Ukugcinwa kwemithetho kusisiseko soluntu lonke olulungelelanisiweyo, siseka isiseko apho inkululeko ikhuselwe khona, iimpikiswano ziconjululwa khona, kwaye ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke lugcinwa khona. Kubafundisi-mfundo, ukufundisa imigaqo yomthetho kudlulela ngaphaya kokuchaza indlela amagosa amapolisa esebenza ngayo.Ithetha ukukhuthaza ukuqiqa okunzulu kokusesikweni, imbopheleleko yezentlalo-ntle, kunye neenkqubo eziqinisekisa ukuba kulungile. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa ulwalamano oluphakathi komthetho kunye nemfundo, linika ukujonga iimbopheleleko, iinkqubo, kunye neendlela zokudibanisa ezi ngcamango kunye nendlela yokuzifaka kwizifundo ezikhoyo. Ngokuhlola indlela imithetho enyanzelelwa ngayo kwaye ivavanywa ngayo imingeni, sixhobisa abafundi ulwazi olufunekayo ukuze babandakanye ngokufanelekileyo nabantu kunye nenkqubo engomthetho.

Ukuqonda Ukunyanzeliswa Komthetho

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kubandakanya iinkqubo, abameli, kunye nabasebenzi abasebenza ngokukhusela, ukufumanisa, nokuphanda umsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho. Umlinganiselo wawo unwenwela kumaziko amapolisa asekuhlaleni ukuya kutsho kwi-asethi e-odonga elifana neFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) kunye neDignomencement Administration (DEA). Emongweni wayo, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kuxhasa umthetho, umgaqo othi akukho mntu okanye inkqubo engaphezulu komthetho. Abafundisi bangazisa le ngcamango ngokuchaza indaleko yembali yeProvies, ukususela kwiinkqubo zakudala zoomatilomzelishini ezikhoyo. Ukuqonda le ndaleko kunceda abafundi babone ukugcinwa komthetho njengenkqubo esebenzayo elungele ukusetyenziswa kwemali.

ISisakhelo Sasemthethweni

Ukugcinwa kwemithetho kulawulwa yimigaqo yomgaqo-siseko, imithetho engokomthetho, kunye nomthetho wetyala. EUnited States, uMphengululo wesine ukhusela ukuphengululwa nokuxhuzulwa okungekho ngqiqweni, ukuHlazwa kweMpatho-mda wesihlanu kuqinisekisa inkqubo efanelekileyo, kwaye iSiHlanziso seSithandathu siqinisekisa ilungelo lokuvavanywa ngokusesikweni. Le migaqo ifundiswa kwiiklasi zezentlalo-ntle kodwa idla ngokungekho ngqiqweqweni. Ukwenza ukuba icace, abafundisi-yo isenokusebenzisa iimeko ezinjengendlela yokuyeka ukuqhuba okanye ukuphendla imfuneko yokubonisa indlela yokukhusela amalungelo abantu ngabanye. Umzekelo, igosapho kufuneka sibe nesiqinisekiso okanye isiqinisekiso sokufuna imvume yokufuna imvume yokufumana imvume, nto leyo ebangela umlinganiselo phakathi kokhuseleko lukawonke nenkululeko yobuqu.

Indima Yokunyanzeliswa Komthetho

Ukuqonda le migangatho kunceda abafundi baqonde indlela inkqubo esingatha ngayo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukunyanzelwa koMthetho Wasekuhlaleni

Imisebenzi yabo iquka ukujikeleza kwemimandla, ukuphendula amaxeba ongxamiseko, ukuqhuba ulawulo lwezitrato, ukuphanda ngezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zempahla. Ngenxa yokuba besondele kakhulu kuluntu, amagosa asekuhlaleni adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakheni ukuthembana nokuthetha ngemicimbi efana nengxolo okanye ukonakalisa izinto.

Ukunyanzelwa komthetho weRhulumente

Amasebe karhulumente, afana noogada beendlela ezinde okanye abasebenzi bephondo abahlola uphando, abasingatha ulwaphulo-mthetho olunqamleza imida kamasipala okanye olufuna oovimba abakhethekileyo. Banyanzelisa imithetho yeenqwelo-moya kwiindlela eziselubalaleni, banceda amasebe asekuhlaleni ngokuphanda okukhulu, kwaye bongamele ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kwiindawo ezifana nokungcakaza nolawulo lotywala. Amapolisa aseburhulumenteni asoloko aneerabhoratori ezixhasa amaziko amancinane.

