Ukwazisa: IRaje Sabhasday YomGaqo-siseko Kulawulo Lwentlekele

Isakhiwo sikarhulumente saseIndiya sibeka ulawulo lwentlekele njengendawo ejongene nembopheleleko, efuna ukuba omabini amamanyano kunye noorhulumente bamazwe basebenze ngokutsha. Ngale ndlela, iBhunga laseRaje Sabha / , lisebenza njengegumbi lemithetho elimela imimandla eyahlukeneyo yama-Indiya kunye nemimandla ehlangeneyo. Indima yayo ekulungiseni umthetho wokulawula intlekele ayiqhubeki nje ngokulandelelana; iyasekelwe kwisiseko. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ixatyiswa ngobuchule bengingqi, iqwalaselwe ukulungelelanisa ulawulo lwengiselwano lwesizwe, kwaye iphuculwe ngomsebenzi wekomiti entluneenkcukacha, i-Rajya Sabba iqinisa amandla eIndiya okulungiselela, ukusabela, nokubuyiselwa kwiintlekele zendalo kunye nokwenziwa kwabantu. Eli nqaku linweba kwindlela yokulungisa iintlekele zentlekele eIndiya, i-Syab, imisebenzi ekhethekileyo yesizwe, kunye neyongezelelwe kwiziphumo zesizwe.

Isiseko somgaqo-siseko kunye noMthetho

Apho Ulawulo Lwentlekele Lufaneleka Kucwangciso LomGaqo-siseko waseIndiya

UMgaqo-siseko wase-Indiya awudwelisi ngokucacileyo “ulawulo lwe-discial" njengendawo yokungena eyahlukileyo. Endaweni yoko, ufumana igunya kumalungiselelo amaninzi. Ukungena kwe 14 yoLuhlu I (Uluhlu lwe-Union) kugquma i-“quarantine, amazibuko, kunye neenqwelo zenqwelo-moya,” ngelixa ungena kuma-6 of List IIII II (Uluhlu lwangoku) kuquka“ ukhuseleko loluntu kunye ne-inshorensi yoluntu.” Isixhobo esiphambili esisemthethweni "uLawulo lwentlekele, 2005/_iCandelo le-Phondo le-253 lifundwa phantsi kweQumthetho 253, iPalamente ekwisiQelaniso le-Uni, inika iPalamente ukuba iphumeze izivumelwano nendibano yezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe. I-Syshashahalday, njengendlu ephezulu, idlala indima eqinisekisa ukuba umthetho okhoyo kunye ne-omatikadenti yelizwe, i-Sharnayibhile.

UMthetho woLawulo lweNtlekele, 2005: Icandelo eliphawula iPalamente

Ngaphambi konyaka ka-2005, i-Indiya yaphendula kwiintlekele ezikhoyo kwisiseko sokufumana inkxaso kwiKomiti yolawulo lweziphene zesizwe kunye nemithetho yoncedo karhulumente. UMthetho waseka ukwakhiwa okusisigxina:

  • [[UMTL:0] IsiGunya soLawulo lwentlekele yelizwe (NDMA) – esisitulo soMphathi-mikhosi, ojongene nenkqubo, izicwangciso, kunye nezikhokelo.
  • Abasemagunyeni bolawulo lwentlekele yemo yelizwe (SDMAs)[[FT:1] – exhotyiswe ngabaPhathiswa abakhulu, ukuqinisekisa ucwangciso olungqaleneyo nombuso.
  • [[UMTL:0] Abaphathi bolawulo lwentlekele yecandelo (DDMAs) – ikhokelwa ngabaqokeleli beSithili, idibanisa ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni.
  • Icandelo lesizwe loLawulo lwentlekele (NIDM) – ukwenzela ukwakhiwa komthamo nophando.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umkhosi wempindezelo yentlekele yelizwe (NDRF) – inkcazo ekhethekileyo.

