Ulwalamano phakathi kwamalungelo omGaqo-siseko kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko yabaphambukeli luchaza umgaqo obalulekileyo womthetho waseMerika nebutho labantu. UmGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. awuwukhankanyi ngokungqalileyo inkqubo yokufuduka, ukanti iziqinisekiso zawo zenkqubo efanelekileyo, ukhuseleko olulinganayo, kunye nokusesikweni okusisiseko zidlulela ngaphaya kobumi. Njengoko isizwe siphikisana ngokhuseleko lomda, iinkqubo zokugxotha, kunye nemeko yezigidi zabemi abangabhalwanga ngxelo, ukuqonda indlela imigaqo-siseko esebenza ngayo kubantu abaphambukeleneyo, /hnqikelelo olusemthethweni olusemthethweni, olungenayo ulawulo, ulawulo lweziko, imigaqo-mthetho, isiseko yemithetho elawulayo, kunye neengxaki eziqhubekayo ezilawula ukudibana nokubekwa kwamalungelo omgaqo-siseko kunye nokhuseleko lwabafuduki.

Imeko yembali: Ukusuka kuMandla aBanzi ukuya kuKhuselwa ngamalungelo

Kwimbali enkulu yase-U.S., umthetho wokufuduka osetyenziswa phantsi kwemfundiso yamandla, onika urhulumente wengingqi igunya elingathintelekiyo ngokungena nokususwa kwabantu abangengobenzi. INkundla ePhakamileyo yaqinisekisa lo mgaqo Cahee Chan Ping v. United States [1], ephethe loo Mbutho unegunya eliphakamileyo lokulawula ukufuduka. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, le mfundiso yayithetha ukuba abaphambukeli babeneelonkeneentelelo olulukhuselo olulumbalwa lwesiseko somgaqo-siseko wokungena nokugxotha.

Noko ke, utshintsho lwaqala phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20. Unyuko lwamalungelo abantu, ludityaniswe nokuqonda okukhulayo ukuba abaphambukeli “bakwigunya le-United States, bakhokela iinkundla ukuba zandise iziqinisekiso ezithile zomgaqo-siseko kumntu ongengo-mazintlondi. Ityala lophawu Mathews v. Diaz[FLT][1] [1997] liqinisekiswe ukuba xa iNgqungquthela inokubaphatha abemi kunye nabangengoomatilo-zi, ayinakwenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngelixesha, i-Immigration kunye nomthetho ka-National Act ka 1952 (INA) ukhuseleko olukhulisweyo oluzakuba lungaxhaswa lucacinywe ngenkcazelo yezomthetho.

Namhlanje, ulawulo olusemthethweni lubonisa ukungavisisani phakathi kwamalungelo omntu ngamnye. Abafudukayo (kuquka abantu abangabhalwanga) ukhuseleko olusemgceni-siseko, kodwa loo malungelo asoloko elinganiselwe okanye efaneleka ngokobume obukhethekileyo bokunyanzeliswa kokufuduka.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko: Ngawaphi Amalungelo Ayandiswa Kubantu Abafudukayo?

Umbhalo womGaqo-siseko awusithinteli isiqinisekiso sawo sokuba “abemi.” IziHlaliso zesihlanu nezeshumi elinesine, umzekelo, zibhekisela ku“bantu,” udidi oluquka bonke abantu abakumhlaba wase-U.S., kungakhathaliseki ukuba bakwindawo ephezulu. Ngokufanayo, uKhuseleko lweSine loMgaqo-nkqubo wokuzikhusela ekuphandeni nokuxhuzula okungaqikelelwanga kuyasebenza ku“bantu,” kungekhona nje kubemi. Ngenxa yoko, abaphambukeli bangenayo bafumana amalungelo asemthethweni, nangona umlinganiselo wabo ungahluka kwimibangeni ekungeneni kunye netyala lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Amalungelo enkqubela alindelekileyo

IsiHlanziso sesihlanu sinika ukuba akukho mntu uza kuhluthwa ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla ngaphandle kwenkqubo efunekayo yomthetho. INkundla Ephakamileyo isoloko ikholelwa ukuba abaphambukeli ekususweni kwetyala banelungelo lenkqubo efanelekileyo. Oku kuquka isaziso sezityholo, ithuba lokuviwa, nokuchotshelwa phambi kommeli ongakhethiyo. Wang Sung v.Grand [1950], iNkuyo iNkundla yawisa umthetho wokuba ukugxotha ukuviwa kufaneleke kwemigaqo yenkqubo efunekayo.

