Table of Contents

Izizathu zokuba Ukubonakala ngokucace gca kukaRhulumente kungapheli

Ubungqina obucacileyo be-demokhrasi obusebenzayo buye babangela ukuba urhulumente ahlale engaziqondi kakuhle izigqibo ezenziwayo, indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo iimali zikawonke-wonke, nokuba amagosa anyuliweyo asebenza ngayo, nokuba amagosa anokukhetha asebenza ngoncedo lukawonke-wonke. Ukubona ngaphaya koko kwanelisa imfuno yofunxo; kudala inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela egcina amandla exhomekeke ekulawuleni. Xa oorhulumente besebenza ngokukhululekileyo, banciphisa ubuqhophololo, ukuphatha kakubi, nokuxhaphaza igunya. Izakhono ezibona oko kwenziwa ngurhulumente zisemngciphekweni wokuthemba ukuba ii-iranti zerhafu, yaye izigqibo zenkqubo zisenziwa ngokusekelwe kubungqina, kungekhona ekukhetheni.

Ngokwembali, ukunyanzelelwa kokubonakala ngokucacileyo kuye kwakhokelela kumthetho obalulekileyo onjengoMthetho weFreedom of Information Act (FOIA) eUnited States kunye nemithetho efanayo kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100. Le mithetho inika abemi ilungelo elisemthethweni lokufikelela kwiirekhodi zikarhulumente kunye ne-data. Kodwa ukuba nesiseko somthetho nje akwanele. I-data kufuneka ipapashwe ngokuqhubekayo, kwiifomati abemi neentatheli abanokuzisebenzisa.

Ukuchaza Ugcino-lwazi Oluvulekileyo: Alukho nje Ulwazi Lukawonke - wonke

I-data evulekileyo ibhekisela kulwazi olufumaneka kwi-intanethi, ngaphandle kwentlawulo, ngendlela elungelelanisiweyo, efundeka ngomatshini, umntu anokufikelela kuyo, ayisebenzise, kwaye yabelane ngayo. Ihamba kakuhle ngaphaya kweengxelo ezilula ze-PDF okanye amaxwebhu avavanyiweyo. I-data enyani ilungiselelwe ukuphinda isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoku oorhulumente ehlabathini lonke bapapasha ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo ngoqingqo-mali, iindleko, imfundo, imfundo, ingqokelela yamanani yolwaphulo-mthetho, ukujongwa kwemekobume bemeko-bume, nezinye izinto ezininzi.

Iimpawu ze data evulekileyo

Ukuze idata ifaneleke njengevulekileyo, kufuneka ifikelele iindidi eziliqela ezikhethekileyo, njengoko zichazwe yiNkcazelo evulekileyo kwaye iphakanyiswe yimibutho efana neOpen Data Charter:

  • [[Unikezelo:0] Unikezelo oluvulekileyo: Ugcino-lwazi kufuneka lufumaneke ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle kokungena, ukuhlawula, okanye ukuvalwa kwemiqathango.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukufumaneka: Ifomati enjenge CSV, JSON, XML, okanye AP Ivumela uqhubekeko oluzenzekelayo nohlalutyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Non- Propritary: Akukho mxhasi omnye okanye iqonga elimele libe nedata. Kufuneka isebenzise imigangatho evulekileyo.
  • Ugcino-lwazi lwexesha: lumele lupapashwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka emva koqokelelo, ngokufanelekileyo kufuphi nexesha lokwenene lemilinganiso yeqhosha njengokwenziwa kohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali okanye iziphumo zonyulo.
  • Ukugcwala: kwedata kufuneka iquke zonke iirekhodi ezikhoyo, hayi iiseti ezincinci ezikhethelwe ukuthatha inqaku elithile.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Licens: Iphepha-mvume elivulekileyo (njenge Commosting Directs okanye ODbL) inika ngokucacileyo imvume yokuphinda usebenzise, uguqule, kwaye usasaze ugcino-lwazi.

Ngaphandle kwezi mpawu, ugcino-lwazi luhlala luzizi- lufumaneka kwi ngcamango kodwa lungasebenzi. Oorhulumente abaninzi basasilela kule migangatho, bapapasha ii-PDF endaweni yezandi ezichaphazelekayo okanye bafuna abasebenzisi ukuba bafake izicelo eziqhelekileyo ze data nganye.

