Inkcubeko nelifa lemveli laseIndiya linendima eninzi ekwiminyaka engamawaka, ukusuka kwizakhiwo zamandulo kunye namanxuwa ezinto zakudala ukuya kwizithethe eziphila, iilwimi, kunye nobugcisa. Ukugcina elifa likhulu kufuna isakhiwo esiqinileyo somthetho, kwaye iRajiya Sabhaha, njengendlu ephezulu yePalamente yaseIndiya, kudlala indima eyahlukileyo nenempembelelo ekulungiseni imithetho ekhusela izithethe zelizwe. Ngokungafaniyo neLokha, emela ngqo abantu, iRajiya Sabataha imela amasiko kunye nemimandla ebumbeneyo, inika imbono ekhethekileyo yoluntu. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ephathelele izithethe ebonakalisa ukwahluka kwemimandla nentlalo yaseIndiya, hayi nje yesizwe.

Imithetho yomthetho eLawula uSabra iManda kwiMiba yeNkcubeko

I-Rajiya Sabba ibandakanya inkcubeko nelifa lemveli isekelwe kumandla ayo omgaqo-siseko. Njengendawo elinganayo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho (ngaphandle kwemiqathango yemali), ingxoxo- Rajiya Sabhaha, intexelo, kwaye ivumela iindleko ezinxulumene nemicimbi yenkcubeko. Esi sakhiwo se-bidameral sinikela uhlolo olubalulekileyo kwiintshukumisa ezinkulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho echaphazela ilifa, iindawo zembali, nolwazi lwesithethe lufumana uhlolo olucokisekileyo. IRajeya Sabha ingasungula amaphepha kwinkcubeko yenkcubeko, nangona isoloko ivela kwiLok Sab. Ngaphandle kokuvela kwemvelaphi, inkqubo yendlu ephezulu kunye nengxoxo yomgangatho wengxoxo, ukuzobalula ukuzobanelisa ubunzulu kwinkqubo yenkcubeko, ukuzoba iintlobo zembali, kunye nobugcisa zezinto zendalo, kunye nobugcisa benzululwazi bezinto zakudala.

ISigunyaziso soMgaqo-nkqubo: Ukusuka kuNgeno ukuya kuMgaqo-nkqubo

Xa umthetho wokulondolozwa kwenkcubeko yenkcubeko ngezantsi njenge-Afrearchy Monuments ne-Adayss (Amendment) Act `i-as' eqaliswe ePalamente, ihamba ngamanqanaba amaninzi. KwiRajiya Sabha, ityala libhekiswa kwikomiti ekhoyo, njengeKomiti ekwiSibonelelo soluntu (egubungela impucuko) okanye ikomiti ekhethayo. Ezi komiti zimema uchwepheshe wemfundo, abavukeli belifa, kunye nabameli bakarhulumente. Ikomiti i-Rajiya Sabhaha inikela ingxelo ngezincomo zomthetho ezincomo ngemithetho-Rhovergies, kunye namalungu asoloko ebonakalisa ukuchasana kwemiqatha lengingqini. Umzekelo, xa zithetha nge-Admists nooths Act, u-Rajinha amaqela alungele ukurka ngokungqongqo kwemiqatha yemiboniso lwamakhaya, kufuneka avume ukuba avume ukuba avume ukuba avume ukuba aquququququle ii-oti, ngokokuqala, ii-art, ii

Emva kokuba iRajiya Sabba ivumele uxwebhu, luthunyelwa kwiLok Sabha. Ukuba ezi zindlu zimbini azivumelani, ukuhlala kunye kungabizwa, nangona oku kunqabile kumthetho wesithethe ngenxa yohlobo logcino lwelifa. IRajiya Sabra inamandla okulibazisa nokucoca iindleko ziqinisekisa ukuba akukho mthetho wenkcubeko ogqitha ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ngenyameko imilinganiso yorhulumente neyommandla.

Imithetho engundoqo yenkcubeko neyamafa exonxwe yiRaje Sabha

Kumashumi eminyaka, imikhosi emininzi yemiqondiso iye yenziwa ukukhusela ilifa lesithethe saseIndiya, neRaje Sabha idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela yayo kunye nokulungisa okulandelayo. Ngezantsi zezinye zezona zibalulekileyo.

