Kuluntu olulawulwa ngedemokhrasi, ukukwazi kwabemi ukuphembelela umthetho ngqo kusisiseko sokudityaniswa kwemibutho yoluntu. Iindlela zobuchule nezokubhalisa zizixhobo ezimbini ezinamandla ezinceda oku kuthabatha inxaxheba ngqo. Noko ke, ezi nkqubo zinokuba ntsokothileyo kwaye zisoloko zingaqondwa. Eli nqaku linika isikhokelo esibanzi sokuqonda amanyathelo okukhetha nokukhetha, umahluko, intsingiselo, nendlela engcono yokufundisa abemi ngazo. Ngokukhuthaza ulwazi olunzulu ngezi ndlela zobugcisa, sinokuqinisa ukuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi kwaye siqinisekise ukuba ivoti nganye ingolwazi.

Yintoni Imidlalo Eyingozi?

Inyathelo lokuvota liyinkqubo evumela abemi ukuba bamisele imithetho emitsha okanye ulungiso-mthetho ngqo, ngaphandle kokungena kwindlu yowiso-mthetho. Le nkqubo idlulisela umlinganiselo wokwenza igunya kumagosa anyuliweyo kuluntu, ibangela ukuba iintsebenziswano zengca zicombulule imibandela enokungahoywa yindlu yowiso-mthetho. Xa isicelo sithe sasayinwa ngokwaneleyo, izicelo zibekwa kwi-bollat ukwenzela ivoti kawonke-wonke.

Iindidi Zokuqala Zebhola

  • Isiqalo esitsha se-'dict': Umthetho ocetyisiweyo okanye inguquko ibekwe ngqo kwibhola yokuvota emva kokuba inani elifunekayo lotyikityo liqokelelwe. I Voters igqiba iziphumo kwinyathelo elinye lonyulo. Olu yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo kumacandelo anjengeKhalifoniya ne-Arizona.
  • Inyathelo elingangqalanga: Umlinganiselo ocetyiweyo unikezelwa kuqala kwindlu yowiso-mthetho. Ukuba indlu yowiso-mthetho iyayimisela, inkqubo iyaphela. Ukuba indlu yowiso-mthetho iyala okanye ayithathi nyathelo, imilinganiselo isiya kwivote kawonke-wonke. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kumacandelo anjenge Maine neMassachusetts.

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene yezihlomelo zebhola

Iindlela zokulwa zijikele imigaqo-nkqubo kwimiba esukela ekubhalisweni komsayini ukuya ekubekeni imiqathango yerhafu. Umzekelo, irhafu yerhafu yeKhalifoniya ye13 (188) edume ngokuphandle, ibangela ukuvukela irhafu kwelizwe lonke. Kutshanje, amatyala afana noColorado kunye noWashington aye asebenzisa amanyathelo okubhalisa ngokusemthethweni ukuzonwabisa kwe-cannabis. Le mizekelo ibonisa indlela inyathelo lokuqhuba ngayo iinguqu-nkqubo enkulu xa imithetho-mthetho icomputer icod athatha ixesha lokuthatha inyathelo.

Ziyintoni IiReferendendom?

I-arhenteendum yivotelwa ngqo ngomvoti othe ngqo kwicandelo elithile lomthetho okanye kutshintsho lomgaqo-siseko olusele ludlulisiwe yindlu yowiso-mthetho. Ngokungafaniyo nenyathelo lokuqala, i-assendum isuka kwisenzo sikarhulumente kunokuba ibe sisicelo sabemi. Ii-referendendum zisebenza njengeeving kumandla owiso-mthetho, zivumela abavoti ukuba bavume okanye bangayisebenzisi imithetho ngaphambi kokuba isebenze.

Iintlobo Zee-Referendendom

  • [[UMTL:0] I-Referendendum equlunqweyo: ifunwa ngumthetho wesizwe kwiintlobo ezithile zomthetho, ezifana nokutshintshwa komgaqo-siseko, imiba yomanyano, okanye utshintsho kwimida yombuso. Abalawuli kufuneka bavumele la manyathelo ukuze babe ngumthetho.
  • Advisory Referendem: Yivoti engabopheleliyo elinganisa uluvo lukawonke-wonke kwimbambano ethile. Ngexa iziphumo zinganyanzeliswanga ngokomthetho, zisoloko ziphembelela izigqibo zemithetho. Ii-advisory rendendium ziqhelekile kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni wemibuzo efana notshintsho lwendawo okanye izinto eziphambili ekuthengiselwe kuyo abantu.

Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi

Urhulumente omninzi ufuna isalathisi somthetho-siseko somseBhalo-siseko ocetyiswa yindlu yowiso-mthetho. Umzekelo, ngo-202020, abavoti beMississippi bathatha i-arhenteum kwisakhiwo seflegi entsha yorhulumente emva kokuba indlu yowiso-mthetho ishenxisile iflegi endala. I-astendum yanika abemi ilizwi elingqalileyo kumqondiso wobuzwe babo. Kwezinye iimeko, abavoti baye basebenzisa ii-antempum zokuvala imithetho engathandwayo, njengomthetho ochasene nerhafuthelo okanye ulwando.

Umahluko Ongundoqo Phakathi Kwezinyathelo Zebhola NeeReferendendom

Nangona zombini izixhobo zinika abemi ivoti engqalileyo, imvelaphi neenjongo zabo zahlukile ngokuphawulekayo. Ukuqonda le mahluko kubalulekile nakuwuphi na umgudu wemfundo.

  • Intshukumo yolawulo: izihlomelo zabemi-driven; ii-ashendem ngurhulumente-driven.
  • [[UMTL: 0]Purpose: Izandulela ukwenza imithetho emitsha; i axendium zivunywa okanye zala imithetho ekhoyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0]''''' inyathelo elithatha inyathelo elifuna utyikityo; i ashendendum idla ngokubangelwa yintshukumo yomthetho.
  • [[UMTL:0]Control: abathathi-nxaxheba bagqitha indlu yowiso-mthetho; amaphetshana asebenza njengovavanyo lowiso-mthetho.

Zombini ezi nkqubo zikhona malunga nesiqingatha seemeko zase-U.S., kunye nomahluko kwiimfuno zosayino, ukusasazeka kwemeko yomhlaba, kunye nemiqathango yombandela. Ukuntywila okunzulu kwimigangatho yombuso, iNgqungquthela yesizwe yesizwe yeLegislatures yesizwe inika isikhokelo sombuso esibanzi-ngendlela yesizwe.

Isizathu Sokuba Imfundo Yabami Ibalulekile

Ukufundisa abemi ngeenkqubo zokhuphiswano nee-asendendum asiyonto nje entle yoluntu; kodwa yinto efunekayo kwidemokhrasi esebenza. Xa abavoti bengenalwazi, bachanabeka ngakumbi kwiphulo lokuthumela imiyalezo elahlekisayo yaye abafane babe nenxaxheba konke konke. Nazi izizathu ezingundoqo zokuba imfundo ibalulekile.

Ukufumana Amandla Ngolwazi

Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa amanyathelo kunye ne-corendendum kunika amandla abemi abaqhelekileyo ukuba baqhubele utshintsho. Umvoti ofundileyo uyazi ukuba akuyomfuneko ukuba balinde indlu yowiso-mthetho ukuba ithathe amanyathelo. Bangaqala isicelo, baqokelele utyikityo, bafake impikiswano kwi fomu. Olu lwazi luguqula imibandela engasebenziyo ibe ngabathathi-nxaxheba abakhutheleyo.

Ukuzichaza Ngolwazi Izigqibo

Amanyathelo ebhola asoloko ebhalwa ngolwimi olunzima lwasemthethweni, ewenza kube nzima ukulwahlula ngaphandle komongo. Imfundo inceda abavoti babone ngaphaya kokuluma kwesandi. Bangavavanya iingxelo zengqungquthela, baqonde intsingiselo ye "ewe" okanye "no" ukuvota, kwaye baqaphele ukuba ngubani oxhasa iphulo ngalinye. Abavoti abakwazi ukuphenjelelwa zintengiso zeemvakalelo kwaye bacinge ngeziphumo zexesha elide.

Ubandakanyeko Loluntu Olunamandla

Xa abemi beyiqonda indlela yokulungisa idemokhrasi engqalileyo, badla ngokuxoxa nabamelwane, bangene kwiiholo zedolophu, basebenze ngokuzithandela kumaphulo. Le ngxoxo yakha ikomkhulu lentlalo kwaye ikhuthaza inkxalabo emanyaneyo. Imimandla ebeka phambili kwimfundo yoluntu ibona ukuvota kuphezulu kwaye ingxubusho kawonke-wonke.

