Kule nkathi yamanani yanamhlanje, ingcamango yokuzimela wedwa ivele ngendlela ephawulekayo. Ngokuhambela phambili ngokukhawuleza kobugcisa, indlela ulwazi lobuqu oluqokelelwa ngayo, lugcinwe, lusetyenziswa ngayo iye yaphakamisa inkxalabo ebalulekileyo ngamalungelo omntu ngawedwa. Ukwanda kwee-cellphone, amaqonga e-weternet, kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-intanethi luthetha ukuba phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi banamhlanje zishiya umlinganiselo wamanani. Eli nqaku lihlola ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kwamalungelo obuqu kwixesha elichazwa ngokuhlola kwamanani, ukutshona kwemithetho esemthethweni, iziphumo ezinxulumene nentlalo-ntle, kunye namanyathelo asebenzayo ekukhuseleni ugcino-lwazi lobuqu.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Emfihlelo

Amalungelo abantu asisiseko akhusela abantu ekungeneleni okungekho mthethweni kubomi babo, imizimba, kunye nogcino-lwazi. La malungelo akhutshelwe kwiGatya 12 leSibhengezo somhlaba wonke samaLungelo Oluntu, esithi "akukho mntu oya kugxampwaniswa ngokungekho mthethweni, nentsapho, nasekhaya okanye nobuchule bakhe." Le ngcamango inemvelaphi enzulu yentanda-ntanda-bulumko, ibuyela kwiinkcubeko ezifana noJohn Locke, owathi wathethelela ilungelo lendalo kwimpahla ``iquka umntu womntu ngamnye novimba wakhe ovela kuye.

Amalungelo obumfihlo aquka imilinganiso emininzi yesitshixo:

  • Ilungelo lokhuseleko kunxibelelwano – Ulindelo lokuba umnxeba, ii-imeyili, nemiyalezo zihlale ziyimfihlo ngaphandle kolungiso olusemthethweni lokunqanda.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ekunene ukulawula ulwazi lobuqu – Ubuchule bokugqiba ukuba ngubani oqokelela, oyisebenzisayo, nowabelana ngogcino-lwazi ngawe, kuquka iingxelo zempilo, iinkcukacha zemali, kunye nembali yendawo.
  • Ekunene mayilityelwe [ - Ilungelo lokucinywa ugcino-lwazi lobuqu xa ingasafuneki kwinjongo eqokeleliweyo, okanye xa umntu erhoxa kwimvume.

La malungelo akaphelelanga; kufuneka alungelelaniswe nezinye izilangazelelo zoluntu njengokhuseleko lwesizwe nempilo kawonke-wonke. Noko ke, umgaqo osisiseko uyaqhubeka wokuba abantu bafanele babe nommandla wokuzilawula ngaphandle kokujongwa.

Ukwanda Kwenani Lamanani

Ulawulo lwamanani luye lwanda yaye lubonakala kakhulu. Ngoku oorhulumente neenkampani zijonga imisebenzi ye-intanethi ngendlela engathethekiyo.

Iinkqubo zoMkhuphiswano kaRhulumente

Emva kohlaselo lwe-septemba 11, amazwe amaninzi andisa amandla awo okuhlola. I-Arhente yoKhuseleko yeSizwe sase-U.S. i-U.S. yasungula iinkqubo zokuqokelela ugcino-lwazi oluninzi phantsi kweCandelo 215 loMthetho wePatriot, etyhilwe ngumcuphi wempempe uEdward Snowden ngo-2013. Ezi nkqubo ziqokelela imetam kwifowuni kunye ne-Internet yonxibelelwano lwezigidi zabemi abaqhelekileyo, hayi nje amaxhoba ophando. Iinkqubo ezifanayo zikho kwi-UK (Temporal), eTshayinal (inkqubo yemali), neRashiya (inkqubo yetyala), isoloko iphikisana ne-Rhostrivelism, kodwa ulungiso lusoloko luphikisana no-Rheast, kodwa unxulumano olugqithisyo olufunekayo nolwanolwano.