IRaje Sabra yaphikisana kakhulu noBill, iphakamisa inkxalabo ngokwezimali, ngokuzimela, nendima yeziqu zasekuhlaleni. IParliamentaliary Committee kwiMicimbi yeQumrhu , equka amalungu amaninzi eRajiya Sabha, yabeka idrafti kuhlolo olungqongqo lwentlawulo-ngendlela. Umthetho wokugqibela wabonisa uninzi lwala magalelo, njengamalungiselelo omgangatho obalulekileyo wobuchule ekuchazeni iiplani zempendulo kunye nokwazisa ulwazi lwesithethe kwiinkqubo zokulungisa.

Izixhobo Zolawulo Lwentlekele Zomthetho WeRaje Sabra

Ukuvavanywa kweeKomiti zePalamente ezimiselwe

Isakhiwo sekomiti iRajiya Sabra sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokucoca esinxulumene nomthetho onxulumene nentlekele. I-Accel ihlola amatyala eendleko e-Cheagerman, Rajiya Sabha, kwaye imema ubungqina obubalulekileyo obuvela kwi-bureaucrats, izazinzulu, ingingini yoluntu, kunye nabantu abachaphazelekayo. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokuhlolisiswa kweNkangeleko (iNkampula) Bill, 2024, efuna ukuqinisa ulwahluzo lwentlekele nokuyila ugcino-lwazi lwesizwe olukwimeko-mgaqo-mfa, ugcino-lwazi olusezantsi, umgangatho wezolwazi, kunye noxanduva lwemali kumazwanandinyana.

Iingxubusho nomelo loMmandla

IGatya lama-80 lomGaqo-siseko liqinisekisa ukuba uRaje Sabha unyulwa ngamalungu anyuliweyo eendibano zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente, ewenza abameli abangqalileyo bezilangazelelo zikarhulumente. Kwiingxoxo zolawulo lwentlekele, oku kuguqulela ekubeni lulawulo olunamandla. Umzekelo:

  • Amalungu asuka kunxweme asoloko enyanzela inkqubo yokulwa eyomeleleyo kwangoko kunye nolondolozo lwemangrove njengesigcini-mphantsi sendalo.
  • Abameli belizwe laseHimalaya bafuna ukuhlolwa komkhenkce nokusetyenziswa kwemaphu ehla umkhenkce.
  • Amalungu emimandla yembalela agxininisa ekugcinweni kwamanzi kangangexesha elide kunye nemozulu egcina imozulu.

Kuba iRajiya Sabba iyiNdlu esisigxina (enganyanzelekanga ukuba ingquzulwane), inika inkqubela phambili. Apho iLok Sabba ingatshintsha ukwenziwa ngesiquphe emva konyulo, iRajiya Sabra igcina inkumbulo esemthethweni. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kulawulo lwentlekele, efuna ujoliso oluqhubekayo kwimijikelo yokuzilungiselela, ukusabela, ukuchachacha, kunye nokuzinzisa.

Iitsheki Nolungelelwano Kwilok Sabha

IRajiya Sabba ayinakusungula amatyala emali, kodwa ingalibazisa, i-ante, okanye ilahle umthetho oqhelekileyo. Kubaphathi bentlekele. Ngokufuthi kubandakanya imali eninzi yokukhulula imali yoncedo, izibonelelo, kunye nokuqeqeshwa (ukuvavanya) oku kubalulekile. Lo mthetho wokwenziwa kakubi ofaka amandla amakhulu kakhulu okanye ongahoyiyo imicimbi yezombuso ekhoyo ungavalwa okanye uthunyelwe kwakhona ukuze uphinde uhlaziyiwe. [FLT: 0] [iiindawo engundoqo yoLawulo lwemali yoncedo, i-mente, 2005 ekuqaleni ucebise igunya elisembindini elinemisebenzi elinganiselwe. I-Syabraha, ngekomiti yayo kunye nengxoxo, ifaka ngempumelelo amalungiselelo okulondolo oluluvolo lwemeko lwemeko lwelizwe lombuso lombuso phakathi kwale mbuso.

