Ukufumana imali efunyenwe ngurhulumente ligumbi lokuphatha urhulumente, ukukhokelwa kwemali ehlawulwayo kwimpahla neenkonzo ezixhasa yonke into ukusuka kwi-lonke ukukhusela kwisiseko somhlaba. Kodwa le misebenzi yezoqoqosho nezoqoqosho (ngokufuthi imele ishumi ukuya kwi-15 ekhulwini lemveliso yasekhaya yelizwe) likwimeko entle yodwa yokulahlwa, ubuqhetseba, nokukhetha. Kulo mongo, imigaqo yemigaqo-siseko ayiyonto entle; iyimfuneko. Ngokucacileyo, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha enyanzelekileyo iguqula ukusetyenziswa kwebhokisi eli-gqwesileyo le-engile ibe yi-injini yexabiso likawonke-wonke. Ngaphandle kwabo, ukuthemba ukuba abemi bakwindawo karhulumente yabo ekhuthukayo, kunye nokuthembeka kokusetyenziswa kwabantu.

Eli nqaku lihlolisisa isizathu sokuba imigaqo yokuziphatha ibaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni urhulumente. Siza kuhlolisisa imisebenzi yabo engundoqo, iingenelo zekonkrithi, kunye nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo olubangela ukuphumeza nzima, ngokutsalela kwimiqathango engcono yehlabathi jikelele kunye nemithombo enegunya ukubonisa indlela imilinganiselo yokuziphatha esetyenziswa ngayo kwiinkqubo zokufumana ingeniso yehlabathi lokwenene.

Ukuqonda Ukucoceka Kukarhulumente: Isikali, Indawo, Neziphatho

Ukufumana izinto ezifunyenweyo kukarhulumente kubandakanya umjikelo wokufumana izinto, iinkonzo, kunye nemisebenzi eyenziwa ngamaqumrhu kawonke-wonke. Oku kuquka yonke into ukusuka kwizinto ezifumaneka kwiiofisi kunye neenkqubo ze-IT ukuya kwimisebenzi emikhulu enjengeendlela zomzi nezibhedlele. Ngokutsho kwe ECD, ukuqokelelwa kwemali kawonke-wonke ye-GDP kumazwe ase-OECD, kunye nama-30 ekhulwini akwilizwe asakhasa. Umthamo wemali owenziwe ngomrhumo oyintloko wokufikelela usukelo lwenkqubo, ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwemicimbi encinane, ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kohlaza-luvo oluluhlaza, okanye ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesizwe.

Noko ke, ubungakanani bemali yokuthenga bukwatsala impembelelo engafanelekanga. Xa izivumelwano zinikwa impembelelo engafanelekanga ngaphandle kwemithetho ecacileyo, ubuqhetseba bungachuma. Uhlolisiso lwama-2021 lweBhanki yehlabathi luqikelela ukuba ukunyoba kuthelekelelwa kumazwe asele esele ekho, kuxabisa ingeniso yoluntu kuphela phakathi kweedolara ezingamawaka ezigidi kunye nezigidi ezingama-40 zeerandi. Ngaphandle kokubiwa ngqo, ukusetyenziswa ngokungekho mthethweni kukhokelela kumaxabiso aphezulu, umgangatho osezantsi, kunye nokungathwaliselwa okuthi ekugqibeleni kwemali ewehlelayo. Ukuqonda esi sikali sicacisa isizathu sokuba imigaqo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ayingongeyo ekhethekayo kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni.

Iinkqubo zonyango ziyahluka-hluka kakhulu-kusukela kwimibhobho evulekileyo ukuya kumthombo omnye wezivumelwano − kodwa bonke bayabelana ngemfuneko yokuthembeka. Nokuba isixeko sithenga iilori zomlilo okanye irente yesizwe yezombutho, imigaqo yokungagwebi, ukubonakala, nokuphendula inyani kuhlala kuhleli. Imigaqo yenzululwazi inika isiseko esigcina le migaqo iphila ekuqheliseni imihla ngemihla.

Indima yentambo yesikhokelo sococeko ekucoceni

Imigaqo yendlela yokufumana iprojekthi kurhulumente isebenza njengekhowudi yokuziphatha elungelelanisa ukuziphatha kwabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ngomdla kawonke-wonke. Ichaza ukuziphatha okwamkelekileyo, imisela iinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo, kwaye yenza iindlela zokuphendula. Amacandelwana alandelayo achaza iindima ezine ezibalulekileyo ezi zilandelayo.