Isikhumbuzo Samandulo Nendawo Yokumbiwa Kwamazinto Zakudala Nemithetho Esasetyenziswayo, ngowe - 1958

Lo mthetho usisiseko ulungiselela ugcino lwamatye akudala akwindawo eqingqiweyo engundoqo yesizwe kunye nolawulo lwezimbiwa zakudala. IRaje Sabha ibiluncedo ekomelezeni amalungiselelo awo. Ngexesha lengxoxo emalunga ne-antement, eyasungula indawo emalunga nekhulu lemitha engavunyelwayo kunye nommandla olawulwa ngumakhulu amabini angqonge amatye esikhumbuzo akhuselekileyo, uRajya Sabba amalungu aphikisayo ngokwandisa ezi ziphene zedolophana ezinzima njenge Delhi kunye ne-Agra. Ingxoxo yokulungisa kwakhona yafuna iimpembelelo zelifa lemveli kwingi kwindawo elawulwayo ``iiienqanawa eqengqekelelwa kwinkqele yomthetho encoko yomthetho, eyayiququzelelwa kwimiqatha yemiqatha yemiqatha lemali, eyayiquka umthetho womthetho wokwaya.

I-Antiquities neMiqathango yoBugcisa, yowama- 1972

Esi senzo silawula urhwebo lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lwezorhwebo kunye nobuncwane bobugcisa. IRajiya Sabha iphinde yawuhlola lo mthetho ukuze ikwazi ukuphepha. Ngo-2023, ingxoxo yeRaje Sabha Sabha yabalaselisa indlela amaqonga e-intanethi awayesetyenziswa ngayo ukuthengisa iiprotfomu ezichasene noshicilelo ngaphandle koxwebhu olufanelekileyo. Amalungu avela kumazwe anezithethe zetempile ezityebileyo, njengoTamil Nadu no-Odsha, anyayayayayayayayayayayayayigxekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthetho awuzange wandise ukuquka iindidi ezithile zezinto zesithethe. Iziphumo zale zenza zandisa iimfuno zobhaliso zemibar-Angliendsssssss ze-Indiya (AI) zabangela uhlolo olumangalisayo. IRajanya Syaha yayizinga indima yokuzimisela kumthetho ngaphandle komthwalo wasekuhlaleni ngexesha lobushishino lwasekuhlaleni.

ISizwe soMbhalo weMiscript (NMM) noMthetho ohambelanayo

Ngeli xesha i-NMM yayiyinkqubo karhulumente, inkxaso yayo yowiso-mthetho yavela ngeNational Mission for Manuscripts Act, eyadlula iRaje Sabha ngo-2021. Indlu ephezulu yaphikisana ngemfuneko yokulondoloza ubutyebi bombhalo-ngqangi wase-Indiya, eqikelelwa kwizigidi ezihlanu ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo nezibhaliweyo. URajeya Sabhaha amalungu asuka kumazwe afana neKeralas kunye neNtshona Bengal waphikisa ngelithi umsebenzi ufanele unikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwimibhalo yesandla yesandla sesandla esiphezulu kunye namaphepha e-birchag, asengozini yomonakalo. IRajiya Sabhaha ifake amalungiselelo emibhalo-ngqamene ephakathi egcina imibhalo-ngqalelo ephakathi ekwindawo egcina imikopini kwaye igcina imikopi kwiindawo ezininzi, ikhusela kwiintlekele zendalo. Le nkqubo yoluntu ichaza i-Syjirbay-index

Ilifa leNkcubeko elingaqondakaliyo neSiseko se-UNESCO

I-Indiya yamkela i-UNESCO iNdibano yokuKhuselwa kweLifa leNkcubeko elingakholekiyo ngo-2005. IRaje Sabhaha iye yaqhuba iingxoxo eziliqela neengxoxo eziliqela zeyure ze-0 kunye neengxoxo zokuzalisekisa le ndibano kumgangatho wesizwe. Amalungu aye abiza isiseko esisemthethweni sokukhusela izithethe zabantu, iinkcubeko zomlomo, kunye nemisebenzi yesithethe engakhokelwanga phantsi kokhuseleko lwelifa lemveli. Ngo-2019, umthetho welungu langasese kwi-Rajaya Sabhaha ithelekele iSikolo seSikolo seLifa leMveli leMidlalo. Nangona intengo yemithetho yezomthetho ingazange ibe ngumthetho, yakhuthaza uBulungise benkcustoms ukuba kwenziwe uxwebhu olukhokelela ekuvelisweni kwelifashoni yesizwe. I-Rajya Yabha igcine ingqalelo kwinkcaracy kwink ye-mpalame.