Ukwahlula - hlula Kwedemocratic Yogcino - lwazi Oluvulekileyo

Xa oorhulumente bevula inkcazelo, iingenelo zifikelela kwibutho labantu ngeendlela eziyomeleza impilo yedemokhrasi ngokuthe ngqo nangangqalanga.

Ukunika Abemi Ulawulo Nebutho Labemi

Ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lunika abemi abaqhelekileyo izinto ezingalungiswanga ukuze bagcine amagosa etyala. Abacholacholi bezixhobo zikarhulumente ukutyhila inkunkuma. Amaqela ajongileyo angakhangela iimvume zokusingqongileyo kunye nomgangatho wongcoliso. Abazali bangathelekisa ukusebenza kwemfundo yesikolo. Ngokomzekelo, eKenya, iProfesi Yogcino-lwazi Evulekileyo ikhupha ulwabiwo loqingqo-mali kunye neenkcukacha, zinceda abemi kunye namajelo eendaba obulali ukuba bagwebe izinto ezingahambi kakuhle. Ngokufanayo, i-.Data.gov iqonga leqonga leplatfomu eUnited States inika i-data engaphezu kwama-200 000 enika amandla oqingqo kunye nophando lwawonke.

Ukwenziwa kwesigqibo ngobuchule

Ukufikelela kugcino-lwazi lwangoku, oluthembekileyo kuvumela abavoti ukuba benze ukhetho lolwazi kwibhokisi yokuvota. Bangathelekisa iirekhodi zabatshati, iminikelo yezemali yephulo lokulandelela inkxaso-mali, kwaye baqonde iimpembelelo zokwenene zezicelo zomgaqo-siseko. Ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lukwaxhasa izixhobo zolawulo-lwazi oluthe ngqo ezifana noqingqo-mali olunolwahlulo, apho abemi bagqiba ukuba bayinike njani inxalenye yemali kawonke-wonke esekelwe kugcino-lwazi olunenkcukacha zokuchitha.

Ukukhuthaza Nokubaluleka Kwezoqoqosho

Icandelo labucala kunye neeprojekthi ezingaziphumeleliyo zakha zonke iimodeli zeshishini kufutshane ne-data karhulumente evulekileyo. Iinkqubo zokuhamba ngenqanawa zisebenzisa ixesha lokwenene lezithuthi kunye nogcino-lwazi lokuthuthwa. Ukuqalisa kwezolimo kusebenzisa imozulu kunye nogcino-lwazi lwehlabathi ukunceda abalimi. Abaphandi abasebenzisa ulwazi olungaziwayo lwezonyango ukuze balandele ukuqhambuka kwezifo. Uhlolisiso lwama-2019 lwe-2019 lwe-Theyoloji ye-Portal luthelekelele ixabiso lezoqoqosho logcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo kwi-EUS kwi-yuroyibhili-illiyo ngonyaka. Xa ugcino-lwazi luhamba ngokukhululekileyo lulandela.

Ukuphucula Ubuchule Borhulumente

Ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lukwanceda oorhulumente ngokwabo. Ngokupapasha ugcino-lwazi esidlangalaleni, abameli bangabona ii-redungancic, ukusetyenziswa kwe-parking, kwaye banciphise umthwalo wezicelo ze-FOIA. Ulwabelana nge-data yangaphakathi phakathi kwamasebe kuyaphucula xa imigangatho evulekileyo ifunyenwe. Umzekelo, i-United Kingdom’s data. u-uk unceda ukunciphisa iindleko-mali ngokusebenzisa i-data esezantsi kumbindi nakurhulumente basekuhlaleni.

Oovulindlela Behlabathi lokwenene Bogcino-lwazi Oluvulekileyo Lorhulumente

Izixeko namazwe aliqela aye abonisa ukuba inkcazelo evulekileyo asiyongcamango engokwakwakwayalelwa kodwa yinto yokwenene enokwenzeka nenokuba nemiphumo engenakuthelekiswa nanto.

EUnited States: Ugcino-lwazi.gov kunye nangaphaya

Yaqaliswa ngo 2009, ugcino-lwazi.gov yayingomnye wemibutho yokuqala yogcino-lwazi olubanzi yesizwe. Ikhupha ugcino-lwazi kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwimozulu ukuya kwimfundo. Iqonga likwanika umbhekisi phambili AP Is kunye nezixhobo zoluntu. Noko ke, uzalisekiso luyahluka ngorhulumente norhulumente wasekuhlaleni; izixeko ezinjenge New York neChicago zinendawo yazo eziphambili zogcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo eziqhuba ubugcisa nokukhanya kwequmrhu.