Noko ke, amalungelo enkqubo afanelekileyo kumongo wokufuduka awafani nalawo akwinkundla yolwaphulo-mthetho. Umzekelo, abaphambukeli abaqinisekiswanga ngesiluleko sikarhulumente esiphakanyisiweyo, nangona benelungelo lomthetho lokuqesha igqwetha ngeendleko zabo. INkundla ekwi INS v. Lopez-Mendoza [19984] ibambelele kumthetho osusiweyo, obububungqina obufunyanwa ngokuphengulula okungekho mthethweni, abusebenzi ngokuzenzekela ekugxotheni iimvavanyo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Ezi zithintelo zidala imiqobo ebalulekileyo.

Amalungelo okhuseleko olulinganayo

I-Acticome Protection Claus of the 14th Amendment iyalela ukukhanyela nabani na okwigunya lakhe ukukhuselwa okufanayo kwemithetho. Eli binzana lisebenza kubemi nakwabangengobemi, nangona umgaqo wokuhlola ungafani. Umzekelo, amagosa akanakukhetha ngokuchasene nabahlali abasisigxina abasemthethweni ekusasazeni iinzuzo zikawonke wonke ngaphandle kokuba benesizathu esinyanzelisayo. Noko ke, urhulumente urhulumente angahlula-hlula ngokukhululekileyo ngokwemfundiso yamandla.

Abantwana abangabhalwanga baphumelela uloyiso olukhulu olulinganayo lokhuseleko kwi Plyler v. Doe (1982), apho iNkundla ePhakamileyo yawisa umthetho weTexas owakha wakha uqeqesho lukawonke-wonke kubantwana olungavunywanga ngokusemthethweni. Inkundla yathi urhulumente akanakubeka umthwalo omkhulu kwiqela elizimeleyo ngaphandle koqinisekiso oluqinileyo. Lo mba uhlala ulilityelelo lwamalungelo abaphambukeli phantsi kwesiseko sokhuseleko olulinganayo.

Inkululeko Yokuqala Yokwenziwa Kohlaziyo

Abafuduki banayo inkululeko yokuthetha, yonqulo, yendibano kunye neyamaqumrhu. Urhulumente akanakukhupha okanye ohlwaye inkundla engekhoyo ngenxa yokuvakalisa iimbono zezobupolitika okanye ngenxa yokuqhelisela ukholo, ubungqina obungekhoyo bokukhuthaza ugonyamelo okanye olunye uthetha olungakhuselekanga. Bridges v. Wixon [1945], iNkundla yabhukuqa ukugxothwa kommi osisigxina wengini ngenxa yokunxulumana neQela lobuKomanisi, igxininisa ukuba ukhuseleko loFile lokuHlambululo lufikelela kwabangengowa-Masi.

Noko ke, ukuwasebenzisa kakubi amalungelo abo baphambukeli kusenokungqubana nenkxalabo yokhuseleko lwesizwe. Umthetho we-USA PATRIOT nomthetho owalandelayo wandisa isiseko sokugxothwa okusekelwe “kumsebenzi wobuphekula,” abahlalutyi abaye baphikisa ngokuthi usetyenziswe kakhulu, intetho esemthethweni eyoyikekayo kunye nonxulumano phakathi kwabantu abaphambukeleyo.

Umgaqo - siseko Wesine Wokulungiswa

Abagcini boMphetho wesine abachasene nophando olungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula. Lusebenza kubo bonke abantu, kodwa ukunyanzeliswa kwalo ekunyanzelweni kokuthunyelwa kwabantu abafudukayo kuye kwaba nengxabano. Ngelixesha amagosa okufuduka efuna imvume yokungena ekhaya, asenokusebenzisa ukukrokra okuncinane ekumiseni okufutshane kufutshane nomda okanye kwizikhululo zenqwelo-moya. Isigqibo seNkundla United States v. Brignonni-PH[ [7] [15] ivumela abasebenzi bomda ukuba bamise izithuthi ezimele ukumiswa komda okunxulumene nomngcipheko, hayi isizathu esibangela ukuba abaninzi baphikisane, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvumiseni kohlanga.

