Ukwazisa

Ulwalamano oluphakathi korhulumente nabantu bakhe lwakhiwe ngokuphinda-phinda ngamalungelo kunye neembopheleleko. Amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi ye-Cvic yakha isiseko sobume bentlalo yedemokhrasi, inceda abantu ukuba bathabathe inxaxheba kubomi basekuhlaleni ngexesha beqinisekisa uzinzo nobulungisa benkqubo. Kubemi, ukuqonda ezi ngcamango akuyomfundo nje; kubalulekile ukuqhelisela impembelelo, ukukhusela inkululeko, kwaye ukufak ’ isandla kwizinto ezintle ezifanayo. Eli nqaku linikela ushwankathelo olucacileyo lwamalungelo entlalweni kunye nemisebenzi, livavanya iinkcazelo zabo, iindidi, intsingiselo, iinkalo, imingeni, kunye neendlela ezisebenzisekayo zokukhuthaza ukugana. Ukuba ngaba ungumvotisi omtsha, umfundi, okanye umthathi-nxaxheba kubomi boluntu, ukuzuza ulwazi lwakho olunempumelelo kwaye olunempumelelo kwezi migaqo-siseko.

Ayintoni Amalungelo Asemthethweni?

Amalungelo e-Covic anelungelo kunye nemigaqo-siseko karhulumente aqinisekiswe ngabemi bakhe. La malungelo afakwe kumgaqo-siseko, imithetho, kunye nezivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe, kwaye akhusela abantu ekuphathweni ngurhulumente ngeli xesha ekwaziyo ukuba nenxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwezopolitiko, intlalo-ntle, kunye nezoqoqosho. Ingcamango yamalungelo entlalo-ntle eguquke kwiinkulungwane, ukusuka kwimimiselo yokuqala enjengeMagna Carta (1215) kumaxwebhu angokunje Isibhengezo sobunyani sobuzwe samalungelo abantu. Ukuqonda la malungelo kukuqalisa ukukhuthaza nokuqonda kwawo.

Amalungelo Ezobupolitika

Amalungelo ezobupolitika ngawona anxulumene ngqo phakathi kommi norhulumente wakhe. Aquka ilungelo lokuvota kunyulo, ilungelo lokusebenzela isikhundla sikawonke-wonke, nenkululeko yokuthabatha inxaxheba kumaphulo ezobupolitika kunye nemibutho. La malungelo aqinisekisa ukuba abantu banelizwi ekukhetheni abameli babo nasekulungiseni inkqubo kawonke-wonke. Kuninzi lweedemokhrasi, amalungelo ezobupolitika aye anwenwa ngexesha elithile ngemibutho, kodwa imiqobo enjengemithetho ye-ID yomvoti, i-gerrymanning, kunye nokurhoxiswa kwabantu ababekhe bagqunywa.

UMthetho we-

Amalungelo oluntu aqinisekisa ukufikelela kwiinkonzo ezibalulekileyo ezivumela ubomi obunesidima. Ezi ziquka ilungelo lemfundo, ukunyamekela impilo, indawo yokuhlala, nokhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni. Amalungelo oluntu akangomnqweno nje kuphela; agunyaziswa ngokusemthethweni kumazwe amaninzi ngamalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko okanye umthetho wezomthetho. Umzekelo, ilungelo lokukhulula imfundo esisiseko liqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, ngoxa ilungelo lonyango liqulethwe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zesizwe. Ngaphandle kwala malungelo, abantu abanakuthathi nxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kubomi bentlalo-ntle, njengoko iimfuno ezisisiseko zimele zihlanganiswe ngaphambi kokuba ukunyaniswa kwezobupolitika kufikeleleke.

Amalungelo enkcubeko

Amalungelo enkcubeko akhusela amandla abantu kunye noluntu okugcina, ukuqhelisela nokuguqula indlela abaphila ngayo. Oku kuquka inkululeko yokusebenzisa ulwimi lwabo, ukuba nenxaxheba kwizithethe, nokufumana ilifa lenkcubeko. Kwintlalo, intlonelo yamalungelo enkcubeko ikhuthaza ukwahlukahlukana nokungeniswa. Noko ke, la malungelo anokuchasana neminye imigaqo yoluntu, njengaxa uqheliselo lonqulo lungqubana nemithetho elwa nohlanga. Ukuqhatha iingxubeko ezinjalo kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngonono ngokomthetho nangedemokhrasi.

Amalungelo ezoqoqosho

Amalungelo ezoqoqosho aquka inkululeko yokusebenza, impahla, ukuququzelela nokudibanisa amaqumrhu orhwebo, nokubandakanyeka kurhwebo. La malungelo ayimfuneko kwinkululeko yobuqu nenkululeko yezoqoqosho. Ilungelo lokufumana umvuzo ofanelekileyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo likwayinxalenye yalo didi. Kumazwe amaninzi, amalungelo ezoqoqosho akhuselwa ngemithetho yemisebenzi, imimiselo echasene nokholo, kunye nenetha yokhuseleko. ILO (Intlangano yezeeNtlanga) imisela imilinganiselo yezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe yamalungelo, kodwa imimiselo iyahluka-ndene.

Yintoni Imisebenzi Efunekayo?

Ukuba amalungelo akwimeko esizwe anokulindela ukuba abemi bafumane imicimbi elindelwe ngurhulumente. Imisebenzi ye-Cvic yiyo elindeleke ngurhulumente, xa ifezekiswa, igcina ulawulo lwedemokhrasi kunye nolungelelwano lwentlalo. Ngoxa eminye imisebenzi igunyaziswe ngokusemthethweni, eminye ilindele ukumiselwa kokuziphatha okuqinisa amaqhina entlalo. Imisebenzi yedemokhrasi ilunge ngakumbi xa abemi bayo bencedisa ngamandla ekulondolozeni kwayo.

Ukusasaza

Ukuvota kudla ngokubizwa njengowona msebenzi usisiseko kuba kungumsebenzi ophambili kuba kumisela ngqo ukuba ngubani onegunya nendlela oovimba abanikwa ngayo. Nangona uvota kunelungelo, kukwafuneka ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngolwazi. Abami balindeleke ukuba baphande phambi kokuba benze i-collet. Umvoti ujongela phantsi ukufaneleka kweziphumo zonyulo kwaye unokukhokelela ekulawuleni okungameleni abantu. Amazwe anokuvota okunyanzelekayo, njengase-Australia, ngokufuthi abona ukugana okuphezulu, kodwa kwanakwinkqubo yokuzithandela, imbopheleleko yokuziphatha yokuvota ihlala iqinile.

Ukuthobela Umthetho

Imithetho ilungiselela ulungiso loxolo. Ngokuthobela imithetho yeetrato, imimiselo yolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nemithetho yasekuhlaleni, abemi benza imekobume exelwe kwangaphambili nekhuselekileyo. Nangona abantu besenokungavumelani okanye bengafuni ukutshintsha imithetho ethile, umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokuthobela ubalulekile ekuphepheni isiphithiphithi. Ukungathobeli kwabemi, xa kusenziwa ngaphandle kogonyamelo nangenxa yezizathu nje ezisesikweni, kuyindlela evunyiweyo yokuqhayisa, kodwa kungokokwamkelwa kweziphumo zomthetho qhayiso.

Ukuhlawula Irhafu

Ukuhlawula irhafu kungumnikelo othe ngqo kwintlalo entle edityanisiweyo. Ukuphepha irhafu nokuphepha ukukhutshwa kwerhafu kumandla karhulumente okunikezela iinkonzo kunye nemithwalo eshicilelwe abaqeshi abanyanisekileyo. Iinkqubo zerhafu eziqhubekekayo zijolise ekuhambiseni lo msebenzi ngokusesikweni, kodwa iingxoxo ngexabiso lerhafu, ukubhatalwa kwerhafu, kunye nerhafu yenkampani ziyaqhubeka. Ukuqonda indlela ii-irantiyo ezisetyenziswa ngayo zingumthwalo waso soluntu ukunikela iinkonzo kunye nemithwalo enzima kunonophengulula iirhafu ezithembekileyo.

Jury Duty

Ukusebenza kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala ngumsebenzi okhethekileyo obeka abemi abaqhelekileyo kwinkalo yomthetho. Ilungelo lokuchophela ityala elivela kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala abangakhethiyo likho kuphela ukuba abemi bakulungele ukunikela izigqibo. Umsebenzi we Jury uqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo ezingokwasemthethweni zibonakalisa imilinganiselo yebutho labantu hayi ukuthanda nje kwabagwebi okanye abatshutshisi. Nangona kusenokuba nzima, luhlobo olunamandla lokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ekulawuleni.

Ukubaluleka Kwamalungelo Nemisebenzi

Ukusebenzisa amalungelo nemisebenzi akuthethi nje ukuba ucinga; kunemiphumo yokwenene kwimpilo yedemokhrasi.

Ukuxhobisa nokuzixhasa

Xa abemi bewazi amalungelo abo, bangafuna ukuphathwa kakuhle kwamaziko. Ulwazi ngendlela yokuvota, indlela yokufaka isikhalazo kumbutho karhulumente, okanye indlela yokufumana iirekhodi zikawonke-wonke inika abantu amandla okuvavanya ukuxhatshazwa kokuphathwa kakubi. Umzekelo, ulwazi lwemithetho yamalungelo okuvota lunganceda abavoti boyise imigudu yokucinezela. Iintlangano ezifana ne ACLU zinika oovimba bokufundisa abemi ngamalungelo abo nendlela yokuwasebenzisa.

Umanyano Nokholo

Ukufezekisa imisebenzi yoluntu kwenza amalungu ebutho labantu athembeke. Xa abantu behlawula iirhafu ngokunyaniseka, besebenza kwimiqathango yejaji, baze balandele imithetho, banegalelo kwisithethe sobulungisa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa imisebenzi ingahoywa, ingqumbo iyakhula. Ngokomzekelo, ukuphepha irhafu okusasazekileyo kungakhokelela ekususweni kwiinkonzo zikawonke wonke, ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto ezichaphazela ezona zingenabungozi. Ibutho elixabisa umsebenzi lilo elo elinoluvo lokuba libalelwe ishwanguqu.

Ukuphendula ngedemokhrasi

Amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi kunye kwenza inkqubo yokuhlola kunye nokulungelelana phakathi kwesizwe nabantu. Izakhamuzi ezivotayo nezihlala zinolwazi ziphethe amagosa anyuliweyo zinokuphendula. Umsebenzi wokulawula izenzo zikarhulumente (ngokomzekelo, ngenkululeko yolwazi) uthintela ukunganyaniseki nokuxhatshazwa. Ngaphandle kokuthenjiswa, oorhulumente banokuphambukela kwigunya lolawulo oluphantsi okanye ukungaphumeleli.

Ukukhuselwa Kwamalungelo Okwaphulwa

Ukwazisa amalungelo kulolona khuselo lulungileyo ekukhukulisekeni kwawo. Imbali ibonisa ukuba amalungelo anokuncitshiswa ngexesha lamanqam. UMthetho we-USA PATRIOT, umzekelo, ukwandisa amandla okuhlola emva ko-9/11, unyusa inkxalabo yenkululeko yabemi. Abami abawaqondayo amalungelo abo banokulungiselela inkcaso, ukuchasana, okanye ukungenelela utshintsho. Umsebenzi wokuthetha nxamnye nokuchaswa komthetho ukhusela kungekuphela komntu kodwa noluntu lonke.

Ucelomngeni Kumalungelo Nemisebenzi

Nangona zibalulekile, amalungelo nemisebenzi yentlalo ijamelana nemiqobo emininzi kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje.

Ukungakhathali Nokudimazeka

Abemi abaninzi bavakalelwa kukuba ukuvota kwabo akunto ibalulekileyo, ingakumbi ekufumaneni unyulo olungenako okanye xa abatshayeli bebonakala bengenakwahlulwa. Olu tshintsho lucinezela ukujika nokuthoba igunya ledemokhrasi. Iinkqubo zokubhalisa ezintsonkothileyo, ukunqongophala kolwazi, nokungakhuphi nkcazelo. Imigudu yokwenza ukuvota kube lula ngokulula, njengokubhalisa kwasekuqaleni, ukuvota, kunye noncedo lweposi olukwi-posi, kodwa ukutshintsha kwenkcubeko kuyafuneka ukuvuselela ukholo kwinkqubo.

Ukufikelela kulwazi nakukwahlula kwamanani

Ukusebenzisa amalungelo kunye nokufeza imisebenzi elungileyo kufuna ulwazi oluchanileyo. Kodwa abantu abaninzi abanako ukufikelela kwimithombo ethembekileyo ephathelele indlela urhulumente asebenza ngayo, abo bangabameli babo, okanye indlela yokuqhagamshelana nabo. Ulwahlulo lwamanani lushiya ingeniso ephantsi kunye nabemi basemaphandleni ngaphandle kokufikelela kwi-intanethi efunekayo ukuze babe nenxaxheba kwi-intanethi yoluntu okanye bafumane uhlaziyo. Amajelo athenjiswe kwimithombo yezentlalo-ntle ayababhidanisa ngokungakumbi, okwenza ukuvota kube nzima. Iinkqubo zokufunda ukufunda nokubhala nokubhala ngolwazi lwasezindabeni zinokuba zicombulula iingxaki.

Izithintelo Zokuba Nenxaxheba

Iingxaki zezoqoqosho, impilo, nokunqongophala kwezithuthi kunokuthintela abantu ekuvoteni, ekungeneni kwiiholo zedolophu, okanye ekukhonzeni kwimibutho yejaji. Umzekelo, abasebenzi abaninzi abafumana imali ephantsi abanakukwazi ukuthatha ixesha lokuvota okanye lokusebenza njengeejaji, apho imbuyekezo idla ngokuba mincinane khona. Imiqobo ye-equatori ichaphazela amaphandle kunye nabantu abasemaphandleni. Izicombululo ziquka ukuvota kwangoko, ukucola iinqwelo-mafutha, nokuhlawula imisebenzi yezemfuno-mali, kodwa ukufezekisa akulingani.

Ucalucalulo Nokungalingani Kwenkqubo

Amaqela aqingqiweyo , amaqela amancinane, abantu abasuka kwamanye amazwe, abantu abafudukayo, abantu abaneziphene, kunye nabantu abaneziphene, basoloko bejongene nemiqobo yokusebenzisa amalungelo abo. Imithetho ye-ID ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto ichaphazela amalungelo abo abambalwa abavoti; imiqobo yolwimi ingabafaki zikhalazo abathethi abangengomalungu aqhelekileyo; kunye neendawo zokuhlahlela ezidibeneyo ezikhubazekileyo abemi abakhubazekileyo. Ukuthetha ngezi ziququzeli zifuna utshintsho, olunje [[FLT:] i-Vating Rights Act kunye nokugcinwa kwayo okuqhubekayo. Umsebenzi wezwelo kukususa ezi zithintelo, ngoxa umsebenzi wabemi ukulungele ukuxhasa imigaqo-mthetho equlukileyo.

Ukukhuthaza Ubungqina

Ukuqinisa idemokhrasi kufuna ukuba kwenziwe ngabom ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuganana kwebutho labantu kuyo yonke imigangatho. Imfundo, iinkqubo zoluntu, amaphulo okuphaphela nokuncokola kuyimfuneko.

Imfundo Efudukayo

Izikolo zeyona ndawo iqhelekileyo yokufundisa amalungelo nemisebenzi yoluntu. Ngelishwa, iiklasi ezininzi zigxininisa kwizibakala zembali kunokuba zibe luncedo. Imfundo yale mihla iquka unyulo lwentelekelelo, imfaniso yeenkqubo zowiso-mthetho, kunye nezifundo ngendlela yokunxibelelana nabameli. Iintlangano ezifana ii-Civicts zinika abafundisi kunye nabafundi izibonelelo ezisisingeneyo. Inkqubo yemfundo yezentlalo ecwangcisiweyo isenokuguqula ulwazi lwezopolitiko nokwandisa inxaxheba kwixesha elide.

Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kuluntu

Amanyathelo asekuhlaleni adibanisa abantu nabamelwane babo kunye norhulumente wasekuhlaleni angakha imikhwa yoluntu. Iintsuku zokucoca, iinkqubo zokugada, kunye neebhodi zoluntu ezikhuthaza abantu basekuhlaleni zinika abahlali iindlela eziphathekayo zokunikela. Amathala namagumbi oluntu angakhuthaza isantya sokuvota kunye neeholo zedolophu. Ezi nkqubo zenza ukuba abantu babhaliswe njengenxalenye ebonakalayo, eqhelekileyo yobomi kunokuba babe yimbopheleleko nje engekho ngqiqweni.

Amaphulo okulumkisa kunye nobuxhakaxhaka

Amaqonga eenkqubo zonxibelelwano anokuba zizixhobo ezinamandla zokuphaphela abantu xa zisetyenziswa kakuhle. Iinzuzo kunye namasebe karhulumente angenza amaphulo achaza amalungelo abantu, akhumbuza abantu ngemihla yonyulo, anike amakhonkco kwimithombo esemthethweni. Noko ke, kwala maqonga anye asasaza iinkcazelo eziphosakeleyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufunda ngemivo. Imisebenzi yezobugcisa kunye namajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni anokuvelisa imiyalezo echanekileyo. Umzekelo, “Fuma iProut the Vote” inyathelo lokuququlunqa imibhalo kunye neemfundiso.

Incoko ekhuthazayo kunye nenkululeko

Ucoselelo lusisisongelo esikhulu kwimpilo yoluntu. Ukukhuthaza incoko enentlonelo ngapha kweemeko ezingafaniyo . "ukutyhubela, ukuvota, okanye iiklabhu zencwadi `zinganciphisa ubutshaba kwaye zingenza ukuqonda." Xa abantu bexubusha ngemibandela ejongene nokujongeka okanye kwizithuba ze-intanethi eziphakathi, banokukwazi ukuvuma ukufaneleka kweembono eziphikisanayo baze bafumane indawo enye. Lo msebenzi wokuphulaphula nokuzibandakanya ngokunenzuzo kusentliziyweni yobumi bedemokhrasi.

Isiphelo

Amalungelo e-Covic nemisebenzi ayizizinto ezingqukuva; zitshintsha nebutho labantu kwaye zifuna ingqalelo engapheliyo. Ummi owaziyo amalungelo akhe angawakhusela; ummi ophumeza imisebenzi yakhe unegalelo ekuzinzeni nasekufezekeni kwenkqubo. Kwixesha lokunyuka kwemithetho elawulayo, ukugqwethwa, nokungalingani, imfuneko yolwazi nabemi abakhutheleyo ayizange ibe nkulu. Ngokuqonda amalungelo entlalo nemisebenzi yengingqi, abafundisi-mfundo, kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni bonke banesabelo sokukhuthaza ulwazi lwezentlalo-ntle nokususa imiqobo yokuthabatha inxaxheba. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, impilo yedemokhrasi ixhomekeke ekuzimiseleni ukuqhubela phambili kwe-$tovoti, ukuncedisa, ukunikela, ukuthetha, nokubandakanye nokubanda. Ngokuqonda ngokupheleleyo amalungelo entlalweni entlalweni nemisebenzi, awunakuba ngummi wabemi belizwe lakho, kodwa ngokubhekiselelenelo kwixa elizayo.