Irhafu lizizikhundla eziphambili zolawulo lwale mihla, ukulungiselela isiseko semali apho amaqumrhu akha khona iinkonzo eziyimfuneko, izibonelelo, kunye neenkqubo. Ukusuka kwithala leencwadi lasekuhlaleni ukuya kwisizwe, ingeniso eveliswa ngerhafu ichaphazela ubunjani bobomi bommi ngamnye. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwerhafu kungaphezulu kokuyigqala njengembopheleleko esemthethweni; kubandakanya ukuxabisa indlela ezi mali eziqokelelwa ngayo, zabelwe, zenzelwe nakukwazi ukuxhasa zombini uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye nohlanga lonke. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iinkcitho zerhafu, indima yalo ekuxhaseni iinkonzo ezifuna inkcitho, iziphumo zezoqoqosho, kunye neengxoxo ezilawula inkqubo yerhafuthelo namhlanje.

Yintoni Irhafu?

Kumphakathi wayo, irhafu yimali enyanzelekile emiselwe ngurhulumente kubantu, kumashishini, okanye kwimpahla. Ngokungafaniyo nentlawulo yokuzithandela okanye iirhafu zeenkonzo ezithile, irhafu iyanyanzeleka kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ayinyanzelekanga kwinzuzo engqalileyo, ekhawulezileyo yombhatala. Endaweni yoko, zifakwa kwingxowa-mali kawonke-wonke esetyenziselwa ukuxhasa iimpahla zikawonke wonke kunye neenkonzo ezinceda uluntu ngokubanzi. Oku kuquka yonke into esuka kwimiboniso yesitrato ukuya kukhuseleko lwesizwe. Irhafunqumiso iqokelelwa ngemigangatho eyahlukeneyo karhulumente/urhulumente, urhulumente, kunye norhulumente wayo, kunye nemithetho yayo, amarikiti kunye neenjongo.

Ingcamango yerhafu yamandulo, enengxelo ebonisa ukuqokelelwa kwerhafu eMesopotamia kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-4 000 eyadlulayo. Kwizoqoqosho zale mihla, irhafu ifeza imisebenzi emininzi: inyusa ingeniso, ubutyebi bokusasaza, ukungawi kakuhle kwentengiso (ngokomzekelo irhafu yePambuwan kwingcoliseko), kwaye iphembelela ukuziphatha kwezoqoqosho. Ukuxuba okukodwa kwemiqathango yerhafu kunye nexabiso lerhafu kubonisa amaxabiso ebutho labantu, izinto eziza kuqala, kunye nokungahambiselani phakathi kwempumelelo, ukulingana, nokulingana, kunye nokulula.

Iintlobo Zerhafu

Ukuqonda ezi ndlela ziluncedo zicacisa indlela osasazwa ngayo umthwalo wokuxhasa iinkonzo zikawonke wonke kulo lonke uqoqosho.

