Kuyintoni Ukubuyiselwa?

Ulungiso yinkqubo yemithetho, imiyalelo, kunye nemigangatho emiselwe kwaye inyanzeliswe ligunya likarhulumente elimiselweyo (ngoba ngumbutho karhulumente, ikhomishini ezimeleyo, okanye iqumrhu lezizwe ngezizwe (*."ukulawula ukuziphatha kwithambeka elithile). Umlinganiselo walo mkhulu, usasaze iimarike zezoqoqosho, ukhuseleko lwemekobume, ukhuseleko lwabathengi, imisebenzi yezemali, iinkonzo zemali, kunye nempilo kawonke-wonke. Embilini yayo, ulawulo lukhona ukulungisa ukungaphumeleli kwentengiso (ngokufana nolawulo lwe-onymonomoneticsmeetries, okanye ulwazi olubi olufana nongcolisi, ukukhusela intlalo-ntle yoluntu, kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yezoqoqosho neyomibutho yabantu iqhutywa ngokukhuselekileyo, nangokuthelekelelwa.

Umgaqo-siseko uthatha iindlela ezininzi: umthetho oyintloko odluliselwa ziipalamente, umthetho wesibini (imithetho nemiyalelo) okhutshwa ngabameli, ulawulo lobuqu yimibutho yamashishini, kunye nolawulo lomanyano apho intlangano yoluntu neyobucala isabelana khona ngembopheleleko. Umzekelo, abalawuli bemali njenge-U.S. Ulawulo kunye neKhomishoni ye-Exchange imisela imithetho yokugcinwa kweemali, ngelixa abameli bemida yokukhupha imiqathango. Ukuqonda ukuvela komgaqo wemithetho eninzi kuyafuneka kuye nabani na obandakanye nezoshishino, ulawulo, imfundo, okanye inkqubo kawonke-wonke, ngenxa yokuba imimiselo ayihlali ndawonye; ihlahlela ngobuchule, izinto ezifunwa ngabantu, kunye nolawulo lwezopolitiko.

Kubafundisi-mfundo nabafundi, ukuyiqonda kakuhle into ethetha ukuba ayiyoseti yemiqathango kodwa yinkqubo eyenza abantu bathembeke, baphuculwe, kunye nozinzo lwexesha elide lwezoqoqosho. Ngaphandle komthetho, iimarike zinokuba nesiphithiphithi, zingakhuseleki, okanye zisebenzise kakubi. Ngomgaqo oqikeleleyo, ibutho labantu linokufikelela ulungelelwano phakathi kwenkululeko nongameli, ngokulungelelana okungundoqo wengxoxo eqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa.

Imigaqo Engundoqo Yokubuyiselwa

Umthetho osebenzayo usekelwe kwiseti yemigaqo esisiseko eqinisekisa ukuba imithetho isemthethweni, ilungile, kwaye iyasebenziseka. Le migaqo ikhokela uyilo, ukuphumeza, kunye novavanyo lweenkqubo zolawulo. Ngelixesha ulawulo olwahlukileyo lungagxininisa amaxabiso ahlukeneyo, le migaqo ilandelayo ithatyathwa ngokubanzi njengeyimfuneko yimibutho enje [[FLT: 0] ECD kunye ne Branck World.

Ukubonakala kwelinye icala

Ukwalathisa kumgaqo kuthetha ukuba imithetho ngokwayo, iinkqubo ezidalwe ngazo, kunye nokuqiqa okungasemva kwazo kuvuleke, kulula, kwaye kuyaqondakala kuwo onke amaqela achaphazelekayo. Lo mgaqo wakha ukuthembana kwaye wenza abaxhasi bomgxuma bazi iimfanelo namalungelo abo. Ukuba mhlophe kubandakanya ukupapashwa kwemithetho ecetyiweyo yokugqabaza uwonke wonke, ukugcina iibhanki ezicacileyo zemimiselo, nokunika iimfihlelo ezicacileyo ngolwimi olucacileyo kubantu abangengochwepheshe.