Ukunyanzelwa komthetho osisigxina

Amasebe omanyano anyanzelisa imithetho yesizwe, enjengeyokufuduka, ubugrogrisi, ukurhwebelana ngeziyobisi, kunye nezobugqhinga. ISebe lezeMithetho (DOJ) lijonge amaqumrhu aquka iFBI, iBureau of Alcohol, iFod, iFiremordals ne-Explosives (ATF), kunye ne-U. Isebe ngalinye linegunya elikhethekileyo loburhulumente. Umzekelo, iFBI iphengulula ulwaphulo-mthetho nokhuseleko lombuso lwesizwe, ngelixa i-DA igxininisa ekunyanzelweni kweziyobisi.

Iimbopheleleko zamagosa anyanzelisayo omthetho

Amagosa omthetho athwele umthwalo onzima wembopheleleko. Imisebenzi yawo idlulela ngaphaya kokunyanzeliswa kwemithetho equka ukukhusela ubomi, ukugcina intembelo yoluntu, nokuphakamisa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Imbono ebanzi yemfundo ifanele igubungele ezi nkalo zilandelayo.

  • Ukukhusela kolwaphulo-mthetho nokhuselo lwedeteroli – ukujikeleza okusebenzayo, ukudibana koluntu, kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela ulwaphulo-mthetho ezifana ne-Adelaide Watch.
  • Impendulo ekhawulezayo – ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwiingozi, iintlekele zemvelo, kunye nezisongelo ezisebenzayo, ezidla ngokufuna umanyano nabanye abaphendulayo.
  • Iinvestigies – ukuqokelela ubungqina, ukubuza amangqina, kunye namatyala okwakha akhokelela ekubambeni nasekutshutshisweni.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imposiso yonyanzeliso-mandla – ukunyanzela imithetho yendlela ukunciphisa iingozi kunye neengozi, kuquka iincopho zokuhlola i-DUI kunye nokugcinwa kwesantya.
  • Isiqinisekiso se- Isiqinisekiso segumbi lokufundela – ubungqina obunika ubungqina kunye nobungqina phantsi kwesifungo, obusoloko bunganqamleza ngokuvavanywa ngamagqwetha akhuselayo.
  • iCommunity Relations - - ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso zasekuhlaleni, kwiinkqubo zesikolo, kunye nokufumana kukawonke-wonke ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano nokubonakala.

Uqeqesho Nokulungiselela

Ukuba ngumphathi womthetho kufuna uqeqesho olungqongqo. Iingxelo ezininzi zifuna ukugqitywa kwenkqubo yesikolo samapolisa egquma umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho, iindlela zokukhusela, ubuchule bemipu, imisebenzi yezithuthi zongxamiseko, kunye nobuchule bokuphelisa ubuchule bokwenza utyando. Izikolo ezininzi ngoku ziquka uqeqesho lobugxwayiba ukuze kulungiswe iziganeko ezibandakanya impilo yengqondo. Ukuqhubeka kwemfundo kunyanzelekile, namagosa asoloko ehlaziya ubuchule kwiindawo ezifana nezithethe kunye nemizekelo emitsha esemthethweni. Ukugxininisa olu qeqesho kwiklasi kunokuphelisa ingcamango yokuba i-Propplication ithetha nje ngokomelela komzimba; kukunyanzela ubuchule nokusebenza kwesimilo.

Imigaqo-nkqubo nokuphendula

Imithetho yokuziphatha yenza isiseko somthetho wokusebenza kwamagosa omsebenzi wobugcisa. Abaphathi-mikhosi kufuneka bakhangele iimeko ezinzima apho ileta yomthetho isenokungqubana noluvo lukawonke-wonke okanye nocalucalulo lobuqu. Imigaqo engundoqo yemithetho iquka ukuthembeka, ukungakhethi, nokuphendula ityala. Ukuqinisa ezi, amasebe amaninzi aye amkela iikhamera zesiqu zomzimba ukuze abhale intsebenziswano, kwaye amaqumrhu ajonge izikhalazo ngokuchasene nabaphathi. Abafundisi-mthetho bangasebenzisa iziphene zokuthelekelela. / "ukusebenzisa iingxaki", mhlawumbi ukukhupha isilumkiso okanye isuti kumqhubi ongxamise incoko engxamisekileyo yezo zezonyango /ukuqhushumbisa incoko efuna ukumelana nobuchule. [[FLT:] Intlangano ye-International Coantsting of Priverties of Polist [[FLT]] inikeza izikhokelo zendlela ezidings.

Iinkqubo EziseMthethweni

Imigaqo esesikweni iqinisekisa ukuba abaphathi basebenza ngokuzingisileyo nangokusemthethweni. Ezi nkqubo zifundiswa esikolweni kwaye ziqiniswa ngemigaqo-nkqubo yamasebe. Ukuqonda kunceda abafundi babone indlela umthetho osetyenziswa ngayo.

Iindlela Zokubanjwa

Kufuneka kusekelwe kwisizathu esilindelekileyo ````inkolelo esengqiqweni yokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho luye lwenzeka nokuba umkrokrele ulwenzile. Amagosa azisa abarhanelwa ngamalungelo abo (isilumkiso) phambi kokuncinwa kwegunya. Inkqubo yokubanjwa iquka ukubhaliswa, ukuchola iminwe, nokufotwa, emva koko okrokrelayo ukhululwa ngebheyile okanye ugcinwe ejikelezwe kwimbonakalo yenkundla. Abafundisi-bafundisi-zincwadi bangaqhatha ukubanjwa ukuze babonise ukulandelelana nokulandelelana nemfuno esemthethweni.

Phendla kunye nokuLahla

UHlomelo lwesine lukhusela ekuphandeni okungekho ngqiqweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amagosa kufuneka afumane isiqinisekiso esisekelwe kwisizathu esinokwenzeka, kodwa ngaphandle kwesizathu esikhoyo: ukuphengulula, imfundiso ecacileyo, ukukhangela isiganeko sokubanjwa, kunye neemeko ezicacileyo. Umahluko ngamnye unemida. Umzekelo, ukumiswa kweenqwelo-mafutha kuvumela ukuphengululwa okulinganiselweyo kwekhompathimenti ukuba igosa linokukrokrala izixhobo. Ukufundisa ezi nkcukacha kunceda abafundi baqonde amalungelo abo ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kumiswe ngamapolisa.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemigca yezikhokelo zemikhosi

Ukusetyenziswa komkhosi ngomthetho kulawulwa ngumgaqo wokulungelelanisa. Ityala leNkundla ePhakamileyo Graham v. Connor iqiniselwe ukuba amandla kufuneka aqiqe ngokufanelekileyo anikwe iimeko. Abaphathi-mikhosi baqeqeshelwe kwinkqubela-phambili esuka kwimiyalelo ephuma kumandla abulalayo, kwaye kufuneka bakwazi ukuchaza ukuba kutheni umgangatho othile wamandla uyimfuneko. Ingxubusho yemfundo kufuneka igqume de-indlela zokunciphisa imfuneko yokunyanzelisa. GOMDY ibonelela ukusetyenziswa komkhosi imodeli ye-odenti ye-octivestings.

Ukuncinwa Nokuvuma Iimpazamo

Ukungxwabanisa kwenzelwe ukukhupha inkcazelo yenyaniso ngexa ihlonela amalungelo okrokrelekileyo. Ubuchule kufuneka buphephe ukunyanzelwa; ukuvunywa kwezono zempazamo kuye kwaba yingxaki enkulu xa uxinzelelo lwengqondo lusetyenziswa ngamandla. UMendanda[ umthetho ufuna ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba kulungile ukuhlala uthulile nokuba negqwetha elikhoyo. Abafundisi-oo bangahlola amatyala ophawu afana MRANDA v. kwaye baxubushe ngesizathu sokuba kukhuselwe ukuzimela ngokuzingcangcama ngokwakho kusekho okubalulekileyo.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yoLuntu

Amapolisa oluntu afuna ukutshintshwa komthetho osebenza ngokuhambelana. Endaweni yokusabela nje kwiimfonomfono, amagosa akha ulwalamano nabemi, abanini-shishini, nezikolo zokuchonga iingxaki ezisisiseko. Ii-Strateging ziquka amajoni ahamba ngeenyawo, amaqumrhu oluntu, iinkqubo zolutsha ezifana namaManyano amapolisa, kunye namanyathelo alungisa iingxaki anjengokuqwalasela iindawo ezishushu zolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ngokwemfundo, amapolisa asekuhlaleni anikela uphando oluninzi ngemiba eninzi ngentsebenziswano. Izikolo zingamema amagosa ukuba athethe ngeendima zawo zoluntu, alungelelanise iinkqubo zokukhwela abafundi abakhulileyo, okanye asungule “isikolo esinemfundo ephezulu” apho abafundi bafunda indlela amapolisa asebenza ngayo. La mava alulayo amapolisa kwaye akhuthaza abafundi ukuba bajonge amagosa njengabancedisi kunokuba batshabale. Xa abafundi beqonda ukuba abaphathi baqeqeshelwe ukusebenza nokukhusela, badla ngokusebenzisana ngexesha lobuhlobo.

Iinkqubo Zemfundo Ezingomthetho Onyanzelwayo

Ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa komthetho kwiklasi kufuna ukucwangcisa kakuhle. Iinkqubo eziphumelelayo ziquka ukufunda izinto eziluncedo.

Uhlaziyo

Abafundisi bangafaka iingcamango zomthetho ekunyanzelweni komthetho kwizifundo zentlalo, izaphuli-mthetho ezinyulwayo, okanye kwanamaqela esiNgesi ngokubhala ngokunyanzelisayo malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo. Umzekelo, iqela elikumGaqo-siseko lingaquka ukuvavanywa kwenkohliso apho abafundi abadlala indima njengomtshutshisi, amagqwetha, namangqina. Enye indlela kukusebenzisa uMthetho onyuliweyo, onika izixakeko zokwenene zeli hlabathi ukwenzela ingxoxo yeklasi.

Abathethi Neentsimi Ezintle

Ukumema abafundi ukuba bathethe abanyamekeli bomthetho ukuba banike abafundi ingqiqo ephambili kwimisebenzi kunye neengxaki. Amagosa angaxubusha ngemisetyenzana yabo yemihla ngemihla, uqeqesho, kunye nezigqibo zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha abajamelana nazo. Uhambo lwasentsimini kwizikhululo zamapolisa, kwiinkundla zenkundla, okanye kumaziko okuvalelwa kwabantwana anikela iziphumo ezisemva kwemiboniso ejongekile. Ukuya kwindlu yenkundla kuvumela abafundi ukuba baqwalasele ezona zinto, ezibangela ukuba ubomi babo bubonakale njengobumsulwa kunye nomthwalo wokungqina.

Imfaniso yemock

Izimo ezicatshuliweyo `njengendawo yokumisa iimoto, uphando lolwaphulo-mthetho, okanye ukuchotshelwa kwenkundla yetyala') zinceda abafundi ukuba basebenzise ulwazi. Ngokomzekelo, ulwaphulo-mthetho oluhlekisayo lungafundisa ukuqokelelwa kobungqina kunye nokugcinwa kwetyala. Ukuthotywa kwemfaniso emva kokukhuthaza iinjongo zokufunda nokuvumela abafundi ukuba bacinge ngobugocigoci bomthetho.

Iingenelo Zemfundo Enyanzelwayo Yomthetho

Ukufundisa abafundi ngokugcinwa komthetho kunika abantu ngabanye nabantu abahlala kunye iingenelo eziliqela zexesha elide.

  • Ukwakhiwa kobumi – Abafundi abayiqondayo inkqubo yomthetho badla ngokuwuhlonela umthetho baze basebenzise amalungelo abo ngokufanelekileyo.
  • Isivumelwano sobugcisa – Ulwazi lwamapolisa lukhuthaza ukuba nenxaxheba kulawulo lwasekuhlaleni, kumsebenzi wokuchophela amatyala, nokuvota kwiinguqu zobulungisa.
  • Ukwalathisa kobungcali [[FLT:] – ukutyhalela kwimisebenzi yokunyanzelisa umthetho kuvula iindlela kubafundi abacinga iindima njengamagosa amapolisa, abameli beFBI, abahlalutyi abangeyomfuneko, okanye abaxhasi bomthetho.
  • Ukuqukunjelwa kokungagqibeki - ngokufunda ngoqeqesho, indlela yokuziphatha, kunye neenkqubo, abafundi bathatha indawo yogcino-lwazi olungaqhelekanga ngokuqonda okuchanileyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuthemba Ulwakhiwo – Imfundo ejikelezwe kakuhle ingavala umsantsa phakathi koluntu namapolisa, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho ukuthembana kuthe kwaphela.

Ucelomngeni Ekunyanzelweni Komthetho

Phezu kwako nje ukubaluleka kwawo, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kujamelana nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo abafundisi - ntsapho abafanele balucombulule ngokunyanisekileyo.

Umgaqo-nkqubo Kawonke-wonke Nokuthemba

Uhlolo lubonisa ukuba nangona abemi abaninzi bexhasa ukugcinwa komthetho, inxalenye ebalulekileyo ivakalelwa kukuba bayakoyika okanye abathembani. Ukufundisa ngale miba kufuna umahluko: ukuvuma ukungaphumeleli ngoxa beqonda imigudu yamagosa amaninzi okulungisa nokuphucula.

