Ukuqonda Ukunyanzeliswa Kolawulo Ngenkulungwane Ye - 21

Ulawulo lowiso-mthetho lwenza isiseko solawulo lwale mihla, ukuguqulela injongo yowiso-mthetho kwiziphumo zokwenene kwicandelo elahlukeneyo njengezokhuseleko lwemekobume, unqabiseko lwemali, impilo-ntle yoluntu, kunye nezogcino-lwazi. Njengoko oorhulumente ehlabathini lonke bezama ukumelana nezoqoqosho neengingqi ezintsonkothileyo, iindlela zokulawula ezilawulwa ngazo, ezinyanzeliswayo, nezihlaziywayo. Umsantsa phakathi komthetho obhaliweyo nokuthotyelelwa kokwenyani kuye kwaba yinkxalabo enzulu kubenzi bezomthetho, amashishini, nabemi ngokufanayo.

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho okunempumelelo kuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho eyenzelwe ukukhusela izilangazelelo zikawonke-wonke iyalandelwa, izigwebo zokwaphulwa zisoloko zisetyenziswa, kwaye umthetho uhlala uthembekile. Noko ke, indlela esuka ekumiselweni ukuya kuqikelelo izaliswe yimiqobo — imiqobo yezibonelelo, ukungenelela kwezobupolitika, ukuphazamiseka kobugcisa, kunye nokungalawuleki kwemigaqo yale mihla konke kusongela ukuncitshiswa kolawulo. Eli nqaku lihlola iingxaki ezininzi ezijongene nomthetho olungelelaniswayo kwaye lichaza iindlela zokuwomeleza, ukuzoba nemizekelo yomhlaba wonke kunye noqheliselo olungcono.

Iintsika Zokunyanzeliswa Kolawulo Olunempumelelo

Ngaphambi kokuba uhlole iingxaki, kubalulekile ukuqonda into eyenza ukuba umthetho usebenze.

  • I- I-Deterance: Isisongelo sokufumana nokusohlwaya kufuneka siqiniseke ngokwaneleyo ukudinisa ukwaphulwa. Oku kufuna uhlolo oluthe rhoqo, iinkqubo zokuhlola ezomeleleyo, kunye nezohlwayo ezinentsingiselo.
  • Ukunyanzela: izenzo zokunyanzelisa mazibe zengaguquguquki, ezikhanyayo, nezingenalukhethe. Isicelo esingesosiso sithoba ukuthembana kwaye sikhuthaza ukungahambelani.
  • Isantya sokusebenza solawulo kufuneka amaziko aneleyo, abasebenzi abanobuchule, kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa ukuze aphumeze izindululo zabo ngokunempumelelo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukwamkelwa: kwemithetho kunye neendlela zokuqinisekisa kufuneka ziguquke ukuphendula kwiingozi ezintsha, ubugcisa, kunye nolindelo lwentlalo.

Xa nayiphi na kwezi ntsika idodobala, kuvela imisantsa yokunyanzelisa. Amacandelo alandelayo ahlolisisa iingxaki ezingundoqo ezibangela ukuba ezi ntsika zingasebenzi kakuhle.

Ucelomngeni Olukhulu Ekunyanzelweni Kolawulo

Izithintelo zezibonelelo kunye noHlahlo loHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Amaziko alawulayo kumazwe aphuhlisiweyo nasakhasayo asoloko esebenza ngoovimba abangapheliyo. ECD ibhalise ukuba abahloli abaninzi bajongene nabaphathi-mikhosi kude ngaphantsi koko kufunekayo ukugquma izibuko labo. Umzekelo, i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) isebenzisa amaqela amalunga nesibhozo sezigidi zemisebenzi — okuthetha ukuba ithatha amashumi eminyaka ukuze i-onke umsebenzi uhlolo, umlinganiselo ofanayo ukho kukhuseleko lwemeko-bume, ukutya, kunye nolawulo lwemali jikelele.

Uqingqo-mali luye luphinde lusikelele kule mali incinane. Xa abameli bengenamali yokuqesha okanye yokugcina abasebenzi abafanelekayo, beqhuba uhlolo oluthe rhoqo, okanye bevelise ingeniso kwizixhobo zelebhu kunye neenkqubo zogcino-lwazi, ukunyanzelisa imigaqo-nkqubo iyasebenza kunokuba iqhubeke ingasebenzi. iziphumo zokuthintela ukukhutshwa kwemithetho ziyabhaqwa. Ngaphezu koko, amaqumrhu aphantsi kwemigaqo asenokubeka izicwangciso eziphezulu ze-profile ngexesha ebengahoywa, edala ukubekwa komthetho okungalungelelani.

Ukuze balujonge olu cwangciso, oorhulumente kufuneka balugqale uwiso-mthetho njengolubalulekileyo lwezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo ezifanele ukugcinwa. Imizekelo yemali e-odolo e-oyile — njengemali yohlolo, ityala lokubuyiselwa kwiinkcitho zee-arhente, okanye unxulumano loluntu oluzimeleyo lokwamkela i-data — lungayongeza

Ukuntsonkotha Kwemithetho Okukhulayo

Imimiselo yangoku intsonkothile kakhulu kunanini na ngaphambili, ibonisa ukuntsonkotha kwemiqolo edityanisiweyo yomhlaba wonke, iimarike, kunye neziphumo ezinqamleza imingcele engqongileyo. Isakhiwo semali eLondon kungafuneka sithobele imikhosi emininzi ehambayo evela kwimithetho emininzi: i-GDPR ye-European Union, iimfuno zeMaligion ye-U.U.S. ezichasene nemali yentengiselwano, kunye nemithetho yemithetho yezizwe ngezizwe. Kumashishini amancinci, ukuqhuba le-gxamenti elungelelanisayo inzima, kwaye ngengozi i-United Kingdom’s Finance Livectory iqhelekile.

Abalawuli, abantsonkothileyo badala imingeni yokunyanzelisa. Abahloli kufuneka babe ziingcali kwimimandla emininzi, ukucaciswa okungokwasemthethweni kungahluka, kwaye ukumisa ulawulo olulungileyo okanye igunya lokwaphula umthetho okunikiweyo kungangacacanga. IBhanki yehlabathi iphawule ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kolawulo kunye nokhokelo olucacileyo luyimfuneko ekuthobeleni, ukanti imimandla emininzi iyaqhubeka ivelisa imithetho eyahlukeneyo okanye engqubanayo. Imimiselo elulayo — ngokudibanisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa, kunye nokuphucula ulungiso olucacileyo — iyakwazi ukunciphisa ukudidelwa nokuphuculwa kolawulo ngaphandle kokuthomalathisa imigaqo.

Impembelelo Yezobupolitika Nolawulo

Amaziko alawulayo acetyelwe ukusebenza ngokwawo, akhuselwe kwiingcinezelo zezobupolitika zexeshana. Enyanisweni, impembelelo yezobupolitika isisongelo esizingisileyo. Amagosa angoorhulumente asenokunyanzela amaqumrhu amaziko ukuba ahambe lula kwimizi-mveliso emikhulu, ukulibaziseka komsebenzi wonyanzelo, okanye ukubeka phambili amatyala athile ngenxa yezizathu zokuququzelela. Okuninzi okuchuliweyo kukukubanjwa [ kolawulo, apho abameli besiza ukulungiselela izilangazelelo zemisebenzi yabo kunokuba balawule abantu bonke.

Ukwaphulwa kusoloko kusenzeka ngokufihlakeleyo: ngomnyango ojikelezayo wabasebenzi phakathi kwabameli kunye noshishino, ngokuphembelela imimiselo emileyo phambi kokuba igqitywe, okanye ngokusebenzisa umanyano lokhokelo lweziko lolawulo lweziko ngemibutho elungelelanisiweyo. Xa unyanzelo lubanjwa, ukuphulwa komthetho kuyatyeshelwa, isigwebo siyayekelela, kwaye imilinganiselo yolawulo incitshiselwa phantsi. Oku kunciphisa ukuthemba kukawonke wonke kwaye kunokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli okuyintlekele — njengokuba kubonwa kwingxaki yemali yowama-atting Dierhooar Disor

Ukulwa uphangelo kufuna amanyathelo aqinileyo okubonisa ukukhanya, afana nobhaliso lukawonke-wonke lwabangenisi, ukupholisa amathuba abalawuli bangaphambili, kunye neequmrhu ezizimeleyo zolawulo. Ukunika amandla abacuphi bempempe nokukhusela amaqela abathengi abalawuli abaphezulu abaphezulu abanobungozi kunceda ekulondolozeni ityala.

Ubuchule bokwahlula kunye nemilinganiselo yokulawula

Ubuxhakaxhaka buguqula indalo ngokukhawuleza kunendlela zokwenza umthetho okanye zokwenza unyanzelo. Umzekelo, ii-Cryptuurrencsin, iibrecchain, ubukrelekrele obungeyomvelo, izithuthi ezizimeleyo, kunye namaqonga oontanga asoloko esebenza kwimimandla engwevu elungelelanisayo. Imithetho ekhoyo ayinakusebenza ngokucacileyo, okanye isenokubhaqwa lula ngobuchule bokubhalisa. Umzekelo, iinkampani ezihamba-khampasi njengo-Uber noLyft ziphephe imimiselo yeteksi ngokuzidibanisa ngokwazo njengemigangatho yezobugcisa kuneenkonzo zothutho. Ngokufanayo, imigaqo yemali ehloniphekileyo (DeFi) ayichaphaza ekubekeni ulawulo oluqhelekileyo, ukwenza umngcipheko kubasebenzi kunye nozinziswa kwemali.

Imisebenzi yezobugcisa kufuneka iphuhlise ukukwazi ukubhalisa nokuqwalasela ushishino olutsha. Oku kungabandakanya ukuqesha izazinzulu zedata, ukuncedisana nabaphandi bemfundo, kunye nokwamkela iindlela zolawulo ezikhawulezayo ezifana neebhokisi zesanti kunye nemithetho esekelwe kwiziphumo. Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe ibalulekile, njengeenkonzo zamanani ezinqamleza imida ngaphandle komgudu. I-MALITYF UMSEBENZI MBENZI (FATFFF) ikhokele imigudu yokwandisa imigaqo echasene nemali esekelwe kwizinto zenyani, kodwa iyaqhubeka ingalingani namazwe ngamazwe.

Ukwahlulwa ngokweeNtlalo - ntle

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kusebenza kwimida yesizwe, kodwa uninzi lweengozi zanamhlanje — ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukubhalisa irhafu, ukungahlawulwa kwerhafu, izifo ezibangelwa yikhompyutha, izifo ezimandundu. Iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zingasebenzisa izithuba ezilawula amazwe ngokutshintsha ngokusebenza ngokunyanzelisa okubuthathaka, into ebizwa ngokuba kukuhlahlela i-athoribirage. Kwanakwilizwe elinye, amagunya (ityala, urhulumente, ummandla wasekuhlaleni) angenza ukungaphumeleli kwemithetho yomanyano.

Intsebenziswano yomthetho wehlabathi lonke iqhubekile kwimizimba efana ne- Intlangano yomhlaba wonke yeeKhomishini zeSikhundla (IOSCO) kunye neKomiti yeBasel kwiBhanki Ephezulu, kodwa ukunyanzelisa kusesona sikhulu sesizwe. Uhlolo oludibeneyo, izivumelwano zokwazisana, kunye nezivumelwano ezinika ulwazi zinganceda ekuvaleni izithuba. Kwimiba yemekobume, izivumelwano ezinjenge-Paris Link ixhomekeke ekuzishumayeleni nasekuhloleni imigaqo yoontanga, kunokubalaseko imiqathango eqinileyo, ibalase imida yendlela yokungena kwangoku.

Ukhuthuzo lukawonke wonke nokungathembani

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho akuyonto ikhoyo; kuxhomekeke ekuthobeleni ngokuzithandela kwenkoliso yamashishini nabantu ngabanye. Xa uluntu lungathembani norhulumente, lukulungele ukuthobela imigaqo encinci. Abantu basenokuyijonga njengengekho mthethweni, njengenzima kakhulu, okanye njengenyanzelisayo. Ukuvela kwemvakalelo echasene nemithetho yorhulumente kumazwe amaninzi kuye kwaphembelela ukuchaswa kwerhafu, imimiselo yempilo, kunye nemithetho yemekobume.

Ukuphucula ukuthobela akufuni nje ukunqanda; kufuna ukuganana. Iinkqubo ezinxibelelana ngokucacileyo ngenjongo yemimiselo, zinika uncedo lokuthobela, zize zibonise ukugcinwa komthetho okufanelekileyo nokungaguquguqukiyo zisenokuba nokwenzeka kakhulu ekufumaneni ukubambelela ngokuzithandela. Ingqiqo yesimilo — njengokuzenza lula iifomu, ukusebenzisa ukhetho olungagqibekanga, nokuthumela izikhumbuzo ezifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo — ziye zangqineka ziphumelela ekunyuseni inani lokuthobela ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Ubuchule bokomeleza ulawulo

Unyanzelo olusekelwe kwingozi kunye nokwenziwa kuqala

Amaziko anikwe izibonelelo ezisikelweyo, kufuneka abeke iliso kumthetho apho umngcipheko uphezulu khona. Uhlalutyo lweziseko zolwazi olusekelwe kwingozi lusetyenziswa ekuboneni amaziko, iinkampani, okanye amacandelo anokufumana amathuba amakhulu okungahambelani noncedo okanye eyona ngozi iyingozi. Umzekelo, i-U.S. Projekmental Protection yokhuseleko lwemekobume (EPA) isebenzisa izixhobo zomngcipheko ukuvavanya uvavanyo lwezibonelelo lwezibonelelo kwizitoliki eziyingozi kubantu abasemagxeni. I-UK'S Finicile Abaphathi nabo ngokufanayo basebenzisa ubuchule bobungozi ekunikeni abalawuli bezixhobo.

Ukusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo esekelwe kumngcipheko kufuna utyalo-mali kugcino-lwazi kunye nomthamo wokusebenza, kodwa lungaphucula ngokuphawulekayo ukuphumelela. Imisebenzi ingawunciphisa umthwalo kwizinto ezikhoyo eziphantsi ngeli lixa inyusa uhlolo kwizinto eziphezulu, yenza ukunyanzelisa ukusebenza komthetho kube luncedo ngakumbi kwaye kungabi nakwahluka.

Ubuxhakaxhaka bobugcisa obugudisayo kunye nogcino-lwazi

Ubugcisa bunika izixhobo ezinamandla zokuhlola ukuthotyelwa nokuphandwa. Imifanekiso yesatellite ingabonisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi okungekho mthethweni okanye ungcoliso ngexesha lokwenene. Uhlalutyo lwezemali lungagweba imisebenzi yokukrokraza imigudu yokurhwebisa ngemali. Iplatfomu yeWhistlever kunye nokugada okuxhotyisiweyo kunika abemi amandla okunika ingxelo yokwaphulwa kwemithetho.

Iinkqubo zokunika ingxelo ezizenzekelayo zinciphisa iindleko zokuthobela amashishini ziphucule umgangatho wogcino-lwazi lwabalawuli. Umzekelo, amazwe amaninzi ngoku afuna irhafu ye-elektroniki, ephucule ucoselelo lophicotho-zincwadi. Noko ke, ubugcisa bukwazisa ubungozi — amanani anokubhenela kwimiba yogcino-lwazi lwabucala, kwaye ukuthembela kwimithombo yogcino-lwazi lwabucala kunyusa inkxalabo yangasese. Abalawuli kufuneka bavelise imigaqo esesikweni yokusebenzisa ii-alytics eziphucukileyo.

Imithetho yokuqukuqela nokucazulula

Ukulungelelaniswa kolawulo akuyonto ibangela ukuba ukhuselwe buthathaka; kusekukwenzeni kube lula ukuyiqonda nokuyisebenzisa. Ukuqinisa imithetho ehlahlelanayo, ukususa imvume yokuyifaka, nokusebenzisa ulwimi olucacileyo kunganciphisa imithwalo yolawulo kunye nokungagqibeleli ngempazamo. Uhlolo lweziphumo zomthetho kufuneka luqwalasele ukunyanzeleka ngexesha lokwenziwa komthetho.

Ucwangciso olungcono lomthetho we-European Union luquka uhlolo olucwangcisiweyo lwemithetho ekhoyo ukuchonga amathuba okwazisa. I-ofisi yolwazi neMicimbi yoLawulo iphinda ihlole imithetho yedrafti ukwenzela ukucacisa kunye nengeniso. Iinkqubo ezinjalo kufuneka zihlale zicace ukukhusela ukupheliswa ekubeni yirhintyela ekupheliseni intengiso eluncedo kushishino.

Ukunikezela ngokucace gca nokuphendula

Ukubonisa ngaphaya kwengqondo kwakha ukuthembana nokuthintela ukuziphatha okubi. Iintshukumo zolu xwebhu, iziphumo zohlolo, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwezohlwayo zivumela uluntu nezobuzwe ukuba zijonge ukusebenza kweziko. Amanyathelo ogcino-lwazi avulekileyo anokwenza ukuba abaphengululi abazimeleyo bavavanye ukusebenza kolawulo. Umzekelo, iSebe leSebe lezeMali lezeMali laseNew York lipapashe izenzo zokunyanzela kwi-intanethi, nto leyo enegalelo ekuphenduleni

Imigaqo enjengeMithetho yobuxoki yase-U.S. incede abantu ngabanye ukuba bazise izenzo kurhulumente, baphucule amawaka ezigidi ngokuqhatha kwiinkqubo zikarhulumente. Ngokufanayo, amalungiselelo achasene nokukhutshwa kwemekobume kunye nemithetho yemali akhuthaza ukuxelelwa kokwaphulwa.

Ukwakha Intsebenziswano Yolawulo Lwezizwe Ngezizwe

Akukho lizwe linye linokunyanzelisa imimiselo kwihlabathi elithe tye. Izivumelwano zokwamkelwa kwabantu ngabanye zivumela amazwe ukuba amkele uhlolo kunye neziqinisekiso zomnye, anciphise ukwenziwa kwezicelo. I-International Forum of Independent Atimotion, i-International Compliance and Endictivement Network Network yoMsebenzi wehlabathi, kunye neziqu zamaqela zinceda intsebenziswano. Uphando oludityanisiweyo kwimida enqamlezayo, ukugada imali, kunye nokushishina ngenkunkuma okungekho mthethweni kuphumele iziphumo ezingenakufikelele nakulo naluphi ulawulo.

Noko ke, intsebenziswano kufuneka ihlonele ulawulo kwaye ibonakale. Amazwe asakhasayo asoloko engenawo amandla okuthatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ulwalamano olulinganayo lungakhokelela kunyanzelo olubuthathaka kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo. Uncedo lokwakha isixeko kunye nokudluliswa kobugcisa kufuneka zidibane nezivumelwano zentsebenziswano.

Uphando lwemeko ekunyanzelweni kolawulo

Ukhuthuzo lweNkxaso yeNkxaso yeNtshona Koloni

I-GDPR yoKhuselo logcino-lwazi jikelele (GDPR) imela enye yezicwangciso ezifuna amabhongo omthetho obuqu emhlabeni wonke. Ifaka imali ehlawulweyo (ukuya ku 4% yengeniso yomhlaba wonke) kwaye ifuna amanyathelo okuphendula ngokuqhubekayo. Noko ke, ukunyanzelisa bekungalingani. IKhomishini yoKhuselo logcino-lwazi lwase-Ireland, ijonge ii-gronat ezininzi ngenxa yekomkhulu laseYurophu, iye yagxekwa ngokuba nesantya. Okwangoku, abanye abalawuli besizwe baye bafaka imali exabisekileyo kwiinkampanini enjenge-Amazomyuziyam (i-R746 ezigidi) ne-Meta (izigidi ezi-390 e-Irlandayonke).

Inkqubo ye-GDPR yokumisa enye iprojekthi, ejolise ekunyanzeleni ukwenziwa komsebenzi, ikhokelele ekuthengeni izinto ezilula nasekulibazisekeni. Njengoko umthetho ubhenela phambili, iBhodi yoLokhuseleko logcino-lwazi lwaseYurophu isebenza ukuvisisanisa ukugcinwa komthetho ngaphaya kwamazwe angamalungu. Isifundo sabanye abalawuli kukuba imicimbi yolwakhiwo — ukugcinwa komthetho kufuneka kwenziwe ukunqanda ukukhutshwa kwentloko ebondayo.

Utshintsho lokusingqongileyo lweTshayina

ITshayina iye yatshintshwa kakhulu ekunyanzelweni kwemekobume kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo. Kwimbali, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho wasekuhlaleni ngenxa yezinto eziza kuqala kuqoqosho kwavumela ungcoliso olumandundu. Ukususela malunga nonyaka-nyaka ka-2015, urhulumente osembindini wasungula amaqela ahlola imekobume adlula oorhulumente basekuhlaleni ukuze ahlole ngokungqalileyo kwaye ohlwaye. La maqela aye axhobisa imizi - mveliso, amagosa abanjwayo, kwaye abeka amawaka ezigidi ze-yuan kwimali.

Iziphumo ziye zaqhankqalaza: ubunjani bomoya kwizixeko zamaTshayina buphucukile, kwaye ungcoliso lwamanzi luye lwancipha. Noko ke, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kuhlala kungalingani, kunye nezinye iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni ezisenako ukumelana. Le meko ibonisa ukuba ukunyanzeliswa komgangatho ophezulu kusenokuba luncedo xa ukongezelela kwezobupolitika, kodwa ukulondolozwa kwexesha elide kufuna ubuchule bomthetho.

Ikamva Lokunyanzelwa Kwamagunya Okulawula

Ukukhangela phambili, iziphumo eziliqela ziza kubumba ukunyanzeliswa komthetho. Okokuqala, ukunyuka kobuntlola obungeyoyamvelo kuza kwenza ukuba kusebenze, kuqikelelwe ukuba kwenziwe izinto kodwa kwakhona kubangele ubungozi obutsha — obufana nenkqubo yokuthobela imithetho elandelwayo edlalwa yimithetho. Abalawuli baza kufuneka baphicothe algoriths njengoko besenza iincwadi zemali.

Okwesibini, ukulindela ulawulo lukawonke-wonke kunyuka. Imisebenzi yokusingqongileyo, yentlalo, kunye nolawulo (ESG) iqhubela iinkampani ukuba zithobele imilinganiselo yokuzithandela neemfuno zokutyhila. Oorhulumente bangasabela ngokudibanisa ezi zilangazelelo kwimimiselo enyanzelekileyo.

Okwesithathu, uqoqosho olungacwangciswanga — olubangela ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwama - 60 ekhulwini basebenze kwamanye amazwe asakhasayo — lubangela ucelomngeni olusisiseko lokunyanzelisa abantu ukuba bafumane intsebenziswano, njengemithetho yerhafu eyenziwe lula nokufumana imali yokuthenga ityala, lusenokuphumelela ngakumbi kunokuqinisekisa ukuba umntu umele anyanzeliswe.

Ekugqibeleni, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kufuneka kusuke kusuka kwimodeli encinci yokunika ingqeqesho kwindalo efuna ukulawulwa, nto leyo equka imfundo, izikhuthazo, ubugcisa nentsebenziswano. Umthetho awuxhomekekanga kubukho bemithetho kodwa kumthetho othembekileyo nongaguquguqukiyo owiswayo kwihlabathi eliguqukayo.