Isiseko Solawulo Lomelo

Ingxelo kawonke-wonke ingumsebenzi wobomi bawo nawuphi na ulawulo-mthetho olusebenzayo. Iguqula inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ukusuka kwindlela ephezulu ukuya ezantsi ibe yingxoxo encedisanayo phakathi kwamagosa anyuliweyo nabantu abawasebenzisayo. Xa abemi beneembono ezinxulumeneyo kwimithetho eceliweyo, ukwabiwa koqingqo-mali, okanye imigaqo yezomthetho, banika abenzi bomthetho abanogcino-lwazi olubalulekileyo lokuba akukho luvo okanye uhlalutyo olunobuchule bokuyibamba ngokupheleleyo: amava aphilayo. Le nkcazelo iqinisekisa ukuba umthetho ubonakalisa iimfuno zeli hlabathi lokwenene kunokuzimiselo lwezobupolitika ezingaqondakaliyo. Ngaphandle kwemigaqo yolwazi oluluvo oluluvo oluluvo, ibeka engozini yokungaqhawulwa kolawulo loluntu abalawulayo, ukuphelisa ukuthembeka nokuthotyelwa kwemisholo lwedemo-demokhrasi.

Ukubaluleka kolu qhagamshelwano akunakuchazwa ngokugqithileyo. Ngokophando oluvela kulawulo lwamanani CD ekudibaniseni kukarhulumente wamanani , oorhulumente abaququzelela ulawulo lukawonke wonke babona amaqondo aphezulu okuthotyelwa kwemigaqo kunye nolwaneliseko lwabemi. Xa abantu bevile, banokufumana amathuba amaninzi okwamkela iinjongo ezinzima zorhwebo kunye nokuxhasa iinjongo zenkqubo zexesha elide. Ngokuphikisana noko, ukungahoyi ukuvunywa kwengxelo kawonke-wonke kungakhokelela ekuxhaseni, ekudibaniseni, ekudibaniseni, nasekungalawuleni, kwanenjala ibutho. Inkqubo ye-wigcontrotion ayiyo inkqubo eqhubekayo yendlela enye; iyaqhubekeka phakathi kwegunya nokuphendula.

Ubuchule Bokondla Abantu Ngezinto Ezithile

Inkcazelo kawonke-wonke ifumaneka ngothotho lwemijelo eyahlukeneyo, nganye ineempawu ezinamandla nezibuthathaka. Abenzi bomthetho abaxhomekeke kwindlela enye babeka ubomi babo esichengeni sokuva nje iceba elimxinwa lesixhobo sokukhetha. Indlela ebanzi yokudibanisa izixhobo zesithethe nezezi mini ukuthatha uludwe lwamazwi apheleleyo.

IiHolo Zasedolophini Neendlebe Zasekuhlaleni

Intlanganiso yeholo yedolophu ihlala ingundoqo wedemokhrasi engqalileyo. Ezi ziganeko zibangela ukuba abemi bakwazi ukuma phambi kwabameli babo baze banikele ubungqina bobuqu. Ubunzima bemeko yendlela yokuchaza indlela ishefu yendlu ecetyisiweyo eya kuyichaphazela ngayo intsapho yabo iyakwazi ukuguqula isimo somthetho ngendlela engenakufikeleleka ngayo. Noko ke, iiholo zedolophu zihlala phantsi kwenani eliphantsi, zisoloko zitsala kuphela abantu abanobugxwayiphene okanye abanobugqhinga. Zikwayila imiqobo kubazali abasebenzayo, abantu abaneziphene, nabo bangenazo izithutho ezithembekileyo. Ukuthetha ngale nto, eminye imimandla ngoku inikela iiprojekthi eziquka iindlela zokuzingela abakhoyo.

Ulawulo Olubhaliweyo Nexesha Lokugqabaza

Amaqumrhu amaninzi owiso-mthetho anika amaxesha okuphendula okusesikweni apho abemi nemibutho inganikezela ingxelo ebhaliweyo kumatyala ajikelezayo. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kuhlalutyo lobugcisa olunenkcukacha-omzekelo, ingcaphephe yerhafu inganikezela ngephepha eliyi 50 lomlinganiselo wengeniso yemali entsha. Ngoko ke, umthamo omkhulu wokuthobela ungasonga abasebenzi. Umkhosi we-U.S. Register, umzekelo, ufumana izigidi zamagqabaza minyaka yonke kwimimiselo emikhulu. Abenzi bezomthetho kufuneka bavelise iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo zokudibanisa nokulinganisa ezi zinto zengeniso ezintsha zemali ngaphandle kokuvumela ezona ziphantsi kolawulo lwelizwi elikhulu.

Ubugcisa bamanani kunye nezoshishino zentlalo

I-Internet iqhube umgangatho wemigangatho wecawa ngendlela engathethekiyo. Abaququzeleli bemithetho ngoku bafumana ingxelo yexesha lokwenene kwiqonga loluntu olufana ne-Twitter, Facebook, kunye ne-Instagram. I-Hashtags zingaququzelela iimvakalelo zikawonke-wonke kwimibandela ethile, kwaye ii-groups zinganyanzela abenzi bomthetho ukuba bathethe ngemibandela abangayiphephayo. Noko ke, iziphumo zemiba yezobugcisa zichaneke kakhulu kwintshumayelo enkulu ye-Twiption. Ngoko abaququluni be-data ye-intanethi.

Uhlolisiso Nendawo Yolawulo Lwabemi

Uphando olungokwengqokelela yengqokelela lunika umlinganiselo olinganayo nomlinganiselo olinganayo nowendawo ephakamileyo ekwiziteji zikawonke-wonke. Uphando olungakhethiyo lwe-fax-mnt lungabonisa oko [[FLT: 0]] ummi wakhona acinga khona, hayi nje ezona zithethwayo. Abanye oorhulumente baye benza inyathelo elingaphaya ngokudibanisa amaqela amaqela akhethiweyo e-Oficity akwimiba eninzi ngesiquphene. [FLT]] . Imodeli yeNdibano [, e-e-e-ethenjiweyo], abakhenke eBritish kwiinformationorea, baye baveliswa ngokubanziswa emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yemicimbiso yokuqholo ukuya kwinkqubo yemozulu. La maqela avelisa imigaqo-enza imigaqo-yo.

Indlela yokulungisa ukubuyiselwa komqathango: Imizekelo edityanisiweyo

Intsingiselo eqikelelwayo yenkcazelo kawonke - wonke iboniswa kakuhle ngokuhlolisisa iimeko ezithile apho ummi walapho aguqula ngokuthe ngqo indlela yomthetho.

Utshintsho Nesenzo Sokunyamekela Impilo

Ngexesha lokuyila uMthetho weAffordal Care Act (ACA) ngo-2009-2010, amawaka amaMelika abelana ngamabali obuqu okungavunyelwayo ngenxa yeemeko ezingaphambili. Ezi ngxelo zanceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umthetho wokugqibela wawuquka ukwalela okunjalo. Ingxelo kawonke-wonke yaphembelela ukufakwa kweemfuno zothintelo kunye nolwando lweMedicaid, nangona kamva yenziwa ngokungakhethi yiNkundla Ephakamileyo. Ngaphandle kokuphinda kubekwe amabali angokweemvakalelo, iAKA ibinokuba licandelo elibuthathaka kakhulu lomthetho.

Ukulawula Imipu Emva Kokudubula

Emva kokudubula ngo-2018 eMarjory Stoneman Douglas High School e-Parkland, eFlorida, abafundi basungula iphulo elikhulu lokuphendula uwonke-wonke. Balungiselela ukuhambela phambili, banikela ubungqina phambi kwezindlu zowiso-mthetho zesizwe, kunye nezixhobo zentlalo-ntle zezonxibelelwano ezifuna imithetho engqongqo yemipu. Imigudu yabo yaba negalelo ekudluleni kweMarjory Stoneman High Safety School Act e-Frectical Act eFlorida, eyanyusa umlinganiselo oncinci weminyaka yokuthenga imipu ukuya kwi-21 kwaye yabeka ixesha elizintsuku ezintathu lokulinda. Ngexesha lomthetho wesizwe wawungafumaneki lula, umgangatho karhulumente wabonakalisa amandla okulungelelaniswa, ukungeniswa okuqhubekayo.

Okusesikweni kokusingqongileyo nelizwi loluntu

Kwingxaki yamanzi eFlint, yayingezongxelo zenzululwazi kodwa izikhalazo ezizingisileyo zabemi ezathi ekugqibeleni zanyanzelisa ukusetyenziswa korhulumente. Kangangeenyanga, abemi babika ukurhoxiswa kwamanzi amibalabala kunye neempawu zempilo, kodwa kwaza kwabelwa ukutyeshelwa ngamagosa. Ingxaki yaba lihlazo lesizwe kuphela emva kokuba iintatheli zinyuse intelekelelo yoluntu. Le ntlekele yakhokelela ekuguquleni indlela imimiselo yemekobume ebandakanya ngayo igalelo loluntu, kuquka ukusekwa kwe-EPA’S Office of Environmental Justice [. Ibonisa ukuba i-sohlwayo asiyo nje kuphela isimilo kodwa ingumkhuseli ekuthinteleni igosa.

Izithintelo Zokuba Nenxaxheba Ngokunentsingiselo

Nangona kubalulekile, ukuphendula kukawonke-wonke akusosipili esigqibeleleyo esibonisa uluvo lukawonke-wonke.

Ukwahlula Amanani

Izixhobo zokunika ingxelo kwikhompyutha zikhupha abemi abangakhange bafumaneke kwi-intanethi. NgokweZiko lophando lwePew, malunga nesixhenxe% yabantu abadala baseMelika abasebenzisi i-intanethi, kwaye eli nani liphezulu ngokungenakulinganiswa phakathi kwabemi basemaphandleni, abakhulileyo, nabafumana imali encinane. Ukuba imigaqo-siseko yowiso-mthetho ixhomekeke kuphela kumaqonga amanani, icwangcisa abo sele bejongene nolwahlulo. Iinkqubo zokuphendula ezisebenzayo maziquke iindlela zokukhetha ngaphandle konxibelelwano ezifana neefomu zokuphendula ezisekelwe kwiposi kunye neentlanganiso zokuphulaphula abantu.

Izithintelo zikavimba

Amaqumrhu ewiso-mthetho amancinane . njengalawo akwindawo yombuso okanye kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni . Ngokufuthi aswele abasebenzi ukulungiselela imiqulu emikhulu yengxelo. Ibhunga lesixeko elicinga utshintsho oludibanisayo lingafumana amakhulu ee-imeyili kodwa alinamqwalaseli ozinikeleyo wokuwahlula. Oku kungakhokelela ekugqibeni ukudinwa: endaweni yokuvavanya ngenyameko yonke imbono, amagosa atsalele kwelona galelo libalulekileyo okanye elinobundlobongela. Utshintsho kubugcisa bezentengiso, njengezixhobo zokulungisa ulwimi lwendalo, lunganceda, kodwa asiyo igalelo.

Ukutya nokubulala izilwanyana ezixhotyiswe ngemitshini

Amaqela anomdla okhethekileyo asoloko evelisa amaphulo omgunyathi oonochuku-zingca-bhedu .abizwa ngokuba “yi-astroturfing”" ukuze enze inkohliso yokuxhasa uwonke-wonke. Uphengululo lwama-2020 ngu- i-Guardian[ yavumbulula umgudu olungelelanisiweyo apho inkampani enye engenisa amashumi amawaka amagqabaza afanayo kwiKhomishoni yeNkqumlo yoThutho lweNxibelelwano ngaphantsi kwamagama ahlukeneyo. Iindlela ezinjalo zonakalisa inkqubo yenkxaso kunye nabenzi bemithetho ukuchitha uvavanyo lobunyani kunokuvavanyanisa imveliso.

Iigumbi Zokucola Intloko Nokuchwetheza

Ii-algorithm zezentlalo-ntle zonxibelelwano zidla ngokubonisa abasebenzisi bazo izinto eziqinisa iinkolelo zabo ezikhoyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kubekho ingxelo esusiweyo. Abameli abaxhomekeke kwiTwitter okanye kwiFacebook banokuva kuphela amalizwi agqithisileyo avela kwisiseko seqela labo, ngeli xesha iimbono eziphakathi okanye ezizimeleyo zingachazwa. Oku kunokunyanzela abenzi bomthetho ukuba babambelele kwiingcamango ezingqongqo kwaye baphephe ukulalanisa okuzuzwa ekulawuleni okuhle.

Ukulinganisa impembelelo yokwenene yegalelo likawonke-wonke

Uhlolo lwe-2021 oluye lwabonisa ukuba zininzi kangakanani iziphumo zotshintsho lokwenene zomthetho oludume ngokudume kakhulu. Abenzi bomthetho bangakhankanya uluvo lukawonke-wonke lokuthethelela izigqibo ebebezingenza ngako oko, okanye bangalichasa igalelo elichaseneyo njengelingamelanga. Uhlolisiso lowe-2021 olwenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseChicago luhlole amatyala ali-1200 karhulumente lufumanise ukuba amatyala asungulwe emva kwamaxesha abalulekileyo okugqabaza u-owonke ayema-34% anokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba alungiswe amatyala ahamba ngaphandle kwegalelo likawonke-wonke. Noko ke, uphando alunakufumanisa ukuba oko kuphendukutshintshwa koluvo lubonisa ngokwenene iimvakalelo zikawonke okanye ukusetyenziswa nje kwezobupolitika.

Enye indlela ethembisayo kukusebenzisa “uphicotho-zincwadi oluncinane,” apho abahlalutyi abazimeleyo bathelekisa umthetho wokugqibela ngokuchasene nengxelo yamagqabaza kawonke-wonke. Umzekelo, emva kokuba i-European Union yamkela i-General Data Protection Regration (GDPR), abaphandi bahlolisisa indlela abalawuli bommi abaphembelela ngayo umbhalo wokugqibela. Bafumanise ukuba nangona isiseko somzinzi sobume sabunjwa ngabaquququzeleli beenkampani, amalungiselelo aliqela eliqela le-pro-prossumumer process short object /hdrorvery intelligementmental. Olo xuluvo lungalu zincwadi lungakuphembele abenzi bomthetho kwaye luziphendumcingela ngokungqinelana nabo.

Indlela Efanelekileyo Yokwenziwa Kwabenzi Bomthetho

Ukuze baphucule ukubaluleka kwengxelo kawonke wonke ngoxa bezama ukuphelisa iingxaki zayo, abalawuli nabasebenzi babo banokumisela ezona zinto zibalulekileyo.

Iziqhagamshelanisi Zokunyibilikisa

Akukho mjelo mnye ubamba wonke umntu. Inkqubo eyomeleleyo idibanisa ukuchotshelwa kwezasekuhlaleni, uhlolo lwe-intanethi, ukuphulaphula i-intanethi, amagqabaza akhutshwe ngeeposi, kunye nokuphuma kweziganeko zokufikelela kwingingqi ezingaphantsi kwenkonzo. Ezinye izikhululo zendlu yowiso-mthetho zisungule “ii-ofisi ezibophelela umanyano” ezilungelelanisa le migudu kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba ingxelo iphunyezwe, iqulunqe, kwaye ishwankathe abenzi besigqibo.

Sebenzisa ubuxhakaxhaka ukulinganisa ubukhulu

Ubuchule bokwenza kunye nezixhobo zokufunda ngomatshini zinganceda ucalulo lwemiqulu emikhulu yamagqabaza ngesihloko, iimvakalelo, kunye nemvelaphi yendawo. Umzekelo, i House of Commons isebenzisa isixhobo se-Al esibizwa ngokuba yi e-Comment ukunceda iimpendulo ezicwangcisiweyo. Noko ke, ezi zixhobo kufuneka zibenemibala ecacileyo kwaye zibhaliswe ukuphepha ubungcathuzeli bemithetho. Abenzi bomthetho kufuneka bapapashe ukushwa koluvo lwamagqabaza nobunzima obuni benziweyo.

Vala i i Potice kunye ne Constituaents

Enye yezikhalazo eziqhelekileyo ngokunika ingxelo yemvakalelo yokuba inyamalala kumngxuma omnyama. Abenzi bomthetho kufuneka bamisele iindlela ezinika ingxelo ezazisa abemi indlela esetyenziswa ngayo (okanye isizathu sokuba ingasetyenziswanga. Kwane email elula ethi “amagqabaza akho kwimali yamandla avuselelweyo aphawulwe; anegalelo ekuquletheni kwetyala lerhafu yelanga” angakha ukuthemba nokukhuthaza inxaxheba kwixesha elizayo. Oku“ kuchaza irhintyela” kungumkhondo wokulawula.

Fundisa Abantu Ngenkqubo

Abemi abaninzi abakwazi ukunikela ingxelo esebenzayo. Banganikezela ii-partets ezingokweemvakalelo kunokuba baqiqe, okanye basenokuqwalasela iinkcukacha ezingancediyo. Imithetho ingapapasha imigaqo ngendlela yokubhala ubungqina obuyekelelayo. Umzekelo, ikhuthaza abantu ukuba bakhankanye amacandelo athile emali, banike ugcino-lwazi okanye amabali obuqu, kwaye bacebise ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo. Iwebsite yePalamente yaseNew Zealand iquka isikhokelo se-“ Bele Speding” esichaza ixesha lomthetho-mthetho kunye nendlela okucophelela kuyo.

Imilinganiselo ecacileyo yokufunxa uwonke wonke

Ukuqokelelwa nokusetyenziswa kwengxelo kawonke wonke kuphakamisa imibuzo engokokuziphatha engenakuhoywa ngabamisi-mthetho. Imfihlo iphambili: abemi basenokuthanda ukwabelana ngeembono ezichukumis' ukuba bayakoyika ukuba baya kuboniswa ngokubanzi okanye baya kusetyenziswa ngokuchasene nabo. Amanye amagunya avumela ukuthotyelwa okungaziwayo, kodwa oku kuvula ucango lokuxhatshazwa. Ukulungelelanisa okufanelekileyo kufuna imigaqo ecacileyo ekuphatheni ulwazi nokubonakala gca ngendlela amagqabaza aza kusetyenziswa ngayo.

Enye inkxalabo engokokuziphatha bubungozi bokudinwa.” Xa abemi becelwa ukuba banikeze ingxelo kuyo nayiphi na inguquko encinane yomthetho, banokuba ngabagxeki okanye bayeke ukuba nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo. Abenzi bomthetho kufuneka bamisele iingxubusho kwimibandela echaphazela ubomi babantu ngokwenene baze baphephe imithambo engenanto eyenzelwe ukwanelisa iimfuno zesithethe. Ukuganana ngokunyanisekileyo, hayi ubuninzi, kusemgangathweni wedemokhrasi.

Isiphelo: Ikamva Lokutyiwa Komthetho

Impendulo kawonke-wonke iya kukhula ngokuntsonkotha kakhulu njengoko ubugcisa butshintsha, ukutshintsha kwamanani abantu kutshintsha uvotelo, kwaye isantya somthetho sikhawulezile. Ubuchule bokwenza izinto bungenza uhlalutyo lwexesha lokwenene lwezigidi zamagqabaza, lo gama ukuqinisekisa okusekelwe kwibloko kusenokunciphisa ukuxinana kwemiqathango. Kodwa umgaqo ongundoqo uhlala ungatshintshanga: imithetho eyenziwe ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa ngabalawuli ayihambisanga semthethweni. Abenzi bomthetho abafak ’ iintlawulo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifikelelekayo, kunye neenkqubo zokuphendula ezisabelayo abaziphumeleli nje kuphela kodwa zingenza umthetho ongcono kodwa ziqinise umanyano lwedemokhrasi olukhuthaza igunya labo. Ucelomngeni asiko nje ukuqokelela intekiso kodwa ukuphulaphula.

Ukufunda ngokubhekele phaya ngezenzo ezingcono ekugananeni kwawonke wonke, i-International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Uncedo lunika izikhokelo ezibanzi. Njengabemi, kufuneka sifune ukuphendula nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifumanekayo kuthi `isixhobo sokusebenza serobho yodolo-mvume okanye ibhodi ye-keyboard/ukubumba imithetho elawula ubomi bethu.