  • Irhafu ehlawulwayo: ibhaso lomntu okanye lendlu, kuquka umvuzo, imivuzo, utyalo-mali, ingeniso yengeniso yeshishini. Iinkqubo ezininzi zerhafu zengeniso zihamba phambili, okuthetha ukuba abavuzi bahlawula ipesenti enkulu yengeniso yabo kwirhafu. EUnited States, irhafu yemali yemali yemali yemali ngumthombo omkhulu wengeniso karhulumente, eqokelelwa yi-Internstbation SERV (ISS) phantsi kwe-MPAS.
  • [[NTLA: 0] Irhafu: Ithengiselwa ukuthengiswa kweempahla neenkonzo ngexesha lokuthenga. Iirhafu zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kuba iintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi zichitha isabelo esikhulu sengeniso yazo kwizinto ezihlawulwayo. Amazwe amaninzi akhetha iimfuno ezifana nokutya kunye nonyango ukunciphisa umthwalo kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi.
  • Irhafu ye-Propety: Isekelwe kwixabiso lomhlaba, kuquka umhlaba nezakhiwo. Irhafu yempahla ngokubaluleka yimvelaphi yengeniso yasekuhlaleni, inkxaso-mali yezikolo zikawonke-wonke, amasebe omlilo, neenkonzo zikamasipala. Irhafu ibekwa ngoorhulumente basekuhlaleni kwaye iyahluka-hluka ngokubanzi ngokolawulo.
  • [[NTLALA: 0] Irhafu e-Ortorate: icetyiswa kwingeniso yamashishini. Irhafu yorhwebo kunye nemithetho iphembelela izigqibo zotyalo-mali, ukusungulwa komsebenzi, nalapho iinkampani zikhetha khona ukufumana. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi irhafu yenkampani ingakhokelela kwirhafu ephindwe kabini (ngoxa ingeniso ihlawulwa kwakhona njengengeniso yobuqu), lo gama abaxhasi besithi baqinisekisa ukuba ingeniso yengeniso yengeniso inegalelo kwimpahla kawonke-wonke.
  • [[NTLA:0] Irhafu yerhafu ekhutshiweyo: irhafu ecacileyo kwimpahla ezithile, njengepetroli, icuba, icuba, nemipu. Ezi zisoloko zisetyenziselwa ukudambisa ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso eziyingozi (irhafu yesono) okanye ukuxhasa irhafu yemizila yesiseko (irhafu yegesi yendlela).
  • [ Irhafu ehlawulwayo: Ibhatalo yahlawulwa ukusuka kumvuzo ukuya kwintlawulo yeenkqubo ze-inshorensi yoluntu ezifana noKhuseleko loluntu kunye neMedicare kwi-U.S. abasebenzi kunye nabaqeshi banikela, kwaye le rhafu isoloko ihlawulwa kumgangatho othile wengeniso.
  • Irhafu yerhafu neNgceba: kwirhafu ekudluliseni ubutyebi ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye. Le rhafu ithanda ukuphikisana kodwa idlala indima ekunciphiseni ukunqwanqwawa kobutyebi.

Uhlobo ngalunye lwerhafu luneziphumo zalo zezoqoqosho kunye neziphumo zentlalo. Abenzi-nkqubo kufuneka balungelelanise ezi zinto xa besenza inkqubo yerhafu esebenzayo nefanelekileyo.

Indlela Iinkonzo zerhafu zasekuhlaleni

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni (_izakhiwo, izikolo, kunye nezikolo) basebenzisa kakhulu iirhafu zempahla, irhafu yentengiso, kunye neerhafu zemali zoncedo ukunikela iinkonzo ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi babemi bemihla ngemihla. Ngaphandle kwale ngeniso ithe xhaxhe, abantu bebeya kuzama ukugcina izinto ezisisiseko zikawonke-wonke. Olu luhlu lulandelayo luchaza iinkonzo ezingundoqo zasekuhlaleni ezixhaswa yirhafu.

