Ukuqonda Iimvavanyo Zokuba Ngummi

Iimfuno zokuhlaziywa komzimba zibumba isiseko solona lungiselelo lwendalo ehlabathini lonke. Olu vavanyo lungqina ukuba umfaki-sicelo umisele unxibelelwano lokwenene nelizwe ngobukho bomzimba obuqhubekayo kunye nemeko esemthethweni. Igunya elilawula ukufuduka lisebenzisa le mithetho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngummi linikwe abantu ababonise imbopheleleko kuhlanga lwabo olumkelweyo.

Ixesha elisezantsi lokufumana into ngelizwe

Ixesha elifunekayo lokuhlala liyahluka-hluka ngokuphawulekayo kumazwe ngamazwe. I-United States ifuna iminyaka emihlanu yokuhlala ngokusisigxina (iminyaka emithathu ukuba itshate nommi wase-United States). IKhanada igunyazisa ukuba kubekho ubuncinane iintsuku eziyi-0,95 kwiminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba kufunyanwe isicelo. I-Australia ifuna iminyaka emine yokuhlala ngokusemthethweni ubuncinane kangangeenyanga ezili-12 njengommi osisigxina. I-United Kingdom ilindele ukuba abantu bahlale iminyaka emihlanu benonyaka othe kratya kunye nonyaka ongomnye bemi bobomi obusisigxili phantsi kweemeko ezininzi.

Amazwe angamalungu e-European Union abonisa umahluko ofanayo. IJamani ifuna iminyaka esibhozo yokuhlala, encitshiswe yaya kwisixhenxe enezifundo zokuhlala ezigqityiweyo. IFransi ifuna iminyaka emihlanu yokuhlala rhoqo, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwiminyaka emibini kwiimeko ezithile ezingaqhelekanga. ISpeyin ifuna iminyaka elishumi yokuhlala ngokusemthethweni okuqhubekayo, nangona eli xesha linciphisa iminyaka emibini kubafaki-zicelo abasuka kumathanga aseSpeyin.

Unxulumano oluqhubekayo luyaphikisana. Unxulumano olubonakalayo

Umthetho wohlalo-mali wahlula phakathi kobukho obuqhubekayo kunye neemfuno zokoqobo. Ukubakho okuqhubekayo kuthetha ukuba umfaki-sicelo ugcine indawo yakhe yokuhlala esisiseko kwelo lizwe ngaphandle kokungabikho ixesha eligqithisileyo. Izizwe ezininzi zigqala ukungabikho kwenyanga engaphaya kwesithandathu okanye ukunqongophala kokungabikho unyaka omnye njengesithuba sokuhlala okuqhubekayo. Amanye amazwe avumela ngaphandle komsebenzi wasemkhosini, umsebenzi karhulumente kwelinye ilizwe, okanye ungxamiseko lwezonyango.

Imfuno zobukho bomzimba zichaza inani elincinci leentsuku umfaki-sicelo makabe ngaphakathi kwelizwe ngexesha lokufaneleka. Indlela yokubala yeKhanada ingqongqo kakhulu, ifuna ukubala imihla yabo yobukho bokoqobo ngokuchanekileyo. I-United States Citizentityship kunye neeNkonzo zoHlalulo-Mbali zisebenzisa umgangatho othambe ngakumbi kodwa usahlola ukungabikho okwandisiweyo.

Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezikhethekileyo nezingagqibekanga

Amazwe amaninzi anika amaxesha okuhlala ancitshisiweyo kwiindidi ezithile zabafaki-zicelo. Ezi zimvo zisebenza:

  • Abatshakazi babemi: Ngokufuthi bafanele ukulinda ixesha elifutshane. IUnited States inika amaqabane atshate ase-U.U.U.U.U.M.B. unciphisa imfuneko yokuhlala iminyaka emithathu kumaqabane ahlala eBritani.
  • Iimbacu nabantu abakhuselweyo: Amazwe aliqela abala ixesha alichitha ekhuselekile kwimfuno yokuhlala. IKhanada iqonda isiqingatha sexesha elichithwayo njengomntu okhuselweyo ngaphambi kokuba afumane indawo yokuhlala esisigxina.
  • Inkonzo yasemkhosini: Amanye amazwe anika abantu abakhonza kwimikhosi yabo exhobileyo imvume yokuzikhusela. I-United States ineelungiselelo elikhethekileyo kubantu abangengobantu abakhonza ngesidima ngexesha lemfazwe.
  • Abanikazi beemali nabathengisi: Iinkqubo zezizwe ezineencwadi zokubhalisa zisoloko zinikela iindlela ezikhawulezayo zobumi ukuze zifumane abanikeli bemali abaninzi.

Ukubhala Icala Lakho

Amagosa afuna ukunikezela ngoxwebhu olude ukuqinisekisa ukuba afezekise iimfuno zokuhlala. Ubungqina bomzekelo buquka iirekhodi zomsebenzi, iirhafu zerhafu, izivumelwano zoncedo, iindleko zezezonyango, iingxelo zebhanki, kunye nee-log zohambo. Abaphathi boququzelelo-kunqamleza-oooonxando olu-okanye la maxwebhu ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki. Ukugcina iirekhodi ezicwangcisiweyo kulo lonke ixesha lokuhlala kwakho kuyenza icace inkqubo yesicelo.

Izixhobo zamanani kunye nee-apps zokulandelela iinqwelo-moya ezihambayo zinganceda abafaki-zicelo bagcine iirekhodi ezichanekileyo zokungena nokuphuma kwabo. Abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bagcine iikopi zazo zonke izitampu zokungena, iindleko zokuhlambela, kwaye bahambe ngeenqanawa. Amanye amazwe ngoku asebenzisa iinkqubo zokungena ezizizo ezizizo ezinika iingxelo zokuhamba ezisemthethweni xa kuceliwe.

Iimfuno Zokuzingca Ngolwimi Ukuze Uzibone

Uvavanyo lweelwimi luqinisekisa ukuba abemi abatsha bayakwazi ukunxibelelana ngokunempumelelo ngolwimi olusemthethweni okanye ngeelwimi zelizwe labo abalifumeneyo. Olu hlolisiso lubonisa ukuba kukho ubuchule bolwimi obufunekayo ukuze kusetyenziswe ubomi bemihla ngemihla, umsebenzi, kunye nokuze kuqwalaselwe igalelo.

Imigangatho yokuvavanya iilwimi ngokungxengxezwa

Amazwe athetha isiNgesi afuna izicelo eziqhelekileyo ukubonisa ubuchule obulinganayo nomgangatho ophakathi womgangatho wesakhelo solwimi lwaseYurophu oQhelekileyo kwiiNyanga. IKhanada isebenzisa iGama lolwimi lweKhanada iBenchmarks, ifuna ubuncinane boMgangatho 4 (i-basilic) ekuthetheni nasekuphulaphuleni ubumi. I-Australia imisela imigangatho elungelelaniswe nenkqubo yeNtekstiki yokuvavanya Ulwimi lwamaNgesi, efuna inqaku le-5,0 okanye ngaphezulu.

Amazwe angathethi siNgesi agcina imigangatho yawo. IJamani ifuna ubuchule obuyi-B1 kumlinganiselo weCEFR kwabaninzi abacela isicelo. I-Netherlands inika i-A2 imiyalelo yomgangatho wobuchule bokufumana umgangatho wendalo. IFransi ilindele umgangatho we-B1 kwisiFrentshi esithethwayo, esihlolwa ngodliwano-ndlebe kunokuba kuvavanywe ngokusesikweni.

