Ukwazisa: Isiseko Sokhuseleko Loluntu

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho wezaphuli-mthetho kusisiseko sebutho elisebenzayo, elisebenza ngokusemthethweni ekukhuseleni, ekuphandeni, nasekuthinteleni ulwaphulo-mthetho ngoxa kuxhaswa umthetho. Ukusuka kumasebe asekuhlaleni amapolisa ukuya kumaqumrhu orhulumente anjengeFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) kunye neDignogractive Administration Administration (DEA), la maqumrhu asebenza ngokusemthethweni ukukhusela abemi bomzinzo nokuzisela abaphuli-mthetho esesikweni. Le ngxelo ihlola iindlela ezingundoqo ezisetyenziswa ngumthetho wale mihla. Imeko yolwaphulo-mthetho iye yatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kwiminyaka emibini edluleyo, iqhutywa zizinto zobugcisa, ukudityaniselwa kwezazulu, kunye neeprojekthi zezomthetho.

Ukugcinwa komthetho okusebenzayo akuthethi nje ngokubanjwa nokubekwa ityala; kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwendlela entsonkothileyo yokuthintela, ukudibana koluntu, ukuhlanganisana ngobulumko, kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezingokokuziphatha. Izithintelo ziphezulu: ukungaphumeleli kokugcinwa komthetho kusenokukhokelela ekuphathweni kwexhoba, ukukhukuliseka kwentembelo yoluntu, kunye nezidubedubedube zentlalo. Ukuqonda indlela amaziko asebenza ngayo kunye nalapho azama khona ukuba abenzi benkqubo, iinkokeli zoluntu, kunye nabemi ngokufanayo. Ngokuhlola amatyala okwenyaniso kunye nolwazi olusemgangathweni, sinokubona oko kuyimfuneko ekuphuculweni kwemithetho yolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukuqonda Umthetho Onyanzelwa Ngabenzi Bolwaphulo - mthetho

Umthetho onyanzelisa ukuba umthetho unyanzeliswe uquka uludwe lwemisebenzi eyenziwa ngabasemagunyeni abagunyazi borhulumente. Oku kuquka ukugada okusebenzayo, ukusabela kwiziganeko, uhlalutyo lwezehlo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-onesithe, kunye nophando olude lwexesha elide olujolise ekuhlaseleni ulwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo, ubugrogrisi, kunye nezisongelo zekhompyutha. Umthetho osebenza ngomthetho uchazwa ngokukhuselwa, umthetho wezomthetho, kunye nolawulo lwezomthetho. EUnited States, iSihlalo-sesithathu soMdathu sokuHlulo silawula nokuqhwanga, ngoxa iDe5 neSihlalo-6 seMithelela-Mmiselo siqinisekisa inkqubo efanelekileyo kunye nelungelo lokunikwa icebiso ngomthetho.

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kwahlulwe ngokwesiqhelo ngokwamanqanaba amathathu: umgangatho wasekuhlaleni (wamapolisa asekuhlaleni kunye nowaseluhlazweni), urhulumente (ophando lwaseburhulumenteni, amabhunga aphezulu ophando), kunye norhulumente (FBI, DEA, Bungameli botywala, iToba, i-Firsivers kunye ne-Flosives, iSebe loKhuselo lweNtlango). Umgangatho ngamnye unolawulo oluhlukeneyo kunye nezibonelelo, kodwa usoloko uncedisana kwimikhosi yemisebenzi yomsebenzi kunye nemisebenzi edibeneyo. Impumelelo yalo naliphi na ixhomekeke ekunxibelelaneni miyalelo, ukwabelana, nokunamathela kwimilinganiselo esemthethweni. Umzekelo, [[FLT.0] Isebe leSebe loKhuseleko loLugwebi lweMimiselo [FLS:1] linikezela kwaye lixhasa ukusetyenziswa kophando oluthe ngqo

Amaqhinga Aphambili Emithetho Yokwaphula Umthetho

Amaziko agunyazisa umthetho anamhlanje asebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela ulwaphulo-mthetho, izaphuli-mthetho, kunye nokwakha abantu abakhuselekileyo. Ngoxa kungekho ndlela inye esebenzayo kuzo zonke iimeko, uphando noqheliselo luye lwachaza iindlela eziluncedo kakhulu. Ngapha koko sihlolisisa iindlela ezintandathu ezingundoqo, nganye inezigqibo ezinamandla nezinokusetyenziswa kwayo.

