanisa ilungelo likawonke-wonke lokwazi ngelungelo lomntu lobuqu. Ukubonakala ngaphaya kobuso obupheleleyo kusenokuba yingozi. Ukupapasha idata yobuqu engagqitywanga yabemi . "njengeengxelo zempilo, iidilesi zabasindi bogonyamelo basekhaya, okanye amanani okhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni . "ukuwahlula amalungelo asisiseko kwaye kunokubangela umonakalo okhoyo. Ukunyuka kwemimiselo yokhuseleko lwedata efana ne-GDPR (JingingingCal Data Protection Regial) imisele imigaqo eqinile emalunga nokuthotywa kwe-data kunye nokuvunyelwa. Isitshixo siyindlela entsonkothile yokuphatha ulwazi. Iinkqubo zokhuseleko kufuneka zixhaswe ukuxhasa [[FLT:] [FLT:]

Oku akuyonto iphambili/okanye igalelo. Urhulumente unokuba ngocace kakhulu ekwenzeni kwakhe inkqubo, ulwabelo loqingqo-mali, kunye nokuqiqa okusemthethweni ngexa ekhusela kakhulu ugcino-lwazi lobuqu lwabemi bakhe. Umgaqo wokulungelelanisa uyasebenza: okukhona ubuthathaka obugqithisileyo bogcino-lwazi, ukomelela okufunekayo ukukhulula. Amaqonga olawulo lwe data avumela abalawuli ukuba bachaze indima eziqinileyo kunye neemvume. Umzekelo, umphengululi uyakwazi ukubuza ugcino-data yempilo ehluphelweyo ukuze afumane iziphumo zesifo ngaphandle kokubona igama okanye idilesi yomguli. Oku kungumgangatho wegolide wokubonakala ngokucacileyo kwedemokhrasi: ulwazi oluluncedo kubantu bonke, umgangatho wokuchaphaka kwabantu ngabanye.

Indima Yobugcisa Bale Mihla Nogcino - lwazi

Ubugcisa busisicwili esinxibelelanayo phakathi kwelungelo elisemthethweni kulwazi nokusetyenziswa kwalo buchule. Ixesha lokusebenza kwee-PDF kunye neerekhodi zephepha ezivalelwe kwikhabhinethi ezifakelwayo liyaphela ngokukhawuleza. Ukufikelela kwedemokhrasi yale mihla kufuna izibonelelo zobugcisa bezi mini. Esi sibonelelo-mali kufuneka sikhuseleke, silinganiswe, kwaye senzelwe ukuba kubekho unxibelelwano.

Ugcino-lwazi oluhle kunye nokwakhiwa kuqala kweAPI

Ukuze ulwazi lufikeleleke ngokwenene, kufuneka lubhalwe ngomatshini kwaye lucwangciswe. I-PD egotyiweyo asiyo data efikelelekayo. Abaphathi bogcino-lwazi bale mihla baxhomekeke kwii-database ezicwangcisiweyo kwaye i-API-fifiedi (Imidibaniso yeNkqubo) yamaqonga. Ngokukhupha umaleko we data ukusuka kumaleko wesiboniso, oorhulumente banganikela ulwazi ngaphandle kolwazi lwe-webcate, ii-apples, kunye nezixhobo zophando lwesithathu. Izixhobo ezifana nolawulo lolawulo lwendawo yangasemva zinika isakhiwo sogcino-lwazi oluntsonkothile olunolwazi olunemida. I-API ivumela abachongi, abaphuhlisi, nabacuphi bobugcisa bobugcisa ukuba babuze udweliso lwenkqubo yolwazi, beqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi lungalungiso iindlela zokuqala zabavakalisi. Oku kungabonwa kakuhle.

