Ukwazisa

Imimiselo yemithetho ecwangcisiweyo ngamacandelo emithetho ephelisa ngokuzenzekelayo umthetho okanye ummiselo emva komhla ochaziweyo ngaphandle kokuba abalawuli bomthetho bayavuma bawuhlaziya. Ezi nkqubo zokwehla zixhaphakileyo zisebenza njengezixhobo zolawulo lowiso-mthetho, ingqeqesho yemithetho, kunye nolawulo olulungelelanisiweyo. Ngokunyanzela ukukhutshwa kwakhona, ukutshona kwelanga ngokwesiqhelo kujolise ekuthinteni imithetho ephelelwe lixesha okanye engasebenziyo ekuzingiseni ngokungapheliyo. Noko ke, ukwenziwa kwazo kwakhona kuphakamisa imibuzo ngemiqathango yezopolitiko, imithwalo yolawulo, kunye nokuqhubekeka kwenkqubo. Eli nqaku lihlola abakhankanyisi, iinzuzo, imingeni, imingeni, kunye nezenzo yokwenene yexesha lokutshona kwelanga, ukuzoba kwimizekelo ephawulekayo evela kumazwe aseMelika nakwamanye amazwe.

Ukuqonda Iiplastiki Ezibizwa Ngokuthi Claus

Umgaqo wokutshona kwelanga lilungiselelo elisemthethweni elimisela umhla wokuphelelwa kwesiphelo somthetho okanye umthetho. Igalelo lingabotshelelwa kumhla othile wekhalenda . Njengeminyaka emihlanu emva kokumiswa kwesiganeko, njengokutshintsha kobugcisa okanye ukugqitywa komhla. Xa ixesha lifika, umthetho uphelelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokuba indlu yowiso-mthetho idlulise umthetho omtsha ukuqulunqa, ukuqulunqa, okanye ukwandisa. Le nkqubo imikhosi yabenzi bomthetho ukuphinda inike imilinganiselo yomthetho nokukhetha ngabom ngokuhambela phambili kwayo.

Ingcamango yamabinzana okutshona kwelanga inemvelaphi kumthetho wamandulo wamaRoma, apho ezinye iimpepha zokwexeshana ziquka imihla yokuphelelwa kwexesha. Ukusetyenziswa kwangoku okufunyenweyo eUnited States ebudeni boo1970 njengenxalenye yemigudu yotshintsho karhulumente. IColorado Sunset Law idla ngokukhankanywa njengomzekelo wokuqala, ifuna uhlolo lwamaqumrhu nebhodi zikarhulumente. Namhlanje, ukutshona kwelanga kuvela kumthetho karhulumente nakurhulumente kwimimandla emininzi, kuquka ukhuseleko lohlanga, intlalo-ntle, irhafuthelo, kunye nomthetho wemeko-bume.

Amacandelo angena emgceni ahlukile kwezinye iindlela zokuhlola uwiso-mthetho, ezifana nokuxela iimfuno ezinyanzelekileyo okanye ukusika kwemali ezenzekelayo. Ngokungafaniyo nengxelo exelela iKhonkxa, ukutshona kwelanga kudala ixesha elipheleleyo elifuna ukuhlaziywa kwemeko--ntshayelelo/ukupheliswa kwemiqathango. Oku kunika izigaba ezithe kratya zokutshona kwelanga ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ayiqhubeki ngaphandle kobulungisa.

Injongo Nendlela Yokuqalisa Ukudada Kwelanga

Abenzi bomthetho bafaka amacandelo okutshona kwelanga kumthetho ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela ezidityanisiweyo. Ngasezantsi kukho iinjongo eziphambili ezifezwa ngala malungiselelo.

Ukukhuthaza ukuphendula

Amadoda asebenza ngegunya aphinda angene ezigqibeni zawo aze athethelele ukuqhubeka komthetho. Olu hlolo lwezihlandlo amagosa anyuliweyo kunye namaqumrhu amiselwe ukuphunyezwa komthetho. Ngaphandle kocwangciso olunjalo, iinkqubo zinokuqiniswa nanokuba ayisaluphumeleli usukelo lwawo lwangaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, amalungiselelo okutshona kwelanga aye afuna iBhunga ukuba lixubushe izihlandlo ezininzi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni liphakanyiswe uphando lukawonke-wonke kunye notshintsho lomthetho.