UMthetho weSizwe

I-Profethi yasekuhlaleni imela ukuguqulwa komthetho osetyenziswa ngokwesithethe wokusebenza kwezenzo zobunyani, imodeli esekelwe kwisithethe. Amagosa anikwa imimandla ethile kangangexesha elide, evumela ukuba bakhe ukuthembana nabemi, abaninizoshishino, neenkokeli zoluntu. Iintlanganiso ezithe rhoqo, iintlanganiso, kunye neengxaki ezitshintshayo zeengxaki zokulawula izithuthi, izithuthi zemoto zithathe indawo yezomthetho okhoyo. Uphando lubonise ukuba amapolisa anokunciphisa ukoyika ulwaphulo-mthetho, andise ukubika amapolisa, aphucule ukufaneleka. umqondiso wesigqeba eliphetheyo lobupolitiki Uphando [[FUM:1]]

Noko ke, ukugcinwa kwamapolisa asekuhlaleni kufuna utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kuqeqesho, abasebenzi, kunye nexesha elikhoyo.

Ipolitiki ebekwe ngobuntlola

Amapolisa aqikeleliswe ngobuntlola (ILP) asebenzisa ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kunye nohlalutyo ukuchonga abantu abaphezulu, iindawo, kunye namanxuwa olwaphulo-mthetho. Kunokuba aphendule zonke iindwendwe ngokulinganayo, amaqumrhu amisela oovimba abasekelwe kwiingxelo zobuntlola. Le ndlela yabonwa eUnited Kingdom kwaye kamva yasetyenziswa yiU. amaziko okulwa nokuthengiswa kweziyobisi, ubugrogrisi, kunye nogonyamelo lwamaqela. ILP ixhomekeke kumaziko adibanisa ulwazi olusuka kwimithombo emininzi yezolwaphulo-mthetho, kuquka iingxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho, ukwazisa, kunye nee-data eziseko-olwazi olungenamsebenzi.

Enye impumelelo ephawulekayo yayiquka i-Joint Terrorism Task Forces ze-FBI, ezasebenzisa i-ILP ukuphazamisa amaqhinga amaninzi ngaphambi kokuba abulawe. Abahlalutyi, noko ke, balumkisa ukuba ukuhlanganisana kobulumko kunokuphazamisana nenkululeko yabemi ukuba akunako ukuphatha kakuhle. Isitshixo kukugcina isiseko esicacileyo somthetho kunye nolawulo oluzimeleyo, njengoko kuchazwe kwi- cundices ezisuka kwi-Electronic Foundation

Inkcubeko eQumrhu

Ingxaki yobupolisa (POP) ihamba ngaphaya kwentshukumo yesiganeko ukucombulula iimeko ezisisiseko ezibangela ulwaphulo-mthetho. Abaphathi-mthetho bahlaziywa ngeengxaki eziphindaphindwayo . njengokurhwebelana ngeziyobisi kwipaki ethile, ukuqhekeza ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwisakhiwo esithile, okanye ubufebe kwisitrato esithile (ye kwaye iphuhlisa izicombululo eziqhelekileyo. Ezi zicombululo zingabandakanya ukwenziwa kwemekobume (umz., ukukhanyisa okungcono, ukususa iimoto ezishiyweyo), iinkonzo zoluntu (umz., ukudibanisa izisulu zonyango ukuze zinyange), okanye izenzo zokunyanzelisa ezijonge abakhohliweyo ziphinda iimpaka.