Iindlela zoqokelelo logcino-lwazi lomgangatho

Iinkampani zobugcisa zifumana ingeniso ekufumaneni i-data yomsebenzisi. I-Platforms enjenge-Google, Meta (Incwadi), kunye nohlobo lomntu osetyenziswayo kwi-Amazon kumacala e-website, ii-apps, kwanangaphandle kwe-intanethi yokuthengwa. imodeli yobukhapitali, imodeli, intetho eyaveliswa ngunjingalwazi we-Harvard Shoshana Zuboff, ichaza indlela iinkampani eziqokelela nokuhlalutya ngayo iinkcukacha zobuqu ukuze zichazele kwaye ziphembele ukuziphatha kwabantu. Izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ukuqokelela ulwazi oluneyo olunokwahlulwayo kumacala amathathu.

Uphando lwezixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye nobume bendalo

Amaqonga ezentlalo-ntle akhuthaza ukuba kuhlale kusenziwa ulwabelano, ukuguqula amaxesha obuxhakaxhaka bobuso abe ziindawo zikawonke-wonke. Okwangoku, ubugcisa bokwazisa ubuso, obuthunyelwa kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ngomthetho nangabathengi, bubangela ukuba kubonwe ngaphandle kwemvume. Iinkampani ezifana ne-Claview AI zalahla amawaka ezigidi zemifanekiso ekwi-media yoluntu ukuze zakhe ugcino-lwazi olubonakalayo oluthengiselwa amaqumrhu amapolisa, luphakamisa imicimbi yobuqu nemicimbi yenkululeko yasekuhlaleni.

Impembelelo kuluntu

Ukuxilonga okukhoyo ngomatshini kubangela ukuba kubekho intlalo enzulu engaphaya kobunzima obubangelwa ngabantu ngabanye.

Imiphumo Echukumisayo Kwintetho Nentetho Ekhululekileyo

Xa abantu bekholelwa ukuba uthungelwano lwabo luhlolwe, bazibiza. Uhlolisiso lwama-2021 lweZiko lophando lwasePew lwafumanisa ukuba ama-38% abantu baseMerika athi ayakuphepha ukuxubusha ngemibandela ethile kwi-intanethi ngenxa yenkxalabo yokuba urhulumente okanye iinkampani ziyayibukela. Le isiphumo esihlaselayo [[ ilulaza intetho yedemokhrasi kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. IDissidenti, iintatheli, kunye nabaxhasi bemiqathango kwimitho ethile ejongeneenobungozi: izixhobo zokuhlola ezinikezelwe zimaqela afana neNSO Group (Pesus propealsareawer) zisetyenziswe ekujoliseni amalungelo abantu kunye neentatheli.

Impembelelo Ekungavumelani Nezobupolitika

Ukuhamba-hamba kwelizwe kungayicinezela inkcaso yezopolitiko. EHong Kong, uMthetho woKhuseleko lweSizwe udibene nokulandelela kwamanani kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho intetho ye-prodemocracy. EUnited States, urhulumente uye wasebenzisa imvume yokulawula umhlaba ukuchonga abathathi-nxaxheba ekuvukeleni, njenge 2020 Black Lives Matter imiboniso. Ukwenzeka nje kokufunyanwa kogcino-lwazi lukarhulumente kuthintela abaninzi ekusebenziseni amalungelo abo omgaqo-siseko.

Imiphumo Kuluntu Olungavunyelwanga Luyibone

Imimandla esele ijongene nocalucalulo yenziwa kakubi ngokugqithisileyo. Ii-algorithm zobupolisa, ezidla ngokufakwa iinkcukacha zembali ezicalucalulweyo, zinikela ingqalelo kuluntu oluhlala abantu abambalwa. Ukukhathazeka okubangelwa kukungavumelani nogcino-lwazi neenkonzo zezentlalo yabantu. Activs nabaphengululi baphikisa ngelithi ukujongwa kwabantu abachaphazelekayo njengesixhobo sokuhlasela abo bachanabekekileyo.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Esemthethweni Ekhusela Amalungelo Emfihlo

Zikho iinkqubo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezisemthethweni zokukhusela amalungelo obuqu, ukusuka kwizivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe ukuya kwimithetho yesizwe ebanzi. Ezi zicwangciso zijolise ekumiseleni imilinganiselo yokukhusela ugcino-lwazi nokuqinisekisa ukuba kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuba kuhlangatyezwana namaqumrhu aqokelela inkcazelo yobuqu.