Umanyano: Umelo lweNkcubeko eNkoliso

Enye yezona minikelo zahlukileyo zeRajiya Sabra kumthetho welifa lemveli kukukwazi ukumela izithethe ezahlukeneyo zelizwe laseIndiya kunye nemimandla edityanisiweyo. Urhulumente ngamnye unelifa lakhe eliphambili.

Umzekelo, xa iLifa leMveli (Ukhuselo noMthombo) iBhili yayinempikiswano ngo-2015, uRajeya Sabha ovela eMntla-mpuma waphikisa ngelithi ingcaciso yemali ye "indawo yokuhlala" yayingqongqo kakhulu kwaye ingawaqondi amasimi angcwele kunye namafa enkcubeko aqhelekileyo kwingingqi yawo. Ungenelelo lwawo lwakhokelela ekuququkelweni kwelifa "lomyunithi", ivumela iikomiti zasekuhlaleni ukuba zilawule iindawo ezithile ngaphandle kokuthatha urhulumente opheleleyo. Ngokufanayo, abameli bamazwe aselwandle banyanzelela ukuba ilahleko kunye nelifa lenkcubeko liqukwe kwimbulo yeASI, utshintsho olwaluqukiwe kwimiqatha elilandelayo kwimiqatha ye-Anummental.

Uvavanyo lomgangatho karhulumente kunye nendima kaRaje Sabha

IRajiya Sabba isoloko isebenza njengendlela yokuzisa inkxalabo yomgangatho karhulumente kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe. Ngeyure yombuzo, amalungu aphakamisa imiba yolwakhiwo olungekho mthethweni malunga namanxuwa efama ehlabathi afana nendlu yefama eKhajuraho okanye amabhodlo eHampi. UMphathiswa-mikhosi weNkcubeko kufuneka aphendule, kwaye ezi ngxoxwano zisoloko zikhokelela kwiikomiti zepalamente ezincomela imimiselo emitsha. Ngo-2017, ikomiti yeRajiya Sabha kwink nezokhenke ezincomela ukuba kucebise izicwangciso zokuphatha ilifa njengemeko zokwamkela iimali ezisembini ezithiweyo kwaye zisetyenziswe. Oku kubonisa indlela impembelelo kaRay Sabhaha ekwa ekhutshelwa ngayo ngaphaya kwemithetho yokwenza inkqubo yobuchule kunye nolawulo.

Ucelomngeni kuMthetho weLifa leMveli neNkqutyana yeRajiya Sabha

Nangona iRaje Sabha inendima eyakhayo, inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ijongene nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo oluchaphazela ubunjani kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemithetho yelifa lemveli.

Ukungavisisani Kwezobupolitika Nokulibazisa

Ngamanye amaxesha amatyala efa lemveli abanjwa ngokutsha okujikelezayo. Ngokomzekelo, iingxoxo ezikufutshane neMyuziyam yeSizwe yeNkcubeko yeIndiya neLifa uBill zagcinwa kangangeentlanganiso ezimbini ngenxa yokuba amalungu ayo akavumelani nokuba le myuziyam ifanele ibekwe eNew Delhi okanye kwisixeko esinesiseko selifa lemveli esomeleleyo, njengeKolkata okanye iHyrabad. Ukuchasa kukarhulumente kukhokelela kwikhomishini yokufundisa yesizwe ekwaziyo, eyathi ekugqibeleni yancomela abachani ukuba bathintele ityala kwii-imfamaskes kudala. Le njongo inokuba yenzeka inkqumfatho ikhuthaze intlalo engcono kunenkqubo yokulondoloza indalo entle.