UBukumkani Obumanyeneyo: Inkokeli Yomhlaba Wonke Kwinkcazelo Evulekileyo

Ugcino-lwazi lwe-UK.gov.uk iyinxalenye yezibophelelo zeOpen Government Priventship (OGP). Ifake imigaqo-data yexabiso eliphezulu kwiindawo ezifana nokuchitha ukukhanya, iibhanki, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwengingqi. I-UK yaseka i-Open Data Institute (ODI) uphando lwendlela engcono yokusebenza kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi becandelo likarhulumente. Isiphumo: ukwanda kokuthemba amaziko kawonke-wonke kunye nemeko echumayo yokuqalisa isebenzisa ugcino-data lukarhulumente oluvulekileyo.

IBarcelona, eSpeyin: Isixeko- Isixeko Esivulekileyo Ugcino-lwazi Oluvulekileyo

I- evulekileyo yogcino-lwazi yimodeli yembonakalo kamasipala. Inika ugcino-lwazi oluphilayo lothutho, ugutyulo-nkqubo, usetyenziso lwamandla, kunye nezikhalazo zabemi. Esi sixeko sikwavula ugcino-lwazi olubanzi kunye neenkqubo zemfundo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abemi bangalusebenzisa ngokwenene ulwazi. Umzekelo, i-app eyakhiwe kugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo luka-Barcelona lunceda abemi bacelele iindlela ezizilungeleleneyo ezingaphaya kwesixeko.

EKenya: Ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lophuhliso

I-Open Data Initive (data.goke) yaseKenya yaqalisa ngo-2011 njengomgudu wobuvulindlela eAfrika. Yapapasha ugcino-lwazi loqingqo-mali lwesizwe, imali esetyenziswa kwingingqi yengingqi, iziphumo zemfundo, kunye neziko lezempilo. Abacholacholi basebenzisa ugcino-lwazi ukufukula abasebenzi bezipokopopo kwibhusayithi, begcina izigidi zeerandi. Nangona kunjalo, ukubeka umgangatho we-data kunye nokulondolozwa kwemali, i-Kenya ingumzekelo onamandla wokulwa nokonakala kolawulo-democracracy.

Ukuthintela Imiqobo Yokuvula Ugcino - lwazi Olunempumelelo

Nangona ziluncedo, amanyathelo avulekileyo ogcino-lwazi ajongene neenkcitho ezinkulu. Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki kubalulekile ekuyileni iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokubonisa ukukhanya.

Ugcino - lwazi Nonqabiseko

Uxinzeleleko phakathi kokubonakala nokuzimela kuyinto yokwenene. Iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi olupapashiweyo ezingaqondanga zingalubhenca ngokwazo ulwazi olubonakalayo (PII). Umzekelo, ukukhupha impilo okanye ugcino-lwazi lolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle kokuzichaza okufanelekileyo kungabonisa ukuba abantu balunikiwe. Oorhulumente kufuneka baveze ulungelelwano oluluqilima, besebenzisa ubuchule obufana ne-agbudiv, kunye nokukhupha ulwazi olusemthethweni. I-General The Office’s Therection Regial Teatection (GDPR) imisela imithetho engqongqo, kodwa kwakhona isenokusetyenziswa ukuthethelela izenzo ezingezo ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa ngokuqwalaselayo.

Ubuchule kunye nobuchule besakhelo

Amasebe amaninzi karhulumente aswele uqingqo-mali, abasebenzi, okanye ubuchule bokwakha nokugcina ii-portal zogcino-lwazi ezivulekileyo. Iinkqubo zelifa azinakurhweba ngaphandle ugcino-lwazi kwiifomati zomatshini ezifundekayo. Kwanaxa kukho amazibuko, amaxwebhu angephi, i-metadata elahlekileyo, kunye nookrwelelo olungenazintlu-mali abasebenzisi abathanjiswayo. Ukusasaza ulwazi oluvulekileyo lufuna ugcino-mali olugciniweyo kwi-ITAR kunye noqeqesho.

Umgangatho wogcino-lwazi kunye nokuthembeka

Ukuba i-data epapashiweyo iphelelwe lixesha, ayichananga, okanye ayiphelelanga, inciphisa ukuthembana okunenjongo yolwakhiwo. Izakhamuzi ezifumana iimpazamo kugcino-lwazi lukarhulumente zingaba ngabagxeki kunokuba zifake igalelo. Ukukhuthaza ubunjani bufuna ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi, ubuchule bokwenza ingxelo yoncedo, kunye nokuphicothwa rhoqo. Abanye oorhulumente baye baseka imigangatho evulekileyo yomgangatho wogcino-lwazi kwaye banika amanqaku okuchaza iimpazamo.