Amatyala atshanje anjengo Utah v Strieff (2016) anciphisa umthetho osusiweyo, akwenza kube nzima ukucinezela ubungqina obufunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni ngabasemagunyeni abafuduki. Oku kushiya abaphambukeli besengozini yokubanjwa ngenxa yokwaphulwa kwemithetho enokuthi ikhutshwe kwinkundla yabaphuli-mthetho. Imibutho ye-Advocacy ibibiza ukhuseleko olunamandla oluKhulu lweNwesine lweMphetho-Mthethweni kwimeko yokufuduka.

Uphawu lwetyala lweNkundla ePhakamileyo luLahla Amalungelo Arhoxisiweyo

Ukucaciswa kwezomthetho bekusoloko kugxininisa ukukhuselwa komgaqo-siseko kwabaphambukeli. Ngaphandle kwamatyala akhankanyiweyo, imithetho emininzi ibalasele njengesiseko.

United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898)

Eli tyala laqinisekisa ubuzibulo phantsi koMthetho-nkqubo weshumi elinesine. INkundla yathi umntwana ozalelwe eUnited States kubazali abaphambukeli baseTshayina, nangona umthetho karhulumente wase-U.S. ngexesha elivalelweyo ukuba amiselwe ukwenziwa kwendalo. Umgaqo we- usoli (ukuzalwa) uhlala ekho) uhleli ungumgadi womthetho waseMerika, nangona ubungamele ulwenziwe ngengxoxo yezobupolitika kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

[[UMTLR: 0] Zadvydas v. Davis (2001]

Inkundla yagqiba kwelokuba urhulumente akanakubabamba abaphambukeli ngokungenasiphelo emva komyalelo wokugqibela wokususwa ukuba akukho sizathu sibalulekileyo sokubuyiselwa. Eli tyala laqinisekisa ukuba iNkqubo kaClaus ekwinyanga ezintandathu imisela umlinganiselo wokuvalelwa kwenqanawa emva komda we-removal. Yathintela amandla karhulumente okufaka isantya kubantu kangangeminyaka ngaphandle kwethemba elisengqiqweni lokugxothwa.

Plyler v. Doe (1982)

Njengoko kuphawuliwe, eli tyala liqinisekisa abantwana abangabhalwanga ilungelo lemfundo yeK-12. INkundla yafaka isicelo sokuhlolisiswa okuphakathi, ifumanise ukuba umthetho karhulumente awusebenzi mdla karhulumente kwaye ubeka isohlwayo sobomi bonke kubantwana abamsulwa. uPlyler uhlala engumzekelo ongundoqo othetha ukufikelela kwimiqathango yoluntu ngokusuka ekufumaneni iinkonzo ezisekelwe kubume bokufuduka.

[[UMTL: 0] Mathews v. Diaz (1976)

Esi sigqibo saxhasa ukufaneleka komthetho karhulumente owiswe ngokubanzi kweMedica kunyaka emihlanu wokuhlala okusemthethweni, kodwa ke ngokubalulekileyo, iNkundla yacacisa ukuba imida yeNkqubo kaClaus emiselweyo kwanamandla okuhlanganisa ukufuduka. Isigqibo esimiselwe sisenokokuba nangona iBhunga linokubaphatha abemi kunye nabantu abangengobemi ngokwahlukileyo, alinakwenza oko ngesizathu esingekho ngqiqweni okanye esingekho ngqiqweni sokuzikhusela ngokwemigaqo-siseko yokufuduka.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko nezenzo zolawulo

Ukongezelela kumalungelo omgaqo - siseko, iNgqungquthela kunye nesebe elilawulayo ziye zayila uludwe oluntsonkothileyo lwemithetho neenkqubo ezikhusela amaqela athile abantu abaphambukeli.