Ukulawula nokuphendula ngaphandle komthetho

Iyure neyure ka-Zero yombuzo

IRaje Sabba iphendula umphathi ngokubuza rhoqo. Ngeyure yombuzo, amalungu angaphakamisa iimbambano ezithile ezinxulumene nokulungiselela intlekele, ukulibaziseka kwempendulo, kunye nokukhutshwa kwemali. Umzekelo, emva kwezikhukula zaseKeralala eziyintlekele yonyaka ka-2018, uRaje Sabha amalungu karhulumente asoloko ebuza urhulumente osembindini malunga nokukhululwa kweNkufumana iNguquko yeNational Resotion Fund (NDRF) kunye nokungaqiniseki koncedo lobugcisa. Le mibuzo inyanzelela ukuvelisa ugcino-data, ukuthethelela izigqibo, nokubophelela ngexesha. Iyure ye-ro (ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambili) ivumela amalungu ukuba atsale ingqalelo ekhawulezi ntlekele ezikhoyo zentlekele (njengenkqhwithi esondela kwiTybay ye-Nygaul okanye kwingozi yengozi yoshishino okanye yezoshishino.)

Iingxelo zeKomiti nokulandelela

Ngaphezu kokuxilongwa kwemali, iikomiti zeRajiya Sabha zivelisa iingxelo ezineenkcukacha eziphathelele ukusebenza kwentlekele. [[FLT: 0] IKomiti yogcino-lwazi kulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni (equka Rajiya Sabha amalungu) iphinda ihlole ukufumaneka kwezilumkiso zentlekele ngeelwimi zase-Indiya. Ukuva iKomiti eMakhaya kwiMicimbini yezentlekele rhoqo ihlolisisa ukusebenza kweNDMA, NDRF, kunye namagunya orhulumente, yenza icebiso ekudluliseleni phambili, ukuphendula koluntu, nokuncedisana kwabantu. Ezi ngxelo zithenjiwe kwitafile kwindlu, ingxoxo, kwaye zikhokelele kwiinkqubo zobugcuba okanye ulungiso-mthetho-mthetho.

Ukulawula Imali Yemali Yemali

Indima ye-Rajiya Sabba ekuvumeleni uqingqo-mali lwaminyaka le iquka ukujongwa kweendawana ze- INgxowa-mali yezeNkcukacha yesizwe (NDRF) kunye neNational Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF) [NFF]]. Amalungu angafuna ulungiso lwezimposiso zomngxube, ukunciphiswa kwemiqathango yemali, kunye nomxhasi wemali eninzi esetyenziswa ekuhlawuleni (uphumezothutho). Oku kucelelekile kuba umba woncedo lwemali lungasetyenziswa ehlabathini lonke ekulungiseni ii-ruption ezininzi, ukunciphisana nokunga okuncinane.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Impembelelo KaRaje Sabha Kwizimvo Ezithile Zentlekele

IiNtaba zaseKerala zowe - 2018: INkqubela Yomthetho Etshintshayo

NgoAgasti 2018, iKerala yafumana ingxolo yayo embi kakhulu kwinkulungwane. IRajiya Sabhaha yaqhuba ingxubusho ngokukhawuleza, kunye namalungu ephondo achaza umlinganiselo womonakalo: ngaphezu kwama-480 abantu abafayo, i1.4 lezigidi zamakhaya, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwezoqoqosho okungaphezulu kwe-331,000. Ungenelelo oluphambili lweRajiya Sabha lwaquka:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ibhekiselele kwisiseko sesiseko se mephu yentlekele yesizwe – ukuthatha izithuba zexesha lokwenene kwimpendulo.
  • I- Icebo lombindi ‘ wenkqubo esesikweni yokusebenza ye eyathi ilibazise umgangatho wobugoci boburhulumente wokulungelelanisa ulungelelwaniso kusetyenziso lwezibonelelo.
  • Ukubuyiselwa kotshintsho lwexesha elide ngaphaya kokukhululeka kwangoko, kuquka ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kunye nenkxaso yokuziphilisa.

Urhulumente wandula walungisa izithethe ezithile, ezifana nokuvumela oorhulumente ukuba basebenzise imali ye-NDRF ekulungiseni izibonelelo zikawonke-wonke ngaphaya komlinganiselo osezantsi weentsuku ezingama-30. Oku kubonisa indlela ulawulo oluzingisileyo luka Rajiya Sabra olungaqhuba ngayo utshintsho lolawulo.

