I-Swachh Bharat Bharat Mission (Inkonzo Ecocekileyo yaseIndiya), eyandululwa ngomhla wesi-2 kuOktobha 2014 nguMphathiswa Omkhulu uNarendra Modi, ime njengenye yezona ndawo zikhulu zokugutyungelwa kogutyulo lwezogulo kwimbali yoluntu. Ngaphezu kwenkqubo karhulumente, imela iinguqu ezinzulu kwindlela abemi base-Indiya ababandakanyeke ngayo nococeko lukawonke wonke, imbopheleleko yobuqu, kunye nentlalo-ntle. Kwiminyaka elishumi ukususela ekusungulweni kwayo, umsebenzi uye waguqula ubomi boluntu banqamleza idolophu nasemaphandleni eIndiya – ukusuka ekukhiweni kwezindlu zamakhaya ezizizigidi ezili-100 ukuya ekuncipheni ekuvulweni kwe-ovula. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iinjongo, imingeni entle, imingeni ehlala ihleli e-Swah Bharratness, ukuzoba ulwazi, kunye nothelekiso lwe-amasebe-Elitial, ii-data, kunye nolutsha lwehlabathi lomhlaba lwehlabathi.

Imvelaphi Nosukelo Oluluvo Oluhle Lomsebenzi WesiSwachh Bharat

I-Swachh Bharat Mission yazalwa ngenxa yengxaki yesizwe enzima. Ngokutsho kobalo lwangowangowangowangowama-2011, phantse isiqingatha sabemi baseIndiya – ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-600 – abangazange bakwazi ukungena kwizixhobo ezisisiseko zokucoca indleko. Ukukhutshwa komngxuma kwakuxhaphakile, nto leyo eyafak'unegalelo kwiqondo eliphezulu lesifo sorhudo, ukungondleka, nokufa kwabantwana. Umsebenzi owenzelwe ukufikelela kwinkqutha yogusho ngo-2 Oktobha 2019 – ukubhiyo kweyelelo lowe-1050 lokuzalwa kweMahma Gandhi – umhla wokuzalwa konyaka obonakala unyuke kakhulu lomlinganiselo wengxaki.

Iinjongo

  • Comment=Iindawo ezivulekileyo zokucoca ngokuqinisekisa ukuba yonke indlu iyakwazi ukuya kwindlu yangasese.
  • Ifundisa izigidi zezindlu zangasese (IHL)[[FL:1] kunye nezakhiwo zococeko zoluntu kwimimandla yasemaphandleni nakwidolophana.
  • [[UMTL:0] guqula i-Promothi eqinileyo nemanzi ulawulo lwenkunkuma kumgangatho woluntu, kuquka ukwahlulwa kohlanga, ukuqokelelwa, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe, kunye nokulahlwa okukhuselekileyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Utshintsho lokuziphatha oluthe tye ngamaziko okwazisa abantu abaninzi, iinkqubo zesikolo, kunye neendlela zoluntu ezidityanisiweyo zogutyulo (CLTS).
  • umthamo wokwakha kurhulumente, isithili, kunye nedolophana ukulondoloza ucoceko.

Lo msebenzi wamiswa kwimijelo emibini: Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, ekhokelwa buBulungiseleli bamanzi okusela kunye nokuGawula, kunye Swach Bharat Mission [Urban], elawulwa yiNkonzo yeKhample ne-Urban. Umsinga ngamnye wawuneenjongo ezahlukileyo, imigaqo yenkxaso-mali, kunye nezakhiwo, kodwa zombini zazinombono ogqithisileyo we-Indiya ecocekileyo.

Impembelelo kwizakhiwo zococeko neNkcubeko

Ukugqunywa kokugquma nokuLahla koMgaqo-nkqubo

Eyona nto ibonakalayo yokuphumelela kweSwachh Bharat Mission kukugqunywa kwendlu yangasese. Ekuqaleni kowama-2024, urhulumente wanikela ingxelo yokwakhiwa kwezindlu zangasese ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-101 kwimimandla yasemaphandleni kuphela, nemimandla yasezidolophini yongeza izigidi ezininzi. NgokweNational Moralralsarial Sanitiation Survey (NARS) 20222, 96.5% yamakhaya asemaphandleni aye afikelela kwindlu yangasese, yaye angama- 94% ayezisebenzisa rhoqo. Oku kunguphuculo enkulu ukusuka kwi-40% yemali epheleleyo ngo-2014. I Independents, kuquka ezo zeWorld Bank neUNICEF, zingqine uhliko oluphawulekayo ekuvulweni kwedensi kwe-55% yabemi basemaphandleni ngo-2014 ukuya ku-20222.

