Ukwazisa

Amanzi acocekileyo ngumthombo olinganiselweyo phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulayo oluvela kukwanda kwabemi, ulwando lwemizi - mveliso, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Amaphulo okulondolozwa kwamanzi aye aba sisiseko semigudu yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemali nokukhuthaza imikhwa ehlala ikho phakathi kwezindlu, amashishini, kunye namaqumrhu. Noko ke, ukuqhuba iphulo kusisiqingatha se-equareyitha; ukwazi ukuba ngokwenene kuyimfuneko. Ngaphandle kovavanyo olungqongqo, imibutho ibeka engozini yoqingqo-mali olusikelweyo kwinyathelo lokusilela ukutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha, loxa ukungabikho kwethuba lokulinganisela oko kusebenza.

Ukucima iphulo lokulondoloza amanzi kudlulela ngapha kokuhlola ukuba amanzi asetyenziswa ngokugqibeleleyo kusini na. Kubandakanya ukuqonda indlela abaphulaphuli abasabela ngayo, imiqobo ethintela utshintsho olunzulu, nokuba ngaba naluphi na ugcino-mali olugqithe ngaphaya komtyhi wokuqala. Eli nqaku libeka amaqhosha, iindlela, kunye nocelomngeni oluchaza uvavanyo olunempumelelo, kunye namaqhinga asebenzayo okwenza iphulo lakho elilandelayo libe nokusetyenziswa okuthelekelelwa ngakumbi nokuphumelela ngakumbi.

Ukusuka kuMzantsintshona weMerika ukuya kumazwe asemaphandleni ase-Australia, izixeko kunye neziphakamisi-zixhobo zamanzi zijika zijonge uvavanyo logcino-lwazi ukuthethelela ukuveliswa kotyalo-mali nokucocwa kongeniso lwazo. Ngokubhekisa ingqalelo koko kusenokulinganiswa nokufundwa koko kungenakufumaneka, abaphathi bephulo lephulo bangakha irhintyela elinika iziphumo ezithe tyeleleka.

Amanani angundoqo ovavanyo

Ukufumanisa ukuba iphulo lokulondoloza amanzi liyaphumelela, abahloli bafumana intwana yomlinganiselo wombindi.

Ukuncitshiswa Kwamanzi

Esona siboniseli sithe ngqo kunciphiso oluthe ngqo kumanzi asetyenziswayo phakathi kwabemi abajoliswe kuwo. Oku kusoloko kubalwa ngokuthelekisa amanzi adibeneyo asetyenziswayo phambi, ngexesha, nasemva kwephulo, ngokufanelekileyo ngokuchasene neqela lolawulo elingalwanga ungenelelo. Intengiso zingaxelwa ngamagama apheleleyo (iigaloni okanye iilitha ezigciniweyo) okanye umntu ngamnye. Umzekelo, iphulo elikhuthaza imbalela-tolentingfini ingajolisa i 20% yamanzi angaphandle asetyenziswa kwiinyanga ezilishumi. Ukuhlola okungalawulekiyo kwemithetho yomthetho echaza ugcino-data okanye ufundo olululo olulungileyo.

Ukwazisa

Nokuba ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi akutshintshi ngokukhawuleza, iphulo lokunyusa uluvo libeka isiseko sexesha elizayo. Uphando olubalulekileyo lwezimvo ezichanekileyo zeli phulo lulinganiswa kuvavanyo lolwazi lwemiba yokungafumani manzi, impempempe, okanye imisebenzi ethile yokulondoloza amanzi. Imibuzo ingabuza abaphengululi ukuba bayayazi kusini na indlela yokuvuza okanye ngawaphi amaxesha emini alungele ukunkcenkceshela. Ulwando olubalulekileyo kwiimpendulo ezichanekileyo lubonisa ukuba okuqulethwe yiphulo lwemfundo kuyaphunyuke. [[FLT: 0] Surveys

Utshintsho Lokuziphatha

Uqaphelelo lunqabile ukusindisa amanzi; utshintsho lokuziphatha yibrorho. Iimetrics kule ndlela yeqela zisebenza ngendlela efana nokuthatha imisinga emifutshane, ukwenza imithwalo epheleleyo yempahla, ukulungisa iifluceti ezivuzayo, okanye ukunciphisa ukuphinda-phindeka komsingo womanzi. Ezi zingabanjwa ngokuzihlola ngokwazo (umz., “Uzinkcenkcelela rhoqo kangakanani umthetho wakho?” okanye uhlolo lwezobuchokoza (umz., ii-flmsssssssss). Ezinye izixhobo ezisebenzisa uphatho oluchuliweyo lwexesha lokunkcenkceshela) kodwa ngaphandle kwendlela yokulandela izikhuthulelo.