Ukubhetyebhetye Nokuzivumelanisa Nezinto

Imithetho engaphoswanga isenokusilela ukugcina isantya kunye neemeko ezijikelezayo. Icandelo lokutshona kwelanga linika ingongoma yendalo yokuhlola kwakhona, ukuvumela abenzi benkqubo ukuba baquke ugcino-lwazi olutsha, utshintsho lobugcisa, okanye ukutshintsha-tshintsha koluvo lukawonke-wonke. Oku kubhetyebhetye kubaluleke kakhulu kumasimi ajikeleza ngokukhawuleza njenge-ibhrashi, i-tem-mportssion, kunye nempilo kawonke-wonke wonke, apho imimiselo ekhawulezileyo iphelelwa.

Ukukhuthaza Intembelo Kuwonke Wonke

Xa abemi besazi ukuba umthetho uza kuphelelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokuba uhlaziyekile, banokuba nentembelo engakumbi yokuba urhulumente akanyanzelisi iinkqubo ezisisigxina ngaphandle kolawulo. Ukumisela imiqathango yokubophelela ulawulo olusekelwe kubungqina kwaye kunciphisa ingqiqo yokuphamba abalawuli abangagqibekanga. Oku kusenokuba baluleke ngakumbi kumanyathelo aphikisanayo, afana namandla ongxamiseko okanye iinkqubo zokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi.

Ukuhlisa ubunzima bomthetho obufileyo

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kuqokelelwa imithetho. Izigaba ezininzi ziyaphelelwa lixesha, zikhuphelwa, okanye ziphikisane. Ukubekwa kwamacandelo okuphuma kwelanga kwenza inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokucoca indlu, kunyanzelisa abamisi-mthetho namaqumrhu ukuba baqwalasele ukuba umthetho ngamnye usasebenza kusini na. Oku kunokudibanisa imigaqo esemthethweni kuze kunciphise ukudideka kwabemi namashishini ngokufanayo.

Iingenelo Zokuzalisa Iiplasma Zokukhanya Kwelanga

Xa zenziwe zaza zaphunyezwa kakuhle, iingxelo ezithetha ngokutshona kwelanga zinikela iingenelo eziliqela eziphathekayo:

Impinda yoMthetho eQhelekileyo

Amacandelo acwangcisiweyo ecandelo lelanga acwangcisa umjikelo wohlolo. Endaweni yokuthembela kuvavanyo lwe-hoc okanye kutshintsho oludityanisiweyo lwemeko yamanqam, iintlawulo zowiso-mthetho zinyanzelekile ukuvavanya imithetho ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo. Olu ngqwalasela luthe rhoqo lungavela ngaphakathi, iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga, okanye ukutshintsha kweemfuno ezinokuthi zingabonwa.

Ingxoxo Ekhuthaza Uluntu

Ukusondela kwexesha lokutshona kwelanga kudla ngokubangela ukuba kubekho ijelo leendaba kunye nomdla kuwonke-wonke, kudala impikiswano ebanzi ngeziphumo zomthetho. Amaqela omthetho, izifundiswa, kunye namashishini achaphazelekayo asenokuba nendima enzima, anike abamisi-mthetho ukuqonda okutyebileyo ngempembelelo yokwenene yehlabathi. Le nkqubo yokwahlula umthetho ingenza bhetele ngakumbi ukukhethwa komsebenzi kwakhona.

Ukukhusela Ulawulo

Ngaphandle kwemiqathango yokutshona kwelanga, abameli nezindlu zowiso-mthetho banokuba nentshukumisa encinane yokuphinda bajonge imithetho emidala. Abalawuli bomsebenzi we-ofisi bayakwazi ukugcina iinkqubo ziqhubeka ixesha elide emva kokuba isiqu sazo siphelelwe.