Ukukhuthaza Ukubonakala kwelinye Ixesha

Intsingiselo yokuba kucace ukuba iinkqubo zokufumana zivuleke ukuba zihlolwe nguwonke-wonke, ngabakhuphi, kunye neequmrhu zolawulo. Imigaqo yezobucukubhede ifuna ukuba zonke iindidi zokukhetha zipapashwe kusengaphambili, oko kuvavanywa kuqinisekiswe, kwaye izigqibo zokunika imvume zicaciswe. Umzekelo, i- yeZizwe ezimanyeneyo ye-Global Intengiso[ ifuna ukutyhilwa ngokupheleleyo kwamathuba neziphumo. Xa abemi bebona indlela imali yabo esetyenziswa ngayo, basenokungacingelani ukuchana inkohlakalo, kwaye ukungaziphathi kakuhle kulula ukukufumanisa.

Ukubonisa ngaphaya kwamandla kuthintela ukubhalisa. Ukuba abanikezi bayazi ukuba iinguqu zabo nemali eziya kupapashwa, abakwazi ukukhupha ikhomputha. Oku kuthetha ukuba, oku kuthetha ukuba amaqonga okufumana i-elektroniki afake ijelo ngalinye lentsebenziswano, ubhaliso olufikelelekayo oluthe rhoqo, kunye nophicotho-zincwadi oluthe rhoqo. Ngaphandle kokukhanya, kwanamagosa azimisele kakuhle angenza izigqibo ezibonakala zingenasizathu, eziyekisayo ukuthemba kwinkqubo yonke.

Ukukhusela Iingxaki Zenzala

Kuphakama ingxabano yenzala xa igosa elifuna imali libophelelekile kwisiphumo sesigqibo. Imigaqo yenkcazelo iyalela iimeko ezinjalo okanye ifuna ukutyhilwa kunye nokuphinda ikhutshwa. Umzekelo, igosa eliqabane elisebenza inkampani elifuna imvume kumele liphambuke kweso sigqibo. Isiseko sombutho [i-FLT] stapency International [ sigxininisa ukuba kwanembono yokungavisisani ingxwano ingxhulumagqwnano ingxwonakalisa ukuthemba kwabantu bonke.

Ukukhusela ungquzulwano kufuna okungaphezulu kunemithetho . Ngoku oorhulumente abaninzi bafuna izibhengezo zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye neengquzulwano zomlo. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho zinceda amagosa aqonde iimeko ezisemideni, ezifana nokwamkela izipho kubathengisi okanye kuqeshwa abo basebenza nabo. Xa zinyanzeliswa ngokuqhubekayo, ezi zinyathelo zikhusela ukufunyanwa kwempembelelo echuliweyo enokuphelisa ingqibelelo ngokucothayo.

Ukukhuthaza Ukhuphiswano Olufanelekileyo

Ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo luyindlela eqhubela ixabiso lemali. Imigaqo yentelekelelo iqinisekisa ukuba bonke abanikeli abafanelekileyo banethuba elilinganayo lokukhuphisana ngezivumelwano. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho ndlela yokuphatha, akukho zingqikelelo zifihlakeleyo, kwaye akukho miqobo ingeyomfuneko yokungena. WTO Isivumelwano sokuKhuthazwa kweRhulumente ye-Province ngokucacileyo ifuna ukuba amalungu aphathe abanikazi bemibutho yangaphandle ngokufanayo, logama nje iimeko ezithile zidibana.

Ukuqhelisela ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo lubandakanya ukubeka amaphepha athantamisayo, ukubeka iimfuno ezifanelekileyo, nokunika abangenisi ixesha elaneleyo lokulungiselela iintengiso. Kwakhona kubandakanya ukwala izicelo ezivela kwimizi-mveliso enembali yokunganyani. Xa ukhuphiswano luyinyaniso, oorhulumente bafumana amaxabiso angcono nezisombululo ezingcono. Xa zihla, iindleko zinyuka kwaye ubunjani buyahla.