Izibuko zobuGcisa boMsebenzisi kunye noLawulo lweMisebenzi yamanani

I-data engenziwanga kakuhle ayanelanga. Oorhulumente kufuneka bafake ingeniso kwiplani elisembindini yomsebenzisi. Ukungena kwabantu kwizibuko kufuneka kusebenze njengethala leencwadi lamanani eliphezulu, hayi ikhabhinethi yoshicilelo karhulumente. Oku kufuna ukusebenza okuqinileyo, imeta-data ecacileyo, izixhobo zokubona, kunye nokusabela kweselula. Ngaphezu koko, ulwazi alukho nje kwizandi ezichaphazelekayo; ziimephu, iifoto, imizuzu yentlanganiso, kunye nokurekhoda. Ukufikelela koluntu ekufikeleleni kulawulo oluqinileyo lwezixhobo zamanani kufuneka kuquke nabaphathi bezixhobo zexabiso eliqinileyo (DAM). Iinkqubo ezikwaziyo ukuphatha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zefayile, ulawulo loguqulelo, kunye nezixhobo ezibomvu ezisetyenziswa ngumatshini ziyimfuneko ekuqululekiseni ngaphandle kwemibutho yabasebenzi bakarhulumente okanye abasebenzisi abagqeqesileyo.

Ukuqinisa Inkqubo Yolwazi Loluntu

Ubuxhakaxhaka bobuxhaka-mandla bodwa abunakucombulula imingeni yokubonakala kwedemokhrasi. Mabudibane nenkqubo yamabomu kunye notyalo-mali oluxhasweyo kuluntu.

  • Imithetho yeFOIA yomelele njengomthetho wabo wokusebenza. Abameli bolwazi okanye abanyanzeli-lwazi abazimeleyo kufuneka babe namandla okunyanzela ubhaqo-bhaqo kunye nezohlwayo lwamaqumrhu athintela ulwazi ngokungekho mthethweni.
  • Imedia kunye ne-Cvic Literacy:[ Imibutho yoluntu kufuneka ifundise ubuchule obufunekayo ukufumana nokuvavanya ulwazi lukawonke-wonke. Ummi ongakwaziyo ukwahlula ugcino-lwazi lukarhulumente kwi-boblog ye-Rhomaton akachazwanga ngenyani.
  • Ingeniso ye Interest Interection Journalism: Imodeli yoshishino iphantsi koxinzelelo olunzima. Umsebenzi wokuphatha igunya lokuphendula umba ubiza ixabiso. Imali kawonke-wonke yokunika ingxelo, iityala zerhafu zokubhalisa iindaba, nokudalwa kwezibhengezo zentengiso zendaba ezingaphumeleliyo yimigaqo eqinisekisa ukuba iingcungela zezobugcisa zihlala zikhona ukwenza umsebenzi ontsonkothileyo wohlalutyo logcino-lwazi.
  • Izakhono zoshicilelo loluntu: ulawulo lolwazi kufuneka lujongwe njengozibopheleleko olusisigxina. Iirekhodi zamanani zifuna ugcino olusebenzayo ukuze kuthintelwe ukubola kogcino-lwazi. Oorhulumente kufuneka babe nemigaqo ecacileyo yokukhupha ii-webhsayithi, ii-imeyili, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwamanani ukwenzela ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo zibe nofikelelo kwingxelo yembali.

Isiphelo: Umsebenzi Ongapheliswanga Wedemocratic Translate Translate

Ilungelo lokufumana ulwazi lukawonke-wonke lilo lilonke lokulawula okunoxanduva. Lindlela apho ukulawulwa kwebutho labantu kungaze kugqitywe ngayo. Kufuna ukuphaphanyiswa okuqhubekayo kwabo bafihla inyaniso, utyalo olusekelwe kubungqina obusemgangathweni, nokuzimisela ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abami, kungakhathaliseki ukuba banzi babo banobuchule bobugcisa okanye imeko yabo yezoqoqosho, bangafikelela kwaye baqonde ulwazi abalufunayo.

Njengoko sihamba kwindlela entsonkothileyo yolwazi, umgaqo uhlala ucacile: ulwazi lomntu. Ubugcisa bethu, imithetho yethu, kunye namaqumrhu ethu kufuneka zenzelwe ukuhlonela lo mgaqo. Ngokwenjenjalo, asikhuseli nje kuphela idemokhrasi; siyayinika amandla okuhlangabezana nocelomngeni lwexesha elizayo.