Ukuzinziswa koMgaqo-nkqubo

Ukwazi ukuba umthetho uza kujongwa kwixa elizayo, abamisi-mthetho bangakulungela ngakumbi ukulinga iindlela ezintsha. Bangaquka iinkqubo zomqhubi okanye amanyathelo okwexeshana anokuba sengozini engakumbi ukuba anokugcinwa. Igalelo lokutshona kwelanga liqinisekisa ukuba ukuba uvavanyo alunakuphumelela, aluyi kuhlala ngonaphakade.

Ucelomngeni Neziphendu Zokutshona Kwelanga

Nangona ziluncedo, iingxelo zokutshona kwelanga zikho iingxaki. Abahlalutyi bathetha ngeemeko eziliqela ezisenokuba zikho ezimele ziqwalaselwe ngabenzi bomthetho.

Ukuchasa Kwezobupolitika Nengcamango Yomdlalo

Ii-asethi ezisetyenziswa ekuphumeni kwelanga zingaba zii-chip ekuthetheni ngezopolitiko. Bambi abanikeli bomthetho bangawuvumela ngabom umthetho ukuba uphele ukuze bathintele inkqubo abayichasayo, nokuba isasebenza kakuhle. Ngokuchasene noko, umthetho onenkxaso ebanzi oqhelekileyo ungajongana neemfazwe zokufumana imvume ezingeyomfuneko ezithabatha ixesha lowiso-mthetho namandla. Ukuvela kokungena kolawulo kunyuka xa ukutshona kwelanga kudibana nemijikelo yokwahlulwano okanye unyulo.

Umthwalo Wolawulo

Uhlolo oluthe rhoqo lufuna ubuncwane obuninzi kwiikomiti zowiso-mthetho, abasebenzi, abameli, namaqela olawulo. Ukutyunjwa kwamava, ukuqokelela ubungqina, ukuvelisa iingxelo, nokulungisa iindleko zokuphinda kuqulunqwa kunokubangela uxinzelelo kumalungu, ingakumbi kwiindlu zowiso-mthetho ezincinane. Ukuba imithetho emininzi kakhulu ineengxelo zokutshona kwelanga, inkqubo yokuhlola inokuba nzulu okanye ibhityekile.

Ukungaguqu-guquki Komgaqo-nkqubo Nokungaqiniseki

Ukuphinda kuqulunqwe rhoqo kungadala i-DEC. Amashishini nabantu abaxhomekeke kuzinzo lomthetho bangajongana nokungaqiniseki ukuba akuqiniseki ukuba uphele. Umzekelo, ityala lerhafu elithi ukutshona kwelanga rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa lenze kube nzima ukucwangcisa ixesha elide. Abenzi bomthetho bangenza utshintsho oluguquguqukayo sihlandlo ngasinye, nto leyo ekhokelela kwintabalala yamalungiselelo ekunzima ukuwasebenzisa.

Anokusetyenziswa Kwimizimba Engakhange Ihlolwe

Kwimimiselo yowiso-mthetho exakekileyo, umthetho ungaphelelwa ngokungazi ngenxa yokuba abaququzeleli bomthetho bengayigqibi inkqubo yokuqulunqwa kwakhona ngaphambi kwexesha. Oku kunokuphazamisa iinkonzo eziyimfuneko, ukhuseleko olungenanto olusemthethweni, okanye kubangele izithuba zokulawula. Ngoxa iziphene ezinjalo zidla ngokuba zezokwexeshana, zinokubangela umonakalo wokwenene nokuphelisa ukuthembana kwinkqubo yolawulo.

Umngcipheko wokuphepha ulawulo

Ingxamiseko okanye amaqela enzala angazama ukuphepha iimfuno zokutshona kwelanga ngokuphinda abhale iinkqubo ngotshintsho oluncinci okanye ngokuzifaka kumthetho oza kudluliswa. Oku kunganciphisa iziphumo ezicetyiweyo zobuveleli nokuqhubekisa iinkqubo ezingaphumiyo ngaphandle kokuziqwalasela ngokunentsingiselo.