Ukuchasa Kwezobupolitika Neenkcubeko Zaseburhulumenteni

Asingamagosa karhulumente onke amkela ukubonakala. Ukuvuleka kwenkcazelo kungabhenca ukunganyaniseki, ukungafezeki, okanye izigqibo ezingathandwayo. Iinkokeli zezobupolitika zingakuchasa ukukhutshwa kolwazi olunokusetyenziswa kuzo kunyulo. Abasebenzi bezomsebenzi basenokuboyika ukuba umsebenzi wabo uza kuqwalaselwa. Ukulwa noku kudinga imiyalelo enamandla yemithetho, ingcinezelo yoluntu, kunye nokutshintshwa kwenkcubeko ekujongeni ulwazi oluvulekileyo njengesixhobo sokulawula okungcono kunokuba isisongelo.

Ukwakha Iqela: Indlela Yokuqhubela Phambili Ugcino - lwazi Oluvulekileyo Kuluntu Lwakho

Abemi, intatheli, iingcali zobugcisa, nabaxhasi bonke banendima yokutyhalela phambili inkcazelo. Nantsi amanyathelo acacileyo anokwenza umahluko.

Abameli Benkqubo Yolwazi Evulekileyo

Tyhala oorhulumente basekuhlaleni, urhulumente, kunye nesizwe ukwamkela imithetho yogcino-lwazi evulekileyo. Oku kufuneka kufune ukuba abameli bapapashe ii-data zexabiso eliphezulu, besebenzisa iifomati ezivulekileyo, phantsi kwelayisensi evuliweyo. Imigaqo engcono iquka iilori zexesha, imigangatho yogcino-lwazi encinane, kunye nokungafihlisi ngaphandle kokuba kusetyenziswe imvume ethile ekhethekileyo.

Ukubhalisa nokwenza umsebenzi wesiCwangciso-nkqubo somsebenzi

Ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo luxabiseke kuphela ukuba abantu banokulusebenzisa. Lumisele uqeqesho kwimizi - mveliso yeentatheli, amaqela oluntu, kunye nabafundi. Ukudibanisa amathala eencwadi neekliniki zogcino-lwazi. Yenza uluvo olulula olubonisa amandla ogcino-lwazi (ngokomzekelo, ukuzoba izalathiso zoqingqo-mali zasekuhlaleni okanye iingxelo zovavanyo lwesikolo. Okukhona abantu abaninzi bebona iziphumo ezicacileyo, kokukhona beya kufuna ulwazi oluvulekileyo.

Ukunxibelelana NamaQela Karhulumente

Chaza amagosa anovelwano okanye abasebenzi besebe abasele bekholelwa ekubonakaleni. Zicelele ukubanceda ukuba bafumane ikhatagoti kunye nemifanekiso ecocekileyo. Makhe ukwakhiwa kwebhodi encinci okanye i-app ebonisa ukubaluleka kogcino-lwazi lwabo. Amabali aphumelelayo aphuma kurhulumente anamandla okuguqula izinto.

Imisebenzi

Eyona ndlela ingcono yokubonisa imfuneko yogcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo kukuyisebenzisa. Yakha i-website, bhala iposi yeblog, yenza ibali logcino-lwazi, okanye velisa i-app eneselula. Emva koko yabelane ngomsebenzi wakho ngokubanzi. Xa unyulwe amagosa abona abemi bebandakanyeka kugcino-lwazi(-/ kwaye xa befumana ingxelo eyamkelekileyo ye-media media, bakulungele ngakumbi ukunikela kwiinkqubo zogcino-lwazi ezivulekileyo.

Ubuxhakaxhaka obukhoyo: Izakhiwo nemigangatho

Ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lwangoku luxhomekeke kwizibonelelo zobugcisa ezomeleleyo. Oorhulumente abaninzi bamkela amaqonga anikezelweyo njenge-CKAN, i-Socrata, okanye i-DKAN (isisombululo esisekelwe kuMchako). Ezi nkqubo zinika udweliso, ukuphengulula, u-API, kunye nomthamo wemibhobho yogcino-lwazi wexesha lokwenene esebenzisa i-APIm kunye neenkonzo eziqukuqelayo, ezivumela abemi belizwe ukuba babone ulwazi oluphilayo kwi-transport, kumgangatho womoya, nomgangatho wenkcicicici.