  • Imfundo: izikolo zikawonke-wonke ziyeyona ndleko inkulu kuninzi loorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Irhafu yerhafu yerhafu, izakhiwo zesikolo, iincwadi zobugcisa, kunye nobugcisa. Iincwadi zogcino-zincwadi zoluntu, iinkqubo zemfundo yabantu abadala, kunye namanyathelo angaphambili axhomekeke kwirhafu. Ngokutsho kwe- Iziko lesizwe lemfundo yemfundo yentengiso yemfundo [, malunga no 47% wemali yeK-12 yemali ye-US.
  • Ukhuseleko lwamapolisa: amasebe amapolisa, izitishi zomlilo, iinkonzo zongxamiseko (EMS), kunye no-911 amaziko okuthumela axhaswa ngemali ngerhafu yasekuhlaleni. Ezi nkonzo zikhusela ubomi nempahla, zisabela kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, kwaye zinyanzelisa imithetho. Imali edityanisiweyo iqinisekisa amaxesha okuphendula ngokukhawuleza, izixhobo zale mihla, kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo.
  • Isakhiwo sendlela sobuzwe: Iindlela zasekuhlaleni, iibhulorho, iindlela, iindlela, izibane zesitrato, iimpawu zetrafiki, kunye neenkqubo zamanzi/zenqwelo-moya zifuna utyalo oluqhubekayo. Ugcino kunye nolwakhiwo olutsha zihlawulwa ngerhafu yempahla, iinkcitho ezikhethekileyo, kunye nemali yorhulumente esoloko ifuna imali yokudibanisa izinto. Umzekelo omnye ngumasipala wemakethengi, apho umba werhafuthelo oluxhaswa yirhafu yerhafu exhasa iprojekthi enkulu.
  • Iipaki kunye noHlaziyo: iipaki zikawonke-wonke, iindawo zokudlala, amaziko oluntu, amabala emidlalo, namaqula okudada zisoloko zixhaswa ngenkxaso-mali ngokudityaniswa kwerhafu yempahla kunye nemali yepaki enikezelweyo. Ezi ndawo ziphucula umgangatho wobomi, zikhuthaza umsebenzi womzimba, zibonelela iindawo zokuhlanganisa abantu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukusondela kwimibutho kukwandisa amaxabiso empahla, ukwenza umjikelo olungileyo werhafuzo kunye norhwebo lwengi.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukuhlaziywa kunye noLawulo lweWaste:[ ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, iinkqubo zokuphinda isetyenziswe, ukucoca isitrato, nokususwa kwekhephu ziinkonzo ezibalulekileyo ezigcina uluntu luluhle kwaye lukhuselekile. Ezi zixhaswa ngemali ngerhafu yempahla okanye ngerhafu yomsebenzisi.
  • Izithuthi ze-Public uduladula wobulali, iziporo ezilula, kunye neenkqubo zoololiwe ezihamba ngaphantsi komhlaba zixhomekeke kwintlanganisela yemali ehlawulwayo nerhafu yasekuhlaleni. Iirhafu okanye irhafu yempahla idla ngokusetyenziswa ekulungiseni imisebenzi yothutho, ukwenza ukuhamba okufikelelekayo kufumaneke kubemi abangakwaziyo ukuqhuba okanye abakhetha ukungazifumani imoto.

Umgangatho weenkonzo zasekuhlaleni unxulumene ngqo nempilo yesiseko serhafu sasekuhlaleni. Xa amaxabiso empahla enyuka okanye umsebenzi wezoqoqosho unyuka, ingeniso yerhafu iyakhula, ivumela abantu bafumane imali engakumbi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukukhukuliseka kwerhafu kusenokukhokelela ekunciphiseni inkonzo, ekulondolozweni okubekelwe ixesha elifutshane, nasekuncipheni komgangatho wobomi.

Indlela Imali yerhafu esetyenziswa

Kumgangatho wesizwe sorhulumente, iinkqubo zemali yerhafu neenkonzo eziquka lonke ilizwe kunye nezinto eziza kuqala kulo. Urhulumente wesizwe uxhomekeke ngokuyintloko kwirhafu yengeniso (yomntu ngamnye neyoshishino) kwaye uhlawula iirhafu eziqeshiweyo ukuvelisa izigidi-zigidi zeerandi ezifunekayo nyaka ngamnye. Le mali inikezelwa kwinkqubo yoqingqo-mali yonyaka, ebonakalisa iinjongo ezicwangcisiweyo zesizwe kunye nezivumelwano zentlalo.