I-Ireland ibalasele njengelizwe elithetha isiNgesi elingenalo uvavanyo olusemthethweni lolwimi lokuba ngummi nangona abafaki-zicelo kufuneka babonise ubuchule obusengqiqweni ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe lokwenziwa kwendalo. Eli tyala liqwalasela ukukwazi kwesicelo ukuba nenxaxheba kudliwano-ndlebe ngesiNgesi ngaphandle kotoliko.

Amalungu ovavanyo kunye nokukrola

Uninzi lweemvavanyo ezisemthethweni zobumi lubonisa ukuba iintlola ezine ezingundoqo:

[[UMTL:0] Ukuphulaphula uluvo kulinganisa ubuchule bokuqonda ulwimi oluthethwayo ngokwemeko yemihla ngemihla. Abavavanyi baphulaphula incoko erekhodiweyo, izaziso, okanye imiyalelo kunye nemibuzo ephathelele umxholo. Eli lungu liyila isiseko sonxibelelwano olunxulumeneyo.

ubuchule bokuthetha uvavanya ukuphimisela, ukuchana kwentetho, ukuchana kwegrama, nokukwazi ukuchaza ngokucacileyo iingcamango. Abafaki-zicelo babandakanyeka kwincoko ngemibandela eqhelekileyo, amava obuqu, kunye nemixholo yengingqi. Kwi-imviwo yokuthetha zivumela abavavanyi ukuba bavavanye ukuqukuqela konxibelelwano lwendalo nokuqonda ngexesha lokwenene.

Ukufunda ukuqondwa kwegama kuvavanya ubuchule bokuqonda izinto ezibhaliweyo ezisoloko zidityaniswe kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Uvavanyo luquka iimpawu, iifomu, amanqaku eendaba, amaxwebhu asemthethweni, kunye neencwadi zemfundo yoluntu. Amaxwebhu kufuneka abonise ukuba anokufumana intsingiselo kwimiqathango ebhaliweyo.

Ivavanya ubuchukubhede ubuchule bokuvelisa unxibelelwano olucacileyo olubhaliweyo. Imisebenzi yokubhala iquka iifomu zokugqiba, ukubhala imiyalezo emifutshane, ukuchaza amava obuqu, kunye nokuchaza iimbono kwimixholo eqhelekileyo. Ezinye imimandla ifuna abafaki-zicelo ukuba babhale izivakalisi ezilula ezibonisa umgaqo-nkqubo osisiseko namagama.

Ukuhlangulwa

Amazwe amaninzi anikela ukuvalwa kwemiqathango yolwimi kumaqela athile. Abafaki-zicelo abakhulileyo badla ngokufumana imvume yokukhululwa ngokwabo. I-United States abacela ukukhululwa abasebenzi abangaphezulu kwama-50 abaye bahlala kweli lizwe iminyaka engama-20 ubuncinane. IKhanada icela ukuba bakhululwe ngeminyaka engama-65. Ukungakhutshelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho okusekelwe kwiminyaka efanayo eUnited Kingdom, e-Australia, nakumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu.

Ukungangeni kwezonyango kusebenza kubantu abafaka isicelo esineengxaki ezibhaliweyo ezithintela ukufumaneka kolwimi. Oku kukhululwa kufuna uxwebhu olungoogqirha oluqinisekisa imeko. Amagosa okungena konyango ahlola imeko nganye nganye kwaye anganika ezinye iindlela zokuhlola kunokukhulula okupheleleyo.

Abanye abemi bexesha elide ababonise ubuchule bolwimi ukutyhubela uvavanyo okanye imfundo ingabalungela ukurhoxisa. Amanye amazwe amkela ukugqitywa kweeklasi zolwimi ezivunyiweyo zikarhulumente njengobungqina bobuchule, ukuphelisa imfuneko yovavanyo olwahlukileyo.

Ukulungiselela uvavanyo kunye noovimba

Ukulungiselela ngokucokisekileyo kwandisa amathuba okudlula kwiimfuno zogcino-lwazi kunye novavanyo lobuchule bolwimi. Abacebisi kufuneka baqalise ukulungiselela kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba bafake isicelo sabo sobumi.

Izinto Ezifundwayo Ezisemthethweni

Abaphathi-mikhosi abafudukayo be-Rhulumente banikela izikhokelo zofundisiso kunye nezinto zokuqhelisa. IiNkonzo zoLawulo loluntu nezokuHlakulela i-Immigration inika iSikhokelo soKhuthazo" esigqubuthela ulwazi loluntu kwaye siquka ukuvavanya imibuzo yolwimi. Isikhokelo sokufunda seKhanada "I-Dififure Canada" siqulethe ulwazi olubalulekileyo kuvavanyo lwabami. Urhulumente wase-Australia ukhupha i-"Australian Citizenshipship: Our Combond" njengomthombo wezifundo ezisemthethweni.

Ezi zikhokelo ziquka iinkcukacha zemfuno zokuhlala, iifomu zesicelo, uvavanyo lwemibuzo, kunye nolwazi malunga nenkqubo yodliwano-ndlebe. Ezininzi zifumaneka ngeelwimi ezininzi neefomati ezifikelelekayo.

Iinkqubo zokufunda ulwimi

Iinkqubo zolwimi olusekelwe kuluntu zilungiselela ukulungiselela iimvavanyo zolwimi lwabemi. Iithala leencwadi zikawonke-wonke lidla ngokufumana amaqela eengxoxo kwaye linika amathuba okufumana ii-software zokufunda ii-software zolwimi. Iikholeji zoluntu kunye namaziko emfundo akhulileyo anikela izifundo ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo ukulungiselela ubumi. Ezi nkqubo zisoloko ziquka iinkcubeko eziquzelelwano zoluntu ezidityaniswe noqeqesho lolwimi.

kumaqonga olwimi olusetyenziswa kwikhompyutha anika abafaki-zicelo abaxakekileyo ukhetho lokufunda oluthambileyo. Amaqonga amakhulu anjenge-Duolingo, i-Babbel, neRosetta Stone anika izifundo ezilungelelaniswe nomgangatho weCEFR. Iiwebsite zokulungiselela ubumi ezikhethekileyo zinikezela ngoqheliselo olujoliswe kuvavanyo oluthile lwelizwe. Iinkonzo ezininzi ezi zinika ukufikelela okungeyomfuneko kunye nokhetho olungundoqo lwemisebenzi ephambili.

Izicelo zeselula zinika amathuba okuqhelisela aluncedo ngexesha lemitshini ejika-jikayo okanye uphumlo. Ii-apps zekhadi lokukhanya zinceda ngokufumana amagama anxulumene nemixholo yoluntu. Iinkqubo zotshintshiselwano lolwimi zidibanisa izinxulumani nabathethi bomthonyama ukuze baqhubeke bencokola.

Ziqhelise Ukuvavanya Nokuvavanya

Ukuqhelisa iimvavanyo phantsi kweemeko ezimiselwe ixesha kunceda abafaki-zicelo baphawule iindawo ezibuthathaka baze bakhe intembelo. Ukuvavanywa okusemthethweni kwii-website zikarhulumente kunikela eyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokulungiselela. Abavakalisi becandelo lesithathu banikela izinto ezongezelelekileyo zokuqhelisela ezifanisa iimeko zovavanyo.

Izixhobo ezizifaka uvavanyo zinceda abafaki-zicelo bahlole ukulungiselela kwabo phambi kokuba benze uvavanyo olusemthethweni. Izikolo ezininzi zolwimi zinika uhlolo lokunika uhlolo ngokukhululekileyo. imigangatho ye-intanethi inikela iimvavanyo zokuhlola ezichaza izithuba zobuchule obuthile. Abacebisi kufuneka bachaze ubuthathaka obuthile kuphando olujoliswe kulo phambi kokuba bazame ukuvavanya uphando olusemthethweni.

