Isivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu: Iminyaka Engamashumi Amabini Yokwakha Uxolo Neengxaki Eziqhubekayo

Ityikitywe ngomhla we-10 kuTshazimpuzi 1998, iGood Wesihlanu (esaziwa nangokuthi yi-Belfast Revention) yavakaliswa njengempumelelo embali kwinkqubo yoxolo yaseMntla Ireland. Yaphela amashumi eminyaka emfazwe yogonyamelo, eyaziwa ngokuba ziiNqaba, ezazisele zibulale abantu abangaphezu kwama-3 500. Isivumelwano saseka inkqubo yokulawula amandla phakathi kwamaqumrhu kunye namaBhunga esizwe, ayila amaziko eemida yemida yemida, kwaye abeka onke amaqela kwiindlela zoxolo. Ngamashumi amabini eminyaka adluleyo, impumelelo neempazamo zawo ziphembelela ezopolitiki, ezoqoqo, ezoqoqo kunye nenyaniso yentlalo. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa ukuphumelela nokungaphumeleli koMbutho olungileyo weSihlanu, umzobo wobuGwesihlanu nookrwendo oluhlala ufumana iziphumo lwawo oluhlala luhleli.

Impumelelo Enkulu Yesivumelwano Esihle SoLwesihlanu

Ukuphelisa Ugonyamelo Nokuchitha Izixhobo

Eyona mpumelelo ibonakalayo yeGood Wearvey Agreement kukuncitshiswa okuphawulekayo kogonyamelo lwezobupolitika. Ngaphambi konyaka ka-1998, amaphulo, ukudubula, kunye nohlaselo lwamahlelo e-Ireland, kwalandela ingqokelela yeebhombu, phantse yonke imihla. Isivumelwano sadala isakhiwo sokuba amaqela amajoni asebenzele ukuphelisa umlilo kwaye ekugqibeleni akhulule izixhobo zawo. Ngonyaka ka-2005, i-Irish Republican Republican Army (IRA) ibeke izixhobo zayo zomkhosi ezingaphaya kokusetyenziswa, kwaye amajoni anyanise alandela isambathe kwiminyaka eyalandelayo. Ngoxa amaqela avukelayo amaqela e-Riphabliki aqhubeka esebenza, umgangatho wogonyamelo uphelile. NgokweSigodlo se-AIN [[FT:0] , ukufa okunxulumene nemfazwe esusiweyo kumananini angaphezulu konyaka ngamnye kunyaka ngamnye kunyaka wama-1990909, amaqela amaqela athe amaqela amaqela ahlala eqengqeshoshosho.

Ukumisela Urhulumente Onamandla Azinzileyo

Esi sivumelwano sadala indlu yowiso-mthetho eyahlulwayo (iNdibano yaseMntla Ireland) kunye nesikhulu esilawulayo esilawulayo esilawulayo apho amaqela amakhulu amaqumrhu asebenza kwimpilo, kwimfundo, nakuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Ingqungquthela yaseMntla Ireland [[FLT: 1] yanika abapolitiki basekuhlaleni ulawulo lwezitshixo ezingundoqo, emele ukudluliselwa okubalulekileyo kwegunya laseLondon. Uzinzo lwale ntlanganiso, nangona kuwe ngexesha lonyaka ka-19982017, kwaboniswa ukuba amaqumrhu nesizwe anokusebenza kunye. Ingqungquthelanano yasemntla Ireland.[FLT: 1]

Ukukhula kwezoqoqosho norhwebo lomda wokunqamleza

Ulwahlulo loxolo lwazisa impumelelo engokoqoqosho. Urhwebo lwamazwe angaphandle lwakhula njengoko iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zabona i-Northern Ireland njengendawo ekhuselekileyo yokwenza ishishini. I-Tourism yanda, enamanani abakhenkethi enyuka ukusuka malunga nezigidi eziyi-1.5 ngo-1998 ukuya ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 ngo-2019. Urhwebo lwemida yokunqamlula phakathi kwe-Ireland yaseNorth kunye neRiphabliki yase-Ireland yachuma, ixhaswe yimake ngurhulumente we-EUUU yezorhwebo kunye nommandla oqhelekileyo wokuhamba. I-eventions syst syst , iquka iBhunga loMntla-South kunye nemibutho esebenzayo.

Ukuphucula Ulwalamano Loluntu Noxolo

Esi sivumelwano sanceda ekutshintsheni ingxubakaxaka ukusuka kwimfazwe ukuya kuhlalisana. Iinkqubo ezixhaswa yi-EU's Peace and Reconciliations Indla ye-International for Ireland zixhasa imisebenzi yokudityaniswa kwe-omssion, ukutshintshisana kolutsha, kunye namalungiselelo endlu ahlukeneyo. Umlinganiselo wabantu abahlala kwiindawo ezidibeneyo. Ngokwamaqela amaKatolika namaProtestanti ahlala ecaleni elinye icala. Ngokuthe qhotyotyekileyo kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukusekwa kwamaziko afana neKhomishini yaMalungelo oluntu ne-Equality kuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo abantu aqiniswe ekulawuleni. Ngoxa uxolelwano luyinkqubo ende, isivumelwano salungiselela ukwakhiwa kwezobupolitika nokwasemthethweni ukuze iqalise.

Iingxaki Neentsilelo Zesivumelwano Esihle SangoLwesihlanu

Ukungalawuleki Kwezobupolitika Nokutshatyalaliswa Kwegunya Elilawulayo

Phezu kwayo nje impumelelo yayo yokuqala, ilungiselelo lokulawula amandla liye lathotywa phantsi ngokuphindaphindiweyo ziimeko zobupolitika. Ukuwa okuphawulekayo kwenzeka phakathi kukaJanuwari 2017 noJanuwari 2020, xa iGunya eliphetheyo layeka ukusebenza emva kokuxabana ngeNqaba eVuselelekayo yeHeat Incentive (RHI) kunye nokungavumelani kwamalungelo olwimi lwase-Ireland. Ngexesha laloo minyaka mithathu, i-Northern Ireland ayizange iphinde ihlaziswe ngurhulumente, ishiya izigqibo ezingundoqo ezandleni zabakhonzi belizwe. [[FLT: 0] Indlu yeThalamrhu Lencwadi Leencwadi Eqhelekileyo [ iphawula ukuba ukurhoxinzeke kakhulu kokholo oluqhubekayo kumaziko olwenziwe nguLulwesihlanu. Xa ulawulo lwaselubuyiselwe kumashumi amabini amabini eeshumi, phantsi kwe-Ademicrea, uxando oluphambili, phantsi kwe-CHOV.

Impembelelo YeBreexit

I-Brexit isenokuba yeyona nto inzima kwisivumelwano esilungileyo soLwesihlanu ukususela ekusungulweni kwayo. Ukuhamba kwe-UK kuMntla Yurophu kwasusa i-Ireland kwi-makethe nezithethe ze-EU kwingingqi enye, idala umda onzima kwisiqithi sase-Ireland-(enyanisweni oko isivumelwano esazama ukukuphepha. Isivumelwano se-Northern Ireland (ngoku i-Dermoractal) sabeka umda wezithethe kulwandle lwase-Irish, sadala ulungelelwaniso olunomthetho phakathi kwe-Ireland ne-EU. Esi sisombululo savuyisa abathathi-zwe kodwa sacaphukisa abathameli besizwe, abavakalelwa kukuba siphazamisa indawo yase-Northern Ireland e-UK. I-Didemocratic Union (DUP) yarhoxa i-202222, i-Allse-2022, i-20 ye-20 ye-Evinethis, i-ethesbas, i-evalba i-ethe provision.

Izahlulo Eziqhubekayo Zehlelo Nomsebenzi Womkhosi

Ngeli xesha ugonyamelo olusikali luphelileyo, amahlelo awazange aphele. Kumntla Ireland ahlala echaphazeleke kakhulu kwimida yonqulo nezobupolitika. Ngaphezu kwama-90% abantwana bafunda iinguqu zamaKatolika okanye urhulumente (ngokuyintloko), kwaye iindawo ezininzi zokuhlala zisahlulwe luxolo. Amaqela emikhosi athenjiwe azizizizi-mashishini abandakanyekileyo ekurhwebiseni ngeziyobisi, ukurhweba, ukurhwebisa ngompuza, kunye nogonyamelo. Ii-Riphabliki eziseluphazamisi-mpu ziyaqhubeka zisenza ingxube-ntla-ntla, kwaye amajoni anyanisekileyo ayaqhubeka ephembelela abantu bawo. BBC] yabika ku-2023] ukuba uhlaselo lomkhosi lwezimbo olushushu, ukudubula, kunye nokudubula okuqhubekayo, ingakumbi kula maqela asebenza.

Ilifa Leengxaki Nokungagwetywanga Kobulungisa

Enye yeenkalo ezithe zagxekwa kakhulu zesivumelwano kukuphatha kwayo ilifa leMikhosi yeBritane. Isivumelwano saseka iKhomishini yamaLungelo aBantu baseMntla Ireland kunye neKhomishini yokuLungisa abantu, kodwa sashiya imibuzo emininzi ngenyaniso, okusesikweni, nokuphendula ngokungabi nampendulo. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iintsapho zamaxhoba ziye zazama ukuphengulula ukubulalana kwe-British Army, amaqela e-IRA, kunye namaLungu anyanisekileyo. Urhulumente we-UK wasungula uMthetho we-Leara (iNyakatho Ireland Tsuntsko ne-Constanty) zaphawula ukuba lo mthetho ulu Mthetho ulungiso luye lwaseluwa phantsi kakhulu ngesivumelwano soLwesihlanu sobuLuntuthulo noMgaqo-mthetho olungileyo. Umthetho oye wanconywa ngokubanziswa yi-Rhendrenter. Urhulumente washiya ityala elinzulu lokulungisa inyaniso. [FUFUFU.0:]

Ukungalingani Kwentlalo Neemeko Zezoqoqosho

Phezu kwako nje ukwanda kwezoqoqosho, iingenelo zoxolo azizange zabelwe ngokulinganayo. Amaqondo okukhutshwa kwemiqathango ecandelo laseBelfast neleDerry ahlala phakathi kweyona iphezulu e-UK. Amaqela asebenzayo atsala ubunzima bogonyamelo ngoku ajongene nokungasebenzi, izindlu ezingezizo, kunye namathuba alinganiselweyo. Ukujolise phambili kwe-Prefrever Frive Reconvement kwimittence kushiye indawo encinane yokulungisa intlalo kunye nokungalingani kwezoqoqosho. Ngelinye ixesha inyathelo elifana neFrest Start Colution (2015) ezama ukulwa nokungabikho kwentsebenziswano yentlalo, abagxeki bephikisa ukuba isivumelwano ngokwaso asizange sakheke ngokwaneleyo, uluntu oluchumileyo. Ukungabi namathuba okuneyo kwemfundo yemfundo kunye nentlawulo lwezentlalo, ukwenza kube nzima ukwabelana kwezantlukwano zemali, oko kukwenza kube nokulwahlulwano olusabela kwixesha elizayo.

Ukukhangela Phambili: Ikamva Lenkqubo Yoxolo

Ukwakhiwa Kwakhona Kwezimilo Zezobupolitika Kumazwe Atshintshileyo

Ukuwa okuphindaphindiweyo koMgaqo-siseko we-Ireland olawulayo ugxininisa ukuthothoza kwemodeli yamandla njengoko yayiyilwe ekuqaleni. Ukuxhasa inkqubo yoxolo, iinkokeli zezobupolitika kunye noorhulumente base-British kunye naboMdalensi kufuneka bathethe ngezizathu ezingundoqo zokungaguquguquki. Utshintsho kwiNguqulo ye-Accement commental memon (ovumela iqela ukuba lithintele umthetho owenziwe ngomlinganiselo wama-30) nendlela abaPhathiswayo abalawuli abanobuchule bokusebenza) nendlela abanokunceda ngayo ekuthinteleni iingxaki zexesha elizayo. Noko ke, ucelomngeni olungundoqo lusahlala: indlela yokugcina urhulumente osebenza kakuhle xa amaqela amakhulu enokuba neemeko ezinzulu zembono ezinzulu zentembeko, iNew Deminube, ihlaselwe ngo-2020, kodwa i-Br edink luya kudinga ukuhla nentozo zonke iimbono ze-R.

Ukulawula Ifa LeBreexit Nemithetho Yokuziphatha

IBrexit iza kuqhubeka ivavanya ukwakhiwa kwesivumelwano. I-Frames, evumelani phakathi kwe-UK ne-EU ngo-2023, ifuna ukugudisa imicimbi esebenzisekayo efana nokuthunyelwa kokudla kunye nokuthunyelwa kwepasile, kodwa ayikhange isombulule uxinzelelo olusisiseko lomgaqo-siseko. i-Unionts ahlala enganelisekanga kakhulu ngala malungiselelo, ngoxa ulwakhiwo lwesizwe luyijonga njengendlela efunekayo yokukhusela uqoqosholo lwelizwe kunye nomanyano lwePhondo oluhle lweNtshona Koloni lweNtshona Koloni lwendawo eMntla-South kunye norhwebo. Urhulumente wase-Northern Ireland uzimisele ukukhusela indawo ye-UK kushishino, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo sobume kuntsonke. Ukuzinziswa kwexesha elide kungaxhomeke kulwalamano olubanzi lwe-UKne. I-Labour Reast Com, okanye urhwebo, i-Eculder, i-Eculculder, i-moul, i-moulk, i-enzation, i-enzame.

Ukuthetha nokuxhaphaza nokhuseleko loluntu

Imigudu yokuqhuba umsebenzi womkhosi kufuneka yenze okungaphaya komsebenzi wobupolisa kwaye iquka utyalo-mali kunye nokudityaniswa kwebutho labantu. I-Comburgent Crime Task kunye noMkhosi we-Paraod Crime Task ungene ngandlel, kodwa imikhosi yomkhosi ihlala iqatsele kwimimandla esebenza. Iinkqubo ezifana neTackling Paramilitars, ukwakha iZiko lezeMpi, ukusungulwa kooGawulayo, ukundululwa ngo-2016, ukujolise ukucheba abantu abaselula kude nempembelelo yemikhosi yomkhosi nokunika ezinye iindlela ezichaseneyo. Noko ke, inkxaso yemali iye yatshintsha, kwaye iziphumo zayo zinzima ukulinganiswa. Ubuchule obude bexesha buzakufuna ukuveliswa kwemali emfundo, umsebenzi, iinkonzo zempilo ze-Resilint, ezisungulweyo ezikhoyo kwimimandla emininzi esweleyo. Ngaphandle kwemiqatha yezo mithetho, imikhosi iza kuqhubeka isebenzisa ingeniso esekhohlo yezo zingasebenzi yezo zikarhulumente.

Ukukhuthaza Umanyano Noxolelwano Loluntu

Isivumelwano seGood Wear Adventine sisesakhelo sesizukulwana. Isivumelwano se-Good Wear Agreement sisekwe ngo-2023, kodwa asizange sigunyazise ukudityaniswa kwemfundo okanye izindlu. Icandelo lokuzithandela kunye namabhunga asekuhlaleni aye aqhuba amanyathelo amaninzi okunqumla i-community, kodwa inkqubela iyacotha. ISibini: Ukwakha icebo loMbutho oManyeneyo, eliqaliswe ngo-2023.Injongo yokususa zonke iindonga zoxolo ngo-2023.Ixhoba elingazange lihlangatyelwe. Ukufikelela kwendlela elungeleleneyo kuyafuneka, kuquka izisusa isikolo esabelanayo, amafamasimu endlu, kunye nezithuba zikawonke. Inkqubo ye-EURCOPLUS (2011,2012,202,22) ibonelela iprojectives , intraywodwa yemeko yezolawulo lwezopolitiki. Kodwa ke

Ukubuyisa Ilifa Leengxaki

Ilifa elingalungiswanga leMixokelelwano liyaqhubeka kulwalamano loluntu olunetyhefu. Ukusondela kweGood Wear Agreement (ukuza kuqwalasela ikamva kunokuba kuchazwe kwangaphambili) kwakuqondakala ngelo xesha kodwa kuye kwashiya iintsapho ezininzi zingavalwa. I-UK kaRhulumente Leaveracy Act, ecebisa ukuba kumiselwe imiqathango kunye neKhomishoni entsha ezimeleyo yokuLungisa uLungisa uLungisa noHlaziyo lolwazi, iye yagxekwa ngokubanziswa kakhulu ngurhulumente wase-Ireland, amaqela amalungelo abantu, kunye neBhunga laseYurophu. Abaninzi baphikisa ukuba ingquzulane neConvention onmentation onmentations nes Revince Reconfusion. Indlela ethembekileyo yokuzimela ibandakanya uphando oluzinzileyo, ilungiselela iindlela zokuphucula iinjongo ezifanelekileyo zonyango, nokuqinisekisa ukuba amaxhoba angaphicothanga nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi na inkqubo. Ikhomputhaniso entsha imele iphumele ngokwayo kwaye ive iziphumo eziphuma kuyo.

Isiphelo: Umsebenzi Kwinkqubela

Isivumelwano esilungileyo soLwesihlanu sihlala singenye yezona zivumelwano zoxolo eziphawulekayo kwimbali yanamhlanje. Siye saphelisa imfazwe ekhohlakeleyo, sadala iinkqubo zezobupolitika ezisebenzayo, saza sabeka isiseko sokulungisa uqoqosho kunye nentsebenziswano enqamlezayo. Ngokuninzi, i-Northern Ireland namhlanje ikhuselekile kwaye ichumile kunendawo eyasayina isivumelwano soxolo ngo-1998. Kodwa eso sivumelwano asizange sibe yindawo yokugqibela; sasiyisiseko sokulawula ukungavisisani nokwakha ikamva elahlukeneyo. Kwiminyaka emibini edluleyo, iingxaki zezobupolitika, iBrethinkit, ubusoshiyashiqela, kunye neembalo ezingalungiswangalungiswanga. Ukuwa kweNdibano, ukungaphumeleli kwentetho yobuntlalo-ntle, nokungahlangani kwakhona kobugqeshorenti-siseko sobubonisa ukuba inkqubo yoxolo iyaphela.

Ukuxhasa impumelelo nokulungisa iimpazamo, onke amaBritane kunye nama-Irish, urhulumente waseMntla Ireland (xa esebenza), kunye neenkokeli zoluntu ."kufuneka ziphinde zifake imigaqo engundoqo yesivumelwano: imvume, amandla okuqhuba, amalungelo abantu, kunye nokulingana. Oku kuthetha ukuphelisa ingxinano yezobupolitika, ukufumana ilungiselelo elisebenzayo lexesha elide lemithetho yokuziphatha, ukuqokelela imicimbi yentlalo nezoqoqosho, kwaye ekugqibeleni kuqhubana ngokunyanisekileyo nelifa leengxaki. I-Goond Wesihlanu asiloxwebhu oluphilayo olufuna umgudu oqhubekayo nokulungiswa. Amashumi amabini eminyaka alandelayo aya kugqiba enoba iya kuba sisiseko soxolo oluhlala luhleli okanye isilumkiso esingeso kodwa lungaze lufumanekelele ngokupheleleyo.