Imodeli ye-SARA (Uvavanyo, uhlalutyo, uphengululo, iAssessment) luyisiseko esisezantsi se-POP. Uhlolo lufumanise ukuba i-POP inciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi kunemigangatho yokulinda, ingakumbi kwiingxaki ezinganyangekiyo. Umzekelo, iprojekthi kwisiXeko sase Jersey, eNew Jersey, iphumeze unciphiso lwe- 34% kulwaphulo-mthetho logonyamelo ngokubhekisa kwimimandla ephezulu kunye nezenzo. Icandelo lombuso leJaji yeJaji lipapashe ukhokelo oluninzi lokusebenza kwe-POP kumazwe ahlukeneyo.

Ukwenziwa kwento yobugcisa

Ubuxhakaxhaka buye baguqula amandla okugcinwa komthetho. Iikhamera ezihambayo, ipleyiti yelayisensi ezenzekelayo, iinkqubo zokufumanisa ukudutyulwa kwemipu, kunye nemisebenzi ye-drone zinika uluvo lokwenene lwexesha ebekungacingwanga ukuba likho kwisizukulwana esidlulileyo. I-software yokuzoba i-CPU ivumela abahlalutyi ukuba bachaze amachaphaza-magama ashushu kunye noovimba bogcino-lwazi ngokwendlela. Iithelekelelo lwemoto ezijikelezayo zinika abaphathi-ofisi unikezelo olukhawulezileyo lwezithutho, ubhaliso lwemoto, kunye nembali zolwaphulo-mthetho. Kutshanje, kuxelwe ukuba kuxelwe ukuba ii-alytictics kunye nobuchule bokuyila ukuba kubonwe apho ulwaphulo-mthetho lunokwenzeka.

Ngeli xesha ezi zixhobo zinyusa inkxalabo ephawulekayo yobuqu. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kobugcisa bokuphawula ubuso, umzekelo, kuye kwakhokelela ekubambeni okuphosakeleyo nasekuphathweni kobuxhakaxhaka. Ii-atting kufuneka zilungelelanise uphuhliso lobugcisa kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ekhanyayo, igalelo loluntu, kunye nolawulo olungqongqo ukuze kugcinwe ukuthembana. Uphando loMbutho lwezobugcisa bobupolisa [ lunika uluvo olubalulekileyo kwizenzo ezingcono zokusebenza.

Imigudu Entsonkothileyo

Akukho mbutho umnye onokulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho lwangoku kuphela. Imikhosi edityanisiweyo idibanisa ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni, urhulumente, urhulumente, kwanamaqabane amazwe ngamazwe ukwabelana ngolwazi kunye nemisebenzi yolungelelwaniso. Imizekelo iquka i-FBI’s Safe Streets Task Forces ezihlasela amaqela ogonyamelo, i-DeA’s High Infentity Drug Tragryating Areatrings (HIDTA), inkqubo, kunye nee-internetic coltic commentivecrimes. Inklications ezigqithisa zingaphaya komthetho ziquka iinkonzo zentlalo, izikolo, izikolo, nemibutho yezentlalo, ive ikwazi ukufikelela kukhuseleko lukawonke.

Enye imodeli ephumelelayo liQela le-Crisis Intervention (CIT), elibini lamapolisa kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo ukukhulula iziganeko ezibandakanya abantu abasemaxangwini. Umanyano olunjalo lungaphambukisa abantu kwinkqubo yobulungisa bezolwaphulo-mthetho bangene kunyango, lunciphise i-Icelation kunye neziphumo. International Association of Shills of Police lunikela uqeqesho kunye noovimba beenkampani abaphuhlisa iinkqubo ze-CIT.

Ipolisa elisekelwe kubungqina

Umthetho osekelwe kubungqina (EBP) ufuna ukuba abenzi bomthetho basebenzise uphando olungqongqo lwenzululwazi ukukhokela iindlela zabo, iinkqubo, kunye namaqhinga. Kunokuba bathembele kwisithethe okanye kwithuku, amasebe avavanya ukuphumelela kongenelelo ngovavanyo olulawulwayo, uhlalutyo logcino-lwazi, kunye nomlinganiselo wesiphumo. Indlela yokusebenzisa igalelo ifumene umbulelo kwimibutho efana ne iSibatha seMigaqo-nkqubo yeCrime esekelwe kwiMicimbi yeMbali [ kwiYunivesithi yeGeorge Mason, ebandakanya uphando lokwazisa ukuqhelisa.

I-EBP iqinise amaqhinga athile (umz., ukunqanda okugxininisiweyo kogonyamelo lweqela) kwaye yalahla amanye (umz., ukujikeleza okungacwangciswanga akunasiphumo esincinane solwaphulo-mthetho). Ngokuseka inkcubeko yokuhlola, amaqumrhu anokunikezela ubuncwane obulinganiselweyo ngokuphumelelayo kwaye aphucule ukuphendula. Noko ke, i-EBP ifuna amandla obugcisa, uqeqesho, kunye nokuvuma ukuguqula indlela xa ubungqina buphikisana nobulumko obuqhelekileyo.

Ucelomngeni Olujamelene Nokunyanzelwa Komthetho

Phezu kwako nje ukufumaneka kwamaqhinga aqinisekisiweyo, amaqumrhu okunyanzelisa umthetho ajongene nemiqobo emikhulu enokuphazamisa ukuphumelela kwawo. Olu celomngeni lusuka ekunqongopheleni koovimba okungapheliyo ukuya kwiingxaki ezintsonkothileyo ezingokwasemthethweni nezendlela yokuziphatha. Ukuwalungisa kubalulekile kwimpilo yexesha elide yenkqubo yezobulungisa.

Akukho Zinto

Imiqathango yoqingqo-mali ingumba ozingisileyo wamasebe amaninzi, ingakumbi kwimiqathango emincinci. Ukugawulwa kwemali kukhokelela kwizixhobo ezingaphantsi kwe-ofisi, izixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha, nakumathuba amancinane okuqeqesha. Abaphathi-mikhosi banciphile, banyanzelekile ukusingatha ukuthwaliswa kwetyala ngabantu abambalwa abasebenza nabo. Uxinezeleko olubangelwa kukonza ukudinwa, ukujijwa okuphezulu, nokungaphindwa kakuhle. Ngo-202020, uphando lwamapolisa alawulayo iForum lwanikela ingxelo yokuba abameli abaninzi babetsala nzima ukuzalisa izikhundla, kunye nenani elingaphezu kwe-10%.

Utyalo-mali lobugcisa, lo gama luyimfuneko, lubiza imali eninzi. Inkqubo yekhamera yomzimba ingabiza amakhulu amawaka eerandi ngonyaka, kwaye ugcino lwenkqubo yokuthumela okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho olukwikhompyutha lufuna inkxaso eqhubekayo. Imali yomanyano kunye noncedo lukarhulumente inganceda, kodwa zisoloko zisiza nemiqathango kwaye aziqiniseki ngonyaka ngamnye. Izivumelwano zokwakha izibonelelo phakathi kwamazwe angoommelwane zinganciphisa izithuba ezithile, kodwa umba obalulekileyo wemali efunekayo uyaqhubeka uyixhalabisa.

Umgaqo-nkqubo Kawonke-wonke Nokuthemba

Imbono engalunganga kawonke-wonke ingenza ukuba uluntu lungakwazi ukuthobela imigudu yomthetho. Xa uluntu lungawathembi amapolisa, mancinane amathuba okuxela ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukusebenzisana nophando, okanye ukukhonza njengamangqina. Iziganeko eziphezulu ze-profile ezinamandla agqithisileyo, ukukhuthuza, kunye nokunganyaniseki kuthe konakalisa intembelo, ingakumbi phakathi kwabemi abambalwa. Ilifa lokungekho sikweni ngokwembali, njengemfazwe yeziyobisi nemigaqo-mthetho yokuyeka ngogonyamelo, liyaqhubeka likrutha ulwalamano olubi.

Ukwakha kwakhona intembeko kufuna ukuba kubekho ukubonakala, ukuphendulana, nokuziphendulela ngokunyaniseka. Iikhamera zomzimba, iibhodi zolawulo lwasekuhlaleni, kunye nokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi ezimekweni nasebanjweni kunganceda. Kodwa eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokulungisa kukusebenzisana okungaguquguqukiyo, okubonisa intlonelo ekukhonzeni onke amalungu ebutho labantu ngokulinganayo. Imisebenzi emisela imigaqo yokulunga kwesizwe ngokusesikweni.

Ukuhambela phambili kobugcisa nolwaphulo-mthetho

Kwaezi zixhobo zisebenzisa ubuchule bokusebenza komthetho zinika amandla amagosa omthetho amandla. ICybercrime, equka ukubiwa kwentelekelelo, ubuqhetseba kwi-intanethi, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana, iye yagqashuka ngomcimbi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemida engaqhelekanga. Izaphuli-mthetho zisebenza ngokufihlakeleyo, zisebenzisa unxibelelwano olufihlakeleyo, ukufihla, kunye neentengiso ezimnyama. Iindlela zophando zakudala azinakukwazi ukulandelela aba badlali.

Amasebe agunyazisa umthetho akhuphisana nemivuzo yamalungu omthetho ukuze atsale aze agcine iingcaphephe zezobugcisa, kodwa uqingqo-mali lusoloko lusilela. Ngaphezu koko, umgaqo-nkqubo womthetho ojikeleze ubungqina be-amanani . njengokuvumela i-data emafu okanye ukuvulwa kwemida ye-openthi ye-CYber Division unikezelo oluphawulekayo, isantya sotshintsho lwezobugcisa sifuna utshintsho oluqhubekayo kunye nentsebenziswano yehlabathi lonke. I-National Institute of the Security neCybersureal mory Office inikeza izikhokelo ezinokuthi umthetho uqhubekeke kwinjongo yotshintsho kunye nenkcelo.

Ukuntsonkotha Kwemibutho Yezaphuli - mthetho

Amaziko anamhlanje ezaphuli-mthetho athe athe ngcu, asebenza kwimida yezizwe ngezizwe ngemida, amaqumrhu asemthethweni, kunye nengeniso ezahlukahlukeneyo. Amaqela eziyobisi, iinkqubo zokurhwebelana kwabantu, kunye namaqumrhu ekhompyutha asebenzisa inkqubela-phambili yezobugcisa, ukuthunga-mali, kunye nobuqhophololo ukuze axhase imisebenzi yawo. Ukuhlulwa kwezi ntlangano kufuna uphando olude, imisebenzi ephantsi kwemiqathango, kunye nezixhobo ezithengwayo ziphulukana ixesha elininzi kunye nobuchule.

Ngaphezu koko, imigca ephakathi kwezaphuli-mthetho nemisebenzi esemthethweni maxa wambi ayicacanga. Umzekelo, imibutho yezaphuli-mthetho yamazwe ngamazwe isenokufakelwa kwifashoni yezakhawo okanye amashishini ukuze ifumane ingeniso. Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kujongene nocelomngeni lokwakha kwiimeko ezibonisa injongo yolwaphulo-mthetho ngoxa zihlonela amalungelo empahla. Imikhosi yemiba emininzi yempatho kunye nezivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe, njengaleyo incedwa INTERPOL[, ibalulekile ekusingatheni ezi zisongelo zintsonkothile.

Ukuqwalasela Okusemthethweni Nokufanelekileyo

Ukugcinwa komthetho kusebenza kumgaqo ongqongqo olungiselelwe ukukhusela amalungelo abantu. UMthetho wesine Wolwandiso ufuna isizathu esifanelekileyo sokuphengulula nokuthatyathwa, uMphengululo wesihlanu ukhusela ukungazidibanisi, kwaye iSindululo seSithandathu siqinisekisa ilungelo lokuvavanywa ngokukhawuleza nokumelwe ngomthetho. Ukulungelelanisa ukunyanzeliswa okusebenzayo nezi zikhuselo kulucelomngeni oluqhubekayo. Ukugcin ’ iliso ngokugqithisileyo kusenokukhokelela ekucinezeleni ubungqina, ukurhoxiswa kwenkolelo, kunye nokubekwa ityala kwabemi.

Ukuqwalasela okuqhelekileyo kudlulela ngaphaya kwenkundla. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukusetyenziswa kwemibutho yohlanga, kunye nokuphathwa kwabantu abachaphazelekayo (njengokuba abantu benokungabikho kwekhaya okanye begula ngengqondo) kuphakamisa imibuzo enzulu yokuziphatha. Amasebe aye asebenzisa iinkqubo zokuphelisa inkqubela-mali nokusebenzisa isiqinisekiso sokusebenza, kodwa ukuthobela kuyahluka-hluka. Ulawulo oluzimeleyo, iibhodi zabasemagunyeni, kunye neeyunithi zemicimbi zangaphakathi eziqinileyo ziyalugxeka ugcino lwengqibelelo. [ I-Community Effentificity (COPS) Isebe le-PS) Isebe le-PS [[FLT] ibonelela inkxaso kunye noncedo lwamaziko oonontlalo-mthetho.

Uhlolisiso Lomthetho Onyanzelwa Kwabanye Abantu

Imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene ibonisa indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo izicwangciso nocelomngeni. Olu hlolisiso lulandelayo lubonisa ukuphunyezwa kwempumelelo kunye nezifundo ezifundwayo kumaxa okungabikho kwengxelo.

Isifundo Sesi - 1: Amapolisa Oluntu aseRichmond, eKhalifoniya

Ekuqaleni kowama- 2000, iRichmond yayiyenye yezona zixeko ziyingozi eUnited States, enesantya sokubulala esilingana neso samadolobha amakhulu njengeChicago. Ngo-2004, isebe lamapolisa, phantsi kokhokelo olutsha, lamkela amapolisa oluntu njengentanda-bulumko yawo engundoqo. Amagosa ephondo aye kufuneka ahlale kwisixeko apho ayesebenza khona (inkqubo yomphathi-mikhosi elawula inkqubo yokhuseleko ]) kwaye anikwa isabelo sokubetha iintsimbi ezithile apho akha ulwalamano olude lwexesha elide. iintlanganiso zeveki ngeeveki zanika abahlali bengingqi ilizwi ilizwi elingqalileyo ekubekeni izinto eziphambili. Isebe lakwalisebenzisana i-ofisi engekho ngeniso ebizwa ngokuba yi-Ofiliverethi yokhuseleko lwase-AseAseAseAseAselkarventi, eyayisetyenziswa ngabaphazaphuli-manyeneyo iimfazwe zezo zolwaphulo-machigalse.

Ngo-2018, iRichmond yafumana unciphiso olungama-80% ekubulaleni, kunye nokuhla okuphawulekayo ekuphangeni nasekuhlaseleni. Ngeli xesha izinto ezininzi zifak' isandla `kuquka inkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho kunye nomgangatho wezopolitiko-orhulumente/ukutshintsha kwamapolisa oluntu kwanconywa ngokubanzi ngokuthembana kwakhona kwaye kwenza ungenelelo lobuntlola. Le meko ibonisa indlela olungahlala luhleli ngayo ulwalamano olunokoyisa nakona olona gonyamelo lunyukelweyo.

Isifundo semeko 2: Ipolitiki ebekwe ngobuntlola kunye nenethwekhi yeziyobisi e-Etrabaquero

Ngo-2018-2019, uLawulo lweziyobisi olunyanzelisayo, lusebenzisana neKhomishinala yeSizwe saseColombia kunye namanye amaqabane, lwaphumeza uthotho lwemisebenzi ehlasela uthungelwano lokurhwebelana ngeziyobisi lwe-Entabaquero, olujongene nokushenxiswa kweetoni zecocaine ukuya eUnited States naseYurophu. Ukusebenzisa ubuchule ekunikeni unxibelelwano, kunye nohlalutyo lwemali, abaphengululi bafumanisa ukuba kukho isakhiwo sokhokelo kunye nezakhiwo zezomthetho. Kunokuqhuba ukubanjwa kwezixhobo, bahlasela ngokudibanisa amazwe amaninzi, bathatha iitoni ezingaphezulu-10 zecocaine kunye nezibaso ezikwixabiso eli-25.