Iinkonzo zenkxaso yooGcisa

Imibutho ehlala abaphambukeli inikela iinkonzo zokulungiselela ubumi ngesisa okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi. Le mibutho inikela ukhokelo olunye olukhoyo lokugqiba iifomu zesicelo, ukuqokelela amaxwebhu axhasayo, nokulungiselela udliwano-ndlebe.

Abahlohli bobucala kunye neenkampani zokulungisa zinika uqeqesho olunzulu kubacebisi abafuna ukukhawuleziswa. Ezi nkonzo zibaluleke kakhulu kubafaki-zicelo abangazange baphumelele okanye abafuna ukuphucula ngokukhawuleza ukufikelela ixesha elimiselweyo lesicelo. Iindleko zahluka ngokubanzi, ngoko abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bathelekise iinketho kunye nokuqinisekisa iisiqinisekiso ngaphambi kokuba benze isicelo.

Igcisa elinamava okufuduka linganceda abo bafake izicelo zokuhlala apho bahlala khona, abakhe bachitha ixesha elide, okanye ezinye izinto ezibangela ingxaki, ukuba bafumane iindlela zokudibana neemfuno zokuhlala.

Inkqubo Yodliwano - ndlebe

Udliwano-ndlebe lobumi lusebenza njengenyathelo lokuhlola nokuqinisekisa. Ngexesha lencoko, amagosa okufuduka ahlola ubuchule bolwimi, ahlole iinkcukacha zesicelo, aqinisekise ukuba iimfuno zokuhlala zihlangatyezwa. Ukuqonda indlela yokuphendula kunceda abo bafaka isicelo ukulungiselela ngokunempumelelo.

Ukwenziwa kodliwano - ndlebe Nokujikeleza

Udliwano-ndlebe lobumi lulandela umgaqo ongaguquguqukiyo. Igosa liqala ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ungubani umfaki-sicelo nangokuhlola ulwazi lwesicelo. Imibuzo ephathelele imbali yokuhlala, imizekelo yokuhamba, kunye nomsebenzi inceda ekuqinisekiseni iimfuno eziqhubekayo zobukho. Igosa livavanya ubuchule bolwimi ngencoko yendalo ngemibandela yemihla ngemihla.

Uvavanyo lolwazi lwamafama lulandela uvavanyo lolwimi. Amagosa abuza imibuzo malunga nesakhiwo sikarhulumente, imbali yesizwe, neembopheleleko zoluntu. Amagosa kufuneka aphendule ngokufanelekileyo ukuze abonise ulwazi olwaneleyo. Amanye amazwe afuna iimvavanyo ezibhaliweyo zoluntu ukongeza kumbuzo womlomo.

Ucelomngeni Lodliwano - ndlebe Oluqhelekileyo

Imiqobo yolwimi ingenza ubunzima kwanabo bafaka isicelo abafezekise iimfuno ezisesikweni zovavanyo. Ukungaqini kunye nomahluko wolwimi ngamanye amaxesha kukhokelela ekungaqondani. Abaphathi-mikhosi baqeqeshelwa ukuphinda imibuzo nokunika ingcaciso xa iyimfuneko. Abacebisi abamele bathandabuze ukuphinda-phinda okanye ukuphinda-phinda.

Ukungangqinelani koxwebhu kungalibazisa ukuqhubekeka. Abaphathi bahlola ngenyameko amaxwebhu axhasayo ukuvumelana nolwazi lwesicelo. Imihla, iidilesi, kunye nembali zohambo kufuneka zidibane kuzo zonke izinto ezingenisiweyo. Ukulungiselela umqulu woxwebhu olungelelanisiweyo kukhusela ukudideka ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe.

Imbali entsonkothileyo yokuhlala ifuna ingcaciso ecacileyo. Izicelo ezihamba ngentshukumo ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe, izabelo ezandisiweyo zomsebenzi kwamanye amazwe, okanye ukukhenketha rhoqo kufuneka zilungiselele ushwankathelo olufutshane lomhla wembali yokuhlala kwazo. Ukunika olu xwebhu ngokulandelelanayo lungadibanisa inkqubo yodliwano-ndlebe.

