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Ukuqonda indlela abanyulwa ngayo oomongameli kubalulekile kubo bonke abavoti abafuna ukuba nenxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo kwinkqubo yolawulo-mpukane. Inkqubo yonyulo lomongameli eUnited States intsokothile, ibandakanya amaqondo amaninzi, iimfuno zomGaqo-siseko ezikhethekileyo, kunye nenkqubo ekhethekileyo eyayahlulayo kumazwe amaninzi olawulo-bume bedemokhrasi. Olu khokelo lubanzi luya kukuhambisa kwinkalo nganye yenkqubo yonyulo lomongameli, ukusuka kwiinguqu zokuqala ukuya kumhla wokunikezelwa, lukunceda ukuba ube ngummi onolwazi nowakhankanyiweyo.

Isiseko: ISiseko soMgaqo-siseko soNgqiqo-siseko woNnyulo loMongameli

I-Electoral College yamiselwa kumGaqo-siseko njengolwahlulelwano phakathi konyulo loMongameli ngevoti kwiBhunga kunye nonyulo loMongameli ngevoti edumileyo yabemi abafanelekayo. Le nkqubo ikhethekileyo ibonisa ukulungelelaniswa kocoselelo oluluqilima kooTata phakathi kwamagunya orhulumente namagunya orhulumente, kwakunye nenkxalabo yabo malunga nezikhundla zombini zobungqungquthela eziqhathelweyo kunye nedemokhrasi.

Umongameli kunye nesekela lomongameli abanyulwanga ngqo ngabemi, kodwa endaweni yoko bakhethwa kwinkqubo yeElectoral College. Lo mahluko usisiseko wenza unyulo lomongameli waseMerika lwahluke kwezinye iinkqubo zedemokhrasi kwaye udala inkqubo efakelweyo ekufuneka ukuba wonke umntu ovotayo ayiqonde.

Isizathu Sokuba Ikholeji Ye - Electoral Ikho

IElectoral College yadalwa ekuqaleni yiNkundla yoTshenxiso loBawo njengolwamkelo kuba abathunywa kwindibano yasePhiladelphia babengavumelani nendlela umongameli amele akhethwe ngayo, elinye iqela lingafuni ukuba iKhomishini ibe nalo elo gunya kuba ingakhokelela kwinkohlakalo kwaye idibane namasebe aphetheyo owiso-mthetho, ngeli linye iqela elalingafuni ukuba abantu bakhethe umongameli ngevoti ethandwayo kuba babexhalabisa abemi bengazinzanga kakuhle, ngoko iElectoral College yamiswa ukuba isebenze njengemidia amaqela okwexeshana athenwa yiBhunga okanye abemi.

Inkqubo yeProjekthi yoMongameli kunye neCaucus

Phambi kokuba unyulo jikelele luvele, amaqela ezobupolitika kufuneka akhethe ii-athom zawo ngothotho lwee-state-state. Nganye kumazwe angama-50 e-U.S., iSithili saseColumbia, kunye nemimandla emihlanu yaseUnited States ibamba unyulo oluphambili okanye iingingqi zokuncedisa ukungabalawuli abatshayeleli ngabanye kumongameli wase-United States, inkqubo eyenzelwe ukukhetha abaqhubi abaza kumela amaqela abo ezobupolitika kunyulo jikelele.

Ukuqonda Unyulo Olusisiseko

Oomatiloshe balawulwa ngqo ngurhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Abavoti bokuqala bakhetha abakhethelwayo ngokungaziwayo ngokufaka iibhola zokuvota ezifihlakeleyo, kunye nombuso apho intloko ibanjwa khona ithatha iziphumo zevoti ijonge kwingxelo yabathunywa kubaphumeleleyo. Le nkqubo iqhelekileyo yokuvota iyafana nonyulo jikelele, ngokuvota bephawula ukhetho lwabo ngasese kwaye bengenisa iibhola ngeendlela ezikhuselekileyo.

Unyulo oluphambili luza ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo:

  • OpenPRIGUR: I-Primporys ziluhlobo oluqhelekileyo, apho abavoti kungakhathaliseki ukuba badityaniswe naliphi iqela bangakhetha ukuvota nakweliphi iqela, nangona benokukhetha enye kuphela, kwaye ukuvota kwiqonga elivulekileyo alibhalisi umvoti kunye nalo iqela lahlukeneyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ivalekile: Kwizinto ezivaliweyo, abavoti kufuneka babhalise kuqala neqela, kwaye bavunyelwa kuphela ukuvota kukhetho olungundoqo lweqela ngalinye.
  • [[FLT: 0] Icandelo Elivulekileyo: amagumbi avulekileyo ngokwenxenye ngokufanayo avumela abavoti ukuba banqamleze imigca yeqela, kodwa asenokufuna abavoti ukuba bachaze ukhetho lwabo lokukhetha, kwaye ukhetho lwabo lungajongwa njengohlobo lobhaliso lweqela.
  • Icandelo elivaliweyo: amagumbi aphezulu avaliweyo ngokuyinxenye ayafana nokuvala amadlala, nomahluko wokuba amaqela ngokwawo angakhetha ukuba avumele abavoti abangabhaliswanga okanye abo bangabhaliswanga kunye neqela ukuba bavote kwisiqalo sabo.