UMthetho wokuRhulumentelwa koMgaqo-nkqubo weSizwe (INA)

I-INA yi-INA eyintloko elawula ukufuduka. Imisela iindawo zokungena nokususwa, inkqubo yokhuseleko, kunye nemeko yeembacu. I-INA ikwanikela isiqabu ekususweni, njengokususwa kwesithuba sexesha elide sabemi abathile kunye nokhuseleko kumaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho (i-vsavs) okanye ukuthengiswa (i-TVsa). Ngoxa i-INA ingavumeli umgangatho ofanayo wenkqubo efana nomthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho, iquka izikhuseli ezikhuselekileyo ezifana nezokurhoxa ekunene kwindlebe kunye nelungelo lokubhenela kwiBhodi ye-Immigration.

Isenzo esichanekileyo sobuntwana bokufika (DACA)

I-DACA iveliswe ngomyalelo olawulayo ngo-2012, inika isiqabu sokwexeshana ekugxothweni nasekusebenzeni abantu abafanelekeleyo abaza e-U.S. DACA ayibuzi ukuba ngumthetho kodwa ikhusela abamkeli ekususweni kwexesha eliphinda-phindiweyo leminyaka emibini. Inkqubo iphumele kwiingxaki ezingokwasemthethweni, nangona ikamva layo lingaqinisekanga. Ngowama-2024, iinkqubo ezintsha ziyalungiselelwa, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwe-DACA kusenokuguqula umlinganiselo wayo.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho

IVAWA ivumela amaxhoba athile angonwabanga ogonyamelo lwasekhaya ukuba azifunele ukhuseleko olusemthethweni lwendawo yokuhlala ehlala ngokusisigxina ngaphandle kokuthembela kwiqabane lawo elixhaphazayo lase-U.Ili lungiselelo libonisa ukuba amaxhoba asenokunyanzeleka ukuba athi cwaka ngenxa yesisongelo sokugxothwa. I-VAWA ingumzekelo obalulekileyo wokungangeneleli komthetho wezomthetho-siseko kubemi abanokuba ngamaxhoba abaphambukeli.

Ikhuselekile okwethutyana Ubume (TPS)

Unobhala weHomeland Security angachaza ilizwe le-TPS xa iimeko ezifana nemfazwe, intlekele yemekobume, okanye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zithintela ukubuya okukhuselekileyo. Abantu abasuka kumazwe amiselweyo aseUnited States abasele bekho banokufumana ukhuseleko lokwexeshana ekususweni nasekugunyazisweni emsebenzini. I-TPS asisiso isicombululo esisisigxina, kodwa inika abaphambukeli abavela kumazwe athwaxwa ziingxaki.

Ucelomngeni Olukhoyo Kumda Wamalungelo Nokhuseleko

Nangona kuchazwe imigaqo echaziwe, abaphambukeli bajamelana nemiqobo engapheliyo ekufumaneni amalungelo abo omGaqo-siseko nawasemthethweni.

Ukuthobela Nokufumana Icebiso

I-United States iqhuba eyona nkqubo inkulu yokuvalelwa kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe ehlabathini, isoloko iphethe abantu abakwizibonelelo ezikude lee zixhobo okanye inkxaso yentsapho. Ngelixesha abaphambukeli benelungelo lokunika icebiso ngaphandle kwendleko karhulumente, abaninzi abanamali yokuthenga igqwetha. Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba abantu abavalelweyo abamele umthetho basengozini kakhulu yokuphumelela kwiimeko zabo kunabo bangachazwanga. Ukungafumani macebiso kululaza inkqubo efanelekileyo kwaye kudala inkqubo yokusesikweni enezii-isibini.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuvalelwa ngokunyanzelekileyo kweendidi ezithile zabaphambukeli, kuquka abo baneenkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho okanye abasandul' ukubanjwa kumda, kunyusa inkxalabo yomgaqo-siseko. [[FLT: 0] Jennings v. Rodriguez , iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaxhasa ukuvalelwa okude ngaphandle kokuvalwa komanyano, iqinisa iimfuno zokukhululwa. Amaqela aqhubeka evavanya le migaqo phantsi koMsebenzi woMsebenzi we-Classiaste noMganganiso we-Imgastiation kunye noMthetho we-National Act.