Imizekelo Ebalaseleyo Yeeplasma Ezinelanga Kumthetho

Iingxelo ezisetyenziswa ngamacandelo okuphuma kwelanga zisetyenziswe kwimo-mongo eninzi. Ngezantsi kukho eminye imizekelo engundoqo evela eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe.

USA PATRIOT Act (2001)

Emva kohlaselo lwe-septemba 11, iKhomishini yakhawuleza yadlulisela uMthetho we-USA PATRIOT, inika amagosa aphangaleleyo omthetho kunye namaqumrhu anezintlu-lwazi. Amaninzi amalungiselelo ayo aphikisanayo ````Icandelo 215'' (iingxelo zeshishini), iCandelo lama-206 (iiinqanawa ezihamba ngeentambo), kunye nelungiselelo elilodwa lengcuka-enja (iquka ii-indawo zokuhamba). Le ngqungquthela yanyanzela ukuba ithethe ngokuphicotha nokuquluzela amalungiselelo ngo-ntlalo lwamazwe ngo-20059, 2009, kunye no-2015. Ingxoxo edityaniselwano-mali engundoqo ikhokelela ekuhlazisweni koMthetho we-USA INTERSCOS ngo-NT, eyaphela ukuqokelelwa kwemithetho-m. Ukutshona kwelanga kwakuyimfuneko ekudale incokola ulungele ukumathelana kweminxeba phakathi kokhuseleko lwesizwe.

Uncedo Lokwexeshana Kwiintsapho Ezisweleyo (TanF)

Inkqubo yeTANF, edalwe ngumthetho wolungiso lwentlalo-ntle yowe-1996, iquka igalelo lokutshona kwelanga elifuna ukuphinda kubhaliswe kwakhona ngamaxesha athile. Ekuqaleni ibloko ezisisigxina ezinikezelweyo kumazwe, i-TANF inyuswe amaxesha amaninzi kumlinganiselo omfutshane wokumisa i-grain kunye nokuphinda kubhalwe kwakhona. Ilungiselelo lokutshona kwelanga liqinisekisa ukuba iNgqungquthela imigaqo-ethe-enzalisekile kwintlalo-ntle, inkcazonganiso yemali, kunye nomvanyolelo lombuso. Noko ke, abagxeki baphawula ukuba ukungaqiniseki okusuka kwimiba eliphindaphindiweyo kuyenze kube nzima ukucwangcisa imigaqo yabo echasene ne-ampfi.

Imiyalelo Yokhuseleko Yokwexeshana Yomanyano LwaseYurophu

Xa iRashiya yahlasela i-Ukraine ngowama-2022, i-European Union yavelisa i-DareFrective yayo yexeshana Isikhokelo okwesihlandlo sokuqala. Le miyalelo iquka icandelo lokutshona kwelanga: ekuqaleni lithatha unyaka omnye kodwa linokonyuswa liBhunga iminyaka emithathu iyonke. Amazwe anyanzelekile ukuba ajonge imfuneko eqhubekayo yokhuseleko kwaye avumelane nakongezelelwa. Le nkqubo ifaka izibophelelo zokunceda abantu nxamnye nohlobo lokwexeshana lomyalelo.

Umthetho Owothu Othi Tsha WaseKhalifoniya

I- “Sithathu soKwaphula Umthetho, Uwuphumele u-”, wadluliselwa ngo-1994, wamiselwa izigwebo zobomi kwiinkolelo zetyala lesithathu. Umthetho wawuquka ilungiselelo lokutshona kwelanga elalifuna uhlolo-hlolo lweexesha. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ubungqina bokugwetywa ngokungenakulinganiswa nokuxinana kweentolongo bakhokelela ekukhaleleni kukawonke-wonke nasekuvuselweni kwemithetho. Ngo-2012, abavoti baseKhalifoniya bavumela ukubekwa komthetho, kwaza kwafuna inyathelo lesithathu lokuba kube luhlaselo olunzulu okanye olunogonyamelo. Ukutshona kokutshona kwelanga akuzange kubangele utshintsho oluthe ngqo, kodwa kwabangela ithuba lokuphinda kuhlaziswe kwakhona kotshintsho.