Ugcino-lwazi jikelele lokukhusela ummiselo (GDPR)

I-GDPR ye-European Union, esebenzayo ngo-2018, ngumgangatho wegolide wolawulo lwe-oyile. Inika abantu amalungelo okufikelela, okulungisa, ukucima, nokuthwala izibuko logcino-lwazi lwabo. Iinkampani kufuneka zifumane imvume ecacileyo yokuqhubekeka kogcino-lwazi, ukuqhuba iingxelo ze-PPP ezichaphazelekayo, kwaye zinike ingxelo yokwaphula iiyure ezingama-727. Ii-Fomatisi zingafikelela ku-4% yokujika kwehlabathi lonke. I-GDPR iphembelela umthetho emhlabeni wonke, ukusuka kwi-LGPDS ukuya eJapaniapi. Ufundo lwakutshanje lufumene ukuba i-International Coontation Professiationssion iphuculedomments zolawulo lwe-GDPR luphuculwe-data ye-Genethiki yemali kodwa lwandisa iindleko-yond hwebo .

UMthetho we-CCPA (CCPA)

ICCPA yaseKhalifoniya, esebenzayo yowama-2020, yanika abathengi ilungelo lokwazi oko kuqokelelwa ziinkampani zogcino-lwazi lobuqu, ilungelo lokucima loo nkcazelo, nelungelo lokukhetha ukungathengiswa kwayo. Ngo-2023, i-California Ancys Rights Act (CPRA) yandisa la malungelo, idala umbutho onikezelweyo wokwandiswa komthetho. I-CCPA isebenza nabani na ojongene nengeniso yogcino-lwazi lwabemi baseKhalifoniya, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindawoni, iyenza ibe ngumgangatho wesizwe we-compactal Rights kwiinkampani ezininzi.

Umnqophiso Wezizwe Ngezizwe Ngamalungelo Asekuhlaleni Nawamapolitiki (ICCPR)

Inqaku le-ICCPR eliyi-17 lokwalela ukungenelela ngokungekho mthethweni okanye ngokungekho mthethweni kwimicimbi yangasese. Ngelixesha ingazinqumli, idibanisa amazwe kwaye yazisa iinkcazelo ezigwebayo. Noko ke, ukunyanzelisa kubuthathaka, kwaye amazwe amaninzi akwinkqubo zokujonga iliso oluninzi nongaveleli-liso olulinganiselweyo. Ityala elibalulekileyo lingu UBig uMzalwana Watch v. United Kingdom, apho iNkundla yaseYurophu yamaLungelo angabantu ifumanileyo ukuba ulawulo oluninzi lwe-UK lwaphulelmka iQumrhu 8 (enyani) lwesivumelwano samalungelo abantu eYurophu.

Ucelomngeni Lokuxhasa Amalungelo Obuqu

Nangona kukho ukhuseleko olusemthethweni, kusekho iingxaki ezinkulu. Ukuhambela phambili kobugcisa kudla ngokudlula imiqathango esemthethweni, kushiye izithuba zokukhusela.

Ukunganyanzeliswa Kwasemthethweni Ongamkelekanga

Kwanalapho kukho imithetho eyomeleleyo, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kusenokuncitshiswa okanye kuthotyelwe phantsi. IKhomishini yogcino-lwazi lwase-Ireland, umlawuli okhokelayo weenkampani ezininzi zobugcisa phantsi kwe-GDPR, uye wagxekwa ngokuphanda okucothayo nangemali ephantsi enxulumene neengeniso zenkampani. EUnited States, imithetho yezobucala (HIPAA yempilo, FERPA yemfundo, GLBA yezemali) idala umsebenzi oshiya iintlobo ezininzi zogcino-data zingakhuselekanga, ngoxa iFederal Tradessem imisele imiqathango yemiqathango yezemali.