Inxaxheba

Amaqela anika izicatshulwa, ii-asethi, okanye imingeni efuna ukulandelela ukuba baphi abantu ababandakanyeka ngokwenene. Oku kuquka ukubakho kwiziganeko zoluntu, imiqondiso yophicotho-mali lwamanzi asekhaya, ukukhulula i-rebate enikezela ngemisebenzi esebenzayo, okanye ukuququzelela iinkqubo ezilandelelanayo. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kucebisa ukuba iphulo lokuthumela imiyalezo kunye neziqhagamshelanisi zokuhambisa izinto zinomtsalane. Kodwa inxaxheba yodwa ayinele; kufuneka inxulunyaniswe nemali egciniweyo yamanzi ukungqina ukusebenza. Umzekelo, inkqubo ye-rebete ehambisa iintloko zokuhlamba ezingaphantsi-10 000 zenqanawa ezihamba emanzini ifanele ilinganisele iziphumo zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi.

Isiphumo Sexesha Elide

Ulondolozo lwamanzi asingomzamo omnye onzima. Ukuziphatha “kubhinqiwe” — apho imali itshayelela khona ixesha i—is iqhelekile, ingakumbi emva kokuphelelwa kwezihlomelo okanye ukuphelelwa kwengqalelo. Ukususwa kwesantya sexesha elide kufuna ukuba imilinganiselo efanayo yenyanga okanye iminyaka emva kokuphela kwephulo. Ingaba iintloko zendlu ezisezantsi zisafakwe? Ingaba iintsapho ziyaqhubeka ukunkcenkcenkceshela kabini kuphela kweveki? Ufundo lweqela lezixhobo okanye ukuphinda-phicotha kungayibonisa ukuba imikhwa emitsha iba yeso esisigxina. [[FLT:]] ]

Iindlela zovavanyo

Kukho izixhobo nobuchule obuthile obufunekayo. Indlela yokukhetha ixhomekeke kuqingqo-mali, kugcino-lwazi olukhoyo nobunzulu bokuqonda okufunekayo.

Ugcino-lwazi lwemeyile

Ufundo lwe-meter luhlala lusemgangathweni wegolide kukulinganisa unciphiso lokusetyenziswa. Iimitha ezininzi zale mihla “ziyi-smart,” zinika ugcino-lwazi olusetyenziswayo rhoqo ngeyure okanye ngemini olunokuthelekiswa namaxesha asisiseko. Ukuqhubekeka komjelo kuyakwazi ukuva ii-omaliales ezifana nokuvuza okanye izikhonkwane ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuvavanya, kubaluleke ukulawula uguquko lwamaxesha kunye nemozulu: i-therhwawa i-afreeaflyive asebenzisa amanzi kunye neziphumo zempempempe. ulungiso olungaqhelekanga olusetyenziswa njengeentlobo zomahluko-intlobo-intlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo okanye ukuphinda-zinziswa kolunceda ukukhupha igalelo lwephulo.

Uphando kunye neMibuzo

Uhlolisiso lubalulekile kukulinganisa uphando, isimo sengqondo, kunye nokuziphatha okuzixelayo. Amacandelo e-intanethi, udliwano-ndlebe, okanye iifomu zephepha ezisasazwe kumaziko oluntu zonke zingavelisa utshintsho oluluncedo. Ukulandelela idata, uphando olufanayo kufuneka luququzelelwe phambi nasemva kwephulo. olungaqhelekanga oluqinisekisa ukumela, kwaye uphando oluhle luzikhusela kwimibuzo ekhokelayo. Umzekelo, endaweni yokubuza ukuba “Uye wanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi?” (oko kumema impendulo enqwenelekayo), buza “Kwiveki edluleyo, mangaphi amaxesha owankcelele ngawo umthetho wakho?" landela uphando-uphando olulungileyo lokufumana iinyanga ezintandathu kamva.

