Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje elintsonkothileyo nelidibeneyo, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha yenkonzo kawonke-wonke yenza isiseko sokuthembana nokuphendula kwimibutho karhulumente nakurhulumente. Ukuphambuka kwezentengiselwano kungayiphelisa intembelo yoluntu ngobusuku obubodwa, ngelixa ukunamathela ngokuqinileyo kwimigaqo yokuziphatha kunokuxhasa ulawulo lwedemokhrasi kwizizukulwana. Ukuqonda ezi migaqo-siseko kubalulekile kuye nabani na obandakanyekileyo kwinkonzo kawonke wonke, ukusuka kumagosa anyuliweyo ukuya kumsebenzi wabezigosa, kwakunye nakubemi abagcina ezi nkokeli betyala. Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo luhlola iziseko, imigaqo, imingeni, kunye namaqhinga asebenzayo ekukhuthazeni ulawulo lwezezemali kwicandelo likawonke.

Isiseko Semithetho Yenkonzo Kawonke - wonke

Imigaqo yokuziphatha ekhokela ukuziphatha okuhle kurhulumente ayiyonto isungulwayo. Imigaqo ekhokelayo kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, ivela kwintanda-bulumko, kunqulo, kumthetho, nakumava asebenzisekayo. Isithandi sobulumko samandulo esingumGrike uAristotle sathi amagosa karhulumente amele ahlakulele iimpawu ezinjengobulungisa, inkalipho, kunye nokuzola ukuze alawule kakuhle. EMpuma, iimfundiso zobuConfucius zigxininisa imbopheleleko yokuziphatha yabalawuli yokusebenza njengemizekelo kwibutho labantu. Ezi ngcamango zisisiseko ziyaqhubeka zifundisa ngemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yanamhlanje.

Imilinganiselo yenkonzo kawonke-wonke yanamhlanje ihambelana nemithetho esemthethweni, imigaqo-siseko yobuchule yehambo, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yentlangano. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States, iMithetho yeMithetho kaRhulumente ka-1978 emiselwe imigaqo engokwamkelwa kwezemali kunye nengquzulwano yomdla. Imithetho efanayo ikho kumazwe asemhlabeni wonke, ibonisa imbono yokuba amagosa karhulumente kufuneka asebenze ngengqibelelo. Noko ke, ukuthotyelwa ngokwasemthethweni kukodwa akwanele. Ukhokelo lwezemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yokwenyaniso lufuna ukuzinikela kwimigaqo engaphaya koko kufunwa ngumthetho.

Ukubaluleka Okubalulekileyo Kwemilinganiselo Yokuziphatha Kwinkonzo Kawonke - Wonke

Kutheni imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ibaluleke kangaka kwinkonzo kawonke-wonke? Ngokungafaniyo necandelo labucala, apho ingeniso inokuba ngumxhasi oyintloko, inkonzo kawonke wonke ngokusisiseko ibhekisele ekulungeleni okuqhelekileyo. Abemi baphathisa abasebenzi boluntu ngegunya, ubuncwane, namandla okwenza izigqibo achaphazela ubomi, ibutho, kunye nemekobume. Xa elo themba lingcatshwa, iziphumo zinokuba qatha:

  • Ukuthemba Ulwakhiwo: Ihambo yezobukholo ikhuthaza ukuthembana phakathi koluntu norhulumente. Ukuthemba kubalulekile ekuthobeleni imithetho ngokuzithandela, ekuzimiseleni ukuhlawula irhafu, kunye nokusebenzisana kwentlalo. Urhulumente ogqalwa njengobonakeleyo okanye ozisebenzelayo uza kuzama ukufikelela iinjongo zakhe zenkqubo.
  • Uxanduva lwetyala: Abasebenzi boluNTU baphenduliswa ngezenzo nezigqibo zabo. Imilinganiselo engqongqo yokuziphatha yenza ulindelo olucacileyo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amagosa ayaphendula ngehambo yawo.
  • Imithetho yokuziphatha ikhuthaza okusesikweni nokulinganayo ekudlulisweni kweenkonzo zikawonke-wonke. Xa izigqibo zenziwa ngokungakhethi buso, ngokusekelwe kwimfaneleko nemfuno kunokuba bakhethe okanye ikhethe, abemi bafumana ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo phantsi komthetho.
  • Ubunzulu: Ukuxhasa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunyusa ingqibelelo yamaziko kawonke-wonke. Ingqibelelo ithetha ukusebenza ngokuzingisileyo ngamaxabiso achaziweyo, naxa kungekho mntu ujongileyo. Limbombo likarhulumente othembekileyo.
  • Ilitimatike: inkonzo kawonke-wonke enika imvume kwizenzo zikarhulumente. Abami basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokwamkela iinkqubo abakholelwa ukuba zaveliswa ngeenkqubo ezinyanisekileyo, ezicace gca.