I-Uttarank Wand Glacier Burst: I-Akhawuntili yeQumrhu

NgoFebruwari 2021, intaba-mkhenkce yagqabhuka kwisithili saseChamoli yabangela umkhukula owatshabalalisa imisebenzi emibini yamandla enqanawa eqhutywa ngenqanawa kwaye yabulala uninzi. Amalungu eRajeya Sabha abuza ukususwa kwemekobume yemisebenzi, ukuchana kwengozi ye-athon yechibi, kunye nokungalawuleki kwenkqubo yezilumkiso zamandulo. [[FULT:0] Ukurhoxiswa kwe-Redary Stance Committeettee eMer [[[FLL:1] (noRaja Sabha umelo lobukho benqanawa ekhenkcekwayo) yazazazazazazaza yabiza i-morratium kwimisebenzi ehamba ngamandla ebhabhabhayo kwindalo de ibe luvavanyo olubanzi lobungozi belishiciso lwexesha lokurhobo. Oku kwakhokelela ekunqandameni kwelizwe lomoya lomoya lomoya kurhobo lweNtla-GalGalGlGlk)

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa Kwendima KaRaje Sabha

Ukulibazisa kwiNdlela yoMgaqo-siseko

Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi indalo kaRaje Sabba ekhululayo ingenza umthetho wexesha likaxakeka uthobe. Kwibala elinoxinzelelo olufana nolawulo lwentlekele ."apho ukuphunyezwa komthetho kunokuthiya umahluko phakathi kobomi nokufa ."ukuxakeka okudibeneyo kungenza into engaphumeleliyo. Noko ke, abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba ixabiso elisindisa ubomi lomthetho owenziwe kakuhle lingaphezulu leendleko ezimbalwa zengxoxo. Isitshixo kukwenza umlinganiselo, kwaye inkqubo yekomiti ka-Rajiya Sabha isoloko yenza njalo ngokulungisa izijungqu ngokukhawuleza ngexa ingulo xa isavumela ukuba zihlolwe ngokucokisekileyo.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobupolitika

Njengalo naliphi na iqumrhu lowiso-mthetho, iRaje Sabha ayigonyelwanga kwizixhobo ezinamandla. Amatyala olawulo lwentlekele anokuba sengozini kwiimbambano zobupolitika, ingakumbi xa ebandakanya iimbambano ezifana ne-odentialism, inkxaso-mali, okanye ukubekwa kwamandla. Umzekelo, iDisster yolawulo (iNgqungquthela) Bill, 2024 ijongene nenkcaso evela kumalungu awayephikisa ukuba i-SDMAS ingenza buthathaka i-NDMAS ngokunika ulawulo olungqalileyo lokusebenza kumacandelo ngexesha “lo." Ikomiti yepalametarianry yancomela ukufikelela kobugratya obuqhubekekileyo, ulawulo olugcina igunya lokwenza inkqubo yokulungele ukwenziwa komanyano.

Amandla Alinganiselweyo

Ngeli xesha iRaje Sabra ingabhenca ukungaphumeleli nokuncomela inyathelo layo, ayinakunyanzelisa ngokuthe ngqo. Uzalisekiso oluphezulu luxhomekeke kumphathi onegunya. Ngoko ke, ukuphumelela komphathi weRajeya Sabba kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekuzimiseleni kukarhulumente ukwenza. Kwimeko apho iqela elilawulayo linoninzi kuzo zombini izindlu, indlu ephezulu isebenza njenge ‘ isitampu esinesandi, ukucutha indima yaso njengokhangelo. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokulondoloza inkcaso eqinileyo kunye neenkqubo zekomiti ezisebenzayo.