Iinkcazelo Zobugcisa Ezidityanisiweyo Nezicebisi Zazo

Ubuchule bokwenza umatshini, ukufunda, kunye ne-Internet of Things (IoT) zidala iingozi ezintsha zabucala. Iimodeli ze-Al zingachaza iimpawu ezichukumis ’ intloko (imbonakalo yesondo, iimbono zezobupolitika, ubume bempilo) ukusuka kulwazi olubonakala lungenazizo iziphumo. Izixhobo zasekhaya ezikrelekrele njengoAmazonga lobupolitika, kwaye isandi esivela kubancedisi belizwi sibuye sihlolwe ngamanye amaxesha ngabaxhasi belizwi. Unyuko lwe-afakes luveza imingeni yokuvuma nokuzikhusela. I-UEU'A Act ecetyikiswe ukuzama ukuphendula eminye yale miba, kodwa ubugcisa buyaqhubeka nokujika ngokukhawuleza kunomthetho.

Ukwaziwa Koluntu Nokuqonda Amalungelo Obuqu

Abantu abaninzi ababuqondi ububanzi bogcino-lwazi okanye indlela yokukhusela imfihlo yabo. Iinkqubo zemfihlo zidume kakubi kwaye zinzima.

Indima Yabantu Abakhusela Imfihlo

Ngoxa kufuneka utshintsho, abantu banokuthabatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okukhusela inkcazelo yabo kumaziko asebenza ngombane.

Sebenzisa iiPassword Ezinamandla, Ezikhethekileyo kwaye Yenza Ubungqina Bezibini Zomdlali

Abaphathi be-password abafana ne-Biwarden okanye 1 i-Password bevelisa kwaye bagcina ii-password ezintsonkothileyo, benciphisa ubungozi bobebethwa ngokusemthethweni. Ukuqinisekisa okubini kwemeko kongeza umaleko owongezelelweyo wokhuseleko, okwenza kube nzima kubahlaseli ukuba bafumane ii-akhawunti nokuba amagama athe afakwa epaseti. I-National Institute of Special and Technology (NIST) incomela ukusebenzisa ii-phishting reserdateators njengeqhosha lokhuseleko lwe-hardwarent (umz, YubiKey) apho kunokwenzeka.

Ucwangciso Lobuqu Lwezigqibo Neengxelo

Zombini Apple iOS ne Android zinikeza ulawulo lwendawo yobuqu bobucala obugqithisileyo qhaqha imvumelo ze app kwizinto eziyimfuneko, zicime iinkonzo zendawo zezicelo ezingazifuniyo, kwaye zikhubaze isalathisi somkhondo. Kwi desktop, abakhangeli be web njenge Firefox ne Brave banikeza ukhuseleko olukhulisiweyo. Hlola izicwangciso zemfihlo zezentlalo kwikota, njengokuba iqonga zisoloko zihlaziya uqwalaselo lwazo lokungagqibekanga ukwabelana ngogcino-lwazi oluninzi.

Kulumkele Ukuncokola Ngenkcazelo Yobuqu Nge - Internet

Cinga kabini phambi kokuba uthumele iifoto ezinamagama, uhambisana nomhla wokuzalwa kwakho, okanye uthathe ii-'pane's' ezifuna ugcino-lwazi lwentengiso. Iirekhodi zikawonke-wonke kunye nabachazi-data bathumela olu lwazi lwababhengezi, ii-inssurance, nabaqeshi. Iinkonzo ezifana no-Deseact Me zinokukunceda ususe ugcino-lwazi lwakho kumanxuwa angenayo idata, kodwa indlela elula kukuhlisa oko ukuko.

Sebenzisa Ufihlo kunye Nezixhobo Zokusebenza Zobucala

Khowuda uthungelwano lwakho: sebenzisa iSyntall okanye WhatsApp ukwenzela ukuthumela imiyalezo (obabini basebenzisa isiphelo- ukuya- ekupheleni ukukhowuda ngokungagqibekanga). Sebenzisa iflot ukugquma idilesi yakho ye-IP, ingakumbi kuwonke- u Wi-Fi. Cinga ukusebenzisa i-enjini zophengululo lwemfihlo njenge DuckDuckGo kunye nabanikezeli be e- email njenge ProtonMail. I-EctronGrondex Foundation [[FLT: 1]] inikeza izikhokelo nezixhobo zokukhusela imfihlo yamanani.