IMida yeNkcubeko yeSebe

Naxa kumiswa imithetho, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kusoloko kusilela. Iikomiti zeRajiya Sabba zisoloko ziphawula ukunqongophala kweengcali zolondolozo, ukulibazisa ukukhutshwa koluhlu lwezakhiwo ezikhuselekileyo, kunye nezigwebo ezingeneleyo zokwaphula umthetho. Ikomiti yeRajiya Sabba's Sabha's Seary Stady Committee on Ttration, Tourism and Culture (ekwakukwakuko okukwakugquma inkqenkqelele inkqenkqeza-phambili) iye yavelisa iingxelo ezininzi zokubiza inkqubo ecacileyo yelifa lefa lemveli kunye nemithetho engqongqo yexesha. Ngo-2022, ikomiti yaphawula ukuba i-4% ye-parlications ezikhuselweyo ezisembindisiweyo ze-International yaseIndiya yayineevelvert, nangona igunyaziwe.

Ukulungelelanisa uphuhliso noLondolozo

Enye yeembambano eziphikisanayo kumthetho welifa lemveli ibeka ulungelelwano olulungileyo phakathi kwenkqubela-phambili yedolophu kunye nokhuseleko. IRaje Sabha ibiyindawo yemidlalo ekrakra enzima kwimisebenzi yezibonelelo ekhuselekileyo kufuphi nemimandla. Le mbambano yafikelela kwintloko ebudeni bengxubusho kwiNationalpital Territory of Delhi (Izibonelelo zelifa lemveli), evumela ulwakhiwo oluthile olukufuphi namanxuwa efashoni. URajiya Sabba ummandla weDelhi ubeyilwa ngempumelelo ukwenzela indlela elungeleleneyo: ukuvumela uhlaziselo oluncinane lwezindlu kodwa ukuvalela ukwakhiwa okutsha kwentengiso kukwikhulu lekhulu lekhulu lekhulu lekhulu lekhulu lekhulu lekhulu lekhulu lekhulu lekhulu. Oku, okuyenziwe kubonakalisa indlela ulwamvo lwaseSabha olunokuvelisa ngayo iziphumo ezinokuphuma ngokunempumelelo kwinkqubo ecocekileyo.

Iinketho zexesha elizayo: Ukuqinisa Indima ye Raje Sabha

Njengokuba ilifa leIndiya lijongene notshintsho olutsha oluyimeko-ntle, ukwenziwa kwedolophu ngokukhawuleza, ukudityaniswa kweentlobo zobugcisa zesithethe .

Ukuseka Ikomiti Ekhoyo Ngezithethe Zabantu Abanolwazi

Ngeli xesha inkqubo yekomiti ekhoyo isebenza kakuhle, iRajiya Sabha yakwazi ukwenza ikomiti emileyo ezimiseleyo yenkcubeko nelifa lemveli, eyahlulwe kokhenketho. Le komiti inokuba nobuchule obude kwaye ikwazi ukuvelisa ubuchule obukhethekileyo ngexesha elithile. Ingamema kungekuphela nje iibhureaucrates kodwa kwaye iyakwazi ukukhupha umlinganiselo ophezulu wamalungu aqhelileyo, ababhali-manani, kunye nabameli bengingqi. Oku kungabonisa imodeli yeUK House of Lords Khetha Committee kwiMbiko edayo, eyavelisa iingxelo ezinempembelelo kwimodelifa lemveli. Ngokunikezela ukuba i-Jajiya Sabha sele inomjinganiso oluphezulu lwamalungu anezimvelaphi, ikomiti yengcaphephe ekwaziyo ukuqwalasela ngqo.

Ukwanda koMmandla noMxhasi wasekuhlaleni

IRajiya Sabra yakwazi ukulungiselela ubuchule bokunxibelelana noorhulumente bamazwe kunye namaqumrhu asekuhlaleni ngaphambi kokugqiba nawuphi na umthetho welifa. Umthetho wokucebisana ngelifa. Ulawulo olusemthethweni lwangaphambi komjikelo, apho iRajiya Sabhata umabhala-mkeli emema ukuthotyelwa okubhaliweyo okuvela kuwo onke amazwe, ibiya kuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi lwasekuhlaleni alutyeshelwa. Umzekelo, xa kubekwa imithetho phantsi koMthetho weAkudala Yezincomo, iRajiya Sabha ifuna ukuba amasebe ezinto zokuvuk ’ imbali anikezele nayiphi na iziphumo. Oku kuya kunika indlu ephezulu indima ethe ngqo kwinkqubo yokulungisa, ngaphaya kwengxoxo yomgangatho.