Uphuhliso Lwangoku Neenkcubeko Zexesha Elizayo

Ulawulo lwentlekele (Iziko)

Le Komiti iRajiya Sabra yachaza ukuba ibonelela ukuhlaziywa koMthetho ka-2005, icebisa ukuba kwenziwe isiseko sesiseko sedata selizwe sentlekele, idibanisa utshintsho lwemozulu luye kuhlolwa, kunye nokusekwa kwenkqubo yonxibelelwano yexesha likaxakeka. Uhlolo lwekomiti lweRajiya Sabba lwabonisa ukuba imicimbi yezobuqu inokwenzeka: inkxalabo-yogcino-lwazi, umthwalo wezimali kumazwe okugcino-lwazi, kunye nomngcipheko wokuzinzisa ngaphezulu kweqondo lobudala. Kwasekuqaleni ko-2025, uBill uyasulungekiswa, urhulumente ulindele ukuba afake amacebiso amaninzi ekomiti. Oku kuqhubeka kubonisa indlela i-Rajiya Sabra ehlala ifanelekile ngayo ukugcina umthetho wengozi ugcino-mfezeko oluqhubekayo, kunye nohlaselo lwezibhexwe-khompyutha luvela kwimichiza.

Intsebenziswano Yomanyano Eqinisayo

Ukuya phambili, iRajiya Sabba ingenza indima ebalulekileyo ekususeni imiqobo esuka phezulu (kwisihlalo) kunye nokuthe tyaba (kwisihlalo). Umzekelo, intlekele kwintlambo yomlambo ingafuna umlambo kunye nomzantsi welizwe ukuncedisana nogcino-lwazi kunye nokukhulula amanzi. Iqonga leRajiya Sabba livumela amalungu awo onke amazwe achaphazelekayo ukuba ancedise imigaqo-siseko solawulo lwentlabathi. Ngokufanayo, njengokuba iIndiya ijongene nomngcipheko wemozulu okhulayo, indlu ephezulu inganyanzela ukumelana nokhuseleko lwentlekele njengomsebenzi ophambili wokulungisa ukuqulungela, ukulungiselela ukulungiselela, ukulungiselela idolophu, ucwangciso lwempilo, kunye nempilo.

Ubuxhakaxhaka bobugcisa nophando

Iikomiti zeRaje Sabra sele ziqalisile ukuvavanya ukuvela kobugcisa obuthile . "ukusetyenziswa kobuchule bokuvelisa iziphumo zekhompyutha kubuchule bokulumkisa kwasekuqaleni, ukujongwa komonakalo, kunye nee-drones zokukhangela nokuhlangula. Iingxelo ziye zafuna utyalo oluthe chatha kuphando lomthonyama, uvavanyo olunamandla lwemithetho-algorithm, kunye noqeqesho lwamagosa asekuhlaleni. Indlu ephezulu ikwakuhle ukuvavanya ezona zinto zingcono ehlabathini lonke ngokumema iingcali kunye nokuhlola imizekelo evela kumazwe anjengeJapan, New Zealand, neBangladesh. Ingqiqo eziveliswe zinokubumba imigaqo nemithetho emitsha.

Isiphelo: Ulawulo lwentlekele

Indima kaRaje Sabra kumthetho wolawulo lwentlekele ayiyonto iphambili. Inika umGaqo-siseko apho iinguqu ezininzi zemeko ye-Indiya, imozulu, kunye nemeko yentlalo nentlalo-ntle zimelwe khona. Ngeekomiti zayo, iingxoxo, imibuzo, kunye nohlolo lwemali, indlu ephezulu iqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ayibi yesandi esisemthethweni kuphela kodwa iyayifuna, iquka, kwaye iyasabela kwiimeko ezikhoyo. Ngexesha i-spetroli, i-screat, kunye nokunyanzelela i-yokuqhubeka, iRajiya Sabba ihlala iyintsika engundoqo engundoqo yokulawula kwentlekele yase-Indiya. Njengoko ukunyuka nokwanda kwentlekele ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu, imfuno yomthetho onamandla, onamandla, owenziweyo, uya kukhula kuphela kwaye umgangatho we-Rajinhaybhin uya kuhlala ugnelwane indima enkulu kunanini nanini nanini nanini.

[[FLT: 0] I-Disclaimer: Eli nqaku lizoba kwiirekhodi zepalamente ezikhoyo, iingxelo zekomiti, kunye neencwadi ezisemthethweni. Ukuqhubeka ufundo, tyelela i-'FLT'official Rajiya Sabba [[FLT:], i-NDMAL, kunye nophengululo lwezibhengezo.