Imimiselo yengxolo ibalulekile ekulondolozeni uxolo nocwangco kuluntu. Ukuqonda amalungelo akho malunga nengxolo kunye nempahla kungakunceda uphakamise iimpikiswano kwaye uqinisekise ukuba imekobume elungelelanisiweyo. Nokuba ungumnini-khaya, umnini-ndlu, umnini-ndlu, okanye umthengisi weshishini, ukwazi imithetho yasekuhlaleni elawula imigangatho yesandi elawula iingxwabangxwaba, intloko engokwasemthethweni, kunye nolwalamano olubini nolwanolwano lommelwane. Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo ebanzi lungandisa kwiisiseko semimiselo yengxolo, luhlolisisa ukulinganiswa kwamalungelo empahla, kwaye lunika amanyathelo asebenzayo ukuphendula imiba yengxolo ephumelelayo.

Yiyiphi Imithetho Ecacileyo Yomsindo?

Ingxolo yimithetho emiselwe ngurhulumente wasekuhlaleni ukulawula umlinganiselo ogqithisileyo wengxolo. Le mithetho ijolise ekunciphiseni uphazamiseko oluchaphazela ubunjani bobomi babemi. Ingxoo yemithetho ingahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye, kodwa iqhele ukumisela imida yedecibel, imiqathango yosuku, kunye nemithombo yengxolo evumelekileyo. Oorhulumente badala le miqathango phantsi kwamandla abo amapolisa ukukhusela impilo kawonke-wonke, ukhuseleko, nentlalo-ntle. U-Nqakamo ye-mo ye-zulu (EPA) ibone ikhokelwe ngokhokelo kwimigangatho eyamkelekileyo yengxolo, kodwa uluvoteko lumalunga nolwanonke. [[FLTLD: 0] olusemthethweni.

Imithetho emininzi yengxolo yenziwa kufutshane “nomntu onengqondo” oqhelekileyo, onokuthi wona umntu afumane ukuphazamiseka. Amanye amaqela afumana indlela yokungena“ekungeneni” apho nasiphi na isandi esiphazamisana nokunandipheka kwempahla sithintelwa ukuba siqhubeka ixesha elithile. Ukuqonda le ngcamango yesiseko kunceda abanikazi bempahla kunye nabaqeshi bazi ukuba banokukhalaza nini okanye xa benokwaphulwa ngokwabo.

Imithombo Eqhelekileyo Yengxolo Ekhalazayo

Izikhalazo ezivakalayo zivela kwimisebenzi emininzi yemihla ngemihla. Ukuqonda ezi mithombo ziqhelekileyo kunceda abantu baqonde iingxaki ezinokubakho ngaphambi kokuba zikhule.

  • Imisebenzi yokwahlula [[FLT: 0] – ii-jackhammers, oomatshini abanzima, kunye nezixhobo zamandla zisebenza rhoqo ngexesha lasemini kodwa zisenophazamisa abemi abakufutshane, ingakumbi xa imisebenzi ibaleka ixesha elide kunokuba kulindelekile.
  • Umculo okanye amatheko aphezulu – isandi esinyusiweyo, isbass, kunye nengxolo ephakathi zizinto ezisoloko zibangela ingxabano, ingakumbi ebusuku.
  • Ingxolo ye-TRAffic - uhola wendlela, uloliwe, kunye neenqwelo-moya zenqanawa zizinto ezingundoqo, kodwa nezitrato ezihlala abantu ezinezithuthuthu okanye iinkqubo ezilungisiweyo zokukhupha umbane zinokubangela ukungacaci okungapheliyo.
  • [ Izilwanyana ezifuywayo ezikwindawo ebanzi – izinja ezigxadazelayo, ukubhomboloza, okanye iintaka ezibhexayo, ingakumbi xa zishiywe zingakhathalelwanga kangangeeyure, zingunobangela ophambili wezikhalazo zommelwane.
  • Imisebenzi ye-Industrument – imizi - mveliso, iindawo zokugcina impahla, kunye nezityalo ezilungisayo zivelisa iimpumlo, isandi esilumkisayo, kunye neziphumo ezinokuhamba kwimigca yempahla.
  • Izixhobo zeHVAC – izikhuphi moya, iimpompo zobushushu, umbane, kunye neempompo zequla zidla ngokudala iimpu ezincinci ezinokuphindeka ekunzima ukunqanda.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izixhobo ezikhutshiweyo kunye nezitiya – izivuthezi zamagqabi, iirawnmower, imitya yokulungisa, kunye neefatyi zetsheyina zizinto eziphuma kumaxesha engxolo kodwa ezinzulu.