Uphando lokuqwalasela

Ngamanye amaxesha oko abantu bathi akuhambelani noko bakwenzayo. Ukujonga okuthe ngqo — okufana nokuhamba koommelwane ekuseni ukubona umfefi wesinyithi esetyenziswa okanye evavanya i-xeriscads eyakhiwe ngomphantsi wenyaniso. Iinkqubo ze-cell kunye nabemi benzululwazi zingalinganisa uhlolo lwamatsha - ntliziyo abhalisa uluntu. Ingqwalasela ziluncedo kakhulu kusetyenziso lwamanzi asendlwini [[[FLT: 1], oludla ngokuba nengxelo yorhwebo lwama-50% okanye ngaphezulu kwimimandla eyinkqamla.

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Nokuzinikela

Iziganeko ezikwiphepha le khalenda, ii-at, ii-asmethi zesicelo esitsha, kunye newebsite i-analytics (umz., nqakraza ku-amaphepha alishumi”) zinceda ekuququzelweni komnqophiso. Kumaphusha amanani, njengenani elivulekileyo le-imeyili, izabelana ngezixhobo zezentlalo-mbini, nexesha elichithwa kwiividiyo zemfundo linika iiprojekti ezigunyazisa kakuhle ii-awuni. Noko ke, ukubopha akuqinisekisi ukuba iziphumo zinokuba nempembelelo, kodwa ividiyo inokuba nentshukumo encinane. [[FLT] i-com'enoser-data efaka i-data ekhuphuliweyo ityhila i-data echaza ukuba yimisebenzi echaphayo egcina iimpahla.

Uphando Ngetyala Neendlela Zokuvelisa

Amanani athetha kuphela inxalenye yebali. Kuphath'amaqela agxininisayo angatyhila isizathu sokuba iphulo lisebenze okanye lingaphumeleli. Umzekelo, abemi bangavuma ukuba bangazihoyi izixhobi zeminyango kuba babenohlobo oluthile, okanye ukuba umnxeba onobuhlobo osuka kummelwane wabenza baqiniseke ukuba bafake imigqomo yemvula. Ubuchule bobuchule bokunceda ukucombulula imiyalezo kunye nokujolisa amaxhoba kwimigudu yexesha elizayo. Ukubhala ingxelo enye yempumelelo — njengonxulumano lwamakhaya olunqumle u-40% ngemingeniselo yoluntu i-— kwakhona kusebenza njengengxelo enamandla yemali yemali.

Ucelomngeni Lokuhlolisisa

Nangokuba kukho imilinganiso elungeleleneyo kunye neendlela, abaqwalaseli bajongene nemiqobo engapheliyo enokuthoba iziphumo.

Ucoselelo Logcino-lwazi Nokungaguqu-guquki

Imijikelo ye-meter ephosanayo, imijikelo yokunika ingxelo engalungelelaniyo nocwangciso lwephulo, okanye ukulahleka kwe-data yeempawu zokuqesha ingazisa ingxolo. Uphando oluziingxelo luxhomekeke kucalulo lwentlalo kunye nenkumbulo ephosakeleyo. Ukunika idilesi, ukunqumla imithombo emininzi yemithombo: thelekisa amaxesha okuhlamba okuzixelayo kunye ne-data ephezulu, okanye ukuphicotha umlinganiselo omncinci we-meta ebhatiweyo. imithetho esezantsi esezantsi yentlalo-ntle yogcino-lwazi kunye nokucoca kucutha uvavanyo.

Ukhuphiswano

Ukwahlula isiphumo sephulo kwimpembelelo — njengentsalela yesixhobo sonxibelelwano yembalela, ukwanda, okanye uhlolo olutsha lokwakha lwekhowudi —si oludume kakubi. Iimvavanyo ezilawulwayo (RCT) zingumgangatho wegolide kodwa ziqheleke ngokwezobupolitika okanye ngokweemeko ezingaqondakaliyo. I-Quasi-emperingggs njengemicimbi enxulumene namaqela ethelekisekileyo okanye uhlolo lwexesha oluphazamisayo lunganika uqikelelo oluthembekileyo xa ukwenziwa kwezinto okuzenzekelayo kungekho nokwenzeka. [[FLT:] uxwebhu olunento yokwenza iziganeko zangaphandle ngexesha lephulo lunceda abaququluli bengxelo yengxelo yemicimbiso.

Ukukhangela iNgqakumba yeXesha elide

Ukulungiselela ukuxilonga iminyaka emininzi kufuna inkxaso-mali eqhubekayo kunye nokuzinikela kombutho. Ukujika kwemibhobho yemitha, okanye ukutshintsha kwephulo eliphambili kungaphazamisa ufundo olude lwexesha. Isisombululo sikukuvavanya i-email yesiqhelo: umzekelo, ukudibanisa idata yemitha neerekhodi zomanyano nabathengi kwinkqubo yolwazi lwabathengi. iipatroli zenqanawa zekomkhulu [[ kunye neeyunivesithi okanye amaqela ophando olungeyo lwengeniso anganika ukuqhubekeka okufunekayo kwizifundo zeqela lenjongo ende.