Imithetho yokungena nokuhlangulwa kweRhulumente

Kukungabikho kotshintsho olubanzi lwamarhulumente, amaphondo amaninzi aye amisela eyawo imithetho yokunyanzelisa ukufuduka. I-SB 1070 (2070) yase-Arizona ifuna ukuba amapolisa ahlole ukuhambelana nokufuduka ngexesha lokumiswa kwemida esemthethweni kwaye asilelele ukuthwala amaxwebhu okufuduka ulwaphulo-mthetho lwaseburhulumenteni. INkundleko ePhakamileyo yawisa iziphumo ezingundoqo kwi Arizona v. I-United States[FLT] (20202), ifumana ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kokufuduka kunguwo ngurhulumente kuphela. Noko ke, urhulumente kunye nentsebenziswano yengingqino yengingqi yephondo kunye namagunya asekuhlaleni (g) amalunga 287) kunye “neesivumelwano se-G. Imigaqo-Antactitary" iyaqhubeka ukuvelisa iimfazwe ezingo zomthetho ezingomthetho ezichaphazela amalungelo abaphambukeli.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yokungahambelani, emisela umda intsebenziswano yasekuhlaleni kunye nokugcinwa kwabantu abafudukayo kwezemibutho yesizwe, iye yacelw'ilwa ngokwezindululo zomGaqo-siseko. Iinkundla ngokuqhelekileyo zixhasa umgaqo wokuba oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abanakunyanzeleka ukuba basebenzise ubuncwane babo ukunyanzelisa umthetho wesizwe wokufuduka. Ezi mfazwe zilawula zimisela umzabalazo oqhubekayo wokuchaza imiqathango yegunya likarhulumente kwimicimbi yokufuduka.

Ukusetyenziswa Kakubi Kweminye Imibandela Yobuhlanga Nokuhlaziywa Kwesine

Phezu kwazo nje iinkuselo zomGaqo-siseko, abaphambukeli ngokuqhelekileyo abasuka eLatino, e-Asia, kunye nobuzwe baseMbindi Mpuma .Azishumayeli zijoliswe kwizenzo zokunyanzelisa ezisekelwe kwisizwe okanye kwisizwe. IsiHlanzelo sesine soMthetho-Phondo siyalwalela uphando olungekho ngqiqweni kunye nokuxhuzula, kodwa amagosa afudukayo maxa wambi aqeqeshelwa ukusebenzisa “ukukrokrexoka okusengqiqweni” okusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nembonakalo, ulwimi, okanye indawo. Ukumangalelwa kwamalungelo abantu kubhalisile iindlela zokulungisa imigaqo yokusebenza.

INkundla Ephakamileyo iye yala ukulawula ukuba uhlanga lulodwa alunakuba negalelo elisengqiqweni ekukrokreleni izithintelo zokufuduka, ukushiyela igumbi lokuqhutyelwa phambili. Ezinye iinkundla ezisezantsi ziye zathi ukusebenzisa uhlanga njengento engundoqo akuyomfuneko, kodwa ukunqongophala komgangatho ocacileyo welizwe lonke kuvumela ukuxhatshazwa okuqhubekayo.

Imiqathango ye-Aslim kunye nenkqubo elindelekileyo

Inkqubo yokhuseleko, enika ukhuseleko kwabo babaleka intshutshiso, iye yajamelana nemiqobo emikhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Imithetho enjenge- “i-"computer” yabafuni bokhuseleko kumazibuko okungena, i-“Hlala eMexico” inkqubo (Imithetho yokukhusela iMigranti), kwaye inkqubo yokususwa ecwangcisiweyo iye yacelw'ilwa njengokwaphulwa kwenkqubo efunekayo kunye noMthetho we-Rhube ka-1980. Iinkundla ziye zavala amanye la manyathelo, kodwa utshintsho oluqhubekayo lubangela ukudidelwa nokucingela abantu abaninzi ithuba lokunikela izimvo zabo.

uMpuma Bay Sanctuary Pangano yoMthetho w. Barr (2029), isekethi yeNinth yakholelwa ukuba urhulumente akanakukwazi ukuvala izicelo zokhuseleko kwabo bangena ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kumda osezantsi. Le mithetho igcinelwe ukufikelela kwinkqubo yekhusi, kodwa ngokulandelayo i-ligigation kunye nezenzo zolawulo oluphezulu iqhubeke iguqula umhlaba.