Ukuphendula

Ukunikwa ityala kuthetha ukuba amagosa anokufumana iimpendulo kwizigqibo zawo. Imigaqo yenkcazo imisela imigca ecacileyo yokunika ingxelo, ifuna uxwebhu kwinyathelo ngalinye, kwaye yenza iindlela zokuhlola kunye nezibongozo. Umzekelo, umbangi olahlekileyo kufuneka abe nelungelo lokuvavanya isigqibo ngesiqu esizimeleyo. Lo mgaqo uqukiwe kwimithetho emininzi yesizwe efumana imiyalelo kwaye ungowona uphakathi kuMthetho we- UNCITRAL book Cancel on Public Procectionment

Ukuphendula kwakhona kuthetha ukuba ukwaphula umthetho kunemiphumo. Enoba ngesenzo soqeqesho, izigwebo zamakhaya, okanye ngokutshutshiswa, imigaqo yokuziphatha kufuneka ixhaswe lumthetho onyanzelekileyo. Ngaphandle kweziphumo, imigaqo-miyalelo iba ziingxelo zentelekelelo kunokuba ibophe imithetho. Isiseko esinamandla sokuphendula siquka uphicotho-zincwadi lwangaphakathi, ukujongana nangaphandle ngamaqumrhu achasene nokonakala, kunye nemigaqo yokukhupha impepho ukukhuthaza ukubika ngehambo evakalala.

Iingenelo Ezimangalisayo Zokuzalisekisa Imigaqo Yokhokelo Engalawulekiyo

Xa imigaqo yokuziphatha isetyenziswa ngokunempumelelo, imivuzo ifikelela ngaphaya kokuphepha ihlazo.

Ukuthemba Uluntu Olwandisiweyo

Ukuthemba yimali yolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Xa ukuthengwa kuboniswa ngokucacileyo kwaye kufanelekile, abemi bayabona ukuba imali yabo yerhafu isetyenziswa ngobulumko. Oku kuthenjiswa kuphalala kwisivumelwano soluntu olubanzi kunye nentsebenziswano neenkqubo zikarhulumente. Umzekelo, emva kokuba uMzantsi Korea wasungula inkqubo yokufumana i-KONEPS ye-elektroniki. I--lmscracy idibanisa uhlolo olufanelekileyo nolwaneliseko olupheleleyo lwendlela yokufumana irhafu, kwaye inani labafaki be-active linyuka, okubonisa ukuthembana okungakumbi kwicandelo labucala.

Ngokuchaseneyo, amahlazo aphezulu anokutyhefa ukuthemba uluntu kangangeminyaka. Umsebenzi [[FLT: 0]ECD wokuziphatha koluntu [ usoloko ufumana ungqubano olunamandla phakathi korhwaphilizo olubonakalayo ekufumaneni nokuthembana okusezantsi kumaqumrhu karhulumente. Imigaqo yezobunzululwazi ingumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela ekukhukulisekeni.

Ubuchule obuphuculiweyo nesantya

Ngokwahlukileyo kwingcamango yokuba imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ithoba ukuqokelelwa, imigaqo echazwe kakuhle yemigaqo yendlela yokuziphatha ijikeleza ngokwenene. Basusa ukungaqondakali, banciphisa imfuneko yokuthethelela kwasemva kwe-hoc, kwaye banciphise impikiswano. Ngemithetho ecacileyo, abaphathi bangenza izigqibo ngokuzithemba ngaphandle koloyiko lokuba kamva batyholwe ngehambo engalunganga. Isixokelelwano sokulungisa i-e e- stifica imigaqo yendlela yokuziphatha. "enjengewotshi engundoqo" njengeencopho kuphela yemiqathango echaziweyo `icacingstings translate amaxesha angamashumi amathathu ukuya kumashumi amane eepesenti.

Ubuchule buphucula xa abanikezeli bengenayo imfuneko yokusebenzisa iindlela ezizizo okanye ezizizi. Umgangatho wokudlala ukhuthaza intengo ezingakumbi, ezinyusa ukhuphiswano kunye nokunyusa amaxabiso. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ixabiso eliphezulu lokusebenzisa imigaqo yendlela yokuziphatha lingaphezulu kakhulu ngokogcino lwemali ukusuka kwiprojekthi engcono kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemingeni.

Ukuncitshiswa Kobuqhetseba Nokunganyaniseki

Imigaqo yezomthetho isebenza njengesithintelo. Xa abasebenzi bezobungendawo besazi ukuba izigqibo zokufumana zibhaliwe, ziphindwa, kwaye ziphindwa, umngcipheko wokubanjwa unyuko. Amazwe amaninzi axele ukuhla okubalulekileyo ekufumaneni intengo emva kokomeleza imigaqo yemithetho yokuziphatha kunye nokuthobela. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kokhuseleko oluzinzileyo kunye nohlolo oluqinileyo lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha eChile kwanciphisa ukungenzeki kwezenzo ezingaqhelekanga ngokweephesenti ezingaphezu kwama-40 kwixesha leminyaka emihlanu.