Idityaniswe kukhetho lobugcisa bukubaluleka kwemigangatho. Ukusetyenziswa kwemizobo eqhelekileyo yogcino-lwazi, njenge International Aid Transparency Initiatiatiatiatiation (IATA) imigangatho yoncedo lwamanye amazwe okanye i-Open311 umgangatho kwizicelo zoncedo lwasekuhlaleni, iqinisekisa ukuba ugcino-lwazi olusuka kumasebe ahlukeneyo lungadityaniswa kwaye luthelekiswe. Ngokufanayo, ukwamkela amagama e-DCAT kwiikhathalo zogcino-lwazi kuphucula ukufunyanwa kolwazi olunqamlezileyo.

Inxulumanisa Ugcino-lwazi Oluvulekileyo Kwimpilo Yedemokhrasi: Iseti yefreyithi eqhubekayo

Ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo aluzenzeki luvelise ulawulo-demokhrasi olusempilweni entle. Lufuna indalo esebenzayo: iintatheli eziphanda, abaphandi bezixhobo zoluntu abakha izixhobo, abafundisi abafundisa ubuchule bogcino-lwazi, kunye nabemi abafuna ukuphenduliswa kolwazi. Kodwa xa zonke ezo ziqwenga zisebukweni, zivula ugcino-lwazi olulungileyo. Ukubonakala okungakumbi kukhokelela ekuthembeni kakhulu, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukuba abantu bathathe inxaxheba. Ukuncedisa kubangela iimfuno ezintsha, ezinyanzela oorhulumente ukuba bafune ugcino-lwazi luvule lula.

Imizekelo ephikisayo ikhona. Kumazwe apho ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lukhona kodwa lunqabile ukusetyenziswa, okanye apho ugcino-lwazi lupapashwa khona kuphela ukukhangela ibhokisi, inzuzo yedemokhrasi ayifezeki. Yiyo loo nto ibalulekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nokwakhiwa komsebenzi.

Indima yobuntlola obuyenziwa kunye nobugcisa obudityanisiweyo

Ufundo lwe-AI kunye nomatshini lulungelelanisa ukwandisa amandla ogcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo. Uhlalutyo oluzenzekelayo lungahlola izigidi zeengxelo zokuchithwa kwemali ukufumanisa iipateni ezibonisa ukuqhatha. Ulungelelwaniso lolwimi lwendalo lungakhupha ulwazi olungundoqo kwimizuzu yeentlanganiso zikarhulumente. Noko ke, ezi tekikiniki zinye zinyusa iingozi ezintsha /(bias kwii-algorithms, ukujonga, kunye nokukwazi ukusetyenziswa kakubi kogcino-lwazi. Imigaqo-lwazi e-democratic kufuneka iguqulele ecaleni kobuxhakaxhakaxhakaxhakaxhakaxhaka bemithetho yokuphendula kwemithetho-algorithi zemithetho yomthetho nokuyalelo lwezixhobo zikarhulumente ze-alkhrasi.

Isiphelo: Vula Ugcino-lwazi njengoMlawuli wedemokhrasi

Ukubonisa ngaphaya kwengqondo asilophawu oluzikhethelayo lwedemokhrasi; luyimfuneko. Ngaphandle kwayo, abemi baba ngamalungu kunokuba babe yinkosi. Ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo yeyona ndlela inamandla yenze ukuba kubekho ubunyaniso bemihla ngemihla. Ukusuka kwibhodi yesikolo yasekuhlaleni ukuya kumgangatho wogcino-mali wesizwe, ukupapasha ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo, olunokuphinda luguqule ulwalamano phakathi korhulumente nolawulo.

Indlela engaphambili ifuna umgudu ozingisileyo: imithetho eyomeleleyo, ubugcisa obungcono, umgangatho ophezulu wogcino-lwazi, kunye nokuganana okunzulu. Kodwa i-Democracs emkela i-data evulekileyo iyasabela, iyaphumelela, kwaye ithenjwa kakhulu. Banika abemi ulwazi abalufunayo ukuze bacinge kakuhle, bavote ngobulumko, kwaye bathelele ngokwentsingiselo. Kwixesha lokukhula kokungaqiniseki nokuncipha kwentelekelelo yequmrhu, ugcino-lwazi aluyombono nje elungileyo, kwaye luxhomekeke kwimpilo yedemokhrasi.