Ukuqonda Kubangela Ukuqonda

Iintlanganiso zecaucus ziintlanganiso eziqhutywa ngamaqela ezobupolitika aqhutyelwa kwingingqi, kwisithili, okanye kumgangatho wengingqi. ICaucuuses ilawulwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ilawulwa ngamaqela ezobupolitika, kungekho nkxaso, ukulawulwa okanye ukujongwa okulungiselelwe ngurhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Oku kuzenza zahluke ngokusisiseko kwi-primerimes kumbutho nakwisibulala.

Kwicaucus, abathathi-nxaxheba basenokuthethana ngabathathi-nxaxheba, kwaye inkqubo yokuvota ngokwayo isenokungaqhubiswa ngebhola ebotshelelwayo efihlakeleyo; endaweni yoko, abavoti-gocis bangavota ngokuphakamisa izandla okanye ukuhlanganisa amaqela alungelelaniswe ngabanyulelwayo. Ababhexeshi bafana neziganeko zezobupolitika kwaye bafuna umgangatho ophezulu wezopolitiko, ixesha kunye nenxaxheba kuneeprojekthi, ngoko kuyinto encinane ukuba abavoti bambalwa abavoti babe nenxaxheba kwimibutho esetyenziswayo.

Abathathi-nxaxheba bamaCaucus bavote abaxhasileyo, kwaye inani labavoti abafumanayo limisela ukuba bangaphi abathunywa beqela abaza kuthunyelwa ukuxhasa loo mvoti kwindibano yeqela.

Ikhalenda ePhinda Itshe

Ezi zindlu zangaphandle kunye nezikhonkwane ziyashukuma, ziqala ngokuqhelekileyo ngoJanuwari okanye ngoFebruwari, kwaye ziphela malunga nophakathi kweyeThupha phambi konyulo jikelele ngoNovemba. Ukuququzelelwa kolu khuphiswano kunentsingiselo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhupha umatshini.

Isiganeko sokuqala esinyanzelisayo, apho ummeli enokuthi akhusele abathunywa bendibano, ngokwesithethe yi-Iowa caucus, edla ngokuba iqhutywe ekupheleni kukaJanuwari okanye ekuqaleni konyaka wonyulo lomongameli, kwaye ilandelwa yiNew Hampshire ephambili, ephambili ngokwesithethe ukususela ngo1920 kunye nomthetho wephondo leNew Hampshire. Olu khuphiswano lwangaphambili lufumana ingqalelo eninzi kakhulu kweze-media kwaye lungaphembelela ngokuphawulekayo ukusetyenziswa kohlanga lonke olungenazintlobano.

Ukungalawuleki kwexesha eliphambili lobumongameli kubangela ukuba abo batshate banikele ingqalelo kwizinto zabo kummandla ngamnye welizwe ngexesha elithile kunokuba baxhase kulo lonke iphondo ngexesha elinye, nakwamanye amazwe angenabemi baninzi, oku kuvumela ukuba iphulo lenzeke ngomlinganiselo othe chatha.

Abathunywa neeNdibano ZeSizwe

Inani labathunywa abanikwa ummeli ngamnye kwi-caucus engundoqo okanye engundoqo lisekelwe kwimithetho entsonkothileyo eyahluka-hlukeneyo ngokwemeko kwaye imiswe ngamaqela ezobupolitika kumgangatho wesizwe norhulumente. Xa abathunywa benyulwe, bayaqhubeka bemela ilizwe labo kwiindibano zeqela lesizwe.

Iqela lezobupolitika lichaza ngokusemthethweni ummeli walo ongumongameli kwindibano yesizwe ehlomela intetho, apho abathunywa beli phondo bakhetha igosa lombutho. Ezi ndibano, eziqhutywa ehlotyeni phambi konyulo jikelele, ziphawula ukuqala kwephulo lonyulo jikelele.

Indlela Ikholeji Ye - Electoral Esebenza Ngayo

I-Electoral College yinkqubo, ayiyondawo. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela unyulo lomongameli waseMerika olusebenza ngayo ngokwenene.