Irhafu yasendle Igawulwe (2001, 2003)

Ukuthobela imithetho yoqingqo-mali kunye nokulinganisela igalelo loMthendeleko noNcedo lwezeMali noNcedo loMsebenzi kunye noMthetho woKhuselo lweNcedo lweTshayina noMsebenzi noMsebenzi Woncedo Loncedo lweTshayina ka-2003, kwakuquka izigwebo ezicwangcisiweyo ukuba ziphele ekupheleni konyaka ka-2010. Oku kutshona kwelanga yayilicebo eliyele ngabom ukucutha indleko ecingelwa ukuba lide lexesha lokugawula. Ukuphelelwa kwemeko yabangela impikiswano enzulu kwaye ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ekulalaneni koMnyango weTshayi-mthetho, i-Inshowerst Incowation Reacediation, kunye noMthetho weSidalwa owenziwe iminyaka emibini, olandelwa nguMthetho wokuLayilwa kwe-Msebenzi weSingqwenga ka-X. Oku kwenziwa uninzi kwemivuzo ezisileyo ezifumana imali ezikhoyo ezikhoyo eziphezulu xa kunyuka ukuzuza ingeniso.

Uphando lwetyala: Kuhlalutyo lwe-Dpeth

Uhlolisiso lwamatyala amabini lubonisa imiphumo ecacileyo yemitya yokutshona kwelanga.

Umthetho we-USA Othiwa PTRIOT noMthetho weNkululeko we-USA

Amalungiselelo okutshona kwelanga kwi-PATRIOT Awunyanzelisa amadabi amahlanu amakhulu okuququzelela ukuqulunqwa kwakhona phakathi konyaka ka-2005 nowama-2020. Umjikelo ngamnye ubandakanya ukuqokelelwa kwezaphula-ndlebe, iingxoxo zomgangatho, kunye nokulungiswa kweCandelo. Ngo- 2015, ukupheliswa kweCandelo 215 kwakhokelela kwintlanganiso enqabileyo yoMgqibelo yeNdlundlu-NQuento kunye nokuphelelwa kwegunya okufutshane, apho i-NSA kwafuneka ukuba inqande imisebenzi ethile yokuhlola. USA ebangelwa yi-USA I-ES yaphelisa ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi oluninzi kunye nomlinganiselo wokubonisa ukubonakala. Ngaphandle koxinzelelo olunentsingiselo lungachaphazeleki kwimisebenzi yezopolitiko. Kodwa oku kuxhomekeke kwizixhobo zokusebenza kwe-Propolitiki.

UMthetho Wamapolisa Omanyeneyo EJamani (Umthetho Wepolizegizetz)

IJamani iye yasebenzisa amabinzana okutshona kwelanga kwimithetho emininzi yokhuseleko. Ngo-2018, umthetho omtsha wamapolisa wasekuhlaleni waquka igalelo lokutshona kwelanga elifuna ukuxilongwa nokuqulunqwa kwakhona emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Lo mthetho wandisa ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kunye nokuxilongwa kophawu. Ilungiselelo lokutshona kwelanga longezelelwe yindlu yowiso-mthetho ukuqinisekisa ukuba amagunya anwebekileyo awazange ahlale engekho nasisigxina ngaphandle kobungqina bokusebenza nokuthobela amalungelo omgaqo-siseko. Le nkqubo yokuhlola iyaqhubeka kwaye ibandakanya abaphandi bemfundo, abaxhasi bobucala, namagosa amapolisa. Lo mzekelo ubalaselw'ubungqina bokuhlola ukutshona kwelanga, kuveliswa kwengxelo, kudala ummiselo wokuhlola inkqubo esekelwe kwimigaqo.

Uyilo lobuGawulayo oluqwalaselwayo kucwangciso olunempumelelo lwelanga

Ukuze bakhulise inzuzo kwaye banciphise iziphumo, abaqulunqi bomthetho bafanele baqwalasele iimpawu eziliqela zoyilo xa belungisa iingxelo zokutshona kwelanga.