Imeko ziphezulu. Uphando oluvela kwimibutho enjenge Transparency International lubonisa ukuba amazwe anemigangatho ephezulu yorhwaphilizo atyekele ekuncipheni kwezoqoqosho, amaziko edemokhrasi abuthathaka, nokungalingani okungaphezulu kwezentlalo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inkonzo kawonke-wonke inokuba ngumqhubi onamandla wenkqubela nozinzo.

Imigaqo yezomthetho kwiNkonzo kaRhulumente

Imigaqo emininzi esisiseko yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha inika abasebenzi boluntu isiseko sokujongana neemeko ezinzima baze benze izigqibo ezingolwazi. Nangona imithetho ethile isenokuhluka kwiimeko ezithile, le migaqo iyamkeleka ngokubanzi:

  • Intelekelelo:[[FT:1] Abasebenzi boluNtu kufuneka basebenze ngokukhululekileyo kwaye banike uluntu ulwazi. Oku kuquka ukucacisa ingqiqo emva kwezigqibo, ukuchaza iimpikiswano zomdla, kwaye ukwenza ugcino-lwazi lukarhulumente lufikeleleke. Ukubonakala gca kunceda abemi ukuba bagcine amagosa ephendulekile.
  • Iinggqibelo ezicalucalulo: Kufuneka zenziwe ngaphandle kocalucalulo okanye ikhethe. Abasebenzi boluntu kufuneka babeke bucala izilangazelelo zobuqu, abahlobo bezobupolitika, kunye nolwalamano lobuqu xa besenza imisebenzi yabo. Ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo phantsi komthetho kuphawu lwebutho elinobulungisa.
  • Uxanduva lwemali:[ Abalungiseleli boluntu kufuneka bazithathele imbopheleleko ngezenzo zabo, ngokomntu ngamnye nanjengeqela. Oku kuthetha ukwamkela iziphumo zeempazamo, ukusebenzisana neequmrhu zobuveleli, nokukulungela ukucacisa izigqibo kuwonke-wonke.
  • I- I-screens:[ Ukuphatha bonke abantu ngesidima nangentlonelo kungundoqo. Abalungiseleli basekuhlaleni basebenzisana nabantu abahlukeneyo kwaye kufuneka babonakalise inkathalo kwinkcubeko, unqulo, kunye nenkcubeko. Intlonelo ikwaquka nakumntu osebenza naye, ongaphantsi, kunye nabagcini-mali.
  • Inkonzo yoluntu ibiza iimfuno zoluntu ngaphezu kwephulo lomntu ngamnye.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukungaguqu-guquki: Ukungaguquki phakathi kwamagama nezenzo kwenza ukuthembeka. Abasebenzi bakawonke-wonke kufuneka baphephe imbonakalo yokungafezeki, njengokuba ingqiqo ingenza umonakalo njengokwenyani ukuziphatha okubi.
  • Inqanawa ehamba phambili: izibonelelo zoluntu("imali yokuhlawula irhafu, amazwe kawonke-wonke, ulwazi-----awuphi kufuneka zilawulwa kakuhle. Abaphathi-mikhosi bathetha ukusebenzisa ezi zinto ngokuphumelelayo, ngokuzinzileyo, nangeenjongo zazo.

Ukusebenzisa Imigaqo Ekuqheliseni: Umsebenzi wokwenza isakhelo

Xa kufikelelwa kwingxaki yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, abasebenzi bakawonke-wonke bangasebenzisa indlela elungelelanisiweyo. Okokuqala, chaza izibakala ezinxulumene nezithintelo. Okwesibini, qwalasela ukuba yiyiphi imigaqo yokuziphatha echaphazelekayo. Okwesithathu, hlolisisa ezinye iindlela zokusebenza ngokuchasene naloo migaqo. Okwesine, jonga imithetho enxulumene nemithetho, imiyalelo, kunye nabaququzeleli. Okokugqibela, cinga enoba isigqibo siya kumelana na nohlolo lwazi. Le nkqubo inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izigqibo azingomthetho nje kuphela kodwa zikwasemthethweni.