Isakhiwo Sekholeji yase-Electoral

I-Electoral College inabanyuli abangama-538, kwaye uninzi lwabavoti abangama-270 lufuneka ukunyusela uMongameli. Urhulumente ngamnye ufumana abanyuli abaninzi njengamalungu eBhunga (Indlu neCamelo), kwaye kuquka iWashington, D.C. abanyuli abathathu, ngoku kukho abavoti abangama-58 kuzo zonke.

Imeko yakho inenani elifanayo labanyuli njengalapho inamalungu kwiqela lawo lombutho: elinye kwilungu ngalinye kwindlu yabameli kunye nezicaka ezibini. Olu hlobo luthetha ukuba nabemi abaninzi banevoti ezininzi, kodwa kwanamazwe amancinane aqinisekiswe ubuncinane kumavoti amathathu okhetho.

Ukuthatha-onke amavili. Ulwandiso lwendawo

I-United States inendlela yokufumana yonke enika bonke abanyuli abafumana ivoti kuMongameli ophumeleleyo wovoti ethandwayo kaRhulumente. Oku kuthetha ukuba kumaphondo angama-48 nakwiWashington, D.C., umvoti ofumana olona voti luninzi uzuza zonke iivoti zikarhulumente, kungakhathaliseki umda woloyiso.

Ngoko, uMaine neNebraska nganye inomahluko womelo olulungelelanisiweyo. EMaine neNebraska, uphumelele kwisithili ngasinye sinikwa ivoti enye evoti, kwaye umnqolobi wevoti epheleleyo esemthethweni unikwe ivoti ezimbini ezishiyekileyo zikarhulumente. Le nkqubo ivumela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwahlulwa kwevoti yabavoti phakathi kwabavoti.

IElectoral College Timeline

Inkqubo yeElectoral College ityhileka kwiinyanga eziliqela emva konyulo jikelele:

NgoSuku lokhetho, abavoti kwilizwe ngalinye bakhetha abavoti ukuba basebenze kwiElectoral College. Xa uphosa ivoti yakho kumongameli, uvotelwa ukuba ucebe isileti sabanyuli abathembise loo mntu.

Intlanganiso yabavoti iyenzeka ngoLwesibini lokuqala emva koLwesithathu lwesibini ngoDisemba emva konyulo jikelele. Abanyuli kwiLizwe ngalinye badibana ukuze bakhethe uMongameli noMongameli osisiGqibo waseUnited States.

IBhunga lihlanganisana kwintlanganiso edibeneyo ukuze libale amavoti avoti abalelwayo ngoJanuwari 6 emva konyulo (ngaphandle kokuba iNkqutyana idlulisele umthetho wokuguqula umhla ukusuka kuMgqibelo okanye ngeCawa). Olu balo lusesikweni lumela inyathelo lokugqibela lokugqiba iziphumo zonyulo.

IVote ethandwayo v. Electoral Vote

Enye yezona mpawu ziphikisanayo zeElectoral College yeyokuba umnqobi wovoti ethandwayo yesizwe akasoloko engumongameli. Oomongameli abahlanu kwimbali yesizwe baphumelela umongameli ngaphandle kophumelele kwivoti ethandwayo, uDonald Trump ngo2016. Umchasi wakhe ngaloo nyaka, uHillary Clinton, wazuza ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2,8 zamavoti ngaphezu kweTrump ezweni lonke, kodwa walahlekelwa ngamaziko aneleyo okuphumelela kwi-Electoral College, 306 ukuya ku-232.

Le miphumo inokwenzeka ngenxa yendlela yokufumana ingeniso esetyenziswa ngamazwe amaninzi. Umbatisela angaphumelela kwiimeko ngemida emikhulu kwaye aqokelele izigidi zeevoti ezingezo eziguqulela kwivoti ezongezelelweyo, ngelixesha inkcaso yabo ikwazi ukuphumelela uloyiso olumxinwa kumazwe amaninzi kwaye ikhusele uninzi lwe-Electoral College.

Imfuno zokwamkeleka kunye neemfuno zobhaliso

Ukuze babe nenxaxheba kunyulo lomongameli, abavoti kufuneka bafikelele iimfuno ezithile ezifanelekileyo baze bagqibelele inkqubo yokubhalisa. Nangona iimfuno ezithile zingafani ngokwemeko yorhulumente, kukho imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo kulo lonke ilizwe.