Ixesha Elifanelekileyo

Ixesha lokutshona kwelanga kufuneka lingqinelane nendalo yenkqubo. Imithetho ethetha ngobugcisa obutshintsha ngokukhawuleza okanye oongxamiseko bokwexeshana ingafuna ukutshona kwelanga okufutshane (iminyaka engama-8-3), ngelixa utshintsho lokwakha okanye iinkqubo ezigunyazisayo zingasebenzisa ixesha elide (iminyaka eyi-5-10). Ukufutshane kakhulu ngexesha lonyaka kunokubangela ukungazinzi; ixesha elide kakhulu lithoba injongo yokutshona kwelanga.

Ukuqalisa Umatshini

Imitya yokucwangcisa ilanga ingasekelwe kumhla okanye idityaniswe kwisiganeko esithile, njengokugqitywa kwesifundo, utshintsho kuqingqo-mali, okanye ukufumana ulawulo. Izizathu ezisekelwe kwiziganeko zingacwangcisa uphelelo ngencopho yekonkrithi, kodwa zisenokuba nzima ukuqinisekisa kwaye zingalibaziseka.

Iimpinda ezizenzekelayo zoHlelo ngokuphikisana. Ukubuyiselwa kwakhona okuzenzekelayo

Eminye imimiselo iquka “uhlolo olungacwangciswanga” inkqubo apho umbutho okanye ugunyaziso uvavanya umthetho kunye neengxelo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho phambi kokuphelelwa kwesiphelo. Eminye iphela ngaphandle kokuba iphinde ivunyelwe. Ukudibanisa uhlolo olucwangcisiweyo nomhla wokutshona kwelanga kuphucula ukwenziwa kwesigqibo sobungqina. Imithetho embalwa iquka ilungiselelo elizenzekelayo xa iimeko ezithile zihlangatyezwana, kodwa oku kunokukwenza buthathaka uphatho.

Izibonelelo ezigqithisiweyo

Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka, ukutshona kwelanga kungaquka amaxesha okutshintsha okanye amacandelo. Umzekelo, umthetho ungaphela ekupheleni konyaka ophakathi kunokuba unikezele amaqumrhu kunye neengenelo zolungelelwano. Ngokufanayo, imithetho echaphazela izivumelwano ezikhoyo okanye iingenelo isenokuquka izigaba zikatatomkhulu.

Ukoyisa Imiqobo Yezobupolitika

Ukunciphisa ubungozi bongcakaza kwezobupolitika, abamisi-mthetho bangafuna iivoti ezinkulu zokuhlaziya, okanye bangagunyazisa ukuba ukuphinda ugunyaziseke phambi komhla othile okanye umthetho ozenzekelayo uphunyezwe. Imithetho enjalo ifaka ulwahlulo kwaye yenza umsebenzi ofike ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Noko ke, bangayiphazamisa inkqubo ukuba imvume ayifumaneki.

Imbono Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngelanga KaClaus

Amazwe amaninzi aye asebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo.

CanadaName

Imfuno zohlolo lwemithetho yeKhanada zibekwe kwimithetho emininzi engundoqo. UMthetho we-Emermentary uquka ukuphela okwakhelwe ngaphakathi emva kweentsuku ezingama-30 ngaphandle kokuba iPalamente ivumile ukuqhubekeka. Ngokufanayo, uKhuseleko loLwazi lweKhanada lokuHlanganisa iKhawuphisana kufuneka luphindwe rhoqo kwiminyaka emihlanu. IKhanada ikwasebenzisa iingxelo zokutshona kwelanga ngokwemiqathango ethile yexeshana, njengaleyo inxulumene ne-COVID-19.

I-Australia

Umthetho we-Australia wequke namalungiselelo okutshona kwelanga kwimimiselo emininzi. UMthetho weTetransferne (Indawo kunye ne-access) unoMthetho wokutshona kwelanga onamagunya athile ogcino-lwazi. IKhomishini yoHlaziyo yoMthetho we-Australia incomele ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwamabinzana okulwa nokungena kwemithetho.

