Ukubandakanyeka kwentsapho yasebukhosini yaseBritane kwizikhumbuzo zesizwe nezikhumbuzo kumela enye yezona zinto zibonakalayo nezichukumisayo zenkqubo yolawulo lwale mihla. Ezi ziganeko — ukususela ekuthi cwaka kwenkumbulo ngeCawa ukuya kwisikhumbuzo esinembali ebalaseleyo — zinika amaxesha okuqwalasela, umanyano lwesizwe, kwaye zichaza ezinye iimpawu. Intsapho yasebukhosini, njengemiqondiso ehlala ikho eqhubekayo nesithethe, ikwindawo ekhethekileyo kule mibhiyozo. Ukuthabatha kwazo akungomthetho kodwa kugcina izithethe ezinzulu, imbali, kunye nobunzima bengqondo, ikhuthaza amaxabiso okukhumbula, ukubingelela, kunye nokusebenza kwesizwe kwisizukulwana esikwizizukulwana.

Isiseko Sembali Sokuthabatha Inxaxheba Ebukhosini

Isithethe sokuzibandakanya kwesizwe kwimibhiyozo yesizwe silandela imvelaphi yaso yokuvela kolawulo lwale mihla lomgaqo-siseko kwinkulungwane ye-19 nasekuqaleni kwama-20. Njengoko amandla okumkani ezobupolitika aye encipha, indima yokomfuziselo yesithsaba njengentloko yesizwe emanyanisayo. Olu tshintsho lwangqinelana nokuphuhliswa kwezikhumbuzo ezinkulu zikawonke-wonke kunye nemisitho karhulumente, ingakumbi emva kokulahlekelwa kwentlekele yeMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala.

UKumkani uGeorge V wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni umzekelo wokuya emfazweni kwisikhumbuzo. Ukutyhilwa kweCenotaph eWhitehall ngo1920 nokungcwatywa kweWarrier engaziwayo eWestminster Abbey kwamisela iqonga lento eyayiza kuba yimbali yeCawa yonyaka. UGeorge V ubandakanya kwakhe, kuquka ukubekwa kwakhe isithsaba kunye nentshumayelo yakhe yaminyaka le, kwaqinisa indawo yokumkani kumbindi wesijwili nenkumbulo. Ukumkanikazi VI, uKumkani uElizabeth II, ngoku uArmage — ngamnye uphucule kwaye uKumkani Charles III — uqinisekisa ukuba umnqwanqwa uhlala ekho ngexesha elibalulekileyo.

Icentosafi Nokuzalwa Kwesiko

ICenotaph, ekuqaleni eyakhiwe okwethutyana ye-1919 Parade yoxolo, yaba yingcwele yesizwe esisigxina. Ixesha laxa ukumkani wabeka umnqwazi wakhe esisekweni waba ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo womsebenzi wobukumkani. Ukususela ngoko, ukubekwa komnqwazi kuye kwacwangciswa kakuhle: ukumkani unika umnikelo wemirhubhelo ngenxa yohlanga, elandelwa ziinkokeli ezinkulu kunye neenkokeli zobupolitika. Le nto isenziwa, unyaka ngamnye, isenza isithethe esinamandla sokukhumbula esingaphaya kotshintsho lwezopolitiko kunye nokulahlekelwa kobuqu.

Ngaphaya kweCenotaph, ukuba nenxaxheba kwenkosi kwadlulela kwisikhumbuzo semfazwe kulo lonke ilizwe nobukhosi. IDuke yaseYork (kamva uGeorge VI) yavula iSikhumbuzo seMfazwe yaseOstreliya eCanberra ngowe - 1941; ubukho bentsapho yasebukhosini kwiziganeko ezifanayo ukusuka eKhanada ukuya eNew Zealand kwaqinisa amaqhina eCommonwealth nedini lemfazwe elicanyagushelwe kunye.

Umfuziselo Wesithsaba Kwiziganeko Zokukhumbula

Indima yentsapho yasebukhosini kwimibhiyozo yesizwe isekelwe kuphawu olunentsingiselo eninzi. Njengoko intloko-mikhosi imela uhlanga lonke, ime phezu kweqela lezobupolitika kunye neenjongo zobuhlanga. Oku kujongwa komGaqo-siseko kwenza intsapho yasebukhosini ikwazi ukudibanisa intlungu, ikratshi, kunye nombulelo wabemi bonke. Xa ilungu lentsapho yasebukhosini libeka isithsaba, lithetha kwinkonzo yesikhumbuzo, okanye lisiya kwisikhumbuzo, abasebenzi njengemiqumrhu kodwa njengemiqondiso ephilayo yembeko yohlanga.