Ngaphezu koko, imigaqo yokuziphatha ixhasa abavuli-sandi kunye neentatheli eziphandayo. Ngokucacileyo, abo baphawula ubuqhetseba banokuyichaza ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi inkxalabo yabo kwaye bafuna ukhuseleko. Oku kudala umjikelo olungileyo apho ukubonakala kwelinye icala nokuziphendulela kuqinisana, kwenza kube nzima ukufihla urhwaphilizo.

Umgangatho ophezulu weeNtloko neeNkonzo

Xa izivumelwano zinikwa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso elifanelekileyo kunokuba zidibane, oorhulumente bafumana iimveliso ezingcono. Imigaqo yenzululwazi iqinisekisa ukuba ubunjani, ixabiso, kunye nexabiso lebhayisekile zizinto ezingundoqo kwizigqibo ezihlawulwayo. Oku kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo ezinjengezixhobo zonyango, iinkqubo zokuzikhusela, okanye izibonelelo ze-IT, apho isisombululo esiphantsi kodwa esingalinganiyo sinokuthi sikhokelele kwiindleko ezingaphezulu kakhulu ezithe kratya phantsi kwelayini.

Ngokomzekelo, emva kokuba iSebe lokhuselo laseUnited States lisebenzise ulawulo olungqongqo lwendlela yokuziphatha ekufumaneni izixhobo ezinkulu, ukulibaziseka nokusetyenziswa kwexabiso lokuzifumana kwancipha ngokuphawulekayo, kwaye umsebenzi wenkomfa uphucukile. Ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo lukwakhuthaza ukuhlaziywa: xa amashishini amancinane naphakathi azi ukuba anethuba lokwenene, afaka imali kwiingcinga ezingcono kunye nobugcisa obutsha. Ekugqibeleni, uluntu lufumana iinkonzo kunye nesiseko esisebenza njengoko kunenjongo kunye nokuhambisa ixabiso lexesha elide.

Ucelomngeni Oluqhubekayo Ekusebenziseni Imigaqo Yokhokelo

Nakubeni zicacile iingenelo, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ebambekayo ekufumaneni intsebenziswano inzima. Imiqobo yehlabathi lokwenene ifuna umgudu ozingisileyo kwaye uthanda ukoyisa kwezobupolitika.

Ukuchaswa Kokuguquka Kwezigulo Zaseburhulumenteni

Iindlela ezimisiweyo zokwenza izinto kungaba nzima ukutshintsha. Amagosa anyangayo aqhelene noqheliselo olungacwangciswanga ``````ekuthandeni izalathiso'''''''. Amagosa asetyenziswayo asetyenziselwa ukutshintsha iindlela zokuzilungisa.

Ukuyoyisa oku kufuna ukhokelo olunamandla oluvela phezulu. Iingcungela zezobupolitika namagosa aphezulu esizwe kufuneka zixhase ngokubonakalayo iinguqu zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kwaye abalawuli abaphakathi baphendule amatyala. Ukutshintsha iindlela zokuphatha, kuquka uxilongo lwabasebenzi ababotshelelayo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemiqathango, kunganciphisa ukhuphiswano. Abanye oorhulumente baye bafumana impumelelo ngokunxulumanisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokuziphatha neebhonasi zokuphatha amagosa.

Uqeqesho olungonelanga nolumkiso

Imigaqo yendlela yokusebenza isebenza kuphela njengabantu abayisebenzisayo. Amagosa amaninzi afumene uqeqesho olusesikweni kwimilinganiselo okanye kulawulo olunenkxwaleko. Ngaphandle kokuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa imigaqo engabonakaliyo kwiimeko eziqinileyo, ngokungazi, asenokuyaphula imithetho okanye asilele ukubona iiflegi ezibomvu.

Iinkqubo zoqeqesho eziphicothiweyo zibalulekile. Ezi kufuneka zigqume kungekuphela nje imithetho kodwa zigqume nezifundo zomzekelo, imithambo yokudlala indima, kunye nokuhlaziywa kobungozi obutsha obufana ne-computer-ics kwi-project. ECD icebisa [ imigaqo yokuziphatha edityaniswe kuko konke ukuphuhliswa kolwazi, ukusuka kumgangatho wokungena ukuya phambili kwi-crectives. Amanye amazwe ngoku afuna abavuzi bemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye neemodyuli eziyimfuneko zokuqeqesha kwingingqi yengingqi yengingqi.