I-United Kingdom

I-UK isebenzise amabinzana okutshona kwelanga kumthetho wexesha likaxakeka ngexesha lesifo se-COVOID-19. UMthetho we-Coronavirus 2020 uquka uxwebhu oluthatha inyanga ezintandathu lokuphelelwa kwesiphelo, olufuna ulwandiso oluphindaphindiweyo yiPalamente. “Amagunya eHenry VIII” kuloo nto aye aphinda enziwe ngexesha elimiselweyo. Kutshanje, iposi-Brhit egciniweyo umthetho we-EU wamiselwa okokuqala ekutshoneni kwelanga ekupheleni konyaka wama-2023 phantsi koMthetho we-EU (isicelo notshintsho) nangona urhulumente kamva wandisa ixesha.

Ikamva LikaClaus Owehla Ngelanga

Njengokuba ulawulo luba luntsokothile kwaye lungakhawulezi, amacandelo okutshona kwelanga anokuba ayimfuneko kakhulu. Abanye ababukeli baxhasa ukusetyenziswa okungakumbi kokuhlola ukutshona kwelanga kuzo zonke iikhowudi zolawulo, ezifana “nenyathelo lokunciphisa iteyipu". Abanye balumkisa ukuba ukuphelelwa okuzenzekelayo kungasetyenziswa kakubi ngenxa yeenjongo zokwahlula okanye ukukhokelela kwimiqathango yokubetha. Iindlela zokuqhaqhazelisa amacala.

  • Imithetho yeSunts: iquka uhlolo olubangela uhlolo olusekelwe kwimilingo yokwenza kunokuba lube yimihla emisiweyo, ivumela ukuphela kwexesha xa umthetho ungasebenzi kunokuba ube omdala.
  • Imodeli zeHybrid: Idibanisa iingxelo zokutshona kwelanga kunye neenkomfa ezizimeleyo zokuhlola eziveziweyo zengxelo ezigunyazisiweyo, inika abamisi-mthetho ulwazi phambi kokuba bavote ngokutsha kwakhona.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ilanga elikwi-Digital: Isebenzisa ugcino-lwazi ukulandelela impumelelo yowiso-mthetho nokwazisa abenzi bomthetho xa umthetho usondela ekupheleni, unceda uhlolo olunobuchule.

Kwixesha lotshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwezobugcisa, ukutshintsha kwemeko-bume, kunye nokufuna okukhulayo kokubonakala, amacandelo okutshona kwelanga anikela indlela emiselweyo yokugcina umthetho usebenza kwaye umele uphendule. Noko ke, impumelelo yawo ekugqibeleni ixhomekeke kwimpucuko yezopolitiko abasebenza kuyo kunye nokuvuma kwabenzi bomthetho ukuwasebenzisa njengezixhobo zobuveleli zokwenene kunokuba asebenzise amasiko acwangciselwe ukuwalawula.

Isiphelo

Imimiselo emiselwe ilanga ingumthetho obalulekileyo woyilo lwemithetho yanamhlanje, inika ubuchule bokuphendula, bobubhetyebhetye, kunye nokuthemba uluntu. Banyanzela ukukhutshwa kwakhona kwemithetho ngamaxesha athile enokuthi iqhubeke ngokungenasiphelo, ikhuthaza ulungiso olusekelwe kubungqina kunye nokuncitshiswa kolawulo. Imizekelo ye-USA PATRIOTTTT Act, TANF, kunye nemiyalelo yaseYurophu ibonisa konke okunokwenzeka kunye nemigibe yala yale miqathango. Iingxaki ezifana nokuchasa kwezobupolitika, imithwalo yolawulo, kunye nokungaqiniseki kwemithetho kufuna ukwenziwa ngobuchule kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Xa kusenziwa ngobuchule, imimiselo yokulawula ukutshona kwelanga isenokunyusa ulawulo lwedemokhrasi ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala isebenza, isebenza, ifanelekile, kwaye ifanelekile. Njengoko imigaqo-mthetho-siseko solawulo-mhlaba jikelele nokuhamba nokutshona, ukutshona kwendlela yokutshona kwelanga, iya kuhlala kuhlala kusemtyaneno ke oko kulungele ukulungele ukulungelelaniswa.