Ukunamathela Kwixesha Lenguqu

Ukuqhubeka kolawulo lolawulo lobukumkani — intsapho enye, ngokufuthi abantu abafanayo, abanenxaxheba kwizithethe ezifanayo kangangamashumi eminyaka — kunika i-ankile etshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi eliguqukayo. Ukumkanikazi uElizabeth II, ngokomzekelo, waya kwinkonzo yeCawa yonke iminyaka emibini yokulawula kwakhe iminyaka engama-70. Le nkonzo ende yanikela ingongoma yenkumbulo yesizwe epheleleyo. Ngoku uKumkani uCharles II uyaqhubeka eqhubela phambili elofa, kwananjengokuba etshintsha izithethe ukuze abonise ibutho labantu elahlukeneyo nelingenaluvo.

Oku kufuzisela kudlulela kwizenzo ezithile zesithethe. Isithsaba, esiqhelekileyo esenziwe nge-poppy neleurel, sinentsingiselo yokulala, ukufa noloyiso. Isantya esicothayo, isantya esithe qelele senkonzo yeCenotaph, imizuzu emibini yokuzola, ukudlala iLast Post — zonke zinyuswa kukudibana kwabantu abathabatha inxaxheba ebukumkanini. Indawo yokumkani ephambi kweCenotaph, ngaphandle nje kweinkokeli zezobupolitika, igxininisa indima ekhethekileyo yewongalo ligama lomanyano lwesizwe.

Imbewu Engalawulekiyo Nendima Yasebukhosini

Kwinkulungwane yama-20, ukubekwa kwesithsaba kwenziwa ngukumkani oyindoda okanye ukumkanikazi omkhulu. Kodwa emva kokungena kukaKumkanikazi uElizabeth II ngo1952, waba nendima yokubeka isithsaba ngenxa yohlanga, intetho enamandla yokhokelo lwamabhinqa kwintliziyo yesizwe. Kutshanje, iPrincess of Wales kunye namanye amalungu entsapho angamabhinqa athathe indima ephambili ukukhumbula, ebonisa i indaleko yelungu lobufana nolonke kunye nomelo olubonisa ulawulo lwekhaya lobukumkani kubomi babantu bonke.

Impembelelo kwiSizwe sokugweba nokubandakanyeka

Uphando noluvo lwabantu ngokubanzi lubonisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuba ukubandakanyeka kwentsapho yasebukhosini kwiziganeko zesikhumbuzo kukhulisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuvuselelwa kweemvakalelo nokudityaniswa kwabantu ngezo zihlandlo. Ukubakho kwenkosi kubangela ukuba kubekho ingxubusho exhaphakileyo yamajelo eendaba — zombini ezo zingokwesithethe namajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni — nto leyo ebangela ukuba abantu bacinge ngenkumbulo nekratshi lesizwe. Ukubonwa kwentloko equbudayo okanye umntu wasebukhosini ozimela yedwa kunokubangela uvelwano olunamandla nomanyano phakathi kwababukeli.

Imilinganiselo Yengqondo Nentlalo

Ngokwembono yengqondo, intsapho yasebukhosini isebenza njengelungu loxwebhu lokugunyazisa iimvakalelo zoluntu. Ngamaxesha entlekele yesizwe — ukufa kwamajoni, ukukhumbula iintlekele ezifana nokudilika komhlaba wase-Aberfan okanye ukuqhushumbiswa kweebhombu ezisixhenxe — intlungu ebonakalayo okanye ukuthobeka kwenkosi kunceda ekuqinisekiseni nasekuchazeni iimvakalelo zikawonke-wonke. Le ngxaki maxa wambi ichazwa njenge “kudityaniswa kweemvakalelo,” apho izenzo zomntu obalulekileyo ngokufuziselayo zibonisa kwaye zilolonge isimo sengqondo soluntu olubanzi.

Ngokwenzululwazi yezentlalo, ukuba nenxaxheba kwenkosi kukhuthaza ukudibana kwentlalo. Uhlolisiso lwesizwe kwi-UK lufumanise ukuba iziganeko ezifana nenkumbulo yeCawa, xa zikhatshwa yindima yasebukhosini, zivelisa ingqiqo “yokuhlanganisa i-eversence” — ibinzana elisetyenziswa ngu-Émile Durkheim ngenxa yamandla ahlukeneyo angokweemvakalelo adibanisa abantu. Abantu bazo zonke iimvelaphi, iminyaka, neembono zezobupolitika zingamanyanisa kancinane kwinkcaso enye, encediswa yindawo engeyo eyeyo eyeyo.