Ulawulo lwexesha lesicelo

Ukutyunjwa kwezicelo zobumi kubandakanya amaxesha abalulekileyo okulungiselela ahluka-hlukeneyo ngokwelizwe nangokweemeko zomntu ngamnye. Ukuceba kusengaphambili kunciphisa uxinezeleko kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba abafaki-sicelo banokuhlangabezana neemfuno ngexesha lobunyani bovavanyo lolwimi.

Ukulungiselela izakhelo zexesha

Ukwenziwa kwesicelo sobumi sohlobo oluthile kusuka kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezibini. I-avareji ye-8 ukuya kweye-14 ukusuka kwisicelo sokufunga. I-Khanada inikela ingxelo yexesha lokulungiselela iinyanga ezimalunga ne-12 ukuya kwi-18. I-Ostreliya isebenza izicelo ezininzi kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-16. Amazwe aseYurophu abonisa umahluko omkhulu, kunye nokugqitywa kokusebenza ngenyanga ezintandathu kunye nezinye ezithatha iminyaka eliqela.

Uvavanyo lolwimi ludla ngokuba nemihla yokuphelelwa kwexesha elichaphazela ixesha lesicelo. Uninzi lwamazwe lumkela ubuninzi obusebenzayo iminyaka emibini ukusuka kumhla wovavanyo. Abacebisi kufuneka bacwangcise uvavanyo lolwimi ukuze ubuninzi buhlale busebenza ngexesha elilindelekileyo lokuqhubekeka.

Iingcebiso ezicwangcisiweyo

Ukuqalisa ukulungiselela ulwimi kwasekuqaleni kwexesha lokuhlala kwakho. Ubuchule bokwakha ulwimi ngokuthe ngcembe buvelisa iziphumo ezinamandla kunezokuba luxinzelele phambi kovavanyo. Ukubhalisa kwiiklasi zolwimi lwasekuhlaleni kubonisa imigudu yokudibanisa amagunya okufuduka.

Jonga iintsuku zakho zobukho ukusuka ekuqaleni kobukho bakho. Gcina iprogram yokukhangela okanye sebenzisa ii-apps ukukhangela ukubhala lonke uhambo. Oku kuqhelisa kuthintela imimangaliso emincinane yokugqibela xa ubala imihla yobukho obupheleleyo.

Lungisa amaxwebhu okuxhasa ngexesha lakho lokuphumla kunokulinda de kufike ixesha lesicelo. Gcina iifayile ezicwangcisiweyo zobuyiselo lwerhafu, iirekhodi zemisebenzi, izivumelwano zoqeshiso, namanye amaxwebhu asemthethweni. Le ntlangano ilungisa inkqubo yesicelo kwaye inciphisa uxinzelelo loxwebhu olufumana uxwebhu.

Khangela amaxwebhu okhokelo olusemthethweni kunye noovimba bokufuduka kwangoko kucwangciso lwakho. Iiwebsite zikarhulumente zinika iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha malunga neemfuno zangoku. Icandelo lesithathu lobuncwane obunjengesiSecoment.org yeKhanada okanye iUSA Moros yeUnited States inika ukhokelo olusebenzisekayo ngeelwimi ezininzi.

Sebenza nabameli abagunyazisiweyo abavela kwamanye amazwe ukuba imeko yakho ibandakanya ukuntsonkotha. Ukhokelo loogqirha lubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kubantu abafaka isicelo esineendlela ezingaqhelekanga zokuhlala, iingxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho, okanye ezinye izinto ezifuna ingcaciso. Ukuqinisekisa iisiqinisekiso ngenkqubo yokubhalisa esemthethweni ngaphambi kokuba baqulunqe imvume.