Imigaqo yesikhokelo sobugosa bezentlalo kwiNkonzo kaRhulumente

Ukhokelo lwendlela yokuziphatha lubalulekile ekukhuthazeni isithethe sengqibelelo kwimibutho yeenkonzo zikawonke-wonke. Iinkokeli zimisela indlela yokumisela imigaqo yokuziphatha engundoqo, zidlulisela isigidimi esinamandla kule mibandela yengqibelelo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa iinkokeli zinqumla iimbombo okanye zinyamezela ukuziphatha okubi, kubonakalisa imo yezulu. Nalu ukhokelo olufanelekileyo kwiinkokeli zokuziphatha kwicandelo likawonke-wonke:

  • Ikhokeli ezingundoqo zifanele zifanise ukuziphatha ezikulindele kwabanye. Oku kuthetha ukunyaniseka, ukukhanya, nokungagwebi kuyo yonke intsebenziswano. Ukuba inkokeli inyanzelisa ukuba ibambe ixesha kodwa ifika emva kwexesha kwiintlanganiso, ukuthembeka kuyantlukwano.
  • [[NTLA] Ukucombulula Incoko Yonxibelelwano Evulekileyo: Yenza imeko-bume apho abaqeshwa baziva bekhuselekile ukuxoxa ngemibandela yendlela yokuziphatha. Oku kuquka ukuba nemijelo yokuxela imigaqo efihlakeleyo, enjengeziqhulo ezishushu zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, nokuqinisekisa ukuba abavuli-mpeli bakhuselekile ekuziphindezeleni. Uphando kwi Ethics & Compliance Initive lubonisa ukuba isithethe sokuthetha sinciphisa ukuziphatha okubi.
  • [[NTLALA: 0] Uqeqesho lweprojekthi: Uqeqesho lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha oluthe rhoqo lunganceda ukuqinisa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha nokuxhobisa abasebenzi ngezixhobo zokusingatha iingxaki. Uqeqesho kufuneka lusebenzisa iimeko zehlabathi zokwenene abasebenzi abasenokudibana nazo. Lukwafanele luxolelene neendima ezahlukeneyo kunye nemigangatho yoxanduva.
  • [[NTL: 0] Isithintelo esicacileyo sePolitiki: Ukuphuhliswa nokunxibelelana nemigaqo-nkqubo ecacileyo yendlela yokuziphatha nemigaqo-nkqubo. Ezi zimele zigqume iimbambano zenzala, izipho kunye nokubuk ’ iindwendwe, ukusetyenziswa koovimba boluntu, imiqathango yasemva komsebenzi wengqesho, kunye nemisebenzi yezobupolitika. Ipoli kufuneka ifikeleleke, iqondaka, kwaye inyanzelelwe ngokungaguqukiyo.
  • Ukwamkelwa kokuziphatha okuthe ngqo: Ukwamkela nokuvuza ihambo entle kwintlangano. Ulwamkelo lukawonke-wonke, amabhaso, okanye uhlolo olulungileyo lwendlela yokwenza izinto lungafaka ingqibelelo. Ngokuchaseneyo, ihambo evakalala mayiphenjelelwe ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
  • [[NTLA] I-Promote Difiction and Inclusion: Ukhokelo lweNqanawa lufuna ukuxabisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo. Indawo engqongileyo edityanisiweyo apho amazwi ahlukeneyo avalwayo akhokelela kwizigqibo ezingcono kwaye anciphisa umngcipheko wokucinga kweqela elinokwenza ukuba ukuziphatha okungekho mthethweni kusebenze.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukukhetha u-Iintloko kukhetho lobuqu: kufuneka zisoloko zihlola ihambo yazo kunye nocalucalulo. Ukufuna impendulo kuontanga abathembekileyo, abacebisi, okanye abaphathi bemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunganceda ekuboneni iindawo ezifihlakeleyo.

Indima Yomphathi Oyintloko

Amaziko amaninzi kawonke-wonke amisela umphathi-mikhosi oMkhulu weMithetho okanye atyumbe iofisi yemigaqo-nkqubo. Lo mntu unomthwalo wokuphuhlisa uqeqesho, ukunikela amacebiso, ukuphengulula izikhalazo, nokuthobela imigaqo-nkqubo yokumiselwa kwemigaqo-siseko.