Iindlela Zokufundisa Abemi

Ayikho indlela ebhetele yokufundisa abemi ngeenkqubo zokufaka ibhola okanye ukuthatha amaphetshana. Ezona ndlela zisebenzayo zidibanisa iziqhagamshelanisi ezininzi neefomati ezininzi ukuze kufikelelwe abantu abahlukahlukeneyo.

Iivenkile Zomsebenzi Neeseminari

Iziganeko ezithe ngqo zisesona sixhobo sinamandla semfundo yoluntu. Amathala eencwadi oluntu, amaziko oluntu, kunye nezikolo zingafumana iindawo zokusebenzela ezikhululekileyo ezichaza inyathelo lokuqala kunye nenkqubo ye-arhenteum ngenyathelo ngalinye. Iziqalelo ezincedisanayo, njengemibuzo yentsoyithi okanye i-Q&A iintlanganiso, zinceda abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba basebenzise oko bakufundileyo. Amalungu afana ne- i-League of Women Voters

Izixhobo Ezisetyenziswa Kunxibelelwano Nemibutho Yamanani

Ii-website, media zentlalo-ntle, kunye nee-apps ezihamba-hambayo zingafikelela kubaphulaphuli abanokungena kwiziganeko ezikhoyo. I-website eyonyuliweyo enenkcazelo yolwimi olucacileyo, iividiyo, kunye nezikhokelo ezikhuphekayo isebenza njengendawo yokuthumela unxibelelwano. Amaphulo oluntu olusebenzisa iividiyo ezimfutshane okanye iinkcazelo ze-menugrafics angashwankathela iincam ezingundoqo kunye nenqwelo-mafutha kwimijelo eninzi. Izixhobo ezifana [[FLT: 0] Directus zivumela imibutho ukuba ilawule ize ihlaziye le protmentation prot elungeleneyo, iqinisekisa ukuba ihlala ithekn echanileyo nefikelelekayo kwimigangatho emininzi yamanani.

Ukwanda Kwesikolo Neyunivesithi

Izifundo zokukhutshwa kwemirhumo yemali kunye nee-arhente ezifakwa ezikolweni zidala isizukulwana sabavoti abanolwazi. Iiklasi ze-Civips zingasebenzisa iintlanganiso zonyulo lwakutshanje, zinokwenza abafundi basebenzise amanyathelo okufaka izicelo zonyulo, okanye bahlolisise ii-pastem zemali zezemali. Iinkqubo zolwandiso-mali kwiYunivesithi zinganika abantu abadala iizifundo ezingeyomfuneko abafuna ukunyusa ukuqonda kwabo.

Uthungelwano loMasipala kunye neziKhokelo ze Voter

Amaphephandaba asekuhlaleni, izitishi zikanomathotholo, kunye nomabonwakude kawonke-wonke zingavelisa izikhokelo ezingakhethiyo zovota eziqhekeza umlinganiselo ngamnye wevoti. Isikhokelo esicwangciswe kakuhle siquka isishwankathelo solwimi olusemthethweni, isishwankathelo solwimi olucacileyo, iimpikiswano, kunye noluhlu lwabaxhasi abaphambili kunye nabachasi. Ezi zikhokelo ziluncedo ngokukhethekileyo kubavoti abadibana okokuqala nevoti kwidolokhwe yokuvota.

Ucelomngeni Kubemi Abafundileyo

Nangona kusemngciphekweni omhle, imfundo karhulumente ijamelana nemiqobo emininzi enokuyenza ingasebenzi kakuhle.

Ulwazi Oluninzi Nenkcazelo Ephosakeleyo

Kwixesha leendaba neengxoxo zentlalo ezingama-24, abemi bahlaselwa ngolwazi. Kungaba nzima ukwahlula imithombo ethembekileyo kwabo baneengxubusho. I-Misformation isasazeka ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ngexesha lamaphulo ashushu. Oothisha kufuneka banikele ngokucacileyo, intsingiselo ejongiweyo efumaneka ngengxolo. Ukusebenzisa inkqubo yolawulo olucwangcisiweyo kunceda ukugcina ukungaguquguquki nokuthembeka.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobupolitika

Xa ucalucalulo lwezopolitiko lunzulu, kwanemfundo yobundilele ingajongwa ngokukrokreleka. Abanye abantu basenokungakufuni ukufunda abakugqala njengokungavumelaniyo. Ukhuseleko olungcono kukubonakala: chaza ngokucacileyo uhlobo olungekho kwicala lale nto, ucaphule imithombo emininzi, kwaye uquke iimbono ezahlukeneyo. Ukusebenzisana nemibutho yasekuhlaleni ethembekileyo kunganceda ukuhlukanisa ibhulorho.

Amandla Alinganiselweyo Anokufikelela

Izikolo ezininzi namaqela asekuhlaleni aswele inkxaso-mali okanye abasebenzi bokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zemfundo yoluntu ezibanzi. Iindawo zasemaphandleni nezifumana imali encinane zingaphantsi kakhulu. Imali exhotyisiweyo, iinkqubo zamavolonti, kunye nezixhobo zamanani akhululekileyo zinganceda ekuvaleni umsantsa. Izinto ezivulekileyo zokufundisa zivumela imibutho ukuba yabelane kwaye ilungelelene nolwaneliseko ngaphandle kokuphinda iqalise ivili.

Ulwimi lwasemthethweni oluntsonkothileyo

Amanyathelo ebhola abhalelwe amagqwetha kwaye asoloko esebenzisa ubuchule bobuchule bobuchule. Kwanabavoti abafuna ukuxelelwa basenokutsala nzima ukuqonda oko bakuvota. Izishwankathela zolwimi olucacileyo kunye neenkuthazo ezibonakalayo ziyimfuneko. Amanye amajelo afuna ngoku "izihloko zebhola" kunye "nee-"asimmary" ukuze zibhalwe kumgangatho wokufunda ophakathi kwesikolo semfundo, kodwa umbhalo ophantsi osemthethweni uhlala uxinene. Oothisha kufuneka babhulule lo msantsa onenkcazelo ecacileyo.

Indima Yezixhobo Zobuxhakaxhaka Nezixhobo Zamanani

Ubuxhakaxhaka bungakhulisa imigudu yemfundo yoluntu ngendlela eyayingenakwenzeka kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Iqonga elisebenzisa amanani likwenza kube lula ukwenza, ukusasaza nokuhlaziya izinto eziqulethwe yi-Dignometics. Zikwavumela ukuba kubekho ii-alytics ezibonisa oko ngokwenene kubandakanyekileyo kulwazi.

Inkqubo yolawulo lomxholo ukwenzela imfundo yePhondo

Inkqubo yolawulo olunamandla (CMS) njengolawulo lweDraices ivumela abafundisi-lwazi bakhe indawo yokugcina izinto zemfundo esembindini. Nge-CMS, amaqela angaphatha izinto, iividiyo, ii-menugraphics, kunye nemibuzo edibeneyo esuka kwibhodi enye yodwilo. Isiqulatho sinokubhalwa ngesihloko, umgangatho wobunzima, okanye urhulumente, ukwenza kube lula ngabasebenzisi ukufumana oko bakudingayo. Ulawulo lweziXhobo luqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi oluphelelwe lixesha alupapashwa.

Izixhobo zokusebenza ezidibanisayo kunye nemfaniso

Imithi encedisanayo okanye ibhola yokudlala inganika abasebenzisi indawo ekhuselekileyo yokuyisebenzisa. Umzekelo, isixhobo "Ukwakha Ibala" singavumela abasebenzisi bakhethe indlela abame ngayo kwingxaki yokuthelekelela baze ke babone amanyathelo afunekayo ukujika loo ndawo ibe kukuqalisa. Imfaniso ezifana nezi zakha intembelo kwaye zisuse le nkqubo.

Uqeqesho lwezibonelelo zoluntu nolokufumana

Amaqonga evidiyo alungele ukufikelela abavoti abaselula. Umchazi wesibini ofumana indlela yokufumana inyathelo lokuqala lorhulumente wakho angadibanisa amawaka eembono. Ukudibanisa ezi vidiyo namakhonkco kubuncwane obunzulu kwenza ifaneli yokufunda. Ukufunda ngemicroing/ukunikezela ulwazi kwimihlathi emincinci, ekwaziyo ukugaya.

Unikezelo olungaphandle logcino-lwazi

Izixhobo zamanani ziyakwazi ukuncedisa ekujoliseni izibonelelo zemfundo kubantu abazifuna kakhulu. Ngokuhlalutya iitrafiki kunye nophando lwe-data, imibutho ingachaza ukuba zeziphi izihloko ezibangela ukudideka okanye umdla. Bangalungisa indlela yokuqulathiweyo ngokomzekelo. Umzekelo, ukuba ugcino-lwazi lubonisa umqulu ophezulu wokukhangela "i-tempendim yerhafu," umfundisi- ntsapho angayila isikhokelo esinikezelweyo kulo mxholo.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Kwiinkokeli Zoluntu

Ukuba uyinkokeli yebutho labantu, umfundisi, okanye umphengululi okhangele phambili kwizifundo zamavoti, nawa amanyathelo asisiseko okuqalisa.

Inyathelo 1: Hlola Iimfuno Zasekuhlaleni

Hlola ingingqi yakho ukuze uqonde oko sele bekwazi noko bakufumanisa kudida. Jonga iinkcukacha zonyulo lwangaphambili ukuze ubone ukuba ngawaphi amanyathelo okukhetha anemiba ephantsi kwexabiso (amaqela angenamsebenzi) okanye ahlukeneyo. Le nkcazelo ityhila apho imfundo ifuneka kakhulu khona.

Inyathelo 2: Yakha Intsingiselo

Ukusebenzisana namaqela angengawo amapartistan afana noManyano lwaManyano lwaMantombazana, umbutho wasekuhlaleni webar, amasebe eeyunivesithi, kunye namajelo eendaba athembekileyo. Umbutho owahlukahlukeneyo unika intembelo yaye unceda kufikelela amaqela awahlukeneyo abemi.

Inyathelo 3: Senza Umxholo Ucace, Ufikeleleke

Bhala zonke izixhobo ngolwimi olulula. Sebenzisa i Pilot yolwimi oluPlain njengembekiselo. Quka imboniso, imizekelo, kunye noshwankathela oluqhelekileyo. Vavanya okuqulathiweyo ngeqela elincinane phambi kokundulula phambi kokuvula esidlangalaleni.

Inyathelo 4: Khetha Iziqhagamshelanisi Ezisekunene

Sebenzisa ukuxubana kweziqhagamshelanisi ezisebenzisa amanani. Iindlu zokusebenzela neeholo zedolophu zisebenza kakuhle kubantu abadala nabo bakhetha ukunxibelelana nobuso obubonakalayo. Izixhobo zoluntu kunye newebhsayithi yemfundo (elawulwa yi-CMS ethambileyo) ifikelela kubemi abaselula nabanxibelelane kakhulu ngokwamanani.

Inyathelo 5: Ukujikeleza

Emva konyulo ngalunye, linganisela impembelelo yemigudu yakho yemfundo. Thelekisa umvoti nomatshini wokuvota ulinganisa ukuqonda kwengingqi yakho kwiminyaka edluleyo. Sebenzisa uphando kunye namaqela agxininisayo ukuqokelela ingxelo. Thelekisa indlela oza kuqhuba ngayo umjikelo olandelayo.

Isiphelo

Iinyathelo eziphambili zebhola kunye nee-comput zobugcisa zinika abemi ilizwi elingqalileyo kwimithetho elawulayo, kodwa elo lizwi linamandla njengolwazi olungemva kwalo. Ukubafundisa abami ngezi zixhobo akusosiganeko esinye; kusisibopho esiqhubekayo esifuna ubuchule obuthe ngqo, umanyano olungafaniyo, kunye nezibonelelo zobugcisa ezifanelekileyo. Ngokunika ulwazi olucacileyo, olufikelelekayo, nolungelulo lwamalungu ecalini, singanceda abacholi ekusheleni ekudidezeni kwintembelo. Xa ummi ngamnye eqonda indlela yokucebisa, ukuthelekelela, nokuvota kwimilinganiselo yebholo, idemokhrasi iba neyamkela ngakumbi, kwaye iqine ngakumbi. Umsebenzi wemfundo yoluntu awupheliseki, kodwa umvoti ngamnye oyazi usenza inkqubo yomelele ngakumbi. Ukuqalisa namhlanje kuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo sebutho labantu bakho, nokuzilawula abantu.