Ubungqina nomelo loLuntu

Amakhaya afumanayo anzima akwi-— elrow-infreat, abaqeshi, abathethi-lwimi olungelulo i-— basoloko bekho phantsi kohlolo kunye nogcino-lwazi olufakelwayo, kodwa banokuba nezona zincedwayo ekufumaneni kwiinkqubo zokulondoloza amaqela. Iinkqubo zokufumana ezicetywe ngokukhethekileyo ukuquka la maqela, njengokulaphulwa ngelaphu lesango ukuya kwindlu ukuya kwiminyango kwiilwimi ezininzi okanye umanyano kunye nemibutho yoluntu, ukuphucula ukugqibelela ugcino-lwazi. uqikelelo oluthelelweyo luqinisekiswe ukuphumelela okuza kumacala onke abantu.

Indima Yobugcisa Kuhlolisiso Lwale Mihla

Inkqubela ekuqokelelweni kogcino-lwazi nohlalutyo iguqula indlela amaphulo okulondolozwa aqwalaselwa ngayo.

Imilinganiselo Yamanzi Akrelekrele

Uthutho lweemitha olukrelekrele ludlulisela ugcino-lwazi olugqithisweyo kubuninzi obuphezulu, luvumela abahloli ukuba bafumane iimpendulo ezikhawulezileyo kumaphulo. Umzekelo, emva kokuthumela ingxelo esetyenziswa ngumntu, isibonelelo singabona ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwendlu kuyahla kusuku olulandelayo. Oku kuvula ucango kuvavanyo lwe-ibhayisekile , apho amaqhinga avavanywa aze ahluzwe kufutshane nexesha lokwenene. Ugcino-lwazi lwemitha lwe-Smart lukwanceda ukukhupha i-agn egumbini nasemphandleni, kunika uvavanyo oluninzi lwendlela yokuziphatha.

Ubuchule bokwenza umbane nobugcisa

Imodeli zokufunda umatshini zingabona iipakethi kugcino-lwazi olusetyenziswayo abahlalutyi abangabantu abasenokuphoswa. Imithetho-mthetho yemithetho-siseko enokuthi ikwazi ukusabela kumyalezo othile, okanye ixelise ukuba ngawaphi amanyathelo okulondolozwa kwexesha (umz., abalawuli bexesha lokuhlamba u-v. abalawuli be-atrafishini) baza kukhupha ezona zinto zikhulu zigciniweyo kwicandelo elithile labathengi. Ngelixa ezi zixhobo zifuna ubuchule, ziyafikeleleka ngakumbi kwii-ditruthi ezivulekileyo[[FLT:] kunye neenkonzo ze-alytics.

Uphando lwamanani nokuphulaphula

Endaweni yohlolo lwemfonomfono olubizayo, iziphakamiso zisetyenziswa ekufumaneni i-SMS okanye ii-imeyili zemibuzo ezifikelela kubathengi ngesilinganiso. Ukujongwa kwezentlalo kunika uluvo lokwenyani lwexesha kwimvakalelo kawonke-wonke kwaye kungatyhila ukusasazwa kwemiyalezo yephulo. Noko ke, inkxalabo yobuqu nemigaqo-siseko yeqonga kufuna ukuphathwa ngocoselelo. Udityaniso kunye neesiseko sogcino-lwazi lwabathengi [[[FLTLT:]] luvumela ukudityaniswa kwamanani ngokwenyani nogcino-lwazi lwendlela.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala Olunempumelelo

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene ibonisa indlela uvavanyo olungqongqo oluziphumeza ngayo iziphumo ezingcono.

kumzantsi weKhalifoniya, iMetropolitan Water District isebenzisa ukuvavanya okungacwangciswanga ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwamanzi asekhaya okubonisa ukuthelekiswa kwendlela yokusebenza (njengemodeli ye-Opower). Olu hlolisiso lwafumanisa ukuba iintsapho ezifumana iingxelo ezincitshisiweyo ngomlinganiselo wesi-6% xa zithelekiswa neqela labalawuli, kunye nemali egciniweyo engapheliyo iminyaka. Ukuvavanywa kwe-data okuqinisekisa ukuba abaxhasi bemali bandise inkqubo, ekugqibeleni bagcine amawaka ezigidi zemali. Iinkcukacha ezininzi zifumaneka kucwangciso lwamanzi [[FLT:][FLT][FLT]