Akukho Zinto

Amasebe amaninzi amapolisa atsala nzima ekuthintelweni koqingqo-mali okukhokelela ekusebenziseni imali encinane, kwizixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha, nakuqeqesho olungelulo. Amasebe asemaphandleni asoloko engafumani mvume yokufumana ii-labhu ze-obsic okanye iingcali zempilo yengqondo. Ingxubusho yemfundo ingahlola indlela imigaqo-nkqubo efana nokuthoba okanye ukuthomalalisa inkcitho yemali imihla ngemihla, kwaye abafundi banokuphanda ngoqingqo-mali lwesebe lasekuhlaleni.

Ukwahluka Kobuhlanga Nentlalo

Umthetho odibanisayo kwimimandla encinane kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu wentolongo kubantu abanombala ophezulu ubalaselisa ukungalingani kwemigaqo-nkqubo. Inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho ayibonakali. Abaqeqeshi bangasebenzisa idata evela kwi-Bureau of Justice Statistics ukuvavanya ukunqanda ukuhla kokwahluka kweenqwelo-moya okanye ukunyanzeliswa kweziyobisi. Noko ke, kubalulekile ukulungiselela ezi ngxubusho ngobuchule, ukugxininisa kwiinguquko ezifana nokuqeqeshwa kocalucalulo olucacileyo kunye nolawulo logcino-data oluno olunolwalulo.

Ukuhambela phambili kobugcisa nolwaphulo-mthetho

Iminyaka yamanani inika ucelomngeni olutsha: ubusela ngamanani, i-fastware, ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana kwi-intanethi, kunye nokujongwa kwamanani. Umthetho kufuneka uqhubeke uqhelanisa uphando lolwaphulo-mthetho oluphezulu lodwa ngexesha ulungelelanisa inkxalabo yezobucala. IZiko lesizwe leJaji izimali zophando olungothintelo lwekhompyutha kunye nolwemichiza, ukubonelela ngemizekelo yokwenene yendlela ezenzeka ngayo iprojekthi.

Ukucombulula Iingxaki Ngemfundo

Imfundo sisixhobo esinamandla sokucombulula ezi ngxaki. Ngokukhuthaza incoko enolwazi, othisha bangalungiselela abafundi ukuba babe ziinkcuba - buchopho ezigxekayo nabameli abafuna utshintsho. UCurricula kufuneka aquke ukubuyisela uqheliselo lobulungisa, apho abafundi bafunda ezinye iindlela zokuphendula ezigxininisa ukubuyiselwa komohlwayo. Iinkampani ezijongene nocalulo kunye nelungelo zinokubanceda abafundi baqonde imibandela yenkqubo. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo ezizisa abafundi kunye namagosa amapolisa kwincoko evulayo ("enjenge “Coffee ngeziganeko ze Cop" eziphambili eziphambili zemfundo."

Okokugqibela, abafundisi-mfundo kufuneka bakhuthaze abafundi ukuba bahlole imisebenzi yomthetho nokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke. Ibala libamkela ngokuqhubekayo abantu abanomlinganiselo wobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho, wengqondo, wemisebenzi yentlalo, nowokuhlalutya ugcino-lwazi. Ngokususa umsebenzi, imfundo inceda ukuba kubekho umchwethezi wabantu abacinga kakuhle, abanemilinganiselo efanelekileyo.

Isiphelo

Ukugcinwa kwemithetho akuyonkqubo ephunyezwa ngamagosa; yisivumelwano soluntu esiqinisekisa ucwangco, ubulungisa, kunye nokhuseleko. Ngokwemfundo, ukufundisa ngomthetho, kuxhobisa abafundi ngolwazi lokulawula amalungelo abo kunye neembopheleleko, ukuqonda ubuntlola benkqubo yokusesikweni, kwaye negalelo ngokunentsingiselo kuluntu lwabo. Ngezifundo ezibanzi eziquka imbali, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, iinkcukacha zolwazi, kunye neengxaki zanamhlanje, abafundisi-mfundo banokuhlakulela isizukulwana esijongene nomthetho ngethuba bekhuthaza utshintsho olufanelekileyo. Ngokwenjenjalo, sifaka ibhulo lomsantsa phakathi komthetho noluntu, sikhuthaza ukuthemba kunye nentsebenziswano oluqinisa uluntu lonke.