  • Ukhuselo noKhuseleko lwesizwe: Olona didi lukhulu lokusebenzisa imali echongiweyo kuqingqo-mali lwezwe lase-U.S. lukhuseleko. Imali yerhafu ihlawulelwa umkhosi (uMkhosi wamanzi, umkhosi woMkhosi woMkhosi woMkhosi woMkhosi woMkhosi, uMkhosi woMkhosi woMkhosi wamanzi, i-Presicrane, uLawulo loMmandla weNtla), amaqumrhu obulumko (CIA, NSA), ukhuseleko lwelizwe, kunye neengenelo zelizwe. Ukugcina ukhuseleko olunamandla lwesizwe yenye yemisebenzi engundoqo karhulumente, njengoko kuchazwe kumGaqonga woMgaqo-siseko 2024 ngonyaka wamawaka ezigidi zezigidi ezi-2024, ezixhaswa phantse ngerhafuthelo yorhulumente kunye nokuboleka.
  • Inkxalabo yerhafu engundoqo: ixhasa iinkqubo zerhafu zempilo ezingundoqo kuquka iMedicare (yabantu abadala nabaneziphene abathile), iMedicaid (abantu abangenamali ininzi kunye neentsapho), kunye nenkqubo yeNkcubeko yempilo (CHIP). Ezi nkqubo zinikezela ngenkcitho yempilo kumashumi ezigidi zamaMelika. Ngaphezu koko, irhafu yemali yemali yeNational Institutes of Health (NIH) yophando lwezamayeza, izikonga lokulawula nokuthintela izifo (CDC) ukuze kufuywe impilo kawonke, kunye neDod and Drugnometic Ad Administration (FFU) yokhuseleko.
  • Ukhuseleko lokhuseleko lobuLuntu: ngokuyintloko inkcitho ehlawulwayo, uKhuseleko lweNtlalo lunika ingeniso yomhlala-phantsi, iingenelo zabasindi, kunye ne-inshorensi ye-inshorensi yesizwe ethandwayo nebalulekileyo, iphakamisa izigidi zabakhulileyo kubuhlwempu. Imali yokhuseleko lokuThemba irhafu ehlawulwayo, ehlawulwa kwingeniso esekelwe kwingeniso esekelwe kwimivuzo yobomi.
  • Isakhiwo kunye nezothutho: Urhulumente worhulumente uhlawula imirhumo kwiindlela zomgaqo-ndlela zesizwe (inkqubo ye-Interstate transmigration), iinqwelo-moya, iziporo zenqwelo-moya, amazibuko, kunye nemeya. Imali yeHigway Trust, exhaswa yirhafu yegesi, ingeniso yemali kunye nokwakhiwa kwebrorho. Umanyano lunika kwakhona uncedo kumazwe kunye neendawo ezakha iiprojekthi ezinkulu zesakhiwo.
  • Imfundo nophando: Nangona imfundo ingumsebenzi wesizwe nowasekuhlaleni, urhulumente wengingqi unika inkxaso ephawulekayo ngemali yemali, ngemali yomfundi, kunye neenkqubo zophando. ISebe lemfundo lihambisa isiHloko I kwizikolo ezifumana imali ephantsi, kunye neNational Science Foundation namanye amasebe axhasa uphando lwenzululwazi eyunivesithi.
  • [[NTL:0] Iinkqubo zoKhuselo lwemali olufunyenweyo kunye neNtlalo-ntle: Iinkqubo ezifana neSomeral Nutrition Application Program (SNAP, ezazisakuba zizitembu zokutya), uncedo lwezindlu, i-inshorensi yokungaqeshwa, kunye nemali yerhafu yengeniso ehlawulwayo ixhaswa yirhafu karhulumente. Ezi nkqubo zibonelela umnatha wokhuseleko kubemi ababuthathaka kwaye zinceda ekuzinziseni kwezoqoqosho ngexesha lengxaki.
  • Ubulungisa kunye noMthetho onyanzelisayo: iinkundla zoMasipala, iintolongo, iFBI, i-Empictivement Administration (DEA), kunye namanye amasebe okunyanzelisa umthetho axhaswa ngemali ngee-erandi zerhafu. La masebe anyanzelisa imithetho karhulumente, izaphuli-mthetho ezigwebayo, kwaye akhusela ukhuseleko lwesizwe.
  • [ Imicimbi yomhlaba wonke:[ uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle, iintlanganiso zobuzwe, igalelo kwimibutho yezizwe ngezizwe (njengeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo), kunye namanyathelo empilo ehlabathi lonke axhaswa ngerhafu. Nangona kudla ngokuphikiswana, oku kuveliswa kwemali kungakhuthaza uzinzo nenkqubela yezoqoqosho kunceda i-U.S.

Ukusasazwa kwerhafu karhulumente ngumbandela wengxoxo eqhubekayo yezobupolitika. Bambi baphikisana ngokwanda kwemali echithwa kwiinkqubo zoluntu, ngoxa abanye bebeka imigaqo ephambili yokuzikhusela okanye ukugawula irhafu. Ingongoma engundoqo kukuba ngaphandle kwengeniso yerhafu, akukho nanye kwezi nkonzo zesizwe ezikhoyo ngoku.