Ku Melbourne, Australia, ngexesha lembalela enzima, iphulo lesixeko “le nqanawa limisela 1555” usukelo lokusebenzisa intsebenziswano yemihla ngemihla ye155. Uvavanyo luxhomekeke kugcino-lwazi lwemitha kunye nohlolo lwexesha ngalinye. Iphulo laphumelela unciphiso olungamashumi amathathu%, ngokuvavanya ukuba umxube wexhoba elicacileyo, intelekelelo eqhelekileyo, kunye nokubophelela koluntu kwanobunzima. Izifundo ezivela eMelbourne zibhalwe kulawulo lwamanzi lwe-[[[FLT:]] IBHANGE] uncwadi, olukhankankanya iphulo lomsebenzi njengebhedulo lotshintsho lokuziphatha.

Owona Mqheliso ulungileyo wokujonga ukuphumelela

Ukuze baphephe imigibe eqhelekileyo baze bakhulise ulwazi lwabo, abaphathi bephulo kufuneka bahlole udweliso lwenkqubo yabo ukususela ngomhla omnye.

Ukumisa ugcino-lwazi lwesiseko somzimba kwangoko

Ngaphandle kokwazi apho waqala khona, awunakulinganisela utshintsho. Ukuhlanganisa ubuncinane iinyanga ezili-12 zamanzi angaphambili kusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi, kunye nohlolo olusezantsi lolwazi nesimilo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ulawule intsingiselo ekhoyo yangaphambili.

Quka Ulawulo Okanye Iqela Lokuthelekisa

Kwanokuthelekisa okulula nobume babamelwane obunganyangwanga kuqinisa ulwandiso. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, khetha ukuba zeziphi iindawo ezifumana iphulo. Ukuba izenzekela azinakwenzeka, sebenzisa amanani afanayo ukwenza into eqinisekileyo.

Uyilo lokulandelela okude

Uhlaziyo lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali malunga nohlolo olunye olulandelayo lweenyanga 6-12 emva kwephulo. Oku kubonisa ukuba imali egcinwe ngaphambi kokuba igcinwe okanye ikhutshwe. Qwalasela ukuqhuba isikali esincinane “ufundisiso lokuzingisa” ukuvavanya ukulinganisa umlinganiselo phambi kokunyuka.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Amanani abonisa oko kwenzekileyo; udliwano-ndlebe kunye namaqela agxininisayo achaza isizathu. Ukusondela kwemixube---methithis kunika uluvo olunzulu kwaye kunceda ucoce amaphulo exesha elizayo. Umzekelo, ukuba imali egciniweyo yamanzi ingaphantsi kwexhoba, uphando lwezicwangciso lungatyhila ukuba abemi balapho bafumana isimilo esinconyelweyo siphazamisa kakhulu.

Isiphelo

Uvavanyo olunempumelelo lutshintsha amaphulo okulondolozwa kwamanzi ukusuka ekuqapheni abe zizicwangciso ezisekelwe kubungqina. Ngokulandela indlela yasekunene ye-metrics — ukunciphisa, ukuphaphanyiswa, utshintsho lwendlela yokuziphatha, inxaxheba, kunye nempembelelo yexesha elide esetyenziswayo kwimitha elula ukuya kudliwano-ndlebe, imibutho ingabonakalisa ukubuya kotyalo-mali kwaye iqhubeke iphucula ukuphumelela kwayo. Uxakeko olufana nolwandiso kunye nolude lwexesha lungaphumelela ngobuchule bobuchule obufanelekileyo bokuyila.

Njengoko uxinzelelo lwamanzi lukhula emhlabeni wonke, uxinzelelo lokwenza ubalo ngalunye luza kukhula. Iphulo elithatha uhlolo olungqongqo alizukusindisa amanzi amaninzi kuphela kodwa kwakhona liya kukhuthaza ukuthembana kwabantu kunye nenkxaso yezopolitiko efunekayo kwimigaqo yokulondoloza indalo ebanzi. Ikamva lobuphathi bamanzi lixhomekeke ekufundeni oko kusebenza, ukwabelana ngezifundo, kunye nokulinganisa impumelelo ukusuka kuluntu ukuya kolunye.