Uphuhliso lwamajelo eendaba nokubaluleka kwemfundo

Kwizizukulwana eziselula ezisenokuba azinamava angqalileyo emfazweni okanye entlalo, ukungenelela kwentsapho yasebukhosini kunikela ithuba lokuyiqonda imbali.

Amaqela ezikolo adla ngokuya kwiziganeko zesikhumbuzo okanye ukubukela izibhengezo, yaye ubukho bookumkani bongeza umlinganiselo wodumo nowokutsalela phambili okubangela ukuba umntu afunde.

Imizekelo ephawulekayo yokubandakanyeka ebukumkanini

Indima enkulu yemibhiyozo yesizwe. Ngapha koko, kwinkonzo yeCawa yonyaka eCenotaph, intsapho yasebukhosini ibibandakanyeke kakhulu kwiziganeko ezininzi ngaphaya kweUK neCommonwealth.

Inkumbulo NgeCawa

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye ngokuqhubekayo ibhiyozelwa yisikhumbuzo seCawa, eqhutywa ngeCawa yesibini ngoNovemba. Inkonzo yeCenotaph eLondon ilandela isiko elicacileyo: ukufika kokumkani, imizuzu emibini yokuzola iqaliswe kukubetha iwotshi okanye umpu, umgxobhozo ogqunywe ngumlawuli, ngoko ngamanye amalungu entsapho yasebukhosini, umfundisi oyintloko, kunye neenkokeli zamanye amaqela ezobupolitika. Inkonzo iqukumbela ngokuhamba phambili kwamagosa. Igalelo olubonakalayo lokumkani omkhulu uCharles III, iPrinces Royal, kunye noMpulensi yase-Ediederins — iqinisa ukubaluleka kokukhumbula okuwileyo.

Ngonyaka wama-2022, isikhumbuzo sokuqala seCawa emva kokufa kukakumkanikazi uElizabeth II sachukumisa ngokukhethekileyo. UKumkani uCharles III wabeka isithsaba esibonisa i-opens ezivela kwintsimi zeClarence House neHighgrove, ebandakanya izinto zobuqu ngoxa wayexhasa isithethe. Esi siganeko sadwelisa amanani abhaliweyo okubukela, ebonisa ukuba nasemva kokuphulukana nokumkanikazi owayesele ephilile, esi sithethe saqhubeka sinentsingiselo enkulu.

Iziganeko Zengxabano Enkulu

Izikhumbuzo ezinkulu ezibalaseleyo — ezifana nonyaka wekhulu lewaka lewaka lewaka lewaka leshumi elinesihlanu lemfazwe yehlabathi ngowe-2018 okanye iminyaka engama-75 yonyaka kaD-D Day ngo-2019 — ziye zabona ukuganana okukhulu kokumkanikazi uElizabeth II ekwinkonzo ka-2018 ekwiCenotaph kunye neenkokeli zobupolitika ezisuka ehlabathini lonke. UPrince Charles (ngoku onguKumkani) wayemela i-UK kwimibhiyo ye-Normandy ngeD - Day, apho wabeka izithsaba waza wathetha namava. Ezi zihlandlo zidla ngokudityaniswa nombutho kunye nezinxulumano zobuqu, zivumela abalawuli ukuba babonise umbulelo ngokuthe ngqo kwabo bakhonzayo.

Iintlekele Nezikhumbuzo Zesizwe

Intsapho yasebukhosini ikwanenxaxheba kwimibhiyozo yeentlekele ezingezomthetho. Emva kokuba iGrenfell Tower ityelele umboniso, ikumkanikazi kunye nabanye abasebukhosini, batyelela abagcini-majoni, badibana neentsapho ezifelweyo. Ngokufanayo, inkonzo yesikhumbuzo yonyaka wamaxhoba eLockerbie iquka ummeli osuka kwintsapho yasebukhosini. Ezi zenzo zibonisa ukuba indima yokumkanikazi ingaphaya kwedini lomkhosi ukuquka zonke iinkalo zelahleko yesizwe.