Oovimba abalinganiselweyo ukuze bahlolwe

Kwanezikhokelo ezingcono aziphumeleli ngaphandle koovimba bokuthobela nokunyanzelisa imithetho. Amaqumrhu amaninzi okufumana abaphathi abaphantsi kwentsebenziswano naphantsi. Asenokungabi nabuchule bokuphicotha izivumelwano ezintsonkothileyo okanye inkululeko yokulandela imilinganiselo engalunganga ekwiqondo eliphezulu. Kumazwe asakhasayo, olu celomngeni ludityaniswa ngokufikelela kobugcisa obulinganiselweyo ukuze kufumaneke ugcino-lwazi olufumana iindlela.

Oorhulumente kufuneka banike uqingqo-mali olunikezelweyo lwezibonelelo zemigaqo-nkqubo: iiyunithi zophicotho-zincwadi, uphando, kunye nee-applice ezikhuselekileyo zokufunxa iimpempe. Ubugcisa bunganceda; iindlela zogcino-lwazi ezisetyenziswa yi-alytics zingalawula izalathiso ezingekho mthethweni. Kodwa ubugcisa bodwa abuyonto inyanzelo yezopolitiko yokuxhasa nokukhusela amaziko olawulo lunzima.

Izithethe Nezobupolitika

Kwezinye iimeko, iinkqubo zokuxhasa zisekelwe ngokunzulu kwizithethe zezobupolitika. Imigaqo yezobugcisa ekwalela ukukhetha abantu isenokungqubana nezithethe ezithe tye zokuxhasa okanye ukuhambisa izivumelwano ezinika umvuzo ukuze kugcinwe inkxaso yezopolitiko. Ukuguqula le nkqubo akufuni inguqulelo engokwasemthethweni kuphela kodwa kwanotshintsho olubanzi lwezentlalo, kuquka uphando lwezibonelelo ze-media kunye nokusetyenziswa kwebutho labantu.

Uxinzelelo lwehlabathi kunye noxhomekeko oluvela kumaziko afana neBhanki yehlabathi lunganika isixhaso. Iibhanki ezininzi zophuhliso ngoku zifuna ukusetyenziswa ngokungqongqo kwemigaqo-nkqubo njengemeko yokuxhasa ngemali. Intshukumo yoluntu ezichasene nokunganyaniseki, ezigunyaziswe zizixhobo zokubonisa imbonakalo, nazo ziye zaphembelela utshintsho. Ekugqibeleni, ukulwela ukufumana imigaqo esemthethweni kuyinxalenye yomzabalazo omkhulu wokulawula kakuhle nomthetho.

Uqukumbela: Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha njengesiseko sococeko

Imigaqo yenzululwazi ayiyondlela yokuzonwabisa okanye yokucinga emva kokuthengwa kukarhulumente; zisisiseko apho kwakhiwa khona inkqubo elungileyo, esebenzayo, nethembekileyo. Ngokukhuthaza ukubonakala kwelinye icala, ukukhusela iingxwabangxwaba, ukunyanzelisa ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo, nokuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo ikhusela imali kawonke-wonke kunye nokuqinisa imigaqo-siseko solawulo-moya. Iingenelo ```````ahancanc'''''', phucula ubuchule, ukuqhatha, kwaye iziphumo ezingcono .

Imingeni iyamangalisa, kodwa ayingongoyiswa. Ngokuthanda kwezobupolitika, ngokuzingisa ekuqeqesheni nasekulawuleni, nangokusetyenziswa kobugcisa bale mihla, oorhulumente banokufaka imigaqo yokuziphatha kwiDNA yeenkqubo zabo zokufumana. Njengoko abemi nabagcini-mali befuna ingqibelelo engakumbi kumaziko karhulumente, ukubaluleka kwemigaqo yemigaqo-siseko kuya kukhula kuphela. Abayiyo nje imithetho yokulandelwa; bayimigaqo emele iphile ngayo.

Kubenzi bemithetho nakuogqirha, indlela ephambili icacile: ukucocwa nokunyanzelwa kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ukufunda kwizenzo ezingcono zomhlaba, nokungaze uyijongele phantsi inkcitho yokungalinaki imigaqo yokuziphatha ingaphezulu kakhulu kunexabiso lokuyisebenzisa. Ekugqibeleni, ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho yokuziphatha akuphelelanga ekusebenziseni imali ngobulumko kuphela, kodwa kuxhomekeke ekuthembeni uluntu.