Ukuncitshiswa Kwempilo Nezifo

Uphando oluphuculiweyo luye lwaguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwimpilo kawonke-wonke. Uqikelelo olupapashwa [[FLT:] iLancet kunye ne Joinal yeNkcubeko yehlabathi yempilo[ luthelekelele ukuba i-Sachh Bharat Mission ithintele malunga nama-300,000 okufa kwabantwana abangaphantsi ko-2014 kunye no-202020, kunye nokuhla okuphawulekayo kwezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi-asel'styheat . Uhlolisiso lwe-WHO neBhunga lophando lwamayeza lwafumanisa ukuba bonke abaryubhisi bechitha ucococoota ngothutho lwemali, ukuchuma nokufa. Abasebenzi boluntu banikela ingxelo yempilo encinane, kunye nokufa kwabantu abambalwa kwe-CMPIS, i-mastmark, ingakumbi kwimimandla e-okthene.

Ukuphaphela Nembopheleleko Yokuqokelela

Ngaphandle kwesiseko, lo msebenzi uphuhlise i-ethos entsha. I-iconow “Swachh Bharat” logo – ubuso obubumfeketho bukaMahatma Gandhi – iye yaba ngumqondiso othe kratya wococeko lukawonke-wonke. Ngoku abami basebenzisa ijelo lococeko loluntu rhoqo, bathatha iindawo zikawonke-wonke, kwaye banikela ingxelo yokungcoliswa kwemida ngezixhobo ze-apply. Izikolo ziye zadibanisa imfundo yococelo kwizifundo zazo zemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yamvaba, ziguqula abantwana baba ngabenzi beenguqu ezincutshe ezintsatsheni zabo. I-Swachh Survekshan, uhlolisiso lonyaka nococelo lwemibutho yasekuhlaleni, ikhuthaza ukurhwabana kwemibutho yabantu, kunye nezixeko ngemibalwano yeendawo zeendawo zelizwe kunye nabahlalo. Lo mgaqo wokuziphatha ukwenziwa yindawo ehlala ixesha elide

Ulawulo lwenkunkuma kunye noTshintsho lwaseludolobheni

Inkqubo yolawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo

I-Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) yayalela ukuba onke amaqumrhu kamasipala asebenzise ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma ephuma kwizindlu ezingamakhulu 100 ukuya kwindlu, inkunkuma etshayelela kwimibhobho eyomileyo, kunye nokuseka izixhobo zokuyilungisa. Ngo-2023, ngaphezu kwama-90% ezixeko zase-Indiya afikelele uqokelelo lweminyango yomnyango ukuya kwindlu, ithelekiswa nama-30% ngo-2014. Amaziko okuphuculwa kwemichiza (MRF) kunye nezityalo zobugcisa zivelise kwizixeko ezifana ne-Indore, Surat, neMysuru, ngoku ezikwisikhundla esicocekileyo eAsia. Indo, umzekelo, afumene i-100% kunye nokurhoxiwa kwenkunkuma kwi-octracracto, ingenisa umxholo we-oppost, iminyaka emithandathu elandelene.

Ucelomngeni Lokunqongophala Kwenkunkuma

Sekunjalo, ulawulo lwenkunkuma lusaqhubeka lungumsebenzi ongagqitywanga. IBhodi yokuLawula ungcoliso lwendalo ephakathi (CPCB) iqikelela ukuba iIndiya ivelisa ama-62 ezigidi ze-tonnes zenkunkuma eqinileyo ngonyaka, apho malunga nama-75% kuphela aqokelelwe kwaye angaphantsi kwama-30% anyangwa ngokwenzululwazi. Okuseleyo kuphelela ekuchitheni inkunkuma yomhlaba, ngokufuthi engalungiswanga kwaye engalawulwa kakuhle. Izithuba ezilandelayo, i-Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 (ethathwe ku-2021), iye yaqalisa ukuqwalasela ukufikelela “kwisicwangciso senzululwazi semfutho-mfutho wemfula, ukukhuthaza ukubuyiselwa kwenkunkuma yeplastiki, nokuseka izityalo ezidityaniweyo ze-tointergis. Izixeko ezifana noBengalul ziqhuba kakuhle i-compoast-to-ocre egcina iziphumo ezithembisayo.