Amalwandle angaphaya kunye neMibhiyozo yeSizwe

Ukuthatha inxaxheba ebukhosini akuphelelanga kumhlaba wasekhaya. Ikumkani kunye nabanye abaphezulu basebukhosini bahamba rhoqo ukuya kumela i-UK kwiziganeko zesikhumbuzo sezizwe ngezizwe. Ngo- 2015, uMthetheli uWilliam watyelela iGalipoli kumkhosi we-ANZAC. IPrincess Royal ingene iinkonzo eKhanada, e-Australia, nakulo lonke elaseYurophu kumangcwaba emfazwe. Olu hambo luqinisa umanyano lwehlabathi lonke lokumkani kwaye luvuma ukuba kwenziwe idini elicalulweyo lemikhosi ehlangeneyo.

Ucelomngeni Nezindululo Kuluntu Olutshintshayo

Ngoxa isithethe sokuthabatha inxaxheba ebukhosini sisaqinile, asiyiyo into emileyo. I-monarch iye yajamelana nocelomngeni lokulondoloza ulwakhiwo phakathi kwabantu abaselula nabahlukeneyo. Abanye abahlalutyi bayathandabuza ukuba i-pagernt enjalo ifanelekile kusini na ngexesha lobuhlanga kunye necandelo lentlalo. Abanye babiza imikhosi ukuba ibonise ingxubangxubevange yeBritane yanamhlanje, kuquka igalelo lamajoni akwimvelaphi engekho mhlophe kunye nokufakwa kweenkonzo ezikhunjulwayo ezingezozabuKristu.

Intsapho yasebukhosini kunye nabaququzeleli beziganeko zesikhumbuzo benze imigudu ngabom ukutshintsha. Ukwakhiwa kweCenotaph ngoku kuquka imifanekiso yamazwe aqhelekileyo. Iinkonzo ziquka ukufunda nomculo osuka kwizithethe ezahlukahlukeneyo zonqulo nezenkcubeko. UKumkani uCharles III ukwazibophelele kwizinto zemekobume nentlalo, ezibumba indlela athanda ngayo ukukhumbula. Umzekelo, izithsaba zakhe zisoloko zisebenzisa izixhobo ezizinzileyo kunye namagqabi abomnqa, amaxabiso athe ngqo okunxibelelana nabo.

Ukulondoloza Imilinganiselo Yobomi Kwixesha Lamanani

Ukuvela kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano ezingokwentlalo kuye kwaguqula indlela ezikhunjulwa ngayo. Intsapho yasebukhosini isebenzisa iqonga elifana neInstagram kunye neTwitter ngokukhutheleyo ukwabelana ngemifanekiso nemiyalezo evela kwiziganeko, ifikelela abaphulaphuli abasenokungalungeli usasazo lwesithethe. Isizukulwana esitsha sokumkani — ingakumbi iPrince kunye nePrinces of Wales — yenza uquluko lwezimvo ngendlela ezenza ukuba imibhiyozo ibonakale ifikeleleka. Ukujikeleza kweziganeko kunye nokulandela izithethe ezishwabazisa abantu ngezithethe ngoxa zigcina isidima sabo.

Kwangaxeshanye, ulawulo lokumkani kufuneka lujonge ungquzulwano phakathi kokubonakala koluntu kunye nentlungu yabucala. Uhlalutyo olunzulu lwazo zonke iimpawu zobuso okanye uphawu lungaguqula iimvakalelo zokwenene zibe ngumbandela wohlalutyo lwesixhobo sokusasaza. Ii-ofisi zolawulo lolawulo lolawulo lwezininzi zisebenza ngocoselelo ulungelelaniso lokubonakala nokuhlonelwa kweso sihlandlo.

Isiphelo

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwentsapho yasebukhosini yaseBritani kwimibhiyozo nezikhumbuzo zesizwe singaphezulu kakhulu kunesithethe esinentsingiselo enzulu esixhasa ukubonakala kwesizwe, inika imbeko kwimibingelelo yexesha elidlulileyo, kwaye inikela ingqalelo yokuqwalasela ngokumanyeneyo. Ukusuka ekulindeni bucala kwiCenotaph ukuya ekuxhatshazeni igosa elikwindawo yesikhumbuzo, isenzo ngasinye sokukhumbula isixeko sobukumkani sithwele ubunzima obuthe qheke kwibutho labantu.

Njengoko ulawulo lookumkani luguquka phantsi koKumkani uCharles III yaye lusiya lutshintsha nanjengoko olu hlanga lusiba neenguqu, isikhumbuzo siya kuqhubeka sivisisana. Kodwa injongo esisiseko — ukukhumbula, ukubeka nokumanyana — ayitshintshi. Ukubakho kwentsapho yasebukhosini kuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zihlandlo zelizwe azinakubonwa nje kuphela, kodwa ziziva zisondelelene, zikho, zikho ngoku, yaye zisezakuba nethuba elizayo.