Ukuqonda Inkqubo Elindelekileyo: Ukhuseleko Olusisiseko Olusemthethweni

Inkqubo isebenza njengenye yeyona migaqo ibalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yomthetho. Kwinkqubo yayo engundoqo, iqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kwinkqubo yokugweba kwaye ukhusela abantu kwizenzo zoburhulumente obuzimeleyo. Lo mgaqo usebenza njengesikhuselo ekukhanyeni okungekho sikweni kobomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla. Ukuqonda imicimbi efunekayo kuye wonke umntu, kungekhona amagqwetha nabagwebi kuphela, kuba kuchaphazela indlela esiqhubana ngayo namaziko karhulumente, indlela esiphathwa ngayo kwizikolo nasemsebenzini, nendlela esikhuselwa ngayo kwimiqathango yabasemagunyeni.

Ingcamango yenkqubo efanelekileyo yenza umiselo olulungelelanisa amandla esizwe namalungelo abantu. Ngaphandle kwenkqubo efanelekileyo, oorhulumente bangabamba abemi ngaphandle kwesizathu, bathabathe impahla ngaphandle kwembuyiselo, baze bafake isohlwayo ngaphandle kokuchongwa ngokufanelekileyo. Lo mgaqo uqinisekisa ukuba phambi kokuba urhulumente athabathe into yakho ekwi̬ ukuba inkululeko yakho, impahla yakho, okanye amalungelo akho ̬ kufuneka ilandele imithetho emiselweyo ize ikunike ithuba elibalulekileyo lokuviwa.

Imvelaphi Yembali Yenkqubo Efanele Ilandelwe

Imvelaphi yenkqubo efunekayo ifikelela emva malunga neminyaka eliwaka. Eyona ndlela idumileyo yokubonakalisa lo mgaqo ivela kwiMagna Carta ka1215, eyatyotywa nguKumkani uJohn waseNgilani phantsi kwengcinezelo evela kwimibhobho yemvukelo. Isahluko 39 seMagna Carta sachaza ukuba akukho mntu okhululekileyo onokuthi afakwe entolongweni, agxothwe, avunyelwe, okanye agxothwe "ngaphandle komgwebo osemthethweni woontanga bakhe okanye umthetho welizwe." Olu lwimi lwaseka ingcamango esisiseko yokuba ukumkani akanakusebenza ngokungekho mthethweni nabalawulwa bakhe.

Ibinzana elithi "ukuya phambili kwinkqubo yomthetho" lavela okokuqala kumthetho wamaNgesi wama- 1354 ngexesha lolawulo lukaKumkani uEdward III, owavakalisa ukuba akukho mntu ofanele uku "khutshwa" kwimpahla okanye amalungelo abo ngaphandle kokuba "aziswe kwinkqubo efanelekileyo yomthetho." Olu lwimi lwanxulumanisa ngqo ingcamango yokusesikweni kwiinkqubo zomthetho oorhulumente abamele bazilandele.

AmaNgesi athe azisa ezi zithethe zomthetho eMelika, kwaye inkqubo efunekayo yafakwa kumthetho wokuqala waseMerika. IsiHlaliso sesihlanu kuMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States, esamkelwa ngo-1791, sichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba akukho mntu uya "kunikwa ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla, ngaphandle kwenkqubo efunekayo yomthetho." Emva kweMfazwe Yoluntu, uMphetho-Mgaqo-jikelo weshumi elinesine wandisa olu khuselo olufanayo kwizenzo zoorhulumente, ufuna ukuba nawuphi na urhulumente anikele inkqubo efanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ahluthe nabani na ophilayo, inkululeko, okanye impahla.

La malungiselelo omgaqo-siseko adala inkqubo yokukhusela ephindiweyo. UHlaziyo lweNhlanu lusebenza kurhulumente wesizwe, lo gama uMphetho weshumi elinesine usebenza kurhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Bobabini, baqinisekisa ukuba onke amaqondo karhulumente eUnited States kufuneka awahlonele amalungelo afanelekileyo enkqubo. Ukufundwa okunegunya kwiziseko zomgaqo-siseko, iChonsitition Anotition ukusuka kwiLibrary of Congress inika uhlalutyo olubanzi lweMgangatho weSigqibo sesihlanu wenkqubo ka-Classione.

Iintlobo Ezimbini Ezingundoqo Zenkqubo Elindelekileyo

Inkqubo elindelekileyo asiyongcamango enye kodwa iquka iindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: inkqubo yokubonakalisa intsingiselo efunekayo kunye nenkqubo encinci efunekayo. Nganye isebenza umsebenzi owahlukileyo ekukhuseleni amalungelo omntu ngamnye, kwaye ukuqonda umahluko kungundoqo wokuqonda indlela inkqubo efunekayo esebenza ngayo.

Inkqubo eQhelekileyo

Inkqubo yenkqubo efunekayo yenkqubo igxininisa kwiindlela kunye neenkqubo urhulumente amele azilandele xa ethatha inyathelo lomntu. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo efunekayo lubuza umbuzo olulula: Ingaba urhulumente walandela iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo phambi kokuba ahluthe umntu ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla? Iinkqubo ezifunekayo ziyahluka-hluka kuxhomekeka kwimeko, kodwa iziqalelo ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • Inqaku lokhuseleko: Umntu kufuneka afumane isaziso esicacileyo nesifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo setyala, izityholo, okanye izenzo ezicetyiweyo ezichasene nazo. Awunako ukuzikhusela kwinto ongaziyo ngayo.
  • Ithuba lokuviwa: Phambi kokuba urhulumente enze isigqibo sokugqibela, kufuneka ube nethuba elinentsingiselo lokunikela icala lakho. Oku kubandakanya ukuva okanye ukuvavanywa.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ilungelo lokunika ubungqina: Kufuneka uvunyelwe uzise ubungqina obuphambili kwaye ubize amangqina axhasa indawo yakho.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ilungelo lokujongana nobungqina obujongiweyo: Kufuneka ube nobuchule bokuvavanya nokuvavanya ubungqina obunikelwe kuwe.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umenzi wesigqibo ongenamkhethe: Umntu okanye indawo yolawulo eyenza isigqibo ayinakuba nomthi wobuqu kwisiphumo okanye ikhethe kuwe.
  • A Isigqibo esisekelwe kwingxelo: Isigqibo sokugqibela kufuneka sisekelwe kubungqina nengxoxo ezinikelweyo, hayi kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle okanye kwizinto ezingokwamathanda.

INkundla ePhakamileyo yenze yacaca ukuba inkqubo efunekayo ithambekile kunokuba iqine. Kwityala lephawu . Mathews v. Eldiridge (77), iNkundla iseke uvavanyo oluziziinxenye ezintathu lokulinganisela ukufumana ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo ezifunekayo: inzala yobuqu echaphazelekayo, umngcipheko wokungafunwa kwempazamo phantsi kwenkqubo zangoku, kunye nomdla karhulumente, kuquka imithwalo yolawulo. Olu mlinganiselo uthetha ukuba imigaqo efunekayo kwintlalo efuna ukuviwa ngokwentlalo iyahluka kwabo bafunekayo ekuvavanyweni kwesaphuli-mthetho.

Inkqubo elindelekileyo

Inkqubo engundoqo esisiseko ifuna indlela eyahlukileyo. Kunokubhekisa ingqalelo kwiinkqubo, ihlola oko kuqulethwe yimithetho ngokwayo. Inkqubo ephantsi kwento efunekayo ibuza enoba isenzo sikarhulumente sichasa kumalungelo asisiseko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iinkqubo zifanelekile kangakanani na. Ingcamango engundoqo kukuba amanye amalungelo abaluleke kangangokuba urhulumente akanakuwasusa konke konke, okanye anokukwenza oko kuphela ngenxa yezizathu ezinyanzelisayo.

Iinkalo ezingundoqo zenkqubo efunekayo ziquka:

  • [[NTL:0] Ukhuseleko lwamalungelo asisiseko: urhulumente akanakuphazamisana namalungelo athile asisiseko, kuquka ukuba wedwa, umtshato, ulwalamano lwentsapho, kunye nozimele mzimba, ngaphandle kokuba unobulungisa obunamandla.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukutshintsha uRhulumente weNgqungquthela: inkqubo efunekayo ibeka imida kwimida ekwisigqibo sobuqu, njengokuba ngaba ufanele utshate, indlela yokukhulisa abantwana, kunye nezigqibo eziphathelele unyango.
  • [[NTL:0] Imithetho ecacileyo ilungile kwaye ilungile: kwanokuba umthetho ugqibelele ngokwemveli, isenokuyaphula inkqubo efunekayo ukuba inyanzelisayo, iyacinezela okanye iyawachasa amalungelo asisiseko.

INkundla ePhakamileyo iye yasebenzisa inkqubo efunekayo yokukhusela amalungelo angadweliswanga ngokucacileyo kumGaqo-siseko kodwa asekelwe ngokunzulu kwimbali nesithethe saseMerika. Ezi ziquka ilungelo lokutshata, ilungelo lokugcina abantwana bakho, ilungelo lokungavumi unyango lwezamayeza, nelungelo lokwenza izigqibo ngokuthintela ukukhawula. Iprojekthi yeSikolo soMthetho saseCornell inika izishwankathelo ezineenkcukacha zemicimbi engundoqo yenkqubo ephantsi kwezamayeza kunye nempahla yabo.

Isizathu Sokuba Inkqubo Efanelekileyo Ibaluleke Kuluntu Olukhululekileyo

Inkqubo efunekayo isebenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eyenza ibe yeyona ibalulekileyo kwinkqubo esesikweni. Ngaphandle kwenkqubela efanelekileyo, umthetho uphela ube ngumthetho ongekho ngqiqweni ngabo banegunya. Iingongoma ezilandelayo zicacisa isizathu sokuba inkqubo efunekayo ibaluleke kangaka.

Kuphakamisa Umthetho

Inkqubo elindelekileyo iqinisekisa ukuba izenzo zikarhulumente zilandela imithetho emiselwe endaweni yengcinga yomntu ngamnye onegunya. Xa urhulumente kufuneka alandele iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo aze ahlonele amalungelo asisiseko, abantu banokuxela kwangaphambili indlela abaza kuphathwa ngayo baze balungelelanise ubomi babo ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kuxelwe kwangaphambili kungumo womthetho.

Ithemba Inkqubo yeeNkcukacha

Abantu basenokuvuma xa bekholelwa ukuba le nkqubo isesikweni. Kwanamalungu aphulukana nawo anokuyihlonela imiphumo xa efumana ithuba elipheleleyo lokulithetha ityala lawo aze aphathwa ngesidima. Ngaphandle kwendlela efanelekileyo, uluntu luphelelwa yintembelo yokuba inkqubo engokwasemthethweni ivelisa imiphumo elungileyo.

Ithintela Ukusetyenziswa Kakubi Kwegunya

Inkqubo efanelekileyo isebenza njengendlela yokuhlola amagunya karhulumente. Ngokufuna ingqwalasela, iindlebe, abenzi bezonyulo, nokuhlonela amalungelo asisiseko, inkqubo efanelekileyo yenza kube nzima ngamagosa ukuba ahlasele abantu ngokungafanelekanga okanye enze izinto ngeentshukumisa ezingafanelekanga. Olu khuseleko lubaluleke ngakumbi kumaqela abuthathaka nakumaqela amancinane ezobupolitika.

Iqinisekisa Ukulingana Ngaphambi KoMthetho

Kufuneka urhulumente alandele imithetho efanayo kubo bonke abantu. Umntu osisityebi nomntu olihlwempu, umntu odumileyo nongathandwayo, bonke bafumana ukhuseleko olufanayo. Oku kulingana kuyimfuneko kwingcamango yokuba akukho namnye ongaphezulu komthetho.

Ivelisa Iinzuzo Ezilunge Ngakumbi

Xa amacala omabini enikela ubungqina kunye neempikiswano, abenzi besigqibo banonikezelo kulwazi olupheleleyo. Oku kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezichanekileyo nezilungileyo. Inkqubo elindelekileyo yenza irekhodi evumela uhlolo lwencoko yababini, ukufumana iimpazamo ezinokuthi ngenye indlela zingalungisi.

Inkqubela Efanelekileyo Kubomi Bamihla Le

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho afanelekileyo kunokukunceda ukhuseleke xa uqhubana namaqumrhu karhulumente, abaqeshi, izikolo namanye amaziko.

Umsebenzi

Abasebenzi bamacandelo karhulumente banenkqubo efanelekileyo yokukhusela xa urhulumente efuna ukubadubula okanye ukubeka ingqeqesho enzulu. Ngaphambi kokuba kutshatyalaliswe, umqeshwa karhulumente kufuneka afumane isaziso ngezizathu, ithuba lokusabela, kunye nohlobo oluthile lokuva. Abasebenzi bamacandelo oluntu badla ngokuba nemigaqo efunekayo encinane yokukhusela imigaqo efunekayo ngaphandle kokuba imvume yabo yomsebenzi okanye isivumelwano somanyano sibanika yona. Noko ke, bonke abasebenzi bahlala bekhuselekile ekucalucalucalucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, kwisini, kunqulo, nakwezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo.

Imfundo

Abafundi kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke banamalungelo afanelekileyo xa bejamelene nesenzo soqeqesho esinokuthi siphumele ekuthubeni okanye ekugxothweni. Inkundla Ephakamileyo egcinwe kwi Gos v. Lopez (1975) ukuba abafundi abajongene nokuthunyelelwa kweminxeba kufuneka bafumane isaziso esidluliselwa ngomlomo okanye esibhaliweyo sezityholo kunye nethuba lokuchaza icala labo elinzulu lento eyenzekayo. Kuzo zonke imigaqo esesikweni iyafuneka. Ezi zikhuselwa zisebenza kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke ngenxa yokuba ziseburhulumenteni, kodwa izikolo zabucala azibotshelelwanga zizinto ezifunekayo ngokwenkqubo zomgaqo-siseko.

Indlu

Xa urhulumente efuna ukugxotha umntu kwizindlu zikawonke-wonke okanye ukuphelisa uncedo lwezindlu, inkqubo efunekayo ifuna isaziso kunye nokuchongwa. Abasebenzi kufuneka babe nethuba lokuvavanya izizathu zokugxothwa nokufumana ubungqina ekuzikhuseleni kwabo. Kwizindlu zabucala, imithetho yengingqi yengingqi yengingqi yephondo inikela ukhuseleko oluthile lwendawo, nangona ezi zivela kumthetho othile kunokuba zisuke kwinkqubo emiselwe ngumgaqo-siseko.

Okusesikweni Kolwaphulo - mthetho

Inkqubo yobulungisa yezobulungisa inikela eyona nkqubo ifanelekileyo yokukhusela. Abameli banelungelo lokumela umthetho, ilungelo lokuhlala bethulile, ilungelo lokuvavanywa kwetyala elikhawulezayo nelingokwabantu bonke, ilungelo lokujamelana namangqina, nelungelo lokuba urhulumente abonise ukuba unetyala ngaphandle kokuthandabuza okusengqiqweni.

Umthetho wentsapho

Inkqubo elindelekileyo inendima enkulu kwinkundla yentsapho. Ngaphambi kokuba urhulumente aphelise amalungelo abazali, athabathe umntwana asiwe ekunyamekeleni abantwana, okanye abeke iimbopheleleko zokuxhasa umntwana, abazali kufuneka bafumane isaziso nethuba lokuviwa. INkundla Ephakamileyo iye yaqonda ukuba abazali banelungelo elisisiseko lokunyamekela nokugcina abantwana babo, yaye inkqubo efanelekileyo iyalikhusela ilungelo lokungenelela kurhulumente.

Unqabiseko Neingenelo Zokungafezeki

Xa urhulumente ekhanyela, enciphisa, okanye ephelisa intlawulo yoKhuseleko loNtlalo-ntle okanye ukuhlawulwa kwemilwelwe, abamkeli banamalungelo afanelekileyo enkqubo. Ezi ziquka isaziso sesenzo esicetyiweyo, ingcaciso yezizathu, kunye nethuba lokubhenela nokuchongwa phambi komgwebi womthetho olawulayo.

Iziphumo zophawu eziguqulelwe kwinkqubo elindelekileyo

Intsingiselo yenkqubo efunekayo iye yavela ngezigqibo ezininzi zeNkundla Ephakamileyo. La matyala achaza umgangatho wokukhuselwa kwaye asebenzisa imigaqo efunekayo kwiimeko ezintsha.

UGideon . Wainwright (1963)

UClarence Gideon wamangalelwa ngokuqhekeza kwiholo yequla laseFlorida. Akakwazanga ukuhlawula igqwetha wacela inkundla ukuba imisele elinye. Umthetho waseFlorida wanika amagqwetha abamangalelwa abajamelene netyala lekomkhulu, ngoko ke inkundla yasikhaba isicelo sakhe. UGidiyon wazimela kwaye wagwetywa. Wabhenela kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo, eyayisithi uLawulo lweSithandathu lweMbeko olunelungelo lokunika icebiso lusebenza ekumangaleleni izigebetho zezaphuli-mthetho ngeMphetho-mthetho we-14 u-Admission Act Claus. Namhlanje, wonke ummangalelwa ojongene nelungelo lokuvalelwa unelungelo lokuba agwetyelwe kwigqwetha elimiselwe yinkundla ukuba abangenayo.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

UErnesto Miranda wabanjwa ngenxa yokuqweqwedisa nokudlwengula. Emva kweeyure ezimbini encinwa ngamapolisa, watyikitywa uxwebhu lokuvuma izono. Akazange axelelwe ukuba unelungelo lokuthula okanye ilungelo lokuya kwigqwetha. INkundla Ephakamileyo yagqiba kwelokuba iingxelo ezithethwayo xa kuncinwa imvume yokubanjwa zibonakala ukuba abakrokreli baxeliwe amalungelo abo yaye bawachasa ngokuzithandela.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Eli tyala lalithetha enoba imithetho karhulumente ephazamisa ukuqhomfa yayiphazamisa inkqubo efanelekileyo. INkundla Ephakamileyo yathi uHlaziyo lweshumi elinesine lweMimiselo yeNkqubo ka-Agasti I-Austriry Claus ukhusela ilungelo lebhinqa lokuba lizimele ekugqibeni izigqibo zezonyango, kuquka isigqibo sokuphelisa ukukhulelwa. INkundla yaseka isiseko esisekelwe kwimityaba elungeleleneyo, ukulungelelanisa amalungelo ebhinqa nxamnye nezilangazelelo zikarhulumente. Eli tyala lihlala lisesinye sezona zigqibo zibalulekileyo ezifunekayo, nangona isakhiwo esikhethekileyo satshintshwa ngamatyala kamva kwaye ekugqibeleni sabhukuqwa kwi-Dobbs/.

Washington v. Glucksberg (1997)

Eli tyala lithetha enoba umthetho wephondo laseWashington othintela ukuzibulala waphula inkqubo efunekayo efunekayo. INkundla Ephakamileyo yathi ilungelo lokuncedisa ukuzibulala asiyonzala esisiseko yenkululeko ekhuselwe yinkqubo efanelekileyo. INkundla yachaza isiseko sokuchaza amalungelo asisiseko: kufuneka "isekelwe ngokunzulu kwimbali nakwesithethe salo hlanga" kunye "ukuchasana nengcamango yenkululeko eyayalelweyo." esi sigqibo sacacisa indlela yolwazi lwendlela yokuzichaza ngendlela ephantsi kwenkqubo efunekayo yokuhlola nokubeka imiqathango ebekwe kwimiqathango emiselweyo kwindlela ebekelwe ngayo iinkundla zokukhusela ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezintsha.

Mathews v. Eldridge (1976)

Njengoko kuphawulwe ngaphambili, eli tyala lamisela uvavanyo lwecandelo lokulinganisela iinxalenye ezintathu lokufumanisa ukuba yiyiphi inkqubo efunekayo yokulungisa iprocedrial efunekayo kwiimeko ezithile. UGeorge Eldridge wayengumsebenzi okhubazekileyo oncedo lwakhe lwezokhuseleko lwentlalo lwaye lwapheliswa ngaphandle kokuva phambi kokuphelisa. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yavavanya umdla wobuqu kwiingenelo eziqhubekayo, umngcipheko wokupheliswa kwempazamo phantsi kwemigaqo ekhoyo, nomdla karhulumente kwimpumelelo yolawulo. Inkundla yabambelela kwisigqibo sokuba ukuva kwangaphambi kwexesha lokuqalisa kokhuseleko akufuneki, kodwa uhlolo lwasemva kokuphelisa ityala kufuneka lufumaneke. Olu vavanyo lomlinganiselo luhlala lukho umgangatho wokuzinzolo lwenkqubo efunekayo.

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Eli tyala libalulekileyo lalibonisa ukuba izibini ezitshatileyo ezingokwabelana ngesondo zinelungelo elisisiseko lokutshata zikhuselwe yi-Act Procession Claus ne-Acimetic Protection Claus eMthethweni we-14th Amelika. INkundla yaqonda ukuba umtshato ungundoqo osekelwe ngokunzulu kwisithethe samaMelika kwaye izibini ezitshatileyo ezingokwabelana ngesondo azimele zikhutshwe kweli lungelo. Esi sigqibo simele enye yezona nkqubo zibalulekileyo zanamhlanje zenkqubo ephantsi kwecande.

Inkqubo Efanelekileyo Kwixesha lamanani

Ubugcisa buye badala ucelomngeni olutsha kwinkqubo efanelekileyo. Njengoko abameli bakarhulumente besebenzisa i-algorithm, ubukrelekrele obungeyonkqubo yokuzenzela, kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo ukwenza izigqibo ezichaphazela amalungelo abantu, kuphakama imibuzo engokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo efunekayo kule meko.

Ukwenza Isigqibo Esizenzekelayo

Xa amasebe karhulumente esebenzisa iinkqubo ezizimeleyo ukumisela inzuzo, ukujonga ingozi yokufumana ibheyile okanye ukugwetywa, okanye ukuqhatha ngeflegi, abantu basenokungafumani isaziso esifanelekileyo okanye ithuba lokwenene lokuvavanya isigqibo. Ukuba i-algorithm iyamkhanyela umntu iinzuzo zokungaqeshwa okanye yandisa imali yebheyile, ziziphi iinkqubo urhulumente amele azinike zona? IiNkundla zisasebenza kule mibuzo, kodwa imigaqo efanelekileyo ifuna ukuba abantu babe nendlela ethile yokuqonda nokukhuphisana nezigqibo ezichaphazela amalungelo abo.

Imfihlo yamanani

UHlomelo lwesine lukhusela ukuphanda okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula, kodwa inkqubo efunekayo ikwanendima kwimiba eyimfihlo. Xa urhulumente efuna ukufumana ii-imeyili, iirekhodi zefowuni, ugcino-lwazi lwendawo, okanye ezinye iinkcukacha ze-adic, kufuneka isaziso kunye nethuba lokucel ’ umngeni isicelo kwiimeko ezininzi. INkundla Ephakamileyo iye yaqonda ukuba ubugcisa bezi mini budala amathemba amatsha amele akhuselwe yinkqubo ekufuneka ikhuseleke.

Ukwamkelwa Kobuso Nogcino-lwazi lwe-bimetric

Amaziko agunyazisa ukugcinwa komthetho asebenzisa ubugcisa bokubona ubuso ukuze abonise abarhanelwayo. Oku kuphakamisa inkxalabo efunekayo ngokuphathelele ukuthembeka kobugcisa, ukungacaci ngendlela obusebenza ngayo, nobunzima beziphumo zokungaqiniseki.

Iingenelo Zonxibelelwano Norhulumente

Amanye amaphondo anemithetho efuna abafaki-zicelo beengenelo zokungaqeshwa okanye olunye uncedo lukarhulumente lokunika iingxelo zabo zezentlalo-ntle. Le mithetho iphakamisa imibuzo efunekayo ngokuphathelele umgangatho wegunya likarhulumente nokuba ngaba abantu banokhuseleko olufanelekileyo lwemizimba yabo phambi kokuba iingenelo zabo zikhatyelwe

Indlela Yokukhusela Amalungelo Akho Omsebenzi

Nali inyathelo elisebenzayo onokulithabatha kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Wazi Amalungelo Akho

Ukuba uqhubana nombutho karhulumente, hlolisisa iinkqubo omele uzilandele. Ukuba ujamelene nezityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho, qonda amalungelo akho okululeka, ukuthula, nokuvavanywa ngokufanelekileyo. Ulwazi lunamandla okukhusela amalungelo akho.

Phendla InjiniName

Gcina iingxelo ezibhaliweyo zonxibelelwano nabameli bakarhulumente, izikolo, abaqeshi, namanye amaziko. Gcina ii-imeyili, iileta, isaziso, kunye nawo onke amanye amaxwebhu anxulumene nemeko yakho. Bhala iiphetshana kwimfonomfono nakwiintlanganiso. Uxwebhu ludala ingxelo efunekayo kwizenzo ezingeyonyaniso.

Phendula ngoko nangoko

Xa ufumana isaziso sesenzo sikarhulumente okanye inkqubela engokwasemthethweni, musa ukusityeshela. Umba ofileyo kwinkqubo yomthetho, kwaye ungawaphumeleli ixesha elifanelekileyo ungawaphazamisa amalungelo abalulekileyo.

Buza Imibuzo

Ukuba akuqondi oko kwenzekayo okanye oko kuthethwa ngamalungelo akho, buza imibuzo. amasebe karhulumente neenkundla zinembopheleleko yokunikela inkcazelo. Ungacela ukucaciswa ngendlela omele uhambe ngayo, izinto ozigqibe ngayo ixesha oza kugqiba ngalo, nendlela okhetha ukuzisebenzisa ngayo.

Fumana Uncedo Olusemthethweni

Kwimibandela enzulu ebandakanya ukulahlekelwa yinkululeko, impahla, okanye amalungelo asisiseko, jongana negqwetha. Imibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni inikela uncedo ngesisa okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi kubantu abangakwaziyo ukufikelela igqwetha labucala. Izikolo ezininzi zomthetho zisebenzisa iikliniki ezimela abaxhasi kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo. [ I-Legeral Services Komiti yoLuxhaso lwamagunya[ inika oovimba bokufumana uncedo olusemthethweni kwindawo ohlala kuyo.

Cela Izigqibo Ezingafanelekanga

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba umbutho karhulumente okanye inkundla iphule amalungelo akho afanelekileyo enkqubo, unelungelo lokubhenela. Le nkqubo yokubhena ivumela igunya eliphezulu ukuba lihlole isigqibo neempazamo ezichanekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, usenokukwazi ukumangalela ngokwahlukileyo amalungelo akho enkqubo afanelekileyo phantsi koMthetho wamalungelo eLungu weCandelo lowe-19 1983.

Iimbono eziqhelekileyo eziphosakeleyo malunga nenkqubo elindelekileyo

Ukuzicacisa ngokuphosakeleyo ezi ngcamango kunceda abantu bawaqonde kakuhle amalungelo abo.

Ukungagqibeki: Inkqubo elindelekileyo isebenza kuphela kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho. Enyanisweni, inkqubo efanelekileyo iyasebenza naninina urhulumente efuna ukuhlutha umntu ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla. Oku kuquka amatyala, imicimbi yolawulo, kunye neenjongo zikarhulumente eziyingenelo.

Ukucinywa nge-Misc: Isixokelelwano esilindelekileyo siqinisekisa ukuvavanywa kwimeko nganye. Iinkqubo ezifunekayo kwinkqubo efanelekileyo zahluka ngokwemo-nkqubo. Ukuvavanywa ngokupheleleyo nesigqeba somthetho akufunwayo kwisenzo ngasinye sikarhulumente. Imfuneko engundoqo kukuba iinkqubo ezinikezelweyo zinikwe ngokulungileyo.

I-Miscception: inkqubo elindelekileyo ikhusela kuphela abemi. Imo efunekayo yemiqathango yeNkqutyana kunye neMigqizo yeshumi elinesine ikhusela "nabani" kwigunya le-United States, hayi nje abemi. Abangengobemi, kuquka abaphambukeli abangabhalwanga, banelungelo lokukhuselwa kwinkqubo efunekayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Misccess: Iinkampani zabucala kufuneka zinikezele kwinkqubo efanelekileyo. inkqubo efunekayo yomGaqo-siseko isebenza kuphela kwisenzo sikarhulumente. Amashishini azimeleyo, izikolo zabucala, nemibutho yabucala ngokuqhelekileyo ayibotshelelwanga ngeemfuno zenkqubo efunekayo engokomGaqo-siseko, nangona zinokubotshelelwa ngeemfuno zesivumelwano okanye iimfuno zomthetho.

Ukulungisa i-Misc: Inkqubo elindelekileyo liqhinga elilibazisayo. Ngelixesha iinkqubo zenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zithatha ixesha, zisebenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ucoselelo nokusesikweni. Ixesha elichithwa kwisaziso, iindlebe, kunye nezibongozo likhusela ukunqanda ukunqandwa okuphosakeleyo okungabangela umonakalo omkhulu.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo elindelekileyo yenkqubo yomthetho ekhusela wonke umntu kwisenzo solawulo esizimeleyo. Ukusuka kwimvelaphi yayo kwiMagna Carta ukuya kwizicelo zayo zangoku kwisizukulwana samanani, lo mgaqo uguqukele ukuhlangabezana nocelomngeni olutsha ngexa ugcina isiseko sawo sokuzibophelela ngokusesikweni. Ukuba ujongene nezityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho, ucela iingenelo zikarhulumente, uqhubana nesenzo soqeqesho, okanye uqhube nayiphi na enye intsebenziswano negunya likarhulumente, isiqinisekiso sokuba uza kufumana isaziso, ithuba lokuviwa, nesigqibo esisekelwe kwiinkqubo ezilungileyo.

Ukuqonda inkqubo efanelekileyo kukunika amandla okuqonda xa amalungelo akho esengozini nokuthatha inyathelo lokuwakhusela. Ngoxa inkqubo yomthetho inokuba nzima, ingcamango esisiseko ekwinkqubo efunekayo ilula: wonke umntu ufanelwe yimpatho esesikweni kurhulumente wakhe. Ngokwazi amalungelo akho, ukulungele ukudibana kwakho, ukusabela kwizaziso, nokufuna uncedo olusemthethweni xa kuyimfuneko, ungaqinisekisa ukuba olu khuselo lubalulekile luyasebenza kuwe. Inkqubela-nkqubo ayiyo nje ubuchule obusemthethweni obugcinelwe iinkundla namagqwetha. Ngumgaqo ophilayo ochaphazela ubomi bosuku nosuku lwabo bonke abasebenzisana norhulumente, kwaye ukuqonda kubalulekile ukukhusela inkululeko yakho, impahla yakho, kunye namalungelo akho.