Ukuqonda umthombo womthetho kunceda ukwazi ukuba usebenza njani. Ngokomzekelo, ingxolo yokwakha isenokuvunyelwa ngokucacileyo ebudeni beeyure ezithile, ngoxa ingxolo yezilwanyana ezifuywayo engapheliyo isenokuthotywa yimithetho eqhelekileyo yenkathazo.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho

Njengomnini wempahla okanye umnini-ndlu, unamalungelo athile ngokuphathelele uphazamiseko lwengxolo. La malungelo asuka kumthetho wempahla, imimiselo yemimiselo yendlu, namasiko asekuhlaleni. Kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kwamalungelo abanini-mpahla nalawo erente, njengoko iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukuba loo malungelo ayahluka.

Amalungelo abanikazi bempahla

Abanini bezinto abanalo ilungelo lokunandipha umhlaba wabo ngokuzolileyo. Lo mgaqo uqhelekileyo uthetha ukuba banokusebenzisa nokuhlala kwimpahla yabo ngaphandle kokuphazamisana ngokungekho mthethweni nabanye. Amalungelo akhethekileyo aquka:

  • Ilungelo lokunandipha impahla yakho ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okungeyomfuneko okuphazamisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwayo.
  • Ilungelo lokuxela izikhalazo zengxolo kumagunya asekuhlaleni nokulindela ukunyanzeliswa komthetho.
  • Ilungelo lokufuna ungenelelo okanye inyathelo elingokwasemthethweni ukuba uthethwano aluphumelelanga.
  • Ilungelo lokulungisa impahla yakho (umz., faka isithinteli sesandi) njengomlinganiselo wokuzikhusela.

Noko ke, abanini-mpahla nabo baneembopheleleko. Ukuba imisebenzi yabo ibangela ingxolo egqithisileyo .Njengokuba neshishini lasekhaya elinezixhobo ezinzima okanye ukumema iimbutho ezinkulu ezithe rhoqo, banokujamelana nentlawulo nokumangalelwa. Ukwazi ulungelelwano phakathi kwenkululeko yobuqu nemigangatho yoluntu kungundoqo.

Amalungelo abantu

Abasebenzi banelungelo elifanayo lokuziyolisa njengabanini-ndlu, kodwa kufuneka basebenze ngokusuka kumnini-fama ukucombulula imicimbi yengxolo evela kwezinye iindawo okanye kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo. Izivumelwano ezininzi ziquka iirejista ezifuna abaqeshi ukukhusela inkathazo. Ukuba ingxolo yommelwane iyaphula irente, umnini-fama kufuneka enze into enyanzelisayo. Kwakhona umnini-khaya unelungelo lokubiza amapolisa okanye ukunyanzelisa imigaqo yemithetho esemthethweni ngqo ngenxa yokungathobeli kakuhle kwemithetho yasekuhlaleni. Amanye amazwe avumela abaqeshi bendlu ukuba badende irente okanye baqeqeshe ukuba iimeko zengxolo zenza i-okthacape, kodwa oku kuyindlela yokugqibela yokulungisa ebhaliweyo nefuna ubungqina obubhaliweyo kunye nokuthethana okusemthethweni. Okuninzi kumalungelo ekhohlombelo olulishumi, [[FLD:0]

IiNkcukacha zasekhaya

Imimiselo yengxolo yasekuhlaleni ichaza amanqanaba amkelekileyo kumaxesha ahlukeneyo emini. Le mithetho idla ngokudibanisa ingxolo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neendawo zokuhlala, ezorhwebo, kunye noshishino. Ukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi indawo yakho ewela phantsi kwe-$/ kwaye luluphi uhlobo imvelaphi yengxolo ebaluleke kulo"ukugqiba enoba ulwaphulo-mthetho luye yenzeka kusini na.

Ingxolo ephambili

Imithetho yengxolo elawula ingxolo ithintela ingxolo ebudeni beeyure zasebusuku ukuqinisekisa ukuba abemi balapho banokulala ngoxolo.

  • Ukulinganisela umculo ongxolayo emva kwe-10 PM (okanye 11 PM kwezinye iindawo) de kube sisi-7 okanye 8 OM.
  • Ukumisela umda wokwakha ingxolo ngeempelaveki nangeeholide, amaxesha amaninzi emva kwexesha lokuqala (umz., 9 KUSENKANTSUKU).
  • Isandi esinyusiweyo esisuka kubathethi abangaphandle ngaphaya komgangatho othile we decibel (ngokufuthi 50-60 dB kumgca wempahla).
  • Iiyure ezizolileyo ezithi cwaka kwizakhiwo zeentsapho ezininzi (umz., 10 PM ukuya kwisi-8 KUMAKHIWA).

Izixeko ezininzi zikwanyanzelisa “ukuqhubeka kwengxolo” ulungiselelo , ukuba isandi (njengenja ekhonkothayo) siyaqhubeka ngaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa, nokuba asingxoli kakhulu, kuba kukwaphula umthetho. Umzekelo, umthetho wengxolo kaSan Francisco uyalela u-“luvolo, akubaluleka, nengxolo engaqhelekanga” engaphaya kwama-60 dBA phakathi kwe-10 PM kunye ne-7 AM kwiindawo ezihlala abantu. Khangela ikhowudi kamasipala wakho ukuba ngamanani athe ngqo; ingongoma elungileyo ngumthetho we- imodeli ye-OffMelika ye-

Imithetho yengxolo yezorhwebo neyezoshishino

Imisebenzi yezorhwebo neyoshishino isenokuba nemithetho eyahlukeneyo yengxolo, ngokufuthi ivumela umgangatho wengxolo ophezulu ngexesha leeyure zoshishino. Noko ke, le mithetho isenenjongo yokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwiindawo zokuhlala ezikufutshane.

  • Imvume yokufumana i-dB engama-70 ebudeni beeyure zasemini kwiindawo ezithengiselwayo, kodwa ithoba ukuya ku-55-60 dB emva kwe-10 PM.
  • Ukufumana kwakhona iindawo zoshishino ukubeka imiqobo yesandi okanye izigqubuthelo kwizixhobo.
  • Ukuthunga idokisi elilayishayo kunye nezixhobo zokudibanisa umgqomo zisebenza kuphela ngexesha leeyure ezithile.
  • Ukubeka imida yongcangcazelo ukwenzela imisebenzi enokuthi yonakalise izakhiwo ezimeleneyo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba izinto zorhwebo noshishino zisoloko ziphantsi kwemimiselo yengxolo yemekobume evela kumaqumrhu afana nokhuseleko lokhuseleko lomsebenzi kunye noLawulo lwezonyango (OSHA) ukuze kukhuseleke abasebenzi, kodwa loo milinganiselo yahlukile kwimithetho yengxolo yoluntu. Ukutshona okunzulu kwingxolo yoshishino, iphepha lengxolo linika ukhokelo lobugcisa.

Indlela Yokusingatha Umsindo Okhalazayo

Ukuba uva ingxolo enkulu evela kummelwane okanye kwishishini elikufuphi, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukucombulula le ngxaki. Le nkqubo ilandelayo ilungelelanisa uthethano kunye nokunyanzelisa ukuba isigqibo singasetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni.

Inyathelo 1: Yenza uxakeko lwengxolo

Uxwebhu oluchanekileyo lusisiseko salo naluphi na ukukhalaza ngengxolo. Ngaphandle kwayo, amagunya neenkundla azinakwenza nto. Iingxelo zakho zifanele ziquke:

  • Umhla nexesha lesiganeko ngasinye, kuquka ixesha.
  • Uhlobo lwengxolo (umz., ibhesi, ukubethelela, ukukhonkotha kwenja ngokuqhubekayo kangangemizuzu engama-30).
  • Ufundo lwe Decibel ukuba une-app yesandi (eqinisiweyo ukuba kuyenzeka).
  • Iimeko zemozulu (umoya unokuhamba ngesandi esiphezulu; imvula isenokuwufihla).
  • Nawaphi na amangqina okanye amarekhodi (khangela imithetho yasekuhlaleni ngokuvumela
  • Imigudu yonxibelelwano nomthombo wengxolo.

Yenza umboniso ongaphezulu kweveki enye ukuya kwezimbini ukuseka indlela. Imithetho emininzi ifuna ubungqina bengxolo ephindaphindwayo okanye engapheliyo, hayi isiganeko esinye esivakalayo.

Inyathelo lesi - 2: Thetha Nomthombo Wengxolo

Ukuba uziva ukhuselekile kwaye ukhululekile, yiya kumntu okanye kwishishini ngqo. Abantu badla ngokungazi ukuba imisebenzi yabo iyabakhathaza abanye. Sebenzisa i- “I-"IIII" iintetho ukuchaza indlela ingxolo ekuchaphazela ngayo."“ Ndiba nenkinga yokulala xa umculo udlala iPM edlulileyo"-11"/_ndinolwimi lokungxola. Ukuba ingxolo isuka kummelwane, iphetshana lobuhlobo lingasebenza, kodwa incoko ejongela ngqo idla ngokuba luncedo kakhulu.

Inyathelo 3: Yenza ingcinga Eqhelekileyo Nabasemagunyeni Basekuhlaleni

Ukuba unxibelelwano olungqalileyo aluphumeleli okanye ingxolo ayivumelekanga yaye ikho ngqongqo (umz., iqela loMANDLA elingaphezulu kwama-80 dB), qhagamshelana nomgca wamapolisa ongekho mthethweni okanye ingxolo yesixeko sakho. Yenza uxwebhu lwakho. Amapolisa angakhupha isingqiniso kwindawo ukuba angqinela ulwaphuko. Kwimiba eqhubekayo, izixeko ezininzi zineofisi enikezelweyo yokugcinwa kwemithetho elandelela abaphuli-mthetho abaphindaphindiweyo.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Cinga ngeenkonzo zokulungisa

I-media yindawo ephantsi, efihlakeleyo kwinkundla. Oomasipala abaninzi banikela iinkqubo zobuzwe okanye ungaqesha umlamleli woluntu. Bobabini badibana nomntu wesithathu ongathathi cala ukuze bathethe ngesivumelwano ````iyure zamaqela''''. Okufana nokulinganisela iiyure, okanye ukubeka izithethi. I-Mediation iluncedo ngokukhethekileyo kwiimpikiswano zommelwane apho ulwalamano lubaluleke khona. Ukuba uphumelele, ungenza isivumelwano sokubhala.

Inyathelo 5: Cacisa kwiSenzo soMthethweni ukuba Kuyimfuneko

Xa konke okunye kungaphumeleli, kukho unyango olusemthethweni. Oku kungabandakanya inkundla encinane efuna umonakalo (umz., ukuphelelwa bubuthongo, ukuphulukana nengeniso yokuqesha) okanye umyalelo wokuphelisa ingxolo. Jonga kwigqwetha lempahla ukuze uvavanye ityala lakho. Qaphela ukuba inkundla inokuba yeyona ithatha ixesha kwaye ixabisa imali eninzi, ngoko ke kufuneka ibe yindawo yokugqibela yokuziphendulela.

Indima Yabasemagunyeni Basekuhlaleni

Amagosa asekuhlaleni `amagosa, ukugcinwa kwemithetho yemithetho, kunye neebhodi zezonga-ngowona mthwalo obalulekileyo wokumisa imimiselo yengxolo. Iimpendulo zawo ziyahluka-hluka ngokolawulo nangezixhobo. Izenzo zokomeleza

  • Ukulumkisa abophula umthetho, ngokufuthi ngesaziso esibhaliweyo.
  • Abantu abaqhankqalazayo okanye amashishini angqubana nemithetho yengxolo; ukuhlawulwa kusenokusuka kuma - R250 ukusa kumawaka aliqela eerandi kwityala ngalinye.
  • Ukwenza isandi sifumaneke, njengokwakha uthango, ukufaka amapali esandi, okanye isixhobo sokulungisa.
  • Ukuphinda ukhuphe imvume okanye ilayisensi (ukukratsha, kodwa kunokwenzeka kwabo baqhubeka bephula).

Kwezinye izixeko, izikhalazo zengxolo zisingathwa lisebe elithile (umz. iSebe Lezokhuseleko Lokusingqongileyo kwisiXeko saseNew York). Amagosa asenokusebenzisa iimitha zesandi ezichanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukwaphulwa kwesandi. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi isebe elilawula indawo yakho. Biza iholo yesixeko sakho okanye khangela i-website kamasipala ukuba ikhalelwe ingxolo. Imigaqo emininzi ngoku ivumela ukuba inike ingxelo nge-intanethi ngefoto kunye neziqhoboshelo zevidiyo.

Ukuqwalaselwa

Xa izikhalazo zengxolo zingaconjululwa ngamagunya asekuhlaleni okanye ngemibutho, abantu basenokucinga ukuba kusemthethweni. Kubalulekile ukuqonda imigaqo engokwasemthethweni enxulumene neengxoxo zengxolo. Ezona ngcamango ziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiimeko zengxolo zezezi:

  • -NUINGXELO – ingcinga yabucala yenkathazo ifuna ukubonisa ukuba ingxolo inamandla kwaye ayingqinikali, iphazamisana nokusebenzisa kwakho nokunandipha impahla. Ungafuna umonakalo okanye umyalelo.
  • [[UMTL:0] ipases - inqabile kwiimeko zengxolo, kodwa ukuba isandi singcangcazelisa impahla yakho okanye siphazamisa umhlaba (umz., ukuqhuba imifumba), intengo yetyala ingasebenza.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Phambi kokuqulunqa amatyala, qokelela onke amaxwebhu, kuquka incoko yengxolo, iifoto, ii-decibels, iingxelo zamapolisa, kunye nazo naziphi na iileta. Ukuxilonga negqwetha elizikhetheyo kwimithetho yempahla okanye kumthetho wengingqi. Amaphondo amaninzi anemiqathango yemiqathango yentethe yengxaki (ngokuqhelekileyo ezimbini ukuya kwezihlanu iminyaka). Kwakhona aqwalasela intengo-mali ehlawulwayo: inkundla encinane ingasingatha inkxalabo ethile (ngokufuthi u-R345 000 000 000 000) ngaphandle kwegqwetha, kodwa umyalelo ofuna ummelwane ukuba amise ingxolo enkulu.

Ukubonelela ngokubanzi ngokomthetho, iCornell Information Institute yenkathazo ye- inika ingcaciso ecacileyo yemigaqo yomthetho eqhelekileyo.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho ngokuphathelele ingxolo nempahla kubalulekile ekulondolozeni imekobume ehlala ngoxolo. Ziqhelanise nemimiselo yengxolo yasekuhlaleni, ukuphazamiseka kwemiqathango yoxwebhu, kwaye ungathandabuzi ukuthatha amanyathelo xa kuyimfuneko. Ngokuxelelwa, uyakwazi ukuwaxhasa ngokunempumelelo amalungelo akho kwaye ubandakanyeke kuluntu oluzolileyo. Khumbula ukuba iingxoxo zengxolo azisoloko ziconjululwa ngobusuku obubodwa. Zifuna umonde, ukugcinwa kakuhle kwengxelo, nokukulungela ukusebenzisa zombini imijelo yengxolo, kwaye ukuba ukulungele ukusebenzisa imijelo ecwangcisiweyo, kwaye ukulungele ukubiza umnini wekhaya ngokujongana nendawo yokwakha ecaleni komnyango okanye ummelwane ophezulu ophezulu othe qeqelekileyo, izixhobo ezichazwe kwesi sikhokelo zikunika igxamphulo olusebenzayo. Qalisa ngokufunda inyathelo lokuqala lokubhala kwakho, ngoko thabatha inyathelo lokuqala: uxwebhu, ingxolo kummelwane wakho, ukuba umeme, ukuba umemeze, ukuba ucingo.