Ubuxhakaxhaka boncedo lokubonisa ngaphaya

Imithetho emininzi yelifa iyachaphazeleka kuzalisekiso olungelulo kuba uwonke-wonke akaziwa ukuba ngawaphi amanxuwa akhuselweyo okanye yiyiphi imisebenzi ethintelweyo. IRaje Sabha inamandla okuncomela ukuba urhulumente enze indawo yokugcina yamanani kawonke-wonke kuwo onke amanxuwa akhuselekileyo, kunye nee-PDPD ezikhutshelwayo ezisemthethweni ezifanelekileyo. Ikomiti kaRajya Sabba yenze ulawulo lwamanani lwenziwe ngo-202020, kodwa ayikafakwanga ngokupheleleyo. Uxinzelelo kwakhona kwindlu ephezulu, mhlawumbi ngokuhlola kwaminyaka lento, lungatyhalela urhulumente ukuba asebenze.

Ukwazisa Imithetho Yelifa

Okwangoku, imithetho yelifa laseIndiya isasazeke kwimisebenzi emininzi, imithetho, kunye namasiko omgangatho karhulumente. IRajiya Sabba ingatyhala kwimithetho eyodwa ekhuselweyo yeLifa leMveli eligquma izakhiwo zelifa, iintlawulo ezityibilikayo, nelifa elingenakushenxiswa. Le mithetho ingaba ilula nokuzifihla. Ilungu labucala lenziwe kwi Rajiya Sabba ngo-2023 ngelungu elaziwayo ngomsebenzi walo wokulondoloza ilifa. Ngelixesha eli thuba lisenokungadluli ngokukhawuleza, ingxoxo iyakhupha ukubalaselisa ulwahlulo lwemithetho ekhoyo. Ngexesha elizayo, i-Rajinha yaza i-adaki inokulwakha indlela yokusebenza elungele ukusetyenziswa.

Isiphelo

IRajiya Sabba ingaphezulu kakhulu kunegumbi elikwimeko yenkcubeko nelifa. Ukuqanjwa kwayo kwesizwe, iinkqubo zolawulo lwelifa lesizwe, kunye nolawulo lwekomiti kuvumela ukuba ifake imbono yengingqi, ikhusele imfuno yezithethe ezincinane, kwaye icombulule umthetho olingana nomahluko ongaqhelekanga wase-Indiya. Imithetho elawula izakhiwo zamandulo zaseIndiya, iimfazwe zamandulo, kunye nezithethe ezingaqondakaliyo zilungiswe , ziphuculwe , qho, kwaye ziphuculwe, kwaye zikho nangakumbi ngongenelelo lwendlu ephezulu. Imingeni efana nolibaziseko lwezopolitiki kunye nolwezo lwe-itria ehlala ihleli kwinxalenye ephambili yexesha elizayo, kodwa iRajya Sabba iyakwazi ukumela amaphondo nokukhuthaza ingxube yengxoxo yenza ukuba ibe ngumgcini wesizwe sesizwe sesizwe sesizwe. Njengoko iqhubeka i-Ranya iphuhlisabhab, iya kuba ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo kwimeko esele iNdiya.

[[FLT: 0] Ukufunda ngokubhekele phaya kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho nemithetho yelifa laseIndiya, bona igosa Elok Sabha kunye ne-[FLT] Raja Sabha [[[FLT]] ii-website. Iingxelo ezicacisiweyo zemisebenzi yelifa lemveli zikhona kwikhowudi ye-[[FLT:][FLT]] kunye ne-'APhondo. Ulwazi nge-Indiya-UNESCO-in i-intaggnating inokufunyanwa kwi-[FLT][FLD:][10][3]