Iimfuno Ezisisiseko Zokufaneleka

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuvota kunyulo olubandakanya unyulo lomongameli, kufuneka:

  • Yiba ngummi waseUnited States
  • Qwalasela iimfuno zokuhlala zemo yakho
  • Ubuncinane ubuncinane uneminyaka eli - 18 ubudala ngeMini Yokhetho
  • Zibhalise ukuba uvote ngomhla wokubhalisa wesizwe sakho
  • Asifaneleki ngenxa yokukholelwa kwityala (imithetho iyahluka ngokwemo)
  • Inkundla (kwamanye amazwe) ayivakalisi ukuba ingqiqo ayisebenzi

Ubhaliso lweVoter

Uninzi lwamazwe lufuna ukuba abemi babhalise phambi kokuba bavote. Ixesha lokubhalisa liyahluka ngokorhulumente, namanye amazwe avumela ukubhaliswa kosuku olunye ngeli xesha amanye efuna ukubhaliswa iiveki phambi koSuku Lokhetho. Ngoku amaphondo amaninzi anika ubhaliso kwi-intanethi, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo ifikeleleke ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili.

Xa bebhalisa, abavoti kumazwe amaninzi bangakhetha ukudibana neqela lezobupolitika, babhalise njengezimeleyo okanye njengelingakhutshelwanga, okanye bayeke ukubeka ukhetho lweqela. Olu khetho lungachaphazela ukuba luluphi unyulo oluphambili ofanelekele ukuvota kulo, kuxhomekeka kwinkqubo engundoqo karhulumente wakho.

Iindlela zokusasaza

Unyulo lwale mihla lukunika iindlela ezininzi zokuphosa ibhola yakho:

  • KwiPerson Votion ngoSuku lokhetho: Indlela yesithethe yokuvota kwindawo yakho yokuvota eyabelweyo
  • Ushicilelo lokuqala: Amazwana amaninzi avumela abavoti ukuba bafake iibholati emntwini phambi koSuku lokhetho
  • Comment=Iiposi
  • Iposi- Kwivolution: Amanye amajelo ngokuzenzekelayo athumela iibholaot kubo bonke abavoti ababhalisiweyo

Indima Yokutsala Imimandla Ephakamileyo Neziko Lemfazwe

Ulwabelo lombutho othe ngqo othe wathathelwa ingqalelo ulwabelo lwephulo lomongameli kunye nezibhengezo kwinani elincinane lamazwana ajinga-jinga, ngeli lixa amazwe angakhuphiyo efumana ingqalelo encinci. Oku kubumba amaphulo omongameli wangoku kwaye kuphembelela indlela abawasebenzisa ngayo ixesha kunye noovimba babo.

Amaphondo abizwa ngokuba yidabiground, ngalawo afumana amathuba afanelekileyo okuphumelela. La mazwana afumana ingqalelo engathethekiyo ngexesha lamaphulo kuba angarhoxa kumlinganiselo weElectoral College. Amazwe avotela rhoqo iqela elinye afumana amatyelelo amancinane kakhulu ephulo kunye nokungachithi imali eninzi yokubhengeza.

Amaphondo aqwalaselweyo anokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko utshintsho lwenani labemi kunye nokhetho lwezopolitiko lutshintsha. Kutshanje, unyulo lunjengoPennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Arizona, Georgia, Nevada, noMntla Carolina luye lwakhuphisana kwaye lujoliswe ngokusondeleyo.

Unyulo lwemali yeCandelo noloMongameli

Iphulo lobuongameli libiza imali eninzi, lifuna ukuba abo batshate banyuse baze bachithe amakhulu ezigidi zeerandi.

Imithombo Yemali Yephulo

Abaza kuba ngumongameli baphakamisa imali ngemijelo emininzi:

  • [[UMTL:0] Iminikelo Eqhelekileyo: Iminikelo evela kubemi ngabanye, ephantsi kwemida yomnikelo
  • [[UMTL:0] Ikomiti yesenzo e-Pixel (Ii-PAC):[ Iintlangano ezidibanisa iminikelo kwaye zinikele kumaphulo
  • I-PACS: iikomiti zenkcitho ezizimeleyo ezinokunyusa nokuchitha iimali ezingenamda kodwa ezingakwazi ukudibanisa ngqo namaphulo
  • Icandelo leeKomiti: Imibutho yeqela lesizwe nelombuso exhasa ii-amminees zazo
  • Imali ekhethekayo yesizwe efumaneka kubathathi-nxaxheba abafikelela kwiimfuno ezithile nabavuma ukuchitha imida

Isivalo sediski kunye nokubonakala ngaphaya

Umthetho womanyano ufuna amaphulo okutyhila abanikeli babo nenkcitho yabo, ukudala ingxelo yowonke wonke yomsebenzi wezemali wephