Ulwalamano phakathi kwezobupolitika kunye nenkqubo kawonke-wonke ludala isiseko sokulawula kwibutho ngalinye labantu. Amadabi ezobupolitika agqiba ukuba ziziphi iingxaki ezifumana ingqalelo, ziziphi izisombululo ezifumana imvume, kwaye ngubani othwala iindleko zezigqibo. Kubafundisi-mfundo, abafundi, kunye nabemi abatshateneyo, ukuqonda esi sihlomelo asiyonkqubo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo-(-) kubalulekile ekulawuleni inkqubo yedemokhrasi, ekuhloleni ukusebenza korhulumente, nokuqaphela ukuthelekisa urhwebo oluhambisana nokhetho ngalunye lwenkqubo. Olu hlalutyo lwandiso lwandisa lwaphula iingcamango ezingundoqo, imikhosi yezemfundo, imikhosi yequmrhulu, kunye nophatho lwehlabathi olubonisa indlela enyani yokuqhuba inkqubo yedemo-demokhrasi nenkqubo kawonke engqinela ngayo ukuba imigaqo-ntle.

Ukuchaza Ezobupolitika Nomgaqo - siseko Kawonke - wonke

Ezopolitiko, ekuphangaleleni kwazo, yinkqubo eyenziwa ngayo iqela labantu lenza izigqibo ezimanyeneyo. Iquka ukhuphiswano lwamandla, ingxubusho phakathi kwabalawuli, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegunya. Izazinzulu zezobupolitika zidla ngokuyichaza njenge "ngoobani abafumana into, nini, kunye njani" (uLassell, 1936). Oku kubalaselisa ukuba izobupolitika ngokusisiseko zinxulumene nokusasazwa kobuncwane, amalungelo, kunye neembopheleleko.

Ngokuchaseneyo, inkqubo kawonke-wonke, yimveliso yaloo nkqubo yezopolitiko, imimiselo, imiyalelo yegunya, kunye neenkqubo oorhulumente abazithathayo ukusingatha iingxaki zoluntu. Inkqubo asisosigqibo esinye nje; likhondo lesenzo (okanye intsebenziswano) esithatyathwa ngamagunya kawonke-wonke. [Oxford] Reference[ ichaza inkqubo kawonke-wonke njenge "sekwe izigqibo ezinxulumene nelungu lomntu othathiweyo okanye iqela labadlali bezopolitiko malunga nokukhethwa kweenjongo kunye nendlela yokuzifikelela kwimeko ethile ekhankanyiweyo", ngeli xesha, lo gama ezopolitiko zilungiselela ibala nemithetho, inkqubo yezobuthothothoba ichaphazela ubomi babantu bemihla ngemihla.

Ukuqonda umahluko kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kucacisa ukuba inkqubo ayize ibe yeyobundilele, ibonakalisa amaxabiso, iingcamango, kunye namandla aphenjelelwe kwinkqubo yezobupolitika.

Indima Yeengcamango Zezobupolitika

Iingcamango zezobupolitika zisebenza njengelens apho abantu namaqela achaza iingxaki zentlalo baze banike izicombululo. Zinikela iingcamango ezisisiseko ezinika ulwazi ngeenjongo zomthetho.

  • I- I-Conservat igxininisa isithethe, ulungelelwano, kunye nongenelelo olusikelwe umda lukarhulumente. Abaxhasi baxhasa iimarike ezikhululekileyo, uxanduva lobuqu, kunye nolumkiso kwinguqulelo ekhawulezileyo yentlalo. Le ngcamango idla ngokuguqulela kwiinkqubo ezibeka inkqenkqeza phambili kwinkqeleso, ukupheliswa, kunye nokhuselo olunamandla lwesizwe.
  • I-Liberalist abameli abasebenzayo borhulumente ukuqhubekisela phambili okusesikweni kwentlalo, ukulingana, namalungelo omntu ngamnye. AmaLiberal atyekele ekuxhaseni utyalo-mali lukawonke-wonke kwimfundo, kwimpilo, nakwinetha zokhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni, kwakunye nemimiselo ekhusela abathengi kunye nemekobume.
  • UbuSocial [ bubeka phambili ubunikazi okanye ubunini bemali bemveliso kunye neenjongo zokunciphisa ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho ngemigaqo-nkqubo etshintshayo. Uguquko lwedemokhrasi lwale mihla lwamkela uqoqosho olwahlukileyo kodwa lusagxininisa iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke kunye nokhuseleko olunamandla lwemisebenzi.
  • UbuLubharianism buthatha inkululeko yomntu ngamnye njengelona xabiso liphezulu kwezobupolitika. Abameli bamaphondo baxhasa urhulumente omncinci(omiselweyo) ukukhusela amalungelo kunye nezivumelwano (/okanye bachasa iindlela ezininzi zerhafu, ummiselo, kunye nelungiselelo likawonke-wonke.

Ezi nkampu zeengcamango azikho ngokuzikhetha. Ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo, iingxoxo zenkqubo zidla ngokubandakanya ulalanisa kunye nokubekwa kwemiqathango exubileyo. Umzekelo, umgangatho oqhelekileyo ungaxhasa ukungenelela kukarhulumente kuhlobo loshishino lwamatshatsha-mva ukukhusela ushishino lwasekhaya, ngeli xesha izisombululo ezizinzileyo ezisekelwe kwintengiso efana nekharbon crimes kwinjongo yokusingqongileyo. Ukubona ezi nkcukacha zinceda ekuqondeni ukuba kutheni ukurhweba ngemithetho kunganqandeki: akukho ngcamango inye enokuzanelisa onke amaxabiso ngaxeshanye.

Inkqubo yokwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo

Ukwenza inkqubo kunqabile ukuba kube yilayini, kodwa abahlalutyi badla ngokuyiqhekeza kwimigangatho elandelayo ukuqonda bhetele amandla ezobupolitika kwinyathelo ngalinye.

Ucwangciso lwe Agenda

Ucwangciso lwe-Agenda lumisela ukuba zeziphi iimbambano ezifumana ingqalelo karhulumente. Iingxaki zingazuza udumo ngoluvo lukawonke-wonke, ngokupapashwa kwejelo leendaba, amaphulo eqela labanomdla, okanye ukubhekisa kwiziganeko ezifana neentlekele zemvelo kunye neemeko zezoqoqosho. Iinkokeli zezobupolitika zidlala indima engundoqo: zinokuphakamisa imibandela ethile ngoxa zingahoyi ezinye ngabom. Ingcamango ye "policy window" (Kingdon, 1984) ichaza indlela ingxaki, isisombululo sezobupolitika, kunye neemeko ezintle zezobupolitika ezintle ezimele zilungelelane nembambano yokufikelela kwimibandela.

Umgaqo-nkqubo womgaqo-nkqubo

Xa imbambano ikwimeko ecwangcisiweyo, abenzi benkqubo kunye nabagcini-mathiriyeli bavelisa izisombululo ezinokwenzeka. Eli nqanaba libandakanya uphando, izindululo zokulungisa, uhlalutyo lwexabiso, kunye nengxoxo. Ukwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo kusoloko kwenzeka phakathi koorhulumente abalawulayo, iikomiti zowiso-mthetho, okanye iikhomishini ezikhethekileyo. Amaqela anomdla kunye nokucinga ukuba iitanki zinika igalelo, iindlela zokuyila izinto ezikhethwayo ngokuvumelana nezinto ezizithandayo.

Uqeqesho

Ukufumana umntwana wabanye abantu liqonga apho inkqubo ivunywa ngokusemthethweni liqumrhu lowiso-mthetho okanye igunya elilawulayo. Kulapho amandla ezobupolitika ebonakala khona kakhulu: amavoti ayavoti, iinguqu zenziwe, kwaye kusekwa imibutho. Isakhiwo sikarhulumente //i-presidential okanye ipalamente, i-uncameral okanye ibimatral ._shapes ezinamandla. EUnited States, umzekelo, ukwahlulwa kwamandla kuthetha ukuba umthetho umele udlulise zombini izindlu zeBhunga uze uphile umbasazulu okanye umbathiso-ngontsi weNkundla Ephakamileyo.

Imisebenzi

Ukusebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo kutshintsha inkqubo. Amaziko karhulumente, maxa wambi asebenzisana nabadlali bobuqu okanye abangafumani ngeniso, aphumeza iinkcukacha. Eli qonga lisoloko lizaliswe lucelomngeni: ubuchule bokusebenzisa inkxaso yemali, imigangatho yokuxhathisa kubemi abajoliswe kubo, kunye nemiyalelo engacaci kakuhle isenokususa zonke iziphumo ezicetywayo. Njengo Pressman noWindavsky (1973) edumileyo, ukuzalisekisa kuku "ubuchule bokudibanisa amakhonkco kwitsheyina elidibanisa inkqubo neziphumo zayo ezinqwenelekayo.""

Uvavanyo

Ekugqibeleni, uvavanyo luhlola ukuba inkqubo iphumeze iinjongo zayo nangamaxabiso ayo. Uvavanyo lungaqhutywa ngabahloli-zincwadi borhulumente, abaphandi, okanye imibutho ezimeleyo. Iziphumo zingabuyiselwa kucwangciso lwezakhelo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulungiseni, ekuqhubekekeni, okanye ekuphelisweni kwenkqubo. Noko ke, izinto zezobupolitika zidla ngokubugqitha ubungqina obuqhelekileyo kodwa obungaphumeleliyo: inkqubo ethandwayo ingasinda, ngelinye ixesha esebenzayo kodwa edidaniswayo ingasindwa.

Urhwebo kwimiba kawonke-wonke

Urhwebo lukhona kuba ubuncwane bunqabile kwaye kukho ukungqubana kwemilinganiselo. Ukhetho ngalunye lomgaqo-nkqubo lubandakanya iindleko zemali, --inzuzo ezinqanyulweyo zokungaphindi ulandelo. Ukuqonda ii-offs zorhwebo kusemgangathweni wokuhlalutya.

Ukukhula kwezoqoqosho okuchaseneyo nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo

Uxanduva oluqhelekileyo luvela phakathi kwemigaqo ekhuthaza imveliso yezoqoqosho kunye neyoyikhusela ubuncwane bendalo. Imimiselo yongcoliso, umzekelo, inganyusa iindleko zamashishini kwaye inciphise ukukhula okufutshane, kodwa ivelisa iingenelo zexesha elide kwimpilo nozinzo lwemekobume. Ucelomngeni kukuba iindleko neengenelo zisasazwa ngokungafaniyo kunqamleza ixesha namaqela.

Ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke luchasene

Amanyathelo okulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ubugrogrisi , afana nokuhlola, ukumisa kunye nokuvalelwa, okanye ukukhusela intolongo.

Ukulingana vs. Ubuchule

Imithetho ejolise ekunciphiseni ukulingana kwemiqathango .Irhafu enyukayo, imithetho encinane yemivuzo, okanye unyango lwezempilo lwendalo--wonke inganciphisa ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho jikelele ngokugqwetha okanye ukwenza iindleko zolawulo. Ngokuchaseneyo, iinkqubo ezinyusa ukusebenza kakuhle (umz., ukulungelelanisa) zingakubonakalisa umahluko. Abenzi bemithetho kufuneka bagqibe ulungelelwano olwamkelekileyo phakathi kwala maxabiso aphikisanayo.

Uncedo olufutshane- Ixesha-mfutshane v. Ugcino lwexesha elide

Isiqabu sentlekele, ukusetyenziswa kwemali echithwayo, okanye ukugawulwa kwerhafu kusoloko kunika inzuzo ekhawulezileyo yezopolitiko kodwa kunganyusa amatyala okanye kuphazamise utyalo-mali kwizibonelelo, imfundo, okanye ugcino-mali lwemozulu. Oku kuthengwa kwexesha elifutshane kuphawulwe ngokukodwa kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, apho imijikelo yonyulo ixhasa iingenelo zexesha elifutshane kunethuba elide lokuceba.

Inkululeko Nganye

Imiqathango yenqintela, imiqathango yempilo kawonke-wonke, kunye nemithetho yokuhlala ibonise uxinezeleko phakathi kwenkululeko yobuqu nentlalo-ntle yoluntu. AbaLawuli-mkhosi batyekele ekubekeni imilinganiselo ephambili kukhetho lomntu ngamnye, ngoxa abameli be-communian begxininisa iimbopheleleko ezabelanayo.

Impembelelo Yamaqela Anomdla

Amaqela enzala ````Amaqela aqokelele ingqokelela yabantu okanye imibutho efuna ukuchaphazela inkqubo kawonke-wonke-ngowona mgaqo-siseko unamandla. Anikela ngobuchule, athumele igalelo, anikele ngemirhumo, kodwa ayakwazi ukurhwebelana ngemiqathango enciphileyo kuwonke-wonke.

  • [[[UMTL:0] Ishishini kunye neManyano zoThambelwano: Amaqela afana neCumt's Chamber yeChwetheza ukwenzela imigaqo-siseko elungileyo yerhafu, ulawulo, kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo. Inzuzo yazo zogcino-mali zisoloko zinika ukufikelela okugqithisileyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Amamanyano omsebenzi womsebenzi:[ I-American Medical Association okanye i-Melika Bar Association inempembelelo kwiinkqubo zenkqubela-phambili zeshishini labo, ezifana nokulungisa i-ankile kunye nemithetho yetyala.
  • Izixhobo ezikhoyo:[[FL-CIO] njengeentlangano ezinjengamasebe e-AFL, amaqumrhu adibanisa amalungelo abasebenzi, ukucebisana ngokhuseleko, kunye nonyuko lwemivuzo encinane. Impembelelo yazo iye yancipha kumazwe amaninzi kodwa ihlala ibalulekile kwicandelo elithile.
  • Amaqela eNtlalo ePublic: Amaqela endawo engqongileyo (umz., Sierra Club), abaxhasi benkululeko yabemi (umz., ACLU), kunye noogo abathengi (umz., iSizwe soluntu) zimele ii-contrituences ezinokungahoywa.
  • Iqela le-Issue elinye:[ Imibutho ijolise kumalungelo okuqhomfa, ukuba nompu, okanye ukufuduka isebenzisa uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwimida emixinwa yenkqubo, ngokufuthi ngesiseko esiqhutywa ngamandla.

Amaqela anomdla asebenzisa uludwe lwamacebo: abalawuli bemithetho kunye namagosa amaqumrhu, aphumeza umngeni wezibhengezo zokurhweba ngezakhono, ukuxhasa uphando kunye nokucinga ngeetanki, kunye nokulungiselela iingcambu eziphembelelayo. i-openserets [ ijelo logcino-lwazi lwemijelo yemijelo yemijelo kunye nenkcenkcezo, ukutyhila iinkcazo ezininzi ezichithwayo ukuphembelela inkqubo. Urhwebo olungaphandle apha luphakathi kokuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uva abagcini-mathi-mthi abachaphazelekileyo nokuthintela inkqubo yokubamba abasebenzi abancinane abafumana iziphumo.

Indima Yembono Yabantu Bonke

Uluvo lukawonke wonke lusebenza njengesixhobo esinyanzelisayo nesibonelelo sabenzi benkqubo. Amagosa angabonakaliyo adla ngokunikela ingqalelo kwiimbono zabaququzeleli bawo, ingakumbi kwimibandela enzima. Noko ke, uluvo lukawonke wonke aluyiyo i-odolith emileyo; lubunjwe ngamajelo eendaba, izidwangube zezobupolitika, namava obuqu.

Ukulinganisa Uluvo Lwabantu

Uphando oluphandayo lunika isixhobo esiyintloko sokulinganisa uluvo. Uphando olucwangcisiweyo lungathatha ukusasazeka kokhetho nobunzulu bemvakalelo. Noko ke, ukubuza amagama, impazamo yokulinganisela, kunye ne-DEN yendlela yokuvakalelwa yoluntu konke kudala imingeni. Ngexesha lobunzima, uluvo lungatshintsha ngokukhawuleza / ngokomzekelo, inkxaso yongenelelo lukarhulumente isoloko inyuka ngexesha lokurhoxa kwezoqoqosho.

Impembelelo yamajelo eendaba

Izixhobo zokwenza imicimbi yesithethe nentlalo, zifeza indima ephindiweyo: zizisa uluvo lukawonke-wonke kwaye ziphenjelelwa yiyo. Ingcamango yeAgenda-Style ikholelwa ukuba inkcaso yesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi ixelela abantu ukuba abamele bacinge ntoni, kodwa into abamele bayicinge. Kwixesha lonyaka loluvo, amagumbi eendlebe kunye nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo ingagqwetha ukuqonda kwabantu ngokorhwebo lwezorhwebo. Umzekelo, iingxoxo ngokunqandwa kwerhafuthe-rhafu zidla ngokufihla ukurhweba kunye netyala lexesha elizayo.

Intshukumo yoNtlalo kunye noxinzelelo oluziingcambu

Intshukumo efana nombutho wamalungelo abantu, ukwenza izinto ngokusingqongileyo, kunye neTaa Party iguqule inkqubo ngokunempumelelo ngokulungiselela inkxaso kawonke-wonke. Xa ixhaswe ngokwaneleyo, uxinzelelo lwengca lungaphelisa iminqweno eqinisiweyo. Brookings Institution[[[FLT: 1] ipapashe uphando olunzulu ngendlela intsebenziswano eguqulela ngayo inkqubo, ibonakalisa impumelelo kunye neentsilelo.

Uluvo lukawonke wonke alufane lulawule inkqubo ngqo. Endaweni yoko, lubeka imida phakathi kwemisebenzi yabenzi bezomthetho. Upolitiko oluzibetha ngoyaba iimbono zikawonke wonke olujongene neengozi zokuwiswa kwemiba ephantsi, kodwa lunganandipha ubulumko obuninzi.

Imisebenzi yeFrames: Indlela Isakhiwo sikaRhulumente esizitshintsha ngayo izibonelelo zorhwebo

Amaziko ezobupolitika amisela imigaqo yawo eyahlukileyo, enza ezinye ii-odokisi zivele kakhulu kunamanye. EUnited States, ukwahlulwa kwamagunya kudala izalathiso ezininzi zeveto ezithi zitshintshe inkqubo kancinci kodwa zikhuthaza ulalaniso. Umanyano lwasasaza igunya lemithetho phakathi koorhulumente besizwe nabo bamazwe ngamazwe, ukuvelisa umahluko kwiziphumo zenkqubo kumazwe ahlukeneyo.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iinkqubo zepalamente, zigxininisa amandla kumphathi ophetheyo kwaye zibangela utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwenkqubo, kodwa zikwabeka esichengeni ulawulo oluyintloko ngaphandle kokuxilonga okunamandla. Urhwebo phakathi kokuphelisa ukugqibelela nokucinga lulukhetho olusisiseko lwequmrhu. Ngokufanayo, isakhiwo sejaji--qhinga-mvume/inkundla zinokubetha umthetho ```''''.

Iinkqubo zomthetho zikwabalulekile. Umelo lweprojekthi ludla ngokuvelisa imiqolo emininzi efuna ukuthelekisa kwaye isenokubonakalisa ngcono iimbono ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ingakhokelela kwiqhina elikwindawo ephezulu okanye oorhulumente abangaguquguqukiyo. Isixokelelwano sokuqala sentsika sikhuthaza ukhuphiswano oluthabatha izithuba ezimbini kunye noxanduva olucacileyo, kodwa lungashiya iimbono ezincinci zingachazwanga. Ukuqonda ezi zinto zingundoqo zinceda ukucacisa isizathu sokuba iimbono ezifanayo zengqondo zivelise imigaqo eyahlukileyo kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

Impembelelo Yamazwe Ngamazwe Neyamazwe

Kwihlabathi elidityanisiweyo, inkqubo yasekhaya ijinga-jike kakhulu ngemikhosi yezizwe ngezizwe. Izivumelwano zorhwebo, iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, kunye neequmrhu ezilawula umhlaba wonke zinyanzela oorhulumente belizwe ukuba bakhethe ezifumanekayo. Ngokomzekelo, imithetho yeWorld Trade Organization imisela ukusetyenziswa kwemiqathango nenkxaso-mali; izivumelwano zemozulu zifuna ukuncitshiswa kwemichiza; kwaye izivumelwano zamalungelo abantu zamazwe ngamazwe zimisela imilinganiselo yomthetho wekhaya.

Ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi ngokwako kubangela ukuthengiselana: ukuvulwa kwemisika kunganyusa ukwanda kwezoqoqosho kodwa kwakhona kwandisa ukungalingani kunye nokuchanabeka kwiingxaki zemali. Abenzi bomthetho kufuneka bagqibe ukuba lungaphi ulawulo olufanele luyilwe ukuze kuxhaswe intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe. Ukusabela kwisifo se-COVOVID-19 kwabonisa imfuneko yokuba kubekho umanyano lwehlabathi lonke lolwakhiwo-gazi oluno-ezini.

Izifundo zetyala kwiinkqubo zorhwebo

Ufundo lwetyala 1: UMthetho wokunyamekela ongenakufikeleleka (ACA)

Idlule ngo-2010, i-ACA enenjongo yokwandisa i-inshorensi yempilo, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokuphucula ubunjani. Yasungula iintengiso, inkxaso-mali, ulwando, kunye nolwando lwe-Medicaid. Imfazwe yezobupolitika yayinobundlobongela, ibonakalisa ukwahlukana okunzulu kweengcamango. Urhwebo lwathi: izigidi zafumana intelekelelo, kodwa iintengiso zanyuka, kwaye kwagunyaziswa umthwalo onzima kulowo ungenayo. Abachasi bayiphikisa ukuba yandisa urhulumente onqongopheleli; abaxhasi bayibonile njengenyathelo elide elibonisa ukukhutshelwa kwehlabathi lonke. Umthetho wasinda kwiinzame ezininzi zentengiso zezonyango, kodwa uhlala ukho kwimeko ebonakalisa inkquluko yezonyango. [[FLD:0] Uhlaluko lweNtsalelo lweentsapho [FL:]

Isifundo Setyala 2: Ukulwa Neziyobisi

Imodeli yomthetho yabekwa phambili kwimfazwe yonyaka ka-1970 yaza yakhula ngoo1980, imfazwe yonyango lweziyobisi ebekwe phambili kunye namanyathelo okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ukurhweba phakathi kokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke kunye nobulungisa bentlalo yaba mandundu. Ngoxa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwanciphayo ngamanye amaxesha, inkqubo yakhokelela ekuvalweni kwabantu abaninzi, ngokungenakuthelekiswa namaqela amancinane, kunye nokuphambukiswa kwezinto ezikhoyo ekunyangweni nasekuthintelweni. Abahlalutyisi baphikisayo ukuba ingakwazi ukunciphisa ukukhotyoliswa nokuyila iziyobisi nokuyila iintsokothile. Izintlukwano ezininzi zakutshanje zipapashelwe kwiindleko zeziyobisi. I-odreamstiki yemali nerhafu yemiza.

Isifundo sesithathu: Ikharbon Pricing kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu

Imikhosi yemeko-bume etshintshayo yabenzi benkqubo yokukhusela imekobume ukuba balinganisele ukukhuselwa kwemekobume ekukhuleni kwezoqoqosho, iindleko ezifutshane ngokuchasene nokusinda kwexesha elide, kunye nokhuphiswano lwesizwe nentsebenziswano yehlabathi jikelele. Ikharbon. I-prign/ekhofithi ngerhafu okanye ngecap-trade(isixhobo semarike esisekelwe kwintengiso esiguqula ixabiso lemichiza. Noko ke, idala intengiso-yo-ukuphuma kwemali: iziphumo ezilandelayo kwimibutho elifumana imali encinci, ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi kwimizi yekharbon, kunye nokurhoxisana kwezobupolitika kuluntu olufana nelaseKhanada. Amazwe asebenzisa iirhafu zekharbon ngexesha lokusebenzisa inkciso yokunga, ebonisa ukuba urhwebo oluphumayo lungancitshiswa ngeplani kodwa lungarhoxiwe.

Isiphelo

Ezopolitiko neenkqubo zikawonke-wonke azihambelani. Ukhetho ngalunye lwezomthetho luvela kwiingxoxo zobupolitika, kwiimeko zengqondo, kwaye lubandakanya ukutshintsha kwentengiso okulawula ukusasazwa kweendleko neengenelo zentlalo-ntle. Kubafundisi-lwazi nabafundi, umsebenzi asikokuyithatha iinkcukacha zenkqubo kodwa kukuphuhlisa ubuchule obungokwenkqubo obuqhelekileyo bokuqonda isizathu sokuba imigaqo ethile ithatyathwe, ephumelelayo kwaye ephulukana, nendlela imibandela yezoburhulumente neyomhlaba enyanzelisa ngayo utshintsho. Ngokufunda imizekelo yokwenene yehlabathi kunye nokuzibandakanya nezixhobo ezingaphantsi kwempembelelo, abemi banokuba ngabathathi-nxaxheba abanolwazi olungakumbi kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi kwimigangatho yabo elungeleyo, ngoxa besazi ukuba akukho nkqubo inokuthi yanelise ngayo zonke izilangazelelo-politiko kunye nenkqubo zikawonke, ekugqibeleni, ibali lokuzilawula kwemibutho labantu.