Table of Contents

Iikomiti zeShenate zisebenza njengesiseko somgaqo-nkqubo wowiso-mthetho kwiKhonkxalatha yaseUnited States, zisebenza njengamaqela asebenzayo akhethekileyo ahlola, acocile, kunye nobume bomthetho ocetyiswayo ngaphambi kokuba afike kumgangatho opheleleyo weNdlu yeeNtlanganiso. Ezi komiti zinempembelelo enkulu ekuthi kungenelwe amatyala nendlela imithetho eqhubekekayo ngayo nakanjani na ngokuchaphazela abemi baseMerika. Ukuqonda isakhiwo, umsebenzi, namandla eekomiti zeBhunga leNtsimbi yesizwe kunika ukuqonda okubalulekileyo ngendlela enziwe, elungiswe ngayo, ilungiswe ngayo, ize isetyenziswe ngayo.

Yintoni Ebalulekileyo Iikomiti Zendlu Yezigwebo Yaye Kutheni Zibalulekile?

IiKomiti zibalulekile ekusebenzeni okunempumelelo kweNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, ukuqokelela inkcazelo ngeengxaki zesizwe nezezizwe ngegunya lazo ngophando nangokuva ukuze kwenziwe uxwebhu, kuqwalaselwe, kwaye kunconyelwe umthetho owenzelwe amalungu apheleleyo eBhunga. Ngaphandle kweekomiti, iNdlu yeeNgwevu, iya kuthwaliswa lubuninzi bezicelo zemithetho ezisungulweyo

Ngexesha leNkomfa nganye yeminyaka emibini yamawaka eendleko nezigqibo zibhekiswa kwiikomiti zeBhunga. Lo msebenzi mkhulu ubangela ukuba icandelo lomsebenzi elivumela abasebenzi ukuba bakhulise ubuchule obukhethekileyo kwimimandla ethile yenkqubo ethile. Amalungu eKomiti enza amalungu akwazi ukuphuhlisa ulwazi olukhethekileyo lwemicimbi ephantsi kolawulo lwabo, ukuqwalasela imisebenzi eqhubekayo karhulumente, ukuchonga imiba elungele ukuhlolisiswa kwemithetho-siseko, ukuqokelela nokuvavanya ulwazi, nokuncomela iindlela zokusebenza kwiNtsimbi yeNxaki.

Inkqubo yekomiti isebenza imisebenzi emininzi enzima ngaphandle kokuhlola nje umthetho. IiKomiti zivavanya ii-ofisi zomongameli ukwenzela iiofisi ezilawulayo nezigwebo zezekomiti kwaye zinika ulawulo lwemisebenzi karhulumente wesizwe. Lo msebenzi uqinisekisa ukuba imithetho edluliswa yiBhunga iphunyezwa ngokufanelekileyo ngabameli abalawulayo kwaye imisebenzi karhulumente ihlala imele ihlawulelwe kwisebe lowiso-mthetho.

Ukwakhiwa KweeKomiti Zendlu Yezihlalo

Ukwakhiwa kweKomiti yaNgoku

IBhunga leeNtlanganiso lineekomiti ezingama-24: kukho iikomiti ezili-16 ezimileyo, iikomiti ezine ezikhethekileyo okanye ezikhethiweyo, neekomiti ezine ezimanyeneyo. Esi sakhiwo siye savela ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezitshintshayo zohlanga kunye nokuntsonkotha okukhulayo kolawulo lwamagunya.

Isitulo sekomiti nganye kunye noninzi lwamalungu ayo lumela iqela elininzi, limisela isitulo sokumisela ucwangciso lweshishini lekomiti. Oku kunika ulawulo olubalulekileyo kwiqela elininzi lwemiba efumana ingqalelo kwaye ziziphi iindleko ezihambela phambili. Izihlalo zekomiti zinempembelelo enkulu kule nkqubo.

Inkqubo yoMsebenzi weKomiti

IBhunga leNtlanganiso limisela iikomiti ekuqaleni kweNgqungquthela nganye yeminyaka emibini ukuze likwazi ukulungiselela umsebenzi walo lize liphucule ubuchule balo phakathi kwamalungu alo, linike abaququzeleli ithuba lokusebenza noogxa balo kwimimandla ethile yezomgaqo-nkqubo, ukuphuhlisa nokuqwalasela umthetho, nokuphatha imicimbi yesizwe, kunye nezigqibo eziqhutywa kakhulu ngamaqela ngokwawo.

IBhunga ngalinye, iNdlu yeeNtlanganiso imisela amalungu ayo ukuba asebenze ngeekomiti ngeentlanganiso zentlangano yeqela emva konyulo nangaphambi kokuqalisa kweBhunga elilandelayo, apho izabelo zeekomiti zicetyiswa zize zivunywe kuqala kumgangatho weqela, ngoko zivunywa ngokusemthethweni kwiNdlu yeeNtlanganiso ngokwamkela izigqibo ezilula ezinikelwayo ngenxa yenkomfa yeqela ngalinye.

Imida Yenkonzo YeKomiti

Iikomiti zeStenate zahlulwe, ngokwexabiso elilinganiselweyo, zahlulwe, zahlulwa kathathu: Udidi A, udidi B, nodidi C, kunye neeSenator nganye zibophelelelwe kumsebenzi kwiikomiti ezimbini zodidi A kunye nekomiti enye yodidi B. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba izabelo zeekomiti zahlulwe ngokuthelekisayo phakathi kwee-sentenent kwaye ithintela nawuphi na umququzeleli omnye ekufumaneni amandla amakhulu ekomiti.

Zombini iiNkomfa zeDemocratic kunye neRepublicaan zahlula ngokubhekele phaya iikomiti ezithile "A" njenge "Umgcini-sango" okanye iikomiti ezingookarhulumente, ngokuqhelekileyo ezimisela abaququzeleli ukuba bakhonze kwikomiti enye enjalo ngexesha. Ezi komiti zikhethekileyo ziquka ezona ndawo zolawulo zinamandla njengeeAppropriances, iMali, kunye neeNkonzo zeNyilelo.

Iintlobo zeeKomiti zeBhunga

Iikomiti Ezimileyo

Iikomiti ezimileyo ziziqu ezisisigxina ezineembopheleleko ezithile kunye nolawulo olukhethekileyo oluchazwe kwimithetho yeBhunga. Ezi komiti ziphatha umsebenzi omninzi wowiso-mthetho kwaye zinemimandla ecacileyo yenkqubo. Iikomiti ezikhoyo zisoloko zinegunya lomthetho.

Iikomiti ezili-16 ezimileyo zigubungela uludwe olubanzi lwemimandla yezomthetho. Ngokomzekelo, iKomiti yeNdlu yeeNtsimbi yeeNkcubeko ijongene nokubekwa komthetho wokumisela izimali zikarhulumente ngaphambi kwenkcitho yobuncwane. IKomiti yeNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlalo yezeMali ilawula imithetho enxulumene nerhafu, amatyala, amasiko, urhwebo lwangaphandle, kunye neenkqubo zempilo phantsi koMthetho weSocial Secut Act onjengeMedicare.

Nangona ezinye iikomiti zisele zidala njengeBhunga leNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, iNdlu yeeNtlanganiso ngamaxesha athile ihlaziya amagama kunye nolawulo lweekomiti ezimileyo ukuze icombulule imicimbi yelizwe elijikelezayo. Oku kutshintsha kuvumela inkqubo yeekomiti ukuba iqhelane nocelomngeni olutsha kunye nenkqubo ephambili njengoko ivela.

Khetha kunye neeKomiti ezizodwa

Iikomiti ezine ezikhethekileyo okanye ezikhethiweyo ekuqaleni zadalwa sisigqibo seNdlu yeeNtlanganiso yezonjongo ezithile yaye ngoku zijongwa njengezisisigxina. Nangona zisezokwethutyana, ezi komiti ziye zangqineka zixabisekile ngokwaneleyo ukuba zigcinwe zihleli.

IiKomiti ezikhethekileyo okanye eziKhethayo zasekwa ekuqaleni yiBhunga leNtlanganiso ngexesha elifutshane ukwenza uphando oluthile, kwaye ezi komiti zinganikwa okanye zihluthwe igunya lokunikela ingxelo yomthetho kwiNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso. Khetha kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iikomiti ezidityanisiweyo zisingatha ulawulo okanye iimbopheleleko zokugcinwa kwezindlu.

Omnye umzekelo yiKomiti ekhethekileyo yoLuphando, eqhuba uphando oluqhubekayo ngeenkupho ezinxulumene nempilo, ingeniso, indlela yokuphila nezinye izinto.

IiKomiti ezidityanisiweyo

Iikomiti ezine ezimanyeneyo, ezibunjwa zii-senentara kunye nabameli, zilungiselela ukulungelelaniswa kweNdlu yeNdlu kunye neNdlu yeeNtlanganiso kunye neezifundo zokuqhuba imigaqo-nkqubo yokunceda zombini ezi zindlu.

IiKomiti ezidityanisiweyo ziquka amalungu ezi zindlu zombini zeBhunga, ngokuqhelekileyo zimiselwe ngemithetho emixinwa yaye ngokuqhelekileyo zingenalo igunya lokunikela ingxelo yomthetho, yaye ngokuqhelekileyo indawo yesitulo itshintshanisa amalungu endlu neNdlu yeeNdlu.

Iikomiti ezisisigxina zanamhlanje ziqhuba izifundo okanye zenze imisebenzi yokulungisa indlu kunokuba ziqwalasele amanyathelo, kunye neKomiti eManyane ekujongeni imisebenzi ye-ofisi yoPhuhliso yoRhulumente kunye neenkqubo zokushicilela jikelele zikarhulumente worhulumente.

IiKomiti zeNgqungquthela

Ikomiti yenkomfa yikomiti yexeshana edityanisiweyo emiselwe ukucombulula ukungavisisani phakathi kweenguqulelo zeNdlu yeNdlu ekhuphisanayo neNdlu yeeNdlela, ukuyekelela phakathi kweesikhundla zamagumbi amabini, asiwa kwiNdlu yeNdlu epheleleyo neNdlu yeeNtlanganiso ukuze avunywe. Ezi komiti zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokugqibela yowiso-mthetho xa amagumbi amabini edlulise iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zomthetho omnye.