Ukuhlanjululwa Kwamakhaya Nendima Yoluntu

Uhlaziyo olupheleleyo

Iphiko lasemaphandleni lothutho lamkele i- Community-Lects Inkqubeko ye-(CLTS) ukusondela, uvulindlela nguGqr Kamal Kar. Kunokuba akhe izindlu zangasese ezilula, i-CLTS isebenzisa nje ukuxhokonyezekiswa kwamaqela entlalo-ntle kunye “ukuxhobisa iprojekthi" njengokuzobala amanxuwa avulekileyo kunye nokubala imfuno yemiba yemiba - ukucaphuka nokuhlazeka kwemisholo kukwimeko etshintsha indlela yokuziphatha. Iidolophu ezifumana isimo sokuvula ii-defice-e-ekhululekileyo (ODF) zifumana ukuvalwa kwelizwe, kwaye ezininzi zifumana iqhawe. Ngo-2024, ngaphezu kwe-60-60-2001, kunye namazwe amaninzi e-Skikkiks, kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lwe-Prade-D. kunye nolawulo oluno oluqinileyo.

Ulondolozo lwezibonelelo

Ucelomngeni oluqhubekayo kwiindawo zasemaphandleni kukugcinwa kwezindlu zangasese kunye nokufunyanwa kwamanzi. Iindlu zangasese ezininzi zamandulo ezakhiwe phantsi komsebenzi zijongene neengxaki ezifana nezakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo ezingaphelelanga, ukunqongophala kwamanzi, okanye ukudilika kwezakhiwo. Urhulumente waphendula ngokudibanisa ubutshayela neJal Jeevan Mission (umthombo wamanzi) kunye nokuveliswa “ukukhula kwendlu-ngahambiyo" -ukuza – ukugubungela yonke imizi kwidolophana kunokuba isasaze icandelo ngalinye. Amanzi oluntu kunye nekomiti yogutyulo-gusho (VWSC) zinikwe amandla okulawula imibhobho, izidi, kunye nokulungiswa kwendlu yangasese. Ubungqina obuvela kumazwe afana neMaharastratra neTamil Nad bubonisa ukuba iidolophane zeVSC zixhasa imeko ye-ODFF ekhoyo.

I-Swachh Bharat Mission kunye neGender Equity

I-operation communiation communice ibangele ukuba amabhinqa afumane isidima nokhuseleko. Ngaphambi ko-2014, izigidi zamabhinqa asemaphandleni ase-Indiya kwafuneka zikhululeke emasimini okanye ngasendleleni ngaphambi kokusa okanye emva korhatya, ukoyika ukukhathazwa, iinyoka, okanye ugonyamelo lwesini. Ulungiselelo lwezindlu zangasese zasekhaya luye lwakhulula ixesha, ukunciphisa umngcipheko, kwaye luvumela amabhinqa ukuba afunde okanye asebenze. Uhlolisiso lwama-2021 lwe-Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation lufumanise ukuba amabhinqa asezidolophini ezi-OD afumana ukuncitshiswa kwama-30% okuxhala ngenxa yococelo olunxulumene nococelo olunxulumene nococelo oluneyo. Olu thutho lwama olune% lwabangela amathuba okusebenza njengamabhinqa, abakhi bezindlu zanga, abasebenzi bezindlu zezindlu, nabasebenzi benkunkuma, nabasebenzi benkunkuma, iimisebenzi eziqhelekileyo.