Le mpumelelo yayifuna ukwabelana ngolwazi oluninzi phakathi kwabameli nokunamathela kwimithetho engokwasemthethweni entsonkothileyo ukwenzela ukuqokelelwa kobungqina. Ibonisa amandla amapolisa axhotyisiweyo aqinisiweyo xa edityaniswe nentsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe. Ityala lakwabalaselisa imingeni: ezinye izikrokrozo ezithi zibhalekele ukubanjwa, kwaye uthungelwano kamva lwaphinda lwaphinda lwahlanganiswa neenkokeli ezintsha. Uxinzelelo oluqinileyo lwangqineka luyimfuneko ukuthintela ukubuya kwakhona.

Isifundo setyala 3: Igunya elichanekileyo elikwingxaki eProvidence, eRhode Island

Ngo-2015, iSebe lamapolisa eProvince laqalisa inyathelo lokuqala le-POP lihlasela iqela leembumbulu ezinxulumene neziyobisi kummandla weHartford Park. Analysts lafumanisa ukuba iziganeko ezininzi zenzeka kufuphi namaqashiso angenamntu nezakhiwo ezishiywe, ngokufuthi zibandakanya iqela elincinane labaphuli-mthetho abaphindayo. Isebe lasebenza nesebe lesixeko lokulungiselela ukuqokelela izinto ezingenayo, ukumisa izibane, nokucoca inkunkuma. Amagosa aqhuba uqeqesho olujolise kulwaphulo-mthetho oluchaziwe, ngoxa amaqabane asekuhlaleni ayenikela uqeqesho lomsebenzi kunye nonyango lokukhotyo.

Kwiminyaka emibini elandelayo, ukudubula kwindawo ehlileyo ngama-60%, kwaye ukubanjwa kweziyobisi kwasuswa kubathengisi bemigangatho yendlela ukuya kubathengisi bomgangatho ophezulu. Uphando lolwaneliseko lwaphucula ngokuphawulekayo. Le meko ibonisa ukuba ubuchule bengxaki ye-politiki bunokuba luncedo nakubuncwane obulinganiselweyo xa amaqabane elungelelaniswe kwaye izisombululo zilungiselwa iimeko zasekuhlaleni.

Ulwalathiso Lwexesha Elizayo Kumthetho Wezaphuli - mthetho

Ishumi leminyaka elizayo liya kuzisa utshintsho olukhulu kumthetho njengoko ubugcisa, inani labemi nolindelo lwentlalo luzivelela. Imikhosi elungiselela ngoku iza kukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezi ngxaki.

Uqeqesho Olwandisiweyo Nophuhliso loogcisa

Ngaphandle koqeqesho lwemfundo esisiseko, abaphathi-mikhosi kufuneka baqhubeke beqeqeshwa kwintsabelo ecacileyo, uqhelaniso olucacileyo, uphazamiso oluyinkqubo yophazamiso, kunye nongenelelo lobunzima. Uqeqesho olusekelwe kwimo yenyani kunye neemfaniso lungakha ubuchule bokwenza izigqibo obubalulekileyo ngaphandle kweziphumo zeli hlabathi lokwenene. IZiko lesizwe leJaji [ lixhasa uphando kwiindlela zoqeqesho ezisebenzayo zamapolisa, ukufumana oko kuphindaphindwa, uqheliso olusengqiqweni olungaphaya koqeqesho olusekelwe kwizifundo.

Ukwanda kongenelelo loLuntu noLawulo

Ikamva lisenokuba libandakanya ukusetyenziswa kolwazi olungakumbi lwezentlalo ngophando oluthe rhoqo, abami, kunye neebhodi zokufundisa ezinegunya lokwenene kwizigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo. Ezinye izixeko ziye zazama ukuhlawula imali edityanisiweyo yokusebenzisa amapolisa, zivumela abemi ukuba bavote izinto eziphambili. Iimodeli zequmrhu, apho abameli bengingqi bahlala kwiikomiti zoqeqesho okanye baqeqeshelwe uqeqesho loncedo kwiinkqubo zesikolo, zingenza baphinde bafumane ityala.