Ikamva Lamalungelo Ecala

Ikamva lamalungelo obuqu liza kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwizimo zengqondo zoluntu ngokubhekiselele ekuhlolweni nasekukhuselweni kolwazi. Ukukhuselwa kokhuseleko olunamandla lwabucala kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo omntu ngamanye ahlonelwa ngexesha lamanani.

Ukwanda Kwemfuneko Kawonke - wonke Yokubonisa ngaphaya

Abathengi bafuna ngokukhulayo ukuba iinkampani zibonise ngaphaya komsebenzi wogcino-lwazi. IApple's Moradifing Translafication system, ifuna ii-apps ukucela imvume phambi kokufumana irekhodi, ngumzekelo we-etheki yobuqu. Uvavanyo lwama-2023 lubonise ukuba 84% wabathengi bakhathalela ubumfihlo kwaye 80% bakulungele ukwenza isenzo sokuguqula iimpahla okanye abanikezeli bale. Lo xinzelelo luqhubela ezinye iinkampani ukuba zifumane imfihlo njengoncedo lokhuphiswano.

Ukhuselo lobugcisa kugcino-lwazi

Ubugcisa bokudibanisa obufana nobohlukeneyo (busetyenziswa yi-Apple kunye ne-Google), i-homomorphic compry, kunye nokufundiswa okuxutyiweyo kuvumela uhlalutyo logcino-lwazi ngaphandle kokubhenca iinkqubo zobuntu obungagqibekanga zobuntu bomntu siqu. Ukweyisa ngokwezicwangciso zobumnini, ezisekelwe kwibloko, zinika abantu ulawulo olungaphezulu kwiimpawu zobuqu abanolwahlulo. GDR[FLT][FLT]] ikhuthaza uphuhliso kubugcisa bokulawula i-bumfihlo, kunye nezixhobo zokuqalisa ukuvelisa i-e-ethemfashoni, ulawulo, ulawulo, kunye nogcino-data.

Ukusebenzisana Kwabantu Behlabathi Ngemilinganiselo Yabo Bonke

Njengoko i-data inqumla imida, intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe ibalulekile. I-EU-US data-S Amficy System Scheeld engenanto, ijolise ekulawuleni ukudluliswa kogcino-lwazi oludlulisiweyo ngeli xesha iqinisekisa ukhuseleko olwaneleyo. IBhunga le-Commission laseYurophu 108+ lifuna ukuvisisanisa imigangatho yemfihlo. Noko ke, uxanduva lwemeko yehlabathi kunye namaxabiso ahlukeneyo ngokujongana nokuhlola (umz., inkqubo yokuthenga ngetyala yentlalo ehamba phambili kunye nemizekelo elungele iNtshona) yenza umgangatho owehlabathi ungabi lula ngokwenene. ALU] kunye namanye amaqela e-FLT:1]

Isiphelo

Njengoko sisebenzisa ubuchule bokuhlola, ukuqonda nokukhuthaza amalungelo emfihlo kusebalulekile. Ukuba wedwa akuthethi nje ngokufihla imfihlo, ngokuzimela, nangokuthabatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi. Ngaphandle kokuba nenxaxheba kwi-demokhrasi, abantu abanakukwazi ukuphanda iingcamango ngokukhululekileyo, bazenzele kude ulwalamano, okanye bangabi natyala. Ukukhukuliseka kwemicimbi yangasese kusongela zonke ezinye iinkululeko zoluntu.

Kubalulekile ukuba abantu ngabanye, imibutho, kunye noorhulumente basebenze kunye ukukhusela ilungelo elisisiseko lokuzifihla kwihlabathi elinxulumeneyo. Abantu ngabanye kufuneka bahlale benolwazi yaye bathabathe amanyathelo asebenzayo. Amaqumrhu kufuneka afake imfihlo ngokwendlela abekwe ngayo kwimveliso yawo kwaye ahlonele abasebenzisi. Oorhulumente kufuneka bamisele iinkqubo ezisemthethweni ukuze badibane nezinto zenzululwazi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukugcinwa kwamandla. Ukuqhubeka kufundwa, PRIVITAGE International[[[] I-website enika oovimba abaninzi bolwazi behlabathi ekulawuboniseni ulawulo kunye nokungafihliki. Umzamo wokuzifunela imicimbi yobuqu kungumlo womntu.