Ukukhuthala neNtlanganiso

Imekobume entle yemibutho engafumani ngeniso isebenzela ukukhusela amalungelo omgaqo-siseko wabemi abavela kwamanye amazwe nokunikela uncedo olusemthethweni. La maqela abandakanyeka kwimithetho, ukugunyazisa, kunye neenkonzo ezingqalileyo.

  • Isibonelelo sobuni baseMelika iLibertial Union (ACLU) – i-ACLU ichaze amatyala amaninzi ophawu olubandakanya inkqubo yondwendwe olufunekayo, uKhuseleko lokuqala, ukhuseleko loMphengululo wesine. Iprojekthi yayo yeImmigrant igxininisa kumsebenzi wokungangeni komthetho wokugcina inzala. [[FLT:]] Ifunde ngakumbi kwi-aclu.org
  • Ikomkhulu leJaji elirhoxayo lohlanga (NEJC)[NTLT:1] - NIJC inikezela ngomelo oluthe ngqo olusemthethweni, uhlalutyo lwenkqubo, kunye nesiphumo. Iye yaba yinkokeli ekucel ’ umngeni i-Trump-era “Umgaqo-nkqubo we-Mexico” nokukhuthaza abaphambukeli abavalelweyo. I- transfersionsion. org
  • Amalungelo abantu Kuqala[ - Le ntlangano igxininisa kukhuseleko nokhuseleko. Ibhala amaxwebhu okuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu ekunyanzelweni kolawulo lokufuduka kunye nabameli bokunamathela kumthetho wezizwe ngezizwe. Jonga amalungelo abantu kuqala. org
  • Umbindi woMthetho wohlanga woHlelo-zwe [NKULUNGWANE] - I-NILC abameli bemigaqo-nkqubo eqaphela iminikelo yabaphambukeli, ijolise ngokukhethekileyo kuluntu olufumana imali ephantsi. Banikela uhlalutyo kwinkqubela-phambili yemiqathango efunekayo kunye nemiqathango yomgangatho karhulumente. ngaphezulu kwi-nilc.org

Le mibutho, kunye namaqela asekuhlaleni oncedo olusemthethweni kunye neenkqubo ze-probono zamagqwetha, zibalulekile ekuqiniseni umsantsa phakathi kwamalungelo omgaqo-siseko angekho ngqiqweni kunye nokufikelela kwehlabathi lokwenene kokusesikweni.

Isiphelo: Indaleko Eqhubekayo Yamalungelo Nokhuseleko

Ukudibana kwamalungelo omgaqo-siseko kunye nokhuseleko lwabaphambukeli akumi ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Kuyaguquguquka ngotoliko lwezahlulelo, isenzo somthetho, inkqubo yempatho-siseko, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwengca. Ngoxa iNkundla ePhakamileyo inyuse inkqubela-phambili nemigaqo efunekayo kunye nesiqinisekiso esilinganayo sokukhusela abaphambukeli, izithuba ezibalulekileyo zishiyekile ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokuvalelwa, ukufikelela kwicebiso, kunye nokukhusela ekunyanzelweni komthetho okungaqinisekiyo. Imfundiso yamandla e-plenary isenokwahlula ulawulo, kwaye ukutshintsha kwezobupolitika kungaguqula ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela okusemhlabeni.

Ukukhangela phambili, iimbambano eziliqela eziphambili ziya kuchaza lo mba: ikamva lobumi, indima yobuzwe kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni ekunyanzelweni kolawulo lwabafuduki, umlinganiselo woMphetho-mbongo wesine kwimida namazibuko, kunye nobulungisa obucacileyo benkqubo yokhuseleko. Abameli baphikisa ukuba umgaqo-siseko othi “akukho mntu oza kuhluthwa inkululeko ngaphandle kwenkqubo elindelekileyo” kufuneka usebenze ngokufanayo kubo bonke abakhoyo ngokoqobo eUnited States, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafika njani.

Njengoko incoko yesizwe iqhubeka, into enye isacaca: Ukuzinikela kweUnited States kulawulo lomGaqo-siseko kufuna ukuba ukhuseleko lungabi ngumsebenzi wobumi kuphela. Umsebenzi ongaphambili kukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo abhalwe kumaxwebhu okusungula akangokunqwenela kuphela, kodwa afanele afumaneke ngokufanelekileyo.