Izixhobo zemali kunye neeNkcukacha zoLawulo

I-Swachh Bharat Mission iye yaba yenye yeenkqubo zikawonke-wonke ezichukumiseke kakhulu kwimbali yaseIndiya, inenkcitho epheleleyo engaphezulu 761.5 lakh crore (malunga ne-USD 20 amawaka ezigidi) phakathi ko-2014 no-2023. Ingxowa- equka uqingqo-mali-mali-mali, uxanduva lwengiselwano lwezentlalo (CSR) kunye nemali-mali-mboleko yangaphandle evela kwiBhanki yehlabathi kunye noPhuhliso lwe-Asia. Urhulumente wazisa i-wach Bharat (i-0.5% ye-levy kwirhafu yenkonzo) ukuvelisa oovimba bemali abafakelwe umnxeba. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphendula, umsebenzi onyanzelwe-uwonke wolwakhiwo lwezindlu lwangasese (FLD:0) [APPP] [FFF1], ukuhlolwa kwe-unyaka-od .upt-odroarts, kunye nokuhlolwa kwesithathu, ulawulo olutsha.

Ukugqalwa Kwabantu Behlabathi Namabali Aphathelele Ihlabathi

I-Swachh Bharat Mission ivumile emhlabeni wonke. I-World Health Organization (WHO) iwuncoma ngokuthi “yimpumelelo ephawulekayo kwimpilo kawonke-wonke.” IZizwe ezimanyeneyo zaquka amabali aliqela empumelelo evela kumsebenzi njengetyala lophando lophuhliso oluxhasiweyo (SDG 6 kumanzi acocekileyo nakugutyulwano). Amazwe afana neBangladesh, i-Ethiopia, kunye ne-Indonesia aye athumela abathunywa ukuba bafunde indlela yonxulumano lwe-Indiya, ingakumbi intlanganiselaniso, ukuthomalalisa uluntu, nokuziphendulela phantsi kwetyala. Noko ke, iingcali ziyalumkisa ukuba imodeli yothutho oluphezulu – ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwinkxaso karhulumente kunye namaxhoba aphakathi aphakathi anokungabi nako oko kumgangatho ophezulu kumazwe anemeko olubuthathaka okanye amasiko ahlukeneyo.

Imicimbi neshishini elingagqitywanga

Ngaphandle kwempumelelo yayo, iSwachh Bharat Mission ayingobagxeki. Abahlalutyi bakhomba kwiintsilelo eziliqela:

  • Utshintsho lwe-Behaviour alulingani[: Ngexesha ukusetyenziswa kwendlu yangasese kunyukile, uphando olude lweZiko lophando lwe-Header Economics (RICE) lucebisa ukuba ukuvuleka komjelo kuqhubekeke kumaqela amaninzi, ingakumbi kwimimandla ephantsi nakwimimandla ehamba amanzi. Izithethe zoluntu zicotha ukutshintsha, kwaye ezinye iintsapho zisakhetha izithuba ezivulekileyo ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle okanye umkhwa.
  • Ubunjani bokwakha nokuzinzisa : Iingxelo zivele kumagumbi okugcina okanye amakhusi emfuyo, okanye ziwile kwiminyaka embalwa ngenxa yolwakhiwo olungeluhle. Ukungxama ukudibana namaxhoba e-ODF maxa wambi kwakhokelela kwisakhiwo esikhawulezileyo ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha elide lide.
  • Unyango lwamanzi olukwixesha eliphantsi [: Ukujolisa kwalo msebenzi ekwakhiweni kwendlu yangasese ekuqaleni kwatyeshelwa “imayile yokugqibela” yolawulo lokungcola. Liqaqobana nje lefecal sldge elinyangwa ngokukhuselekileyo, kwaye izixeko ezininzi azinazo iinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi amda wesityalo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungcolisekeni kweziqu zamanzi. I-Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 izimisele ukuthetha ngale nto ngokuphuma kwifacal slmdis kunye nemithetho yokuphatha (FSM).
  • [[FLT: 0] Ulwahlulo luyaqhubeka[: Ilungu lasedolophini liye lazama ukugcina isantya kunye nokufuduka okukhawulezayo. Ii-slum kunye neengingqi ezingacwangciswanga ngokufuthi azifumani nkonzo kwizindlu zangasese zoluntu okanye iinkonzo zokuqokelela inkunkuma, kwaye amaqela eSwachh Survekshan aye agxekwa ngenxa yokuxhasa amadolobha afumileyo anokukwazi ukuthenga isiseko esingcono.

