Isiseko sikarhulumente olungeleleneyo

Umgaqo wokwahlula amagunya karhulumente ungomnye wezona zinto zihlala zihleli zikhuselekile kulawulo olungqwabalala. Ukusuka kwisixeko samandulo saseGrisi ukuya kwirepublic zomGaqo-siseko zale mihla, ingcamango yokuba akukho mntu okanye intlangano emele ibambe igunya elingathintelekiyo iye yayila iinkqubo zezobupolitika kumazwekazi. Ukuqonda indaleko engokwembali yale mfundiso akukhanyisi nje kuphela uxanduva olwabangelwa lulawulo olunegunya kodwa kunceda abemi bakhona baqonde xa umgangatho ocekekayo wegunya usengozini.

Esahlulweni sawo, ukwahlulwa kwamagunya kusasaza imisebenzi karhulumente phakathi kwamasebe ahlukeneyo . ngokufuziselayo uwiso-mthetho, i-gcisa, kunye ne-odoli-enga, ukuze nganye isebenze ngokwayo ngoxa isebenza njengechelo kwezinye. Eli lungiselelo lenzelwe ukunqanda ukuxinezeleka kwamandla akhokelela ekucinezeleni ingcinezelo nokukhusela inkululeko yabantu. Uhambo olusuka kwimigqeba yamandulo ukuya kubume bale mihla libali lengxoxo yentanda-ntandabulumko, uvavanyo lwezobupolitika, kunye nokuvukelwa kwakhona kwemithetho-mthetho-mthetho-siseko, icandelo ngalinye longezelela ingcamango ehlala ibalulekile namhlanje.

Imvelaphi Yokwahlukana Kwamagunya

IGrisi Yamandulo Nembewu Yokwahlula

Uvavanyo lokuqala olubhaliweyo lwegunya elahlulweyo lwavela kwilizwe lamaGrike. Ngelixesha idemokhrasi yase-Athene yenkulungwane yesihlanu yeBCE isoloko ibhiyozelwa ngenxa yokuthabatha kwayo inxaxheba ngqo kummi, ikwasebenza namaziko acacileyo afuzisela iingcamango zamva. Assweon (I-Eklesia) isebenza njengelungu lokuqala lomthetho, ngexesha [[FLT:]] iCocilcul ye 500 (Boule) elungiselele izicwangciso zemithetho kunye nemicimbi yemihla ngemihla. iMagistritis, njengeedemorions, imithetho ephumezweyo, kunye neenkundla [FLT:] [FLT] [FFFF]

Aristotle, kwi' yakhe, waphawula ukuba wonke umgaqo-siseko olungelelanisiweyo uquka izinto ezintathu: identificity, igcisa, kunye nekomiti egwebayo. Akacebisanga ulwahlulo oluqinileyo njengoko siluqonda namhlanje, kodwa ulwahlulo lwakhe lomsebenzi karhulumente lwanika isigama esisisiseko esiza kucocwa kamva. AmaGrike abonisa ukuba ukwabelana imisebenzi phakathi kwemizimba eyahlukeneyo kunganciphisa ubungozi bolawulo, kwanokuba inkqubo yawo ingenawo uvavanyo olusesikweni lwemimiselo yanamhlanje.

IRiphabliki YaseRoma Nokulungelelana Koorhulumente

I-Rome yaya phambili ngokumisa inkqubo yokuhlola kunye nolungelelwano phakathi kwemiyalelo yayo yezobupolitika kunye nama-magistracies. IRiphabliki yaseRoma (c. 509-27 BCE) yabalaselisa amaziko amandla amaninzi anokuthi athintelena. [[FLT:]] Izibonelelo [[FLT:]] [[FLT:]] [iiiiiijaji zemali] zacebisa irejistatinelti nemali; iindibano eziphambili ezinyuliweyo zaze zidlulise imithetho; kunye iiregistertis [[FLD:] [FLT]] [iiiiiinjini ye-omati], ii-ppertiesties] (kuquka ii-FLG], kunye ne-injini ye-3]).

UPolybius, umbhali-mbali ongumGrike owabhala kakhulu ngeRoma, waphikisa ngelithi amandla eRiphabliki ayekumgaqo-siseko wayo oxube, oweza kudibanisa amacandelo olawulo lookumkani (iCamelo), idemokhrasi (iindibano) kunye nedemokhrasi. Ilungu ngalinye, wachaza, lingahlola ezinye, lithintele nasiphi na isiphakamiso sokulawula. Imo yeRoma yabonisa ukuba amandla angenayo anokudala uzinzo, isifundo esizakuba nempembelelo kubo bonke abasunguli bamaMerika. Noko ke, ekugqibeleni iRiphabliki isebenza njengentsomiba e-asquieas.

Ilifa Lamandulo

Ngexesha lamaXesha aphakathi, ingcamango yamagunya ahlukeneyo yancipha njenge-denalism kunye negunya eliphakamileyo lolawulo lolawulo. Noko ke, amalungiselelo athile amaziko agcine impesa yomgaqo. [12] [12] [ingcamango yamagunya ahlukeneyo] (1215) yaqinisekisa ukuba ukumkani wayengengaphezu komthetho kwaye amalungelo athile ayenokukhulula abantu . umlinganiselo wamandla aphezulu anokuthi kamva abalandeli bawubone njengovavanyo lwakudala. [[FLT.PLT:2]] uParliation waseNgilani ngokuthe ngcelele yaqinisekisa indima yayo kwirhafu nomthetho, isenza isithsaba esiphezulu kwimfazwe ye-17. Ngenkulungwane ye-17, imfazwe ye-Grisonmastery yavelisa ingculvelvelveant efuna ukwabelana kwegunya phakathi kwemithetho yemithetho yemithetho elungele ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho elungiselelwe i-mosahlulo.

IMontesquieu kunye nomsebenzi wesakhelo wale mihla

Umoya Wemithetho

Isithandi sobulumko saseFrentshi [[FLT: 0]. UCarlesǒis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, , papashwe Umoya woMthetho [ ngo1748, enikela ucalulo lokuqala olunzima lwahlula amagunya. Ukuzobela kwisifundo sakhe sembali yamaRoma neMimiselo yamaNgesi, Montesquieu waphikisa ukuba inkululeko yezobupolitika ifuna ukusasazwa kwegunya likarhulumente phakathi kwamasebe amathathu ahlukeneyo: [[FLT:] i-gislaska[[[FLT]] [5] [ukuthi] [iiiiiiiiiimpekelele] [iiiiiiiindlela], xa i-Foct: [Foct:5]] [ith] okanye i-ixpectives , okanye i-exmaskgnote , xa i-off i-octive sync.

Montesquieu wabhala: “Xa amagunya owiso-mthetho kunye nolawulo oluphezulu emanyaniswe kumntu omnye, okanye kuqumrhu elinye lomajineli, akunakubakho nkululeko... kwakhona, akukho nkululeko ukuba amandla ejaji akahlulwa kumthetho kunye nolawulo.” Olu hlobo lwanika isindululo esicacileyo, esisebenzayo esiqhutywa ngaphaya kodidi olusebenzayo luka-Aristotle. UMontesquieu wagxininisa ukuba isebe ngalinye kufuneka lizimele ngokwamaqela .

Impembelelo Ekucingeni Ngendaleko

Iingcamango zikaMontesquieu zasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke elaseYurophu kunye namathanga aseMerika. Umsebenzi wakhe wakhankanywa kakhulu ngabaseki bamaMelika , ababona ekuzahluleni kwamagunya inkqubo yokukhusela uhlobo lobuzwilakhe ababenalo phantsi kolawulo lweBritane. UJohn Adams, Thomas Jefferson, noJames Madison bonke babebandakanyeke ngokunzulu neempikiswano zikaMontesquieu, bezivumelanisa neemeko ezingaqhelekanga zeRiphabliki yengingqi. Ngexesha le Convention yeMithetho-siseko eyayihlanganisene ngo1787, lomgaqo wawusele usiba lilungu lesiseko sendlela yezopolitiki yaseMerika.

Impembelelo emGaqo-siseko waseUnited States

Ukwakhiwa komGaqo-siseko we-1787

Izigqubuthelo ze- ze-United States ye-United States ezincanyathiselweyo zokwahlulwa kwamandla ukuya kwisakhiwo sorhulumente omtsha. Inqaku Lenza i-bitameral iKhonvol [[ [isebe lowisomthetho] (isebe lomthetho) [elikuphela kwegunya lokwenza imithetho; iGatya II linegunya lolawulo lolawulo oluphezulu kwisakhiwo esinye uPrentent ; iSicwangciso II esimisela iNkuvo-mthetho ezimeleyo [[FLT:]] [[FLT]] [iiK] kunye neenkundla ezisezantsi zesizwe ukutolika loo mithetho. Le mithetho-366] Le nkqubo yemithetho-mthetho-mthetho yayiyi-eyibhulikiyodwa [iK6]

James Madison, ku Uluhlu lwendawo enguNo. 51, wachaza ukuba ukwahlukana kwamandla kwakubalulekile ukulawula “ii-croach" ukuba ngokwemvelo kuvela nakuwuphi na urhulumente. Wabhala: “Inzala mayiyenzelwe ukulwa nephulo. Umdla womntu kufuneka udibane namalungelo esiseko sendawo.” UMadison waqonda ukuba ukuzoba imigca ephepheni akuyi kwanele; amasebe ayefuna iindlela nentshukumisa yokulwa nomnye umntu.

Iingqinipho - bume Nokulungelelana Okuqheliselwayo

UMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S. awulwenzi ulwahlulo olungangeni moya. Endaweni yoko, unika isebe ngalinye ngezixhobo zokulinganisela ezinye `inkqubo eyaziwa njenge imiqathango kunye nomlinganiselo . UMongameli angawubeka umthetho odluliswe yiBhunga; iBhunga linokuwulawula ngesibini soovimba; iNtsimbi iyaqinisekisa ukumiswa kwegunya elilawulayo kunye nezivumelwano eziqululiweyo; iNkundla ePhakamileyo ingavakalisa imithetho okanye izenzo zempatho-siseko somthetho ngokuhlola okugunyazisa (amandla aqinisekiswe ku . [FLT]]]

Imodeli yaseMerika yaba yisikhokelo somgaqo-siseko omninzi olandelayo, ingakumbi kuMzantsi Merika naseYurophu. Uzimaso bayo ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini . Nangona kukho imfazwe yamakhaya, iingxaki zezoqoqosho, kunye namaxesha olwahlulo olunzima lwezopolitiko, kwaya kungqinelana namandla enkqubo ekwakheni kwayo. Kodwa inkqubo ikwajongene noxinezeleko oluzinzileyo, ingakumbi njengoko isebe eliphetheyo liye lakhula ngomlinganiselo nangobungakanani ukususela kwi-New Deal kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko lwesizwe zikhule ngokuphendula kwiingozi zomhlaba wonke.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

IFransi: Ukususela Kwimvukelo Ukuya KwiRiphabliki Yesihlanu

Ukwamkelwa kweFransi ngokwahlula amagunya kwakunengxaki. Kodwa lo mgaqo wangqineka ungonakalanga: ukwenziwa kwamandla agqithisileyo kwi-Community of Public Safety , asungulwe ekuqaleni kweMvukelo yamaFrentshi, waseka ulawulo lomgaqo-siseko kunye nolwahlulo olucacileyo phakathi kwengqungquthela yemithetho-siseko kunye nokumkani (owahlulayo). Kodwa lo mgaqo wabonakala ubuthathaka: amacandelo anamandla aphezulu kwiKomiti ye-Propolatementation Safety, kwaye kamva, uNapolance Bonaparte waqokelelwa igunya kuwo onke amasebe. Kwinkulungwane ye-199, iFransi idibene phakathi kolawulo lolawulo, ubukhosi nolawulo lwaselunye, nolawulo lweziko lwempumezo ezahlukeneyo.

IRiphabliki yangoku eyiFith (emiselwe ngo-1958 phantsi koCharles de Gaulle) ihlasela ulwahlulo olwahlukileyo. Igcina umphathi onamandla ``uMongameli'] onamagunya abalulekileyo owiso-mthetho noxa uxanduva, ngelixa iPalamente igcina igunya lomthetho kunye neBhunga leMithetho-siseko liqhuba uhlolo olulinganiselweyo lomthetho. Abagxeki baphikisa ngelithi inkqubo ithambe kakhulu kumphathi ophezulu, kodwa abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi inika uzinzo olufunekayo ngexesha igcina imisebenzi yedemokhrasi.

EJamani: UMthetho Osisiseko Nomanyano

Umthetho osisiseko waseJamani (] [[FULTgesetz]) ka-194], omiselwe emva kobungendawo bolawulo olumanyumnyezi bamaNazi, usasaza ngabom amandla okuthintela ubuzwilakhe bexesha elizayo. [ UBundestag[[[FLT]] [FLT]] [indlu esezantsi] [indlu ephezulu] ne[FLT]] [FULT] [indersrat[ [iindlu emela amagunya akhoyo)]; [[FLT] iNgwebo olubanzi [[FLT] kunye nomthetho wolawulo oluphezulu]

Inkqubo yaseJamani ibonisa indlela ulwahlula-mandla olunokusebenza ngayo kwisakhiwo sepalamente. Ngokungafaniyo nomzekelo wepalamente yase-U.S., apho umlawuli kunye nendlu yowiso-mthetho zinyulwa ngokuzimeleyo, umongameli waseJamani ulilungu lenkomfa yepalamente. Sekunjalo, uhlolo lukhona: inkundla ingabetha imithetho, iBundesrat ingakwazi ukuthintela umthetho wesizwe ochaphazela izilangazelelo zikarhulumente, kunye nokuvota okukhuthazayo kokungaqiniseki kokuthi umongameli unokususwa kuphela ukuba umlawuli unyulwe ngexesha elinye. Le ndlela ibonakalisa ukuba ukwahlukana kwamagunya akuyo inkqubo enye kodwa kusekwe izixhobo ezilungelelaniswa nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zezobupolitika.

EIndiya: Idemokhrasi yePalamente elawulwa yizezomthetho

I- i-Cunitution (50) ibandakanya inkqubo yepalamente apho umphathi ophetheyo (iNkulumbuso kunye neBhunga labaPhathiswa) ephumayo kwiPalamente. Kodwa umGaqo-siseko ukwanika [ iNkundla [[FLT:]] amagunya apheleleyo ohlalutyiso lwezahlulelo kwaye agcina ukwahlulwa okucacileyo kwemisebenzi. Inkundla iye yawabetha ngokuphindaphindiwe umGaqo-siseko neezenzo zolawulo ezisongela isakhiwo esisisiseko somGaqo-siseko, [[FLT] [FLT]] , isungulwe [F:] ku-Kavanati]

Amava e-Indiya abonisa ukuba ukwahlukana kwamagunya akuyonto iphambili. Kwanakwinkqubo apho isigqeba esiphetheyo silawula indlu yowiso-mthetho, ijaji ezimeleyo ingasebenza njengesixhobo esinamandla sokulwa nomlinganiselo onamandla. Ukuvuma kwejaji yaseIndiya ukungenelela kwimicimbi yenkqubo yemithetho kunye nezenzo zesebe eliphetheyo ziye zabangela izityholo zokumangalelwa kwamatyala, zigxininisa ubunzima obungapheliyo bokuchaza imida efanelekileyo phakathi kwamasebe.

Ucelomngeni Lokwahlukana Kwamagunya Namhlanje

Ukufikelela okungaphezulu kolawulo oluPhezulu nokukhula koBurhulumente boLawulo

Phantse kuyo yonke idemokhrasi yomgaqo-siseko, isebe elilawulayo liye lakhula ngokuphawulekayo kwinkulungwane edluleyo. Ukuntsonkotha kolawulo lwangoku olulawulayo/umgaqo-siseko wezoqoqosho, ukhuseleko lwesizwe, impilo kawonke-wonke, kwaye yakhokelela izikhulu zendlu zowiso-mthetho ekumiseni igunya elibalulekileyo kumasebe aphetheyo kunye neenkokeli ezizimeleyo. Ngelixesha kuyimfuneko, eli zwe lingurhulumente wolawulo lingayifiphaza imigca phakathi kokwenza umthetho nomthetho, kuphakamisa imibuzo ephathelele ukuba liliphi igunya lesebe elisebenzisa ngokwenene.

EUnited States, oomongameli baye basebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo imiyalelo yokubulala. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuba le nkqubo iphazamisana negunya lomthetho leKhomishoni. Abaxhasi baphendula ngokuthi yimpendulo esemthethweni kwi-propatie inaction kwaye i-judiary ihlala ikhona ukuvavanya imithambo engekho mthethweni yamandla olawulo. Uxanduva lubonisa ucelomngeni olunzulu: ukwahlukana kwamandla okuthi amasebe ayazihlonela, kodwa akhuthaze iinjongo ezichasene nezopolitiko.

Umthetho Ogwebayo Nemida Yokutolika

Izikhululo eziphambili ehlabathini lonke ziye zanenxaxheba engakumbi, zandisa indima yazo ukusuka kwisigqibo sokuphikisana ukuya kuqwalasela inkqubo. EUnited States, izigqibo zeNkundla Ephakamileyo ngokunyamekela impilo, ukuqhomfa, kunye nomtshato ziye zamisela inkqubo yesizwe ngokunempumelelo, nto leyo ekhokelela abanye ekutyholeni iNkundla yokubhukuqa imisebenzi yezomthetho. Ngokufanayo, iinkundla eziphezulu kumazwe anjengeColombia, uMzantsi Afrika, kunye ne-Israel ziye zakhupha imithetho enyanzela oorhulumente ukuba banikele izinto ngokweenkqubo zezentlalo-ntle okanye bamkele iinguqu zemithetho.

Igama elithi i-activalism ithwala iintsingiselo ezingakhiyo kwabo bakholelwa ukuba iinkundla zifanele zithabathe amaqumrhu anyuliweyo. Kodwa abanye baphikisa ngelithi uhlolo oluqinileyo lomthetho lubalulekile ekukhuseleni amalungelo amancinane nasekusekeleni imigaqo yomgaqo-siseko. Ingxoxo ibalaselisa umlinganiselo ocekethekileyo ofunekayo: ijudiary ehlala ingekho mthethweni iba sitempempeka serabhabhabha yegunya likarhulumente, lo gama enye ekwaneyo ingasilela kwisigqibo sedemokhrasi. Ukufumana i-demon inguqulo kungumngeni oqhubekayo kuko nako nakuphi nayiphi na indlela esemthethweni exabisekileyo yomthetho nokhuseleko oluncinane.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobupolitika Nokuncipha Kwemibhiyozo

Ukwahlulwa kwamagunya kuxhomekeke kungekuphela nje kumalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko kodwa nakwizithethe ezingabhalwanga zokuzibamba kunye nentlonelo phakathi kwamasebe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ulawulo-melo oluninzi luye lwafumana ukunyuka kweendawo zezobupolitika[[FLT: 1], okunciphisa intsebenziswano ehlola kunye nolungelelwano olufunekayo. Xa amaqela ejongana njengezisongelo ezikhoyo, izihlomelo zokulalanisa, ezikhokelela ekudibaniseni, ekuvaleni intsika, ekuthinteleni iprocession, kunye nokuhlasela kwinkululeko yenkundla kunye nemibutho yabaphathi.

I-United States iye yabona ukuqinisekiswa kwabagwebi kuthoba isantya kumlinganiselo ophantsi ngokwembali, ukusetyenziswa kwe-monibulisster ukuvala phantse wonke umthetho ongundoqo, kunye nezisongelo zokuthoba okanye ukuphelisa amasebe aphetheyo. Izenzo ezifanayo ziye zabonakala kumazwe anjengePoland, Hungary, neTurkey, apho abalawuli bephondo baye bazama ukuphelisa inkululeko yokulawula, imiqathango yezixhobo zekhompyutha, kunye namandla aphakathi kwigunya eliphetheyo. Ezi nkqubela-phambili zisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuba ukwahlukana kwamagunya akuyo ngokwawo; kufuna abami kunye nodidi lwezopolitiko oluzinikele kumgangatho womgaqo-siseko.

Ucelomngeni Lwamandla Exesha Lentlekele

Ngamaxesha amanqam, ubhubhani, ukuwa kwezoqoqosho, ukuwa kwemeko-ntle, . Ngokwahlukileyo koorhulumente basoloko befuna ukwenza izinto ngokukhawuleza nangokucacileyo, bengafuni iintshukumo eziqhelekileyo zowiso-mthetho. Isifo seCOVID 8819 sanika umboniso ocacileyo: amazwe amaninzi abekwe izitshixo, imiqathango yokuhamba, kunye nemiyalelo yezonyango ngemithetho elawulayo, kunye neendlu zowiso-mthetho ezidlala indima enciphileyo. Nangona amanyathelo anjalo engolu hlobo anokugwetyelwa zimfuno zoluntu, akwandisa igunya lolawulo oluphezulu amise imizekelo enokuqhubeka emva kokuphela kwengxaki.

Iingcali zomGaqo-siseko zilumkisile kangangexesha elide ukuba amagunya ongxamiseko anokuba ngamaxesha asisigxina. Isiko leRiphabliki yeRoma, elicetyelwe ukuba libe yiofisi yexeshana yezongxamiseko, ekugqibeleni laxhatshazwa ngamanani afana noSulla noJulius Caesar ukuba afumane ulawulo olusisigxina. Imiqathango yanamhlanje isoloko iquka amalungiselelo olawulo longxamiseko kodwa izama ukulinganisela ixesha elifanelekileyo nobungakanani balo. Ucelomngeni kukuqinisekisa ukuba oomatshini borhulumente bangasabela kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ngaphandle kokuphelisa ulawulo olunqanda ubundlobo.

Ukuhlengahlengisa Umgaqo Wenkulungwane Yama - 206

Ulawulo lwehlabathi kunye nolawulo lwezibonelelo

Utshintsho lorhwebo-mhlaba kunye nobugcisa luye lwadala amaziko amatsha alawula amandla angaphandle kwezithethe zesizwe. Imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe, iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nolawulo lwemithetho-mithetho ingasebenzisa igunya kubantu ngaphandle kokuba phantsi kokwahlulwa okuqhelekileyo kwamagunya. Amazwe anganika igunya lokulawula kwimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokufana neEuropean Union jl.

Abaphengululi abasemthethweni bahlola indlela umgaqo wokwahlula amagunya onokwenziwa ngayo kwezi zinto zitsha zikhoyo. Abanye bacebisa ukuba ulawulo lwedemokhrasi lufanele luphelekezele bonke abathunywa begunya lezizwe ngezizwe okanye kwinkqubo yokuyila. Abanye baphikisana ngeentlobo ezintsha zombutho, ezifana nee-odabi zemithetho yokuziphatha okanye ii-ofisi zokuphendula ngokwemigaqo-siseko, ukuzalisa izithuba ezishiywe ngamasebe esithethe. Ukuqonda okungundoqo kuhlala: naphi na apho amandla asetyenziswayo, kufuneka ahlolwe ngamaziko aphikisanayo nomthetho okulondoloza inkululeko.

Imfundo yePhondo kunye nokuThenjelwa

Akukho mGaqo-siseko unokuba nenkxaso yenkxaso yabemi abanolwazi nabatshayelweyo. Xa abemi bengakuqondi oko kwenziwa ngamasebe awahlukeneyo, basengozini yokuhlasela kwinkululeko yamaqumrhu. Ukukholosa kwabantu ngeenkundla, kwizindlu zowiso-mthetho, nakumaziko aphezulu kuye kwancipha kwimimandla emininzi yedemokhrasi, kuvulwe isithuba sokuba iinkokeli ezithembisa ukuyeka okanye ukuchitha iingqinipho kunye nokulungelelanisa izinto egameni lempumelelo okanye ekuthandeni.

Imfundo ye-CUBIC equka imbali kunye nokucaciswa kokwahlula amagunya ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuze kuvuselelwe idemokhrasi. Abahlali kufuneka bafunde kungekuphela nje imithetho esesikweni kodwa kwanezizathu zokuba kutheni iinkundla ezizimeleyo, izikhulu ezizimeleyo, kunye nemithetho enyanzeliswe ngokomGaqo-siseko. Kufuneka baqonde ukuba ukwahlukana kwamagunya akuyongxaki kwidemokhrasi kodwa kunoko enye yezona ziqinisekiso ezibalulekileyo, kodwa kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuba ulawulo loninzi alubi yingcinezelo enkulu.

Ikamva Lamandla Ahlukeneyo

Indaleko yokwahlula amagunya ayiphelelanga. Isizukulwana ngasinye kufuneka siwuchaze size siwukhusele kwakhona lo mgaqo ngenxa yokutshintsha kweemeko. Ukuvela kolwazi lweziteknoloji, ukuxilongwa koosomashishini, impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika, nocelomngeni olubangelwa zizisongelo ezibangelwa yizizwe ngezizwe zonke, zonke zifuna ukucinga ngendlela entsha yokwabelana nokuhlola amandla.

Into ehlala ingaguquki lulwazi olusisiseko lokuba amandla `awusebenzisayo' --nabani na oyisebenzisayo kufuneka alinganiselwe kwaye alungelelene. AmaGrike amandulo ayeqonda ukuba igunya lokunikela ingqalelo kumntu omnye okanye kumzimba omnye likhuthaza ukuxhatshazwa; uMontesquieu wanika olo lwazi uhlobo olucwangcisiweyo; kwaye iinkulungwane ezimbini zovavanyo lomgaqo-siseko zibonise ukuba luyimfuneko kwaye lunentsingiselo. Njengoko sijamelene neengxaki zezobupolitika zenkulungwane engamashumi amabini anesithandathu anesithandathu, imbono yembali yokwahlulwa kwamandla ayiniki mpendulo kodwa inika indlela yokubuza imibuzo elungileyo.

Abahlali, abamisi-mthetho nabagwebi kufuneka bahlale bekuphaphele ukuqokelelwa kwegunya ngokuzolileyo naliphi na isebe. Bamele baqonde ukuba ukwahlula amagunya akuyomfundiso esemthethweni kuphela kodwa kuqheliselo lwezobupolitika oluxhomekeke kwizithethe, ukuzibamba, kunye nokuzibophelela kunye kurhulumente womgaqo-siseko. Ikamva ledemokhrasi lisenokuxhomekeka ekubeni sinokuwuxhasa kusini na loo mkhwa kwiingcinezelo ezintsha nezilingo ezindala.

Ukuphinda ufunde ngomlinganiselo ongokwembali nowengcinga yalo mbandela, jonga i Sttanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ungeno kumandla[, [[[FLT:]] i-Enclopedia Britannica [[ amanqaku ku [[FLT:]] umquluko wobume [[FLT] kunye nodweliso] lwezibonelelo olusemthethweni [[FLT:], kunye nolunikezelo lwamatyala olungeleneyo.[FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [FLT]]