Ucelomngeni Kwinkonzo Kawonke - wonke

Nangona kubalulekile ukuba nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, iingxaki eziliqela ezizingisileyo zingathintela imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kwicandelo loluntu. Ukuqonda le miqobo linyathelo lokuqala lokuyilungisa:

  • Uxinzelelo lobuProtical: Abalungiseleli boLuntu bangajamelana nengcinezelo evela kumagosa anyuliweyo, iinkokeli zeqela, okanye amaqela abantu abanomdla ukuba bathathe amanyathelo achasene neenkolelo zabo ezifanelekileyo. Umzekelo, isicaka sasekuhlaleni singacelwa ukuba sikhuphe imvume yomnikeli wezopolitiko. Ukuxhathisa ingcinezelo enjalo kufuna inkalipho nenkxaso yequmrhu.
  • umthombo wemida: Imilinganiselo yoqingqo-mali, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi, kunye nokusebenza kakhulu kungadala iingxaki ezingokokuziphatha. Xa kujongwana neemfuno ezingenakufikeleleka, abasebenzi bakawonke-wonke bangahendelwa ekunqumleni iimbombo, ekusebenziseni ugcino-lwazi, okanye ekutyesheleni iinkqubo. Ukhokelo lobugcisa lubandakanya ukukhuthaza ubuncwane obaneleyo ngexa ugcina ingqibelelo phantsi koxinzelelo.
  • Ukunganyaniseki kwenkqubo yesiqhelo kungenza umgangatho ofanelekileyo kunye nokuthenjwa kwabantu bonke. Ukunyoba, ukurhwebelana, ukuqhatha, ziintlobo ezigqithisileyo zehambo engalunganga. Imigudu yokulwa nokonakala ifuna isiseko esiqinileyo somthetho, ukunyanzelisa, kunye nenkcubeko engafuni ukohlwaywa.
  • Ithala loqeqesho: uqeqesho olungoneleyo kwimicimbi yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha lungashiya abasebenzi bakawonke wonke bengakulungelanga ukuqaphela okanye ukusingatha iingxaki. Uninzi lokwaphulwa kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha lusuka ekungazini kunokuba kugwegwe. Imfundo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha rhoqo iyimfuneko.
  • Intelekelelo yeNkxaso: Abasebenzi bakawonke-wonke basoloko benendima ezininzi(njengemisebenzi, amalungu entsapho, abanini-shishini, okanye amatshantliziyo oluntu. Iingxabano zibakho xa izilangazelelo zobuqu ziphazamisana nemisebenzi esemthethweni. IDiscloyisi, i-recum, kunye nokuntywiliselwa ziingcelo eziqhelekileyo zokuzikhusela.
  • [[NTL:0] I-technology Disruption: ubugcisa obutsha obufana nobungeyo buchule bokuzenzela, ukwenza izigqibo ze-algorithm, kunye nolwazi lwezentlalo luzisa imingeni yendlela yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga. Siqinisekisa njani ukuba sinobulungisa xa i-algorith imisela inzuzo? Sizikhusela njani iziqu zethu zobuqu xa sisebenzisa ugcino-lwazi kuhlalutyo lwenkqubo? Amagosa kawonke-wonke kufuneka aqhelanise imigaqo-mthetho ekhoyo kule meko ijikeleza ngokukhawuleza.

Izifundo ezisuka ekusileleni kwenkangeleko ephezulu

Imbali izele yimizekelo yokusilela kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha nokonakeleyo kukholoso lukawonke-wonke. Ihlazo leWatergate kuma 1970, amahlazo eelebhu yeFBI, kunye namatyala akutshanje okungaphathwa kakuhle koorhulumente abafana neVeterans Health Administration bonke babalaselisa iziphumo zokungathobeli kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Kwimeko nganye, ukungaphumeleli kokhokelo, ulawulo, nenkcubeko yentlangano yasekuhlaleni kwavumela ukuba ukuziphatha okubi kukhule. Ngokuhlolisisa la matyala, abasebenzi basekuhlaleni banokufunda ukuqaphela imiqondiso elumkisayo baze bakhusele inyathelo.

Ukukhuthaza Izithethe EzingokweNkcubeko Kumaziko

Ukuyila izithethe zemilinganiselo kwimibutho yeenkonzo zikarhulumente kubalulekile ukuze kuphumelele ixesha elide. Inkcubeko ibhekisela kumaxabiso, izithethe, kunye neengcamango ezikhokela ukuziphatha. Isithethe sokuziphatha sinye apho ukwenza into elungileyo kungenakulahlwa, hayi okungaqhelekanga. Nazi iindlela zokukhuthaza impucuko enjalo:

  • [[Ukuzinikela kogcino-lwazi] Ukuzinikela: iinkokeli kufuneka zibonise ukuzinikela kwizenzo zokuziphatha kwintetho nakwisenzo. Oku kuquka ukubeka izibonelelo kwiinkqubo zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ukuthetha ekuhleni ngengqibelelo, nokuzigcina ngokwazo kwimigangatho ephezulu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Inxaxheba: Abasebenzi babandakanya imigaqo-nkqubo yendlela yokuziphatha kunye nezenzo. Xa abasebenzi benceda ekuveliseni imigaqo yehambo okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiikomiti zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, baziva bengabaphathi kwaye banokunamathela kwimigangatho.
  • Iziphumo ezizizo: Ihambo yohlolo oluthe rhoqo lwendlela yokuziphatha kwintlangano. Uhlolo, amaqela agxininisayo, kunye nophicotho-zincwadi lungabonisa iindawo ezinobungozi okanye ezixhalabisayo. Iziphumo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuphucula iinkqubo kunye noqeqesho.
  • Apperback Mechanism: Iinkqubo zokufakela abasebenzi ukunikezela ingxelo kwimiba yendlela yokuziphatha ("iphazamiso ukuba ithandwa. Oku kungaba yibhokisi yokucebisa, iplatfomu yamanani, okanye i-ombudsperson. Ukutyiwa komzimba kumele kuthatyathwe nzulu kwaye kusetyenziswe.
  • [[Ukwahlulwa koMsebenzi] noLawulo lweNdlela yokuziphatha yeNkcubeko kufuneka kube ngumlinganiselo wovavanyo lomsebenzi, ukunyuselwa, kunye nezigqibo zokuqesha. Xa umbutho ufumana amaxabiso acacileyo emilinganiselo yokuziphatha, abasebenzi bayaqaphela.
  • [[NTL: 0] Iziphumo Ezicacileyo: Uphazamiso olungalunganga kufuneka lube neziphumo. Nokuba ngesenzo soqeqesho, ukuqeqesha, okanye ukuphelisa, intlangano kufuneka ibonise ukuba isimilo esingalunganga asinyanzelekanga. Ukungaguquki kungundoqo ekulondolozeni ukuthemba kwinkqubo.

Ukulinganisa iNkcubeko

Iintlangano zingasebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-Ethics Quotlient (EQ) okanye uhlolisiso lobulungisa kwintlangano ukuze kubonwe impilo yendlela yokuziphatha. Izalathiso ziquka ukujongwa kwabasebenzi ngokusesikweni, ukuthemba ukhokelo, nokukulungela ukuchaza indlela engafanelekanga. Umlinganiselo othe rhoqo wenza ukuba iinkokeli zikwazi ukulandelela inkqubela nokuphawula iindawo ezifuna ingqalelo kuzo.

Imbono Yomhlaba Wonke Ngemithetho Esesikweni Yenkonzo Kawonke - wonke

Ngeli xesha imigaqo engundoqo yemigaqo yenkonzo kawonke wonke, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyahluka kwizithethe neenkqubo zobupolitika. Kumazwe amaninzi ase-Nordic, imigangatho ephakamileyo yokuthembana nokunganyaniseki ixhaswa yimigangatho emandla yentlalo, ulawulo olucacileyo, kunye nolwandiso lwentlalo. Ngokwahlukileyo, amazwe aphuma kwiimfazwe okanye ulawulo lobuzwilakhe asenokujamelana nocelomngeni olunzulu ekwakheni imibutho yezemigaqo yokuziphatha. Imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe efana neZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kunye neQumbutho lezezemali neNkqukutyelelo (OECD) inikela imigaqo ephakamileyo yookrwelelo nolwabelana.

Ukuqonda imilinganiselo yokuziphatha yenkonzo kawonke-wonke kubalulekile ukuze kubekho ukhokelo olunempumelelo kunye nolawulo. Ngokunamathela kwimigaqo yokuziphatha enjengeyokubonakala ngokucacileyo, ukungacaluli, ukuphendula, intlonelo, kunye nenkonzo, nangokukhuthaza isithethe sengqibelelo, abasebenzi basekuhlaleni banokulwakha ukuthembana, ukuphendulana, nentlonelo phakathi kwabantu abahlala behlala behleli. Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yokhokelo lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ngomzekelo, ukukhuthaza, ukuseka imigaqo ecacileyo, nokuqonda ukuziphatha okuhle, nokusebenzisa imigaqo yokuziphatha okungathethekiyo ekujongene neengxaki ezininzi ezijamelene nazo kwinkonzo kawonke wonke namhlanje. Usukelo olupheleleyo luhlala luhleli lukho: ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukugxininisa ekukhonzeni umdla woluntu ngembeko nokuzinikela.