Indlela Engaphambili: IMibutho Yesibharathi YesiKrista 2,0 Nangaphaya

Uhlaziyo lwama-2021, i-Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 ikwandisa inkqubo ukuya kuma-2025-26 ngoqingqo-mali lwe-761.41 lakh crore. Isigaba esitsha sangaphambili sokukrala:

  • % uqhubekeko lwenkunkuma yenkunkuma eqinileyo, iplastiki, kunye nokungcola kokwakha.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuphendula zonke iindawo zokulahla ezilifa ezilifa ngokusebenzisa ibhaybhuli kunye nokugquma.
  • Ulawulo lwenkunkuma olukhuselekileyo olukhuselekileyo kwimimandla yasedolophini, kuquka udibaniso lomda wokungcola kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Iphulo lokuguqula iprojekthi lijolise kwizikolo, iikholeji, kunye nemibutho yolutsha enezixhobo zamanani kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano.
  • Isixeko esikhululekileyo esikwisikhundla esiphezulu (imilinganiselo yenkwenkwezi) kunye ne-ODF++/Ukwamka-+ iziqinisekiso zokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluqhubekayo.

Impumelelo epheleleyo yemisebenzi iza kuxhomekeka ekundulukeni “kulwakhiwo nasekuvakaliseni” ingqondo eqinileyo ukuya kumgangatho ozinzileyo wesithethe sika-”. Oku kufuna ukuba ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni, ubunikazi babemi balapho, kunye nokunxulumana namanye amaqhinga okuphuhlisa njengezindlu, ukubonelela ngamanzi, kunye ne-inshorensi yezempilo. I-Crucily, i-Swachh Bharat Mission kufuneka ingabi yinkqubo karhulumente nje kuphela kodwa umbutho wasekuhlaleni osekelwe ngokusisigxina kubomi bamaIndiya.

Isiphelo: Utshintsho Olusisiseko Kuphawu Olusebukweni

I-Swachh Bharat Mission iguqule ulwalamano phakathi kommi wase-Indiya kunye nendawo yakhe engqongileyo. Oku kwaqala njengendlela ephezulu yokuqhuba izibonelelo kuguqukele kuvuso oluphangaleleyo loluntu. Izitrato ezicocekileyo, izindlu zangasese, kunye nenkunkuma engekho mgangathweni azisafani nomgangatho okhethekileyo – zilindelekile. Izikolo zibhiyozela i-Swachhalatatata (ucoceko), iiveki ezidibanisa abamelwane ziqhuba ucocelo oluthe rhoqo, kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni yasekuhlaleni ikhuphisana ngokucacileyo ngenxa ye-Swachh Surveks. Umsebenzi owenziwe ngomnyaka eli-10 lamawaka engamawaka ezigidi zoqoqo bezococelo, zidala izigidi zemisebenzi yokucoca, ukuvelisa inkunkuma, ukuvelisa iimpahla zendlu zangasese, nokuvelisa izindlu zezindlu zangasese.

Indlela inde, kwaye imingeni emininzi ihleli – ingakumbi kutshintsho lokuziphatha oluxhasayo phakathi kwe 5-10% yokugqibela yabemi kwaye ekulawuleni ngokukhuselekileyo imfucumfucu enkulu ebangelwa kukukhula kwezoqoqosho. Kodwa i-Swachh Bharat Mission ingumzekelo obalaseleyo wokubonakalisa ukuba inyathelo likarhulumente elinemabhongo, lidibene nokuthathi-nxaxheba koluntu, lingazisa utshintsho olutshintshayo. Kubomi bamaIndiya, iye yasungula isithethe esitsha: okokuba ucoceko asingoxanduva lwabakhukulisi nabasebenzi bomasipala kuphela, kodwa kwabami bonke.

Kunjengokuba uMahatma Gandhi watsho ngodumo, “Ukudumisa kubaluleke kakhulu kunozimeleyo." ISwachh Bharat Mission iye yathatha loo nyaniso kwintetho ebalaseleyo ikhokelela kwinyaniso ekhoyo kumakhulu ezigidi zabantu.

Ongezelelweyo Oovimba

  • [[UMTH: 0] Umkhosi womsebenzi osemthethweni wobuBherhathiji
  • Ibhanki yomhlaba wonke: Iinzuzo zempilo yoMsebenzi we-Swachh Bharat [
  • IIndiya: Ukwethula kunye ne-Swachh Bharat Mission
  • [[Umthetho:0] IGosa leIndiya: I-swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 Ushwankathelo