Imiphumo Yerhafu Ngokwezoqoqosho

Irhafu asiyondlela nje yokunyusa ingeniso; iphembelela kakhulu indlela yokuziphatha neziphumo zezoqoqosho. Indlela emisiweyo yenkqubo yerhafu inokuba nempembelelo kwiindleko zabathengi, ekutyaleni ishishini, ekufumaneni umsebenzi, ekugcineni imali egciniweyo, nasekuphuculeni kwezoqoqosho.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Nengeniso Engenamsebenzi

Iirhafu zengeniso yomntu ngamnye zinciphisa ingeniso elahlwayo qha, kwaye imali eshiyekileyo emva kokuhlawula irhafu. Irhafu eqhubekayo yengeniso ithatha isabelo esingakumbi kubavuli bemali, ngoxa irhafu eqengqelekileyo okanye ehlaziyiweyo ithatha inxaxheba enkulu kubahlawuli abasezantsi. Ukutshintsha kwerhafu kungatshintsha indlela yokusebenzisa irhafu: ukuhlawuliswa kwerhafu kunganyusa ukusetyenziswa kwemali ngexesha elifutshane, ngoxa ukwanda kwerhafu kunciphisa imfuno. Isiphumo sokwandisa intsingiselo yerhafu sithetha ukuba ukutshintsha kokusetyenziswa kwemali ngokwezoqoqosho, ukuchaphazela amashishini nomsebenzi.

Iirhafu ezithengiswayo zikwachaphazela ukhetho lwabathengi. Iirhafu eziphezulu kwimpahla ethile (njengezinto zobunewunewu) zinganciphisa ukuthengwa kwazo, ngeli xesha ukukhulula iimfuno kunceda iintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi. Ngenxa yokuba abantu abahlawulwayo befumana imali ephantsi badla ngokuchitha umlinganiselo ophezulu wengeniso yabo, irhafu yentengiso igqalwa njengehlayo ngaphandle kokuba ihlawulwa yityala okanye ikhulula.

Ukurhwebelana Kweshishini Nokuziphatha

Impembelelo yerhafu enxulumene nerhafu esetyenziswa yinkampani apho ikhetha ukufumana, ukuba zityale imali engakanani, nezigqibo zayo zokuqesha. Umlinganiselo ophezulu werhafu yenkampani enxulumene namanye amazwe ungakhuthaza ukutshintshelwa kwimithetho ephantsi yerhafu, into eyaziwa ngokuba kukungahlawulwa kwerhafu. Kwelinye icala, izikhuthazo zerhafu eziqhutywa ngesisa `ezifana nokwehla okukhawulezileyo, uphando, ukutyala, okanye ukuhlawula irhafu yerhafu yerhafu emalini.

Irhafu yekomkhulu ifumana irhafu (ingeniso ebangelwa kukuthengisa iimpahla ezinjenge-masheya) ichaphazela izigqibo zorhwebo. Ingeniso ephantsi yemali ikhuthaza ukuthatha iziphumo zomngcipheko kunye nokujika kwee-asethi, kodwa isenokufak' isandla kwintabalala yobutyebi. I-Tax Cuts neMithetho yooNophelo ka-2017 kwi-U.S. ihlisa isantya serhafu kwinkampani ukusuka kwi 35% ukuya kwi-21%, ngenjongo yokunyusa utyalo-mali lwasekhaya. Uphando lwangaphambili lubonise unyuko olulula kushishino, nangona iziphumo zexesha elide zisaphikisana.

Ukufumana Imisebenzi Nezikhundla Zomsebenzi

Irhafu ehlawulwayo ichaphazela izigqibo zabantu malunga nokuba basebenze, iiyure ezingakanani abafanele basebenze, nokuba basebenze kuzo okanye baqeqeshelwe imfundo eyongezelelekileyo. Irhafu ephezulu inganciphisa intshukumisa yokusebenza kakhulu okanye ifumane imali engakumbi, ingakumbi kubavuni abangaphantsi kwendlu. Kodwa ke, ukunwenwa kwemirhumo yempangelo yengqesho kuyahluka kakhulu ngokweqela (umz., abasebenzi abaphambili bafumana iiyure eziphezulu. abasebenzi abaphantsi abafumana imali). I-Infeed Infendied Reach Cord (EITC) ngumzekelo wendlela yokunyusa ukuthand'impatho yerhafuthelo elungiselelwe ukwandisa ukusebenza kweentsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi ngokunika intlawulo ezinokuhlawulwa yimali.