Ukufumana uqeqesho lobugcisa obutsha nezithintelo

Ubukrelekrele obenzileyo, ubuchule bokuyila, kunye nobugcisa bokukhupha imigca buzakuba buxhaphakile kakhulu. Noko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kufuneka kukhatshwe lukhuseleko olunamandla lwe-asteremilitis, ukukhanya okuzimelayo, kunye nophicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo. Umzekelo, i-American Civil Liberties Union ixhase ii-morediums kulwazi lwembonakalo de iimkhethe zidibane. [[FLT: 0] Iphepha lokuhlola lwe-aCLU elithe ngqo, linika uhlaluzo oluqhubekayo lwalekiso oluqhubekayo lwale miba. I-Acrotivery activess zifanele zinikezelwe ngokuvavanywa nokutshona kwenkathalo yobuchule nokutshona kwemicimbiso xa iinjongo zingadibani.

Jonga Kwimpilo Yengqondo Nokusabela Kwingxaki

Uninzi lweemeko zamapolisa lubandakanya abantu abathwaxwa ziingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Ubuchule bexesha elizayo buza kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiimodeli ezinxulumene ne-comnetic memodews ````igor'''''''''''. Igosa elisebenza ngezonyango) qhaqha, okanye ukutsalela iminxeba ethile kumaqela ahambayo. Ubungqina bangaphambili bubonisa ukuba iinkqubo ezinjalo zinciphisa ukubanjwa, ukuvalelwa ezibhedlele, nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Izixeko ezifana neDenver ne-Eugeneragon, i-Oregon, iye yaqalisa ukufikelela ezi ndlela, kwaye inkxaso yoluntu ngoogxanduva yeMbutho yeMbali yezoMbali yempilo yeMbali yezo

Utshintsho lwenkqubo kunye neenkqubo zokuphendula

Uvavanyo oluqhubekayo luza kuba lubalulekile. Utshintsho lungaquka ukusetyenziswa ngokungqongqo kwemilinganiselo yonyanzelo, uhlalutyo oluzimeleyo lomtshutshisi olufuna ukusetyenziswa kwamagosa asebenza ngokungekho mthethweni, kunye nokunyanzeleka ukuba kunikwe ingxelo yogcino-lwazi olungafanelekanga. Uphando lweSebe leJaji lokulinganisa imo-okanye iklasi, olwalungaqhelekanga kakhulu ngexesha lolawulo oluthile, lungafumana kwakhona udumo. Ngaphezu koko, imigaqo yowiso-mthetho karhulumente ingayidlulisa imithetho efuna ukukhutshwa kwamagosa alwayo. Ukwakha isithethe sokuziphendulela ngokungekho mthethweni.

Isiphelo

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho wezaphuli-mthetho kungumsebenzi onamandla nofuna inyanzelo elungelelanisa ukuphumelela nokusesikweni, ukuphuhliswa kwezinto ngokufihlakeleyo, kunye negunya kunye nokuthembeka. Iindlela ezichazwe kweli nqaku ````i-community policy, ipolitiki exhotyiswe ngeengxaki, i-protoliki ekwingxaki, ubugcisa obusetyenziswayo, imigudu yokusebenzisana, kunye nenkqubo esekelwe kubungqina . Ukuvelisa isiseko esiqinileyo sabameli bezi mini. Kodwa iingxaki zokuswela koovimba, ukungaqiniseki kwabantu, ukudiseka kwekhompyutha, amaqela amaqela ahlukeneyo, kunye nemithetho engekho mthethweni ekhoyo zizinto zikho ngokwenene kwaye ziyaqhubeka.

Amasebe aphumelele kakhulu aya kuba ngalawo ahlala ebhetyebhetye, ecace, kwaye ezimisele ngokunzulu kuluntu asebenza kulo. Ngokufaka imali ekuqeqesheni, ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezintsha ngokufanelekileyo, nangokuba nembopheleleko yokuphendula, ukunyanzelisa umthetho akunakunyanzelisa nje kuphela umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho kodwa kwakhona kuqinisa i-laphu lentlalo eyenza ukuba kubekho uluntu olukhuselekileyo. Ikamva lixhomekeke kwi-application, esekelwe kubungqina, kunye nokufikelela ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo eqonda ukuba ukhuseleko lukawonke wonke luyimbopheleleko eyahluleleneyo phakathi kwamapolisa nabantu abakhonzayo.