Indlela Iikomiti zeBhunga Ezisebenza Ngayo

Inkqubo yoHlelo loMgaqo-siseko

Xa kuveliswa ityala kwiBhunga leNtlanganiso, ngoko nangoko kubhekiswa kwikomiti efanelekileyo esekelwe kumbandela wayo. IiBhili eziziswa kwiNdlu yeQela zithunyelwa ngokukhawuleza kwiikomiti ezimileyo ukuze ziqwalaselwe kuqala, iikomiti ezimileyo ezikhokelayo ekugqibeni ukuba nguwuphi umthetho iNdlu yeeNgwevu eziya kuwuqwalasela.

Ikomiti isebenzela ukulungisa umlinganiselo ngokulungisa ityala okanye isigqibo, kwaye xa kuvunyelwana ngolwimi, ikomiti ithumela umlinganiselo emva kwiNdlu yeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso epheleleyo, ngokufuthi inikela ingxelo echaza injongo yomlinganiselo. Le ngxelo yekomiti iba licebo elibalulekileyo lokuqonda injongo ephambili yomthetho kwaye inokuphembelela indlela iinkundla eziwutolika ngayo umthetho kumatyala azayo.

Liphesenti encinane kuphela yemali eqwalaselwe ziikomiti efikelela kumgangatho weNdlu yeQela. Lo msebenzi uthetha ukuba iikomiti ezigcina amasango zinamandla amakhulu okugqiba ukuba ziziphi izicelo zenkqubo eziqwalaselwa ngokunzulu kwaye ziziphi ezifa kwikomiti ngaphandle kokufikelela kwivoti yeNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNkulumbuso ezipheleleyo.

IKomiti ePhicothayo

Ukuchotshelwa kwetyala yenye yezona misebenzi zibonakalayo nezibalulekileyo zeekomiti zeNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso. Ngokufuthi iikomiti zeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso ziyalela kumangqina ahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka amalungu eBhunga, amagosa eekhathere, amagosa olawulo, abameli beentlangano zoshishino kunye namanye amangqina angoochwepheshe. Ezi zimvo zifeza iinjongo ezininzi: ukuqokelela inkcazelo, ukwakha ingxelo yoluntu, ukufundisa amalungu eekomiti, nokuvumela abagcini-mathili ukuba bavakalise iimbono zabo.

Inkoliso yeekomiti ezichongiweyo nezichongwayo zidla ngokuba zivulekele uluntu ngokubanzi, nangona kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ikomiti iyakudibana emva kweminyango evaliweyo. Oku kuvumela abemi, iintatheli namaqela alawulayo ukuba bajonge inkqubo yowiso-mthetho baze bagcine abameli babo benoxanduva.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuchotshelwa kweendlebe zisebenza iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. IBhunga ngokwembali liye labeka inxaxheba ekujongeni isebe eliphetheyo ngezantsi ngokungqalileyo, ukujongwa, kunye nokwalathiswa kokuphunyezwa komthetho //ukuva nje okunye kobugocigoci-gosa okunokusetyenziswa yikomiti ekuhloleni oku. Ukuchophela uphando kwahlukile kunento ethethwayo yemithetho okanye ukuchotshelwa koogosa kuba ukuphengululwa kusoloko kubandakanya ukutyhola ukwenza okubi.

Iikomiti zeState zinegunya lokubeka amatyala kwizikhundla zolawulo lomongameli kunye nezomthetho kwigunya lazo, njengoko umGaqo-siseko unika iNdlu yeQela igunya "lokucela nokuvuma" kwimiba yobumongameli. Ezi ziqinisekiso zinokuba ziingxabano ezinkulu, ingakumbi kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo okanye kwizikhundla zequmrhu.

Indlela yokuphawula

Ekugqityweni kwenkqubo yokuchonga, iikomiti "ziphawula phezulu" elinye okanye amatyala anxulumene nalo, ngokufuthi elungiselela ukudityaniswa okanye "umthetho ococekileyo" Ngexesha lentlanganiso yokunyusa irhafu, amalungu ekomiti engxoxo ngamalungiselelo emali, ukunikezela, kunye nokuvota kwiinguqu. Oku kulapho kuvela khona umsebenzi ontsonkothileyo wokwenza umthetho wenziwe, namalungu ekomiti exubusha ukuyekelela nokusulungekiswa kolwimi.

Inkqubo yokunyusa inzala ivumela amalungu ekomiti ukuba amise umthetho ngokweenkqubo zawo ezikhethelweyo kunye nolwazi oluqokelelwe ngexesha lokuchongwa. IziHlaziya-guqulo zingasuka kulungiso lobugcisa oluncinane ukuya kutshintsho olunzulu oluguqula injongo engundoqo yemali okanye umgangatho wayo.

Ikomitana

Ikomiti engaphantsi ilawula iindawo ezithile zolawulo phantsi kwekomiti epheleleyo, ngeli xesha iikomiti ezikhethiweyo nezinamanyane zibonelela ngokuba ngabaveleli okanye ziqhubana neembopheleleko zokugcinwa kwendlu. Ikomiti ezingaphantsi zivumela ukuba kubekho ulwahlulo olungakumbi kwaye zivumela iikomiti ukuba zicombulule imicimbi emininzi ngaxeshanye.

Ikomiti engaphantsi ingenza indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho, ezinye iikomiti zisenza amakomiti azimeleyo abasebenzi abanobukhulu kunye noqingqo-mali oludla ngokubhekisela kwiikomiti ezincinci ukuze ziqwalaselwe kuqala zivumele amakomiti angaphantsi ukuba akhokele kwimicimbi ehlaziyiweyo, amanyathelo okuyila neengxelo, nokuphatha iindlebe nokunyusa, ngoxa kusenziwa kwezinye iikomiti, umsebenzi omninzi usenziwa ziikomiti ezipheleleyo.

Amandla Nempembelelo Yokhokelo Lwekomiti

AbaHluleli beKomiti

Isitulo sekomiti sinegunya elingaqhelekanga kumsebenzi wekomiti kunye nocwangciso. Isitulo sekomiti nganye kunye noninzi lwamalungu ayo simela iqela elininzi, kunye nesitulo esimisela ucwangciso lweshishini lekomiti. Eli gunya lokumisela amacebo livumela izihlalo ukuba zimisele iindleko ezithile kwabanye, ucwangciso lokuphulaphula kwimixholo eziyijonga njengebalulekileyo, kwaye ngokunempumelelo zithintele umthetho abawuchasayo ngokusuka bangawucwangcisi ukuqwalasela.

Impembelelo yekomiti inganwela kuyo yonke inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ukuya kukumiselwa kwamatyala kumthetho, kunye nelungu lekomiti, ngokufuthi sisihlalo, sisenza indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni icebo leNdlu yeNdlu epheleleyo. Isitulo sisebenza njengomphathi womgangatho xa umthetho wekomiti uxutyushwa yiBhunga elipheleleyo, ukukhusela ityala kunye nokuphathana nabanye abaququzeleli ukukhusela ukudlula kwalo.

Amalungu eKomiti aza kumiselwa njengeeNdlu zoXanduva lweNdlu yeNdlu yeeNdlela yeNdlela yokuHlahlela nokudluliswa kweNdlu yabameli. Oku kunika amalungu ekomiti, ingakumbi isitulo, impembelelo eqhubekayo kwanasemva kokuba iNdlu yeeNtsimbi idlulise umthetho.

Amalungu Angqukuva

Zonke iikomiti zibekwa lilungu leqela elininzi, nangona izihlalo zisebenza ngokusondeleyo nelungu eliphezulu lekomiti, elona lungu likhulu leqela elincinane kwikomiti. Eli qela lisebenza njengenkokeli yeqela elincinane kwikomiti kwaye linokuwuphembelela ngokuphawulekayo umsebenzi wekomiti ngencoko kunye nentsebenziswano nesitulo.

Ngokwendlela esetyenziswa ngayo, iikomiti ezininzi zisebenza kwisiseko se-bipartis, nezihlalo namalungu aphezulu asebenza kunye ukuphuhlisa umthetho onokuthi utsale inkxaso kuwo omabini amaqela. Le ntsebenziswano ixhaphakile ingakumbi kwiikomiti eziqhubana nemibandela encinci yokukhetha amatyala okanye xa zithetha ngezinto ezingxamisekileyo zesizwe.

Imida Yemithetho Yokhokelo Lwekomiti

INkomfa yaseRiphabliki isebenza njengesihlalo okanye njengelungu eliphakamileyo lekomiti elincinane ukuya kumabinzana amathathu (okanye iminyaka emithandathu). Lo mthetho, osebenza kwiiRiphabliki kuphela, wenzelwe ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwamandla amaninzi ezandleni zezitulo ezinde zokulawula nokuvelisa amathuba amanye amalungu okuthatha izikhundla zokhokelo.

Ngoko, imithetho yeqela leRiphabliki imisela ukuba ukhokelo lwabo lweekomiti ezimileyo lungasebenzi ngaphezulu kwamabinzana amathathu (iminyaka emibini ngalinye) njengelungu eliphezulu, ngaphandle kokuba ingqungquthela yeqela libanike umxhasi wokwenza oko. Eli lungiselelo livumela iqela ukuba ligcine iinkokeli ezinamava xa iimeko zivuma.

IiKomiti Ezimileyo ZeNtlanganiso Enkulu Nezityholo Zazo

IKomiti yokucela

IKomiti yeNtlanganiso yeeNkcukacha ijongene nokubekwa komthetho wokubhalisa imali yemali ngaphambi kwenkcitho yomnikelo. Le komiti yenye yezona nkonzo zinamandla kwiNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNdlu zeMali ngenxa yokuba ilawula izihlalo zemali zikarhulumente worhulumente. Nyaka ngamnye, iKomiti yeZigqibo kufuneka idlulise iindleko zokuhlawula iindleko zoorhulumente, iyinike intlawulo kuyo phantse yonke inkalo yenkqubo karhulumente.

IKomiti yezemali

IKomiti yeNtlanganiso yezeMali inemithetho elawula imicimbi yerhafu, amatyala, amasiko, urhwebo lwangaphandle, kunye neenkqubo zempilo phantsi koMthetho weNtlalo-ntle yoKhuseleko njengoMgaqo-siseko weMedicare. Le komiti iphethe omnye weyona mithetho ilandelayo echaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla bamaMerika, ukusuka kwinkqubo yerhafu ukuya kwiinkqubo zonyango ezinceda izigidi zabaxhamli.

IKomiti yeeNkonzo zeNtlalo-ntle

IKomiti yeNtlanganiso yeeNkonzo zeZixhobi inegunya lowiso-mthetho kumkhosi nakukhuselo. Le komiti ijonge iSebe loKhuselo, imisebenzi yomkhosi, kunye nenkqubo yokhuseleko lwesizwe. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugunyaziseni ukusetyenziswa kwemali yokuzikhusela nokubumba inkqubo yomkhosi.

IKomiti yoNxulumano lwaMazwe Angaphandle

IKomiti yeCathena engokwaManyano zaMazwe Angaphandle yamiselwa ngo1816 njengenye yeekomiti ezilishumi zokuqala ezimileyo zeNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNkulumbuso. Le komiti yembali ilawula kwiinkqubo zamanye amazwe, ulwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe, kunye nezivumelwano. Indima yomGaqo-siseko yeNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu yeMigaqo-siseko ekuvumeni inika le komiti ukubaluleka okukhethekileyo ekulungiseni ulwalamano lwamaMelika namanye amazwe.

IKomiti yoMququzeleli

IKomiti yoLawulo isingatha umthetho onxulumene neenkundla zelifa lemveli, ukuhlaziywa komgaqo-siseko, umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho, ukufuduka, kunye nenkululeko yabemi. Le komiti ikwaqhuba ikomiti eqinisekisa ukuchotshelwa kweejaji zephondo, kuquka namajaji eNkundla Ephakamileyo, iyenza ibe yenye yeekomiti ezibonakalayo ngexesha lemfazwe yokuqhaqhamisa.

IKomiti yempilo, yemfundo, yeSebe, neyePenteon (HELP)

IKomiti yeNtlanganiso yezeMpilo, yemfundo, yeMisebenzi, neyeNtlalo yeNkcubeko ilawula imibutho emininzi, iziko neenkqubo zeSebe lezeMpilo nezoLuntu. Le komiti ixubusha imibandela echaphazela ngokungqalileyo izigidi zabantu baseMerika, ukususela kwimigaqo yemfundo ukuya kwimimiselo yezemfundo ukuya emsebenzini ukuya kumanyathelo onyango oluntu.

Indlela Iikomiti Eziyilo Umthetho Nomgaqo-nkqubo

Umsebenzi wokugcina amasango

Iikomiti zisebenza njengabagcini-sango abamisela ukuba ngawaphi amatyala aqwalaselwa nzulu kwaye ngawaphi angazange aqwalaselwe ngaphambili. Iikomiti zigqiba ukuba ngawaphi amatyala nezigqibo eziqhubekekayo ukuya phambili ukuqwalaselwa yiNdlu okanye yiNdlu yeeNtlanganiso. Eli gunya lithetha ukuba izihlalo zesango namalungu ekomiti anokuwubulala ngokunempumelelo umthetho ngokungavumi nje ukuthatha inyathelo kuwo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, amalungu ngamanye afuna ukugqitha kwiikomiti ngokugatya kwikomiti ejongene nomlinganiselo, ngaloo ndlela egcina umthetho kumgangatho uqwalaselwe yiBhunga elipheleleyo, okanye angaphepha iikomiti ezisenokuba nengtshaba ngokunikela ii-projekthi zonke njengezilungiselwa amatyala kwamanye ngexesha lokuqwalasela kwawo umgangatho, kodwa kuninzi lwamatyala, amalungu asebenza ngenkqubo yeekomiti ukudluliswa komthetho.

Ingcali kunye nokuzichaza okukhethekileyo

Kuwo omabini la maziko, ubuchule obuninzi bomgaqo-nkqubo obukwikomiti ezimileyo – amacandelo asuka kuwo omabini adla ngokukhokela ekuphuhliseni nasekuhloleni umthetho, namalungu asebenza kwiqela elincinane leekomiti, ngokufuthi kangangeminyaka emininzi, abavumela ukuba babe nolwazi oluphezulu kwimimandla ethile yemigaqo.

Oku kuququzelela imigaqo-siseko ngokuqinisekisa ukuba imiba yenkqubo entsonkothileyo ihlolwa ngabaququzeleli abaqonda iinkcukacha zobugcisa kunye neziphumo ezisebenzisekayo. Amalungu eKomiti akhulisa ulwalamano neengcaphephe, abagcini-matyala, namagosa amaqumrhu kwiindawo zawo zolawulo, ezinika ulwazi neembono ezazisa umsebenzi wawo wowiso-mthetho.

Ukulawula nokuphendula

Amalungu ekomiti nabasebenzi bagxininisa ixesha labo elininzi ekuqulunqeni nasekuqwalaseleni izindululo zowiso-mthetho, kodwa iikomiti ziyabandakanyeka kweminye imisebenzi, ziphethe iKhomishini enelungelo nembopheleleko yokulungiselela ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo, iikomiti zayo zikhokele kulo mgudu, kwaye zombini iigumbi zinika iikomiti zazo amandla abalulekileyo nokukhululeka kolawulo nophando kwimibuzo yenkqubo kawonke-wonke kunye neziphumo zayo.

IiKomiti ziyakulawula ukuqinisekiswa okanye ukugatywa koomongameli, ziqwalasele izivumelwano nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, zithathe amatyala, ziqalise uphando ngesenzo esirhanelekayo sobubi obukrokrelekileyo. Lo msebenzi wokuvelela uqinisekisa ukuba isebe eliphetheyo lihlala linetyala kwiBhunga, kwaye, kwanangoku, kubantu baseMerika.

Ukwakha Imbambano Nokulalanisa

IiKomiti zilungiselela ukulungiselela ulwakhiwo nokuvumelana ngemibandela ephikisanayo. Le nkqubo ivumela amalungu ukuba asebenzele ukusingatha ukungavisisani ngendlela ephantsi kweNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukufumana isiseko esifanayo nemithetho yezobugcisa enokutsala inkxaso ye-bipartisan.

Ngexesha lentlanganiso yokunyusa ixabiso, amalungu ekomiti asuka kuwo omabini amacala anganika utshintsho kunye nokuxoxa ngotshintsho kumthetho. Le nkqubo yokunyusa iziphumo ezibonisa igalelo elisuka kwiimbono ezininzi kwaye anamathuba angcono okudlula kwiNdlu yeeNyanga epheleleyo.

Imbali Yendaleko Yenkqubo Yekomiti

Ukukhetha Ukuya Kwiikomiti Ezizimeleyo

Inkqubo yekomiti yeBhunga iye yavela ngokumangalisayo ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zomthetho weBhunga. Emva kokufika kwiinjongo ezibanzi zomthetho ocetyisiweyo, iNdlu yeNtlanga yamisa ikomiti ukuguqula ezi ngcamango zibe ngumbhalo wezandla okhethekileyo, iikomiti ezininzi ezikhethiweyo kwii-1790 zimiselwe ukuqwalasela iindleko sele zidluliselwe yiNdlu, ziqukiwe ngamalungu amathathu eshishini lesiqhelo kunye namalungu amahlanu kwimiba enzima engakumbi, namalungu akhethwe ngunogada weBhathelo elipheleleyo kunye nelungu elamkela iivoti ezininzi ezimiswe njengesihlalo, kwaye lathi lakuba ikomiti ithumele isibhengezo somrhumo se-Romati epheleleyo, ngokufuthi kwimicimbi yeeveki, loo komiti izakuchithakala.

Ukufuduselwa kwinkqubo yeekomiti ezimileyo zayihlaziya ngokuphawulekayo inkqubo yowiso-mthetho kwiNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, namatyala aziswa kwiNdlu yeeNtlanga abhekisela ngokukhawuleza ekumiseni iikomiti ukuze ziqwalaselwe kuqala kunokuba iNdlu yeeNtlanganiso ezeleyo ifikelele isivumelwano esipheleleyo somthetho ize ibhalise ikomiti ekhethiweyo ukuze iwugqibe kakuhle, ivumela iikomiti ezimileyo ukuba zikhokele ekugqibeni ukuba nguphi umthetho oya kuqwalaselwa yiBhunga leNtsimbi.

ISivumelwano soMgaqo-siseko sowe-1946

Ukwanda komsebenzi karhulumente worhulumente ngexesha loKudodobala Okukhulu neMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwakhokelela kwenye iNguquko kwinkqubo yeekomiti, ngokuhambelana noMthetho ka-1946 kaMasipala Reorganisation Act ohlisa inani leekomiti ukusuka kuma-33 ukuya kwi-15, ukunciphisa inani lezihlalo kwikomiti nganye, ukutshintsha kolawulo, nokwandisa amandla ekomiti okulungiselela ulawulo lweziko lesebe elilawulayo nokuphanda ngemiqathango ngokulungiselela abangeyonxalenye yecaka, abasebenzi abangoochuku.

Ngaphambili, iikomiti kufuneka zixhomekeke ngokuyintloko kumasebe aphetheyo nakumaqela alawulayo ukuze afumane inkcazelo encinci yenkqubo, kodwa kwakhona andayo abasebenzi banegalelo kubuchule beekomiti bokuqhuba uphando olukhawulezileyo lwemisebenzi karhulumente neengxaki zentlalo nezoqoqosho ezijongene nelizwe. Oku kuphuhliswa kweekomiti ezijongene nezobugcisa kwazinzileyo zisebenza kwaye zizimele.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa Kwenkqubo Yekomiti

Name

Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, ukwanda kokuhlaliswa kweenqanawa ezizimeleyo kuye kwachaphazela indlela ezisebenza ngayo iikomiti. Ngoxa iikomiti ngokwesithethe zisebenza njengeendawo zentsebenziswano nezokulalanisa, ulwahlulo olukhulayo lweengcamango phakathi kwamaqela luye lwakwenza kwaba nzima ngakumbi ukufumana isiseko esinye. Iivoti zekomiti ziye ziwa ngokuqhubekayo kwimida yeqela, kwaye amalungu ambalwa asenokuziva engangenelwanga kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho.

Ukunikela Ingqalelo Kumandla

Inkqubo yekomiti igxininisa amandla abalulekileyo ezandleni zezihlalo zekomiti namalungu aphezulu. Ngeli xesha olu hlomelo lwamandla lungakhuthaza ukuphumelela nobuchule, lungakwamisela amathuba okuba amalungu amancinane aphembelele umthetho yaye lungasoloko lubonakalisa ukhetho lwamalungu eBhunga elibanzi.

Iimpikiswano Eziphambili

Njengoko imiba yenkqubo iba mininzi kwaye idibene, imida yolawulo phakathi kweekomiti ingenza iingxaki. Imali enye ingachaphazela imiba ephantsi kolawulo lweekomiti ezininzi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimbambano zokuba yiyiphi ikomiti emele iphathe umthetho okanye ifune umanyano phakathi kweekomiti ezininzi.

Ukucaca kunye nokufikelela

Ngoxa iikomiti ezininzi zivuleleke kubantu, umsebenzi oninzi ozinzileyo weekomiti uyenzeka kwizicwangciso ezingabonakaliyo. Iintlanganiso zokuphawula, iingxoxo phakathi kwamalungu ekomiti, kunye neengxoxo nabasebenzi zisenokungafumani umgangatho ofanayo wokuqwalaselwa kwabantu njengeengxoxo zomgangatho, ukuphakamisa inkxalabo ngokubona gca nangokokuba noxanduva.

Indima Yamasebe EKomiti

Amalungu ekomiti abasebenzi adlala indima ebalulekileyo kodwa edla ngokutyeshelwa kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Aba basebenzi banobuchule banikela ubuchule bomgaqo-nkqubo, ukuqhuba uphando, umthetho olungelelanisayo, ukulungiselela imisebenzi yokuchongwa kwekomiti, nokulawula imisebenzi yemini yonke. Amaninzi namaqela amancinane agcina abasebenzi bawo bekomiti, eqinisekisa ukuba omabini amacala anenkxaso yoochwepheshe.

Amalungu abasebenzi asoloko ephuhlisa ubuchule obunzulu kulawulo lwekomiti yawo kwaye alondoloze ulwalamano namagosa aphezulu esebe, amaqela abantu abanomdla, kunye neengcaphephe ezingaphandle.

Ukwenziwa kobuchule kwabaphathi beekomiti, abaqala ngoMthetho we-Gastivation Reorganization Act ka-1946, buye bandisa ubuchule beNgqungquthela ukuqhuba uhlalutyo oluzimeleyo kunye nokungamela kwesebe elilawulayo. Amalungu abasebenzi angavavanya izicelo zezibonelelo zeziko, ahlole iimpembelelo ezinokwenzeka zomthetho, kwaye aqonde imibango ekhoyo efuna ukuqwalaselwa kwengqungquthela.

Indlela Abami Abanokubandakanyeka Ngayo KwiiKomiti ZeNtlanganiso

Umsebenzi weKomiti woHlola

I-website yeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso (www.sente.gov) inika inkcazelo malunga namalungu ekomiti, amagunya, kunye neekomiti ezicwangcisiweyo. iBhunga.gov inikela iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha eziziindleko ezibhekiswe kwiikomiti nakwiingxelo zeekomiti.

Iikomiti ezininzi zigcina iiwebhsayithi zazo ezinezinto ezongezelelekileyo, kuquka iintetho ezivakalayo, ubungqina nezinto ezisetyenziswayo.

Ukungqina Ezindlebeni

Nangona amangqina amaninzi kwiikomiti ekufuneka emenywe ngamalungu ekomiti okanye abasebenzi, ngamanye amaxesha abemi nemibutho banokucela amathuba okungqina, ingakumbi xa kuthethwa ngokuhlanganisa igalelo loluntu. Ukunikezela ubungqina obubhaliweyo ngengxelo yokuchongwa kusoloko kulula kunokufumana isimemo sokunikela ubungqina.

Amalungu eKomiti enxibelelana

Abahlali bangaqhagamshelana namaqumrhu asebenza kwiikomiti ezinxulumene nenkxalabo yawo. Amalungu eKomiti kunye nabasebenzi bawo banikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiingxoxo ezingemibandela ephantsi kolawulo lwekomiti yabo, njengokuba ezi zimimandla apho umphathi-mbutho enempembelelo engqalileyo kumthetho.

Ukusebenza namaqela anomdla

Amaqela anomdla kunye nemibutho enika inkxaso-mali idla ngokunikela ingqalelo engakumbi kwiikomiti ezinxulumene nemithetho, njengalapho kulapho inako ukunempembelelo enkulu kumthetho. Ingingqi zingandisa amazwi ayo ngokusebenza nemibutho enabelana ngenkqubo yayo kwaye iye yamisela ulwalamano namalungu ekomiti kunye nabasebenzi.

Ikamva Leekomiti Zendlu Yezigwebo

Inkqubo yeKomiti yeNtlanganiso iyaqhubeka iguquka ngenxa yokutshintsha kwempembelelo yezobupolitika, imingeni evelayo, kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa.

[[Umthetho:0] Ubugcisa bezentengiso kunye nokubonisa ngaphaya: izixhobo zamanani kunye namaqonga e-intanethi yenza imisebenzi yeekomiti ifikeleleke ngakumbi kuluntu. Ukuphila kuqokelelwa kweendlebe, ukupapashwa kwe-intanethi yamaxwebhu, kunye nokuququzelelwa kwamajelo onxibelelwano lwezentlalo kuvumela abemi ukuba balandele umsebenzi wekomiti ngokulula kunangaphambili.

Imimandla edityanisiweyo yomgaqo-nkqubo:[[FT:1] Imingeni emitsha efana nokhuseleko lwekhompyutha, ubuntlola obungeyonyani, ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokulungiselelwa kwezifo ezimandundu kusenokufuna utshintsho kulawulo lwekomiti okanye ukudalwa kweekomiti ezintsha okanye iikomitana ezincinci ukucombulula le miba ngempumelelo.

[[NTLA] ``Bipartisan Comment Ngaphandle kokunyuka kwemimandla engaphandle, ezinye iikomiti ziyaqhubeka zisebenza kwisiseko se-bipartisan, ingakumbi xa ziphendula imicimbi engawi kakuhle kwimigca efuna ukuphinda i-phinde ilandele. Ukusebenza kweekomiti kwixesha elizayo kungaxhomekeka kubuchule bazo bokugcina izithuba zencoko yokwakha i-bipartarian.

Isantya sobuNtloko: Ukulondoloza abasebenzi bobulungu abaqeqeshiweyo kunye noovimba basafuneka ukwenzela ukuba iBhunga lolawulo oluphezulu likwazi ukuphatha ngokunempumelelo nokuphuhlisa umthetho onolwazi. Iingxoxo malunga nobuchule bobuququ kunye nobuncwane obukhoyo kwiikomiti ziya kuqhubeka.

Isiphelo: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukho kweeKomiti Zendlu Yeentlokoma

Iikomiti zeShenate zisebalulekile kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho, zisebenza njengamaqela akhethekileyo ahlola imiba enzima yenkqubo, aqokelele ubungqina obungoochule, umthetho wezobugcisa, kunye nolawulo lokuphunyezwa kwemithetho yesebe elilawulayo. Le nkqubo yeBhunga ivumela iNdlu yeeNtsimi zolawulo ukuba ikwazi ukusingatha umsebenzi omkhulu ngokufanelekileyo ngoxa iphuhlisa ubuchule obufunekayo ukusingatha imingeni entsonkothileyo.

Ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo kunika ukuqonda okubalulekileyo ngendlela enokwenziwa ngayo imithetho nendlela abemi abanokuwusebenzisa ngayo ngokunempumelelo urhulumente wabo. Ukusuka kwisalathisi sokuqala semali yokuqulunqwa kwemithetho ngokucaciswa, ngentlanganiso yokwaluleka, nangendlela yokugqibela yokuhamba, iikomiti zibumba umthetho ngalo lonke ixesha lenkqubo.

Amandla eekomiti okugqiba ukuba ngawaphi amatyala aphambili nawaphi na afela kwikomiti, edityaniswe nabaphathi beezihlalo abacwangcisiwe, enza la masuntswana abagcini-sango ababalulekileyo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Oku kuxinezelo lwamandla kunezingenelo zombini . "Ubuchule bokuqhuba kunye nokusebenza" kwaye ngokubhekiselele kwicandelo ledemokhrasi qhayiya")

Njengokuba iNdlu yeeNtlanganiso iqhubeka izama ukuzama ukucinezela ulawulo lwesizwe, inkqubo yekomiti iya kuhlala ingundoqo kubuchule beBhunga bokusebenza ngokunempumelelo, ukuqhuba ulawulo olunentsingiselo, nokumela izilangazelelo ezahlukeneyo zabantu baseMelika. Abahlali abayiqondayo indlela iikomiti ezisebenza ngayo baxhotyiswe bhetele ukuba babe nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi baze bagcine abameli babo benoxanduva.

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olungakumbi malunga nenkqubo yowiso-mthetho, tyelela .gov, iwebhsayithi esemthethweni yolwazi lowiso-mthetho lwezwe. Ukufunda okungakumbi ngeekomiti ezithile zeCanternal kunye nemisebenzi yazo yangoku, tyelela iphepha leKomiti lezentengiso.