Ukulondolozwa Nokungeniswa Kwemali

Irhafu kwinzala, ingeniso, kunye nengeniso yemali efunyenweyo iphembelela ukugcinwa kokuziphatha. Ii-akhawunti zomhlala-phantsi ezifana ne-401(k) kunye nee-IRA zinika iingenelo zerhafu ukukhuthaza ukufuduselwa kugcino lwerhafu olude ngexesha elide. Urhwebo phakathi kwerhafu yokukhokha irhafu ngoku (irhafu yokuthengisa) ngoku ngoku ngokuphikisana nokuhlawula irhafu yexesha elizayo (irhafu yengeniso efunyenweyo kwimiqathango yogcino-mali) ngumba ongundoqo kwinkcitho yerhafu. Iingcali ezininzi zezoqoqosho ziphikisa ngokuqhubela ekuqhubeni phambili kwirhafu esekelwe kwirhafu ehmpso, nangona kusekho imingeni.

Ukuzinziswa kwezoqoqosho eMacro

Inkqubo yerhafu izinzisa ngokwayo uqoqosho. Xa inkqubela yezoqoqosho, ingeniso inyuka, inyanzela abantu kwizibiyeli zerhafu eziphezulu kunye nengeniso ephezulu yerhafu, epholisa imfuno. Ngexesha lokurhoxa kwemali, ingeniso kunye nabanye abantu baphulukana nemisebenzi, ukunciphisa umthwalo wabo werhafu nokulungiselela ikhutshilo. Oku kunceda ukucotha umjikelo weshishini ngaphandle kokufuna umthetho omtsha. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yerhafu ecacileyo (umz., ukuhla kwerhafuthelo yexeshana) ingasetyenziswa ukukhuthaza uqoqosho oludambisayo.

Iingxaki Neerhafu Ezingqonge Irhafu

Nangona ziyimfuneko, ngokufuthi irhafu ingumbandela wengxoxo eshushu.

Ikamva Lokuhlawulwa Kwerhafu

Njengokuba ubugcisa, inani labemi, kunye nemeko yezoqoqosho ziguquka, iinkqubo zerhafu kufuneka zilungelelanise ukuze zihlale zisebenza kwaye zilingana. Izinto ezininzi kunye notshintsho olunokubakho zifumaneka.

Isiphelo

Irhafu ingaphezulu kakhulu kunentengo zaminyaka le ezivela kwii-checks zerhafu. Ziyindlela abemi abaqokelela ngayo iinkonzo nezibonelelo ezixhasa ubomi bale mihla. Ukusuka kwibhodi yesikolo yasekuhlaleni ukuya kwizixhobo zokhuselo lwesizwe, ii-dola zerhafu zenza kube lula ukuthengwa kwabantu ngentengiso. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwerhafu kuquka ukulungelelaniswa komlinganiselo othe ngcembe phakathi kokunyusa imali eyaneleyo nokuhlisa ukugqwethwa kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokulunga kobulungisa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ukusebenzisa inkqubo yerhafu `ekukuvota, amagqabaza kawonke-wonke, okanye ingxoxo yoluntu lonke . Yimbopheleleko yezentlalo. Inkqubo yerhafu ecwangcisiweyo ingakhuthaza ukukhula kwezoqoqosho, inciphise ukungalingani, ixhase iinkonzo eziphucula umgangatho wobomi. Njengokuba inkqubo yezoqoqosho itshintsha, kufuneka ilungelelene nobugcisa obutsha, imingeni yehlabathi, kunye nokutshintsha kwemilinganiselo yentlalo. Ngokuxabisa iinzuzo kunye neengxaki zerhafu, abemi bangaba negalelo kwikamva elisebenzayo nelingenakuguqulwa.