Ngokomzekelo, xa i-European Union yamkela umthetho omtsha, ikhupha uhlolo lwempembelelo, imibhalo yedrafti, kunye nengxelo ekhutshwayo kwi-intanethi. Ngokufanayo, i-U.S. Federal Register ivumela abemi ukuba balandele iinguqu ezicetyiweyo. Ukubona gca akusebenzi ekwenzeni imithetho kuphela. Abalawuli kufuneka bazise indlela ababeka ngayo uhlolo, oko kubangela ukuba izigwebo, nendlela yokubhenela. Ngaphandle kokukhanya, imigaqo ingabonakala ingenamkhethe okanye iphathwe zizinto ezikhethekileyo, ibangela ukuthotyelwa nokuthemba kukawonke wonke.

Kwimfundo, ukufundisa ngokucace gca kunceda oogqirha bexesha elizayo baqonde ukuba ukuvuleka komgaqo-nkqubo kukhuselwa yidemokhrasi. Kwakhona kunceda amashishini amancinane asenokungabi nawo amasebe angokwasemthethweni: xa imimiselo ichazwa ngokucacileyo, ayakwazi ukuthobela ngaphandle kwecebiso elibiza imali eninzi.

Umbuzo

Ukuphendula kuqinisekisa ukuba amagunya olawulo ayaphendula ngezenzo zawo, izigqibo, nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Lo mgaqo ngumxhasi wegunya elinikwe abalawuli. Iinkqubo zokuphendula ziquka ukuhlolisiswa kwezenzo zolawulo, ulawulo lwepalamente, ababhali abazimeleyo, amadoda azimeleyo, kunye nokuxelelwa komthetho kubantu bonke.

Umzekelo, i-ofisi ye-U.K. yeRail kunye neNdlela ipapasha iingxelo zonyaka ngomsebenzi wayo kwaye iphantsi kokuhlolisiswa yiKomiti Yokukhetha Izithuthi. Kwicandelo lemali, iFederal Reserve imele ijongene neKhonkqele kwaye iphumeze uphicotho-zincwadi rhoqo. Xa abalawuli begqitha okanye besilela ukwenza, izitishi zokuphendula zivumela ukulungiswa nokubuyiselwa. Lo mgaqo udinisa umgaqo owenyanisekileyo kwaye ukhuthaza ukungaguquguquki, ukwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kubungqina.

Kubafundi, ukuqwalasela ukuphendula ityala kubalaselisa ukubaluleka kovavanyo nolungelelwano. Kukwabonisa ukuba abalawuli abamele banyanzelise imithetho kodwa bakwathethelela izinto eziza kuqala kubo kunye nokunikwa kwabo oovimba,(a isifundo solawulo lwemigaqo esebenzayo nakweyiphi na indima yokhokelo.

Ukungaguqu-guquki

Ukungaguquguquki kuthetha ukuba imithetho isetyenziswa ngokulinganayo kwiimeko ezifanayo naxa kudlula ixesha, ngaphandle kocalulo olungafanelekanga. Lo mgaqo uxhasa ukuxelwa kwangaphambili, okubalulekileyo ekucebiseni ishishini notyalo-mali. Inkampani evula umzi-zimfo kwingingqi enye kufuneka ijongene neemfuno ezifanayo zomthetho njengomkhuphiswano kwingingqi ethile, xa kuthe kwafana neemeko.

Umthetho otshintsha-tshintshayo ubangela ukungaqiniseki. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba imvume yokusingqongileyo inikwa ngokwahlukileyo ngamasebe amabini asekuhlaleni ombutho omnye, amashishini angafuduka afikelele kulawulo olude, acuthe injongo yomthetho. Ukungaguquki kufuna ukuba imithetho ingatshintshi ngokutshintshayo, kodwa xa itshintsha, iinguqulelo zilawulwa kakuhle (umz., imisebenzi ekhoyo).

Izivumelwano zorhwebo lwehlabathi zisoloko zifuna ukungaguquguquki njengemeko yokufumana intengiso. Imigaqo yeWorld Trade Organization engachaphazeli (indlela yonyango lohlanga kunye nokuphathwa kwesizwe) yimizekelo yokungaguquguquki kumgangatho wehlabathi jikelele. Kubafundisi- ntsapho, ukugxininisa ukungaguquguquki kunceda abafundi baqonde ukuba umgaqo awuyo umsebenzi osisizibalo kodwa uyindlela yokudibanisa izinto.

Ulwandiso

Ulawulo lufuna ukuba ukubekwa komgaqo kuthelekiswe kumgangatho womngcipheko okanye womonakalo ofuna ukuwuthintela. Ngamanye amazwi, eyona miqathango inzima ifanele igcinelwe ezona ngxaki zinzima, ngelixesha imisebenzi ephantsi kufuneka ijongene nolawulo olulula. Lo mgaqo uthintela ukusetyenziswa komthetho, okunokuthi kuthintele ukuvela, amashishini amancinane omthwalo, kunye nokuchitha ubuncwane babantu.

Umzekelo oqhelekileyo ngumthetho wezixhobo zezamayeza: isicinezeli solwimi esilula sifuna uvavanyo oluncinci kunomenzi wesantya. Ubuchule bubophelelekile kwizakhiwo ezininzi zolawulo, ezifana ne-EU “Umgaqo wokucaphula Omncinci”, ofuna abalawuli ukuqwalasela impembelelo kushishino oluncinci noluphakathi. Ngokufanayo, imigaqo yendawo engqongileyo idla ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezithe tyaba: amaziko anemiqathango ephezulu ejongene nobuso obungqongqo kwaye evumela.

Ukwenziwa kwepropati kubandakanya uhlalutyo lwexabiso le-benefit. Abalawuli kufuneka bahlole ukuba iingenelo zomthetho (umz., ubomi obugciniweyo okanye ungcoliso luncitshisiwe) bathethelela iindleko zokuthobela ezibekwe kwibutho labantu. Ukufundisa lo mgaqo kuxhobisa abafundi ngelebhu egxekayo ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba umthetho umiselwe kakuhle okanye ugqithise kakhulu (ubuchule obuyimfuneko kubahlalutyi benkqubo, iinkokeli zeshishini, kunye nabaxhasi.

Ubungqina

Ukubandakanyeka (okukwabizwa ngokuba kukuthabatha inxaxheba okanye ukufakwa kwesixhobo) kuthetha ukuba abo baza kuchatshazelwa ngumthetho banethuba lokufak' isandla kwinkqubela-phambili nokuzihlaziya kwawo. Lo mgaqo uphucula ubunjani bolawulo ngokusebenzisa ubuchule behlabathi lokwenene, ngokuvelisa iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga, nokukhuthaza ukuthengwa. Ukuthengwa kungathatha uhlobo lwamaxesha okugqabaza kawonke-wonke, iikomiti zolawulo, iinkampani, iingxoxo zekhompyutha, okanye amaqabane kunye neenkampani zemizi - mveliso.

Umzekelo, xa iKhomishini yoNxibelelwano loMbutho woManyano-Mgaqo-ntle wase-U.S. icela amagqabaza asuka kubanikezeli benkonzo ye-intanethi, amaqela abathengi, kunye noluntu. Impendulo isoloko ibumba imithetho yokugqibela. Isivumelwano asisosiganeko sexesha elinye; kufuneka siqhubeke, kunye nenkqubo yabafaki-nxaxheba ukuchaza imibango okanye ukucebisa uphuculo emva kokuba imithetho ikhona.

Ngokungathi kunjalo, ukuganana kufuneka kube yinto yokwenene. Ukuba unxibelelwano luyiproproforma okanye lulawulwa zizinto ezinamandla, lungafumana imiphumo emibi. Ukuganana okunempumelelo kuqinisekisa ukuba amalizwi ahlukeneyo avakala, kuquka lawo abathengi, abasebenzi, kunye nabantu abahlala kunye, hayi nje izinto ezilawulwayo. Kubafundi, lo mgaqo ubonisa ukuba umgaqo awuyo inkqubo ephezulu kodwa esebenzayo.

Eminye Imigaqo: Ukwaneliseka Nomthetho

Ngapha kwemiqathango emihlanu engundoqo, eminye emibini ifanele ukukhankanya. ukuphumelela kufuna ukuba imimiselo iphumeze iinjongo zayo ngexabiso eliphantsi elinokwenzeka, ithintele imithwalo engeyomfuneko yolawulo. [ ECD i-Religitation Assessionment isiseko sesiseko senkqubo esicacileyo senkqubo engundoqo. ] ifuna ukuba yonke imimiselo ibe nesiseko esifanelekileyo somthetho, ikwigunya lokuqulunqwenga, kwaye ihlonela amalungelo omgaqo-siseko. Le migaqo iphelelisa izisembilini ezi-5 kwaye ibalulekile kwinkqubo yokukhula. [[FLT]

Indima Yemizimba Elawulayo

Amaqumrhu alawulayo ngamaziko aphathiswe ukwenza, ukuphonononga, kunye nokuhlaziya imimiselo. Asuka kumaqumrhu anamandla karhulumente (njenge-U.S. Protection Protection Agency) ukuya kwii-oventies (njenge-U.K. ukhuphiswano neGunyaziso lomgangatho karhulumente) kunye neebhodi zomgangatho karhulumente. Imisebenzi yawo i-mininzi ngokudimensionation, kwaye iyayiqonda icacisa indlela imigaqo engenakuchazwa enokuba yeyokwenene ngayo.

Isalathisi soMsebenzi

Umsebenzi ongundoqo walo naliphi na iqumrhu lolawulo kukujonga enoba amaqumrhu alawulwayo alandela imithetho. Ukuhlolwa kungabandakanya uhlolo oluqhelekileyo, uphicotho-zincwadi ngamaxesha athile, iimfuno zokuzibika, ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi, kunye neengxelo zokuvulela impempe. Umzekelo, i-U.S. Food kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi luhlola amayeza okwenziwa kwamayeza; amaziko abasebenzi ahlola iimeko zasemsebenzini; abalawuli bemali bahlola ikomkhulu lebhanki.

Ukujonga okusebenzayo kuxhomekeke kubuncwane obaneleyo, ubuchule, kunye nokufikelela kulwazi. Ngokuqhubekayo, abalawuli basebenzisa ubugcisa − njengokuva okukude ukujongwa kokusingqongileyo okanye i-Al ekufumaneni iipateni zokuthelekisa ezikrokrelekayo zokurhweba/ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Noko ke, ukuqwalasela kukodwa akwanelanga ukuba akukhokeli kulungiso xa uphulo lufunyenwe.

Abafundisi bangasebenzisa lo msebenzi ukubonisa umsantsa phakathi kwemithetho ephepheni kunye nokuthobela kwehlabathi lokwenene. Abafundi bafunda ukuba ulawulo lomelele njengenkqubo ezilugadayo.

Izenzo Zonyanzelo

Xa ujongo lutyhila ukungahambelani, imibutho elawulayo kufuneka ibe negunya kwaye ikulungele ukunyanzelisa imithetho. Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kungasuka kwizilumkiso ezingacwangciswanga nakwizicwangciso zokulungisa ityala legunya, ukurhoxiswa kwephepha lemvume okanye ukurhoxiswa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokunyanzelisa ukubekwa kwetyala. Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokwaphula umthetho kufuneka kuhlonele ukulungelelanisa/ukungalingani-hlula-hlulwa-mthetho, ngoxa ukuqhatha ngemposiso kusenokusingathwa ngokhokelo, ngoxa kufunwa isohlwayo esiqathango

Ngokomzekelo, iKomishini yaseYurophu ingayilungisa inkampani elungileyo yokwaphula umthetho wokhuphiswano omalunga ne-10% yojiko-jiko lwayo lwehlabathi. Ngokwahlukileyo, isibhaka-bhaka esincinane esingaphumeleliyo kuhlolo lwempilo singafumana uluhlu lokulungisa imiba phambi kohlolo kwakhona. Ukunyanzeleka kobunyani kubaluleke kakhulu: ukuba abalawuli abanqabileyo ukohlwaya, ukunqanda ukuwa.

Abafundi abafunda ukunyanzelisa abanyanzeli bayazi ukuba liliphi igunya elisemthethweni nelifanelekileyo. Babona ukuba abalawuli bamele bangqongqo kwaye bangakhethi, yaye izigqibo zokunyanzelisa abantu zidla ngokubandakanya iqhinga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umntu ajonge ityala.

Uphuhliso loMgaqo-nkqubo kunye noLawulo

Amaqumrhu olawulo akangoonyanzelisi nje; akwanendima ephambili ekuphuhliseni imithetho ngokwawo. Oku kubandakanya ukuqhuba uphando, ukuhlalutya ugcino-lwazi lwezoqoqosho nolwentlalo, ukucebisa, ukucwangcisa imimiselo ecetyisiweyo, nokuyilungisa ngokusekelwe kwingxelo echaziwe. Kumazwe amaninzi, ukubekwa kwemithetho kulandela inkqubo esesikweni equka ukupapashwa kwesaziso somthetho ocetyisiweyo kwincwadi yombhali-mthetho, ukwamkela amagqabaza kawonke-wonke, nokukhupha umthetho wokugqibela ngengcaciso.

Umzekelo, uLawulo lokhuseleko nezonyango lwase-U.S. lulandela le nkqubo ukumisela imida yokuchanabeka emsebenzini kwimichiza eyingozi. Inkqubo yomthetho yenzelwe ukuba ibe yeyokukhanyisa kwaye isekelwe kubungqina, kodwa inokuba nesantya kwaye ibe phantsi kwengcinezelo yezobupolitika. Ukuqonda lo msebenzi kunceda abafundisi kunye nabafundi baqonde ukuba umgaqo unamandla, inkqubo yokusebenzisa i-aretivesty isebenza ngexesha elinye.

Ukuphuhliswa komgaqo-nkqubo kubandakanya uhlolo lokutshona kwelanga, apho imimiselo ekhoyo idla ngokuvavanywa ukuze isebenze. Imibutho elungileyo yolawulo yakha ngendlela yokulawula, ifunda kugcino-lwazi nakumava.

Ukukhuthaza Inkululeko Nempumelelo

Yindima ebalulekileyo kodwa esoloko ingahoywanga yolawulo lweziqu igcina inkululeko kuyo yomibini imijikelo yezopolitiko elawulayo kunye nemijikelo emifutshane yexesha lezobupolitika. Le nkululeko ivumela ukuba zenze izigqibo ezisekelwe kubuchule bobugcisa nakwimdla woluntu othe xhaxhe ixesha elide kunokuba zingenele okanye zincedwe. Amaqumrhu amaninzi akhiwe ngemigaqo emiselweyo yabameli, inkxaso enikezelweyo, kwaye agqunywe ukususela kulawulo lwezobupolitika lwemihla yonke.

Ngokomzekelo, iibhanki ezisembindini njengeFederal Reserve zisebenza ngokwazo ukuseka inkqubo yemali. Ngokufanayo, abalawuli bezembane bazimele ukumisela amaqondo ngaphandle kokuphazamisana nezobupolitika. Noko ke, ukuzimela kufuneka kulungelelaniswe nokuphendula ngo-(ukuzimela) kwe-(ukuzimela okuzimeleyo kusenokungasabeli. Ukufundisa olu xinzelelo kunceda abafundi baqonde ucelomngeni olungundoqo ekulawuleni: indlela yokunika iingcali amandla ngaphandle kokwenza i-ofisi engenakubalwa.

Iingxaki Zokubuyiselwa

Kwanenkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo zolawulo zijamelana nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo olunokudodobalisa ukuphumelela kwazo. Ukuqonda le miqobo kubalulekile kubafundisi nakubafundi abazimisele ukusebenza ngaphakathi okanye ukuphucula umgaqo.

Untsonkothile

Ingxaki yokuntsonkotha kolawulo ixhaphakile. Kwimiqathango emininzi, imimiselo iye yaqokelelwa kangangamashumi eminyaka, yabangela ingqokelela ehlaliswayo, maxa wambi ephikisanayo yemithetho. Umzekelo, inkampani yokwakha eUnited States kufuneka ithobele imithetho yorhulumente, yorhulumente, neyokwakha yasekuhlaleni, imvume yokusingqongileyo, imithetho yokusebenza, kunye nemigaqo yerhafu eneefomu zayo, imiqathango, imiqathango yexesha, kunye nemibutho yokunyanzelisa. Ubuninzi bemiqathango bunyusa iindleko, ukuthoza ngokugqithisileyo, okuchaphazela amashishini amancinane nabantu abangenayo imigaqo-mthetho kunye nabantu abangenayo imigaqo-mthetho.

Ukuntsonkotha kwenza kube nzima ukuba abalawuli bafumane ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abo nokuba abemi bawazi amalungelo abo. Ukulungisa ukuntsonkotha kufuna imigudu enzima efana nokwenza ulwakhiwo, ukuphinda ubhalwe kolwimi olucacileyo, nokusetyenziswa kobugcisa kwiinkqubo zoqukuqelo. Kodwa ukwenziwa kolawulo kukodwa kulucelomngeni, njengokuba kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphandle kokwenza buthathaka ukhuseleko.

Ukuxhathisa Ukuguquka

Abaxhasi badla ngokuchasa imimiselo emitsha okanye utshintsho, ingakumbi xa benyanzelisa iindleko okanye beguqula iindlela ezimisiweyo. Ukuchasa kungavela kumaqela oshishino, abachasi bezobupolitika, okanye kwanakuwonke-wonke ukuba umthetho uthathwa njengomthwalo okanye ungeyomfuneko. Umzekelo, amanyathelo okuqalisa ukusetyenziswa kwekharbon asoloko echaswa ziinkampani zepetroli nabathengi abaxhalabele ityala eliphezulu lamandla.

Ukoyisa ukuxhathisa kufuna unxibelelwano olusebenzayo, ukubonakaliswa kweengenelo, yaye maxa wambi ukuphunyezwa okulandelelanayo ngenkxaso yotshintsho. Ukuqonda inkqubo yokuxhathisa kubaluleke kakhulu kubaxhasi bomthetho kunye nabahlalutyi benkqubo. Ifundisa ukuba umthetho awuyonkqubo yobugcisa nje kuphela kodwa ngumzabalazo wezopolitiko kumaxabiso nobuncwane.

Akukho Zinto

Amaqumrhu alawulayo anqabile ukuba abe nazo zonke izinto azifunayo. Ukugawulwa kohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi, kunye nobugcisa obuphelelwe lixesha kuthintela ukujongwa nokugcinwa komthetho. Ngokomzekelo, emva kwengxaki yezoqoqosho yowama-2008, kwatyhilwa ukuba iKhomishini yezezimali neyobuTyebiso yase-United States yayineemvavanyo ezingonele zokuvelela abasebenzi bezotyalo-mali, nto leyo enegalelo kwinkqubo ye-Madoff Ponzi ehamba ibhacel

Abalawuli abalawulayo abathintela amaqumrhu olwazi ukuba bamisele izithuba ezikhoyo. Bangaxhomekeka kwingxelo yabo okanye kwizatifiketi zesithathu, ezinokudlalwa. Ukunika izithuba zogcino-mali kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zezobupolitika ukuxhasa imali eyaneleyo kunye neendlela ezintsha ezifana nemikhosi yovavanyo esekelwe kwizinto ezikwimiqathango ephezulu.

Ukudityaniswa Kwehlabathi

Kwihlabathi elidityanisiweyo, amashishini asoloko esebenza ngaphaya kolawulo oluninzi, ngalinye linemithetho yalo. Oku kudala ucelomngeni lokuthobela imithetho, ingakumbi xa kungquzulwano okanye xa imilinganiselo yelizwe elinye isezantsi. Ngokomzekelo, inkampani eyenza ii-elektroniki kufuneka ithobele i-EU’s Directionalion of the Mozard Substances, i-RoHS, kunye nemithetho eyahlukeneyo eKhalifoniya.

Ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi kukwanceda ukutshintsha ulawulo olulawulayo, kuqinisekisa ukufuduka kolawulo ngemithetho ebuthathaka. Ukusebenzisana kwezizwe ngezizwe ngezivumelwano, izivumelwano zolwaluko, kunye nemilinganiselo engqinelanayo (umz., iBasel III yokubhanki) kukhangela ukusingatha oku, kodwa inkqubela iyacotha. Kubafundisi-lwazi, olu celomngeni lubalaselisa imfuneko yembono yomhlaba wonke kwizifundo zokulawula kunye nokubaluleka kwamaziko amaninzi alandela inkqubo yolawulo.

Umahluko wobugcisa

Utshintsho lobugcisa obukhawulezayo ludlula umgaqo wesithethe. Ubugcisa obutsha njengobuchule obungeyonkqubo yokuyila, ukwenziwa kwemizila yemfuza, ukusetyenziswa kwemizila yemfuza, kunye nezithuthi ezizimeleyo azilingani kakuhle kwiindidi ezikhoyo zolawulo. Abalawuli bazama ukugcina, kwaye kukho ubungozi bokuphembelela ukuvela kwezinto ezintsha ngomthetho okhoyo ngaphambi kwexesha okanye bavumele iindlela eziyingozi zisasazwe zingathintelwa.

Umzekelo, ukunyuka kweenkqubo zokutsala ezisetyenziswa okokuqala kwindawo engwevu esemthethweni, ukuphazamisa imimiselo yeteksi ehlabathini lonke. Amanye amagunya awavaliweyo, amanye alungelelaniswa nemithetho emitsha, kwaye amanye adale iindidi ezikhethekileyo. Olu celomngeni lufuna iindlela zokulawula ngokulula, ezifana nokusebenzisa ibhokisi (ukuvumela uvavanyo olulinganiselweyo phantsi kolawulo) kunye neengxelo zokunyanzelisa ukuphinda-phinda imithetho ngexesha elithile ngenxa yokuvela kobugcisa.

Umgangatho wokulawula

Ukubanjwa kolawulo kwenzeka xa iqumrhu lolawulo lilawulwa zizinto elimele ukuba liziphathe, ngokufuthi ngokuligcina liqeqeshile, ngokulisebenzisa ngokulingeneyo igumbi lokusebenza, okanye ngolwazi olujikelezayo. Ukubanjwa kukhokelela ekunyanzelweni konyanzelweni komsebenzi obuthathaka, ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwee-''''''', kunye nemithetho enceda ushishino kunelixa leenkampani kunokuba lisetyenziswe ngabantu bonke. Imizekelo yeklasi iquka ixesha lolawulo lwenqwelo-moya olubuthathaka phambi ko-U.S. Ukukhutshwa komthetho kwii-1970 nakwiinkxaso eziqhubekayo kwimizi - mveliso yezonyango.

Ukukhusela ukubanjwa kufuna imithetho eqinileyo yemfazwe, ukubonakala, ukwahluka-hluka komntu obotshelelwe engxunyeni, kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo lwezinja kunye nebutho lasekuhlaleni. Ukufundisa ukubanjwa kunceda abafundi baqonde ukuba ulawulo aluzenzekelanga ngokuzenzekelayo kumdla kawonke-wonke.

Ikamva Lokwahlulwa

Njengokuba amaqumrhu eguquka, kufuneka alawule. Izicwangciso ezininzi zibumba ikamva lomthetho. umgaqo weData-ovence zisebenzisa ugcino-lwazi olukhulu, ezixela kwangaphambili ii-alytics, kunye nobuchule bokwenziwa ukuchonga iingozi kunye nohlolo lwexhoba ngokuchanekileyo. Ubuchule bokusebenzisa ibhabhata-bhata-bharibhariyo [ busetyenziswa ekuyileni imimiselo ekhuthazayo kunokuba isiyalele. Iintelemos zobugrabhabhabhabha. ziqhelene kwinkwifishte, zivumela ukulawulwa.

Ngaphezu koko, kukho ukugxininiswa okukhulayo komthetho osekelwe kwingeniso kunokuvumela imithetho ebhaliweyo kwangaphambili] izinto ezilawulwayo zikhethe indlela yokufikelela imigangatho yomsebenzi. kunye nohambo oluya kulawulo olungcono [[FLT:] kumazwe ngamazwe, ekhuliswe yimibutho efana ne-OECD, izicelo zohlolo olucwangcisiweyo, igalelo lomntu obekelwe umnqamlezo, kunye nolungelelwaniso lwasekuqaleni.

Kubafundisi-mfundo nabafundi, ikamva lemithetho lifuna ukuba kubekho utshintsho, ulwazi oluphakathi, kunye nokuzibophelela kubantu abanomdla. Abo baziqondayo ezi meko bakulungele ukubumba/hhayi nje ukujika umgaqo.

Isiphelo

Ukumisa ubunkimbinkimbi bomthetho kufuna okungaphezulu kunokuyibamba ngobunzulu imithetho; kufuna ukuqonda okunzulu kwemigaqo eyenza umthetho ube ngofanelekileyo, ube ngofanelekileyo, kwaye ube nempumelelo. Ukubonisa ngaphaya komthetho, ukuphendulana, ukungaguquguquki, ukulungelelana, kunye nokuganana akuzizinto ezinokungqinelana . Zizikhokelo eziluncedo ekuyileni nasekuhloleni iinkqubo zolawulo. Indima yemibutho elawulayo ekujoliseni, ekuphuhlisweni kwemigaqo, ukuphuhliswa kwemigaqo, nokuzimela ngokwayo kunika obu bomi bemigaqo yowiso. Kodwa ke, ukumelana nokungavisisani, imida, ukudibaniselwano, ukutshintsha kwezixhobo, ubugcisa, nokufumana iimvavanyo rhoqo.

Kubafundisi-mfundo, abafundi, kunye nezifundiswa, ukuzazi ezi ngcamango kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni isithethe sokuthobela nokulawula imilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Ngokusebenzisa le migaqo, abaxhasi bemigaqo-nkqubo banokufak' isandla kumgaqo ongcono() umgaqo okhusela uluntu, uxhase ulwakhiwo, kunye nokulondoloza ukuthembana. Ukuba ufundisa izifundo kwimigaqo kawonke-wonke, ukuqalisa ishishini, okanye ukusebenza kwicandelo elilawulayo, ingqiqo kweli nqaku inikela isiseko sokubandakanya nemithetho ehlala ikho kulo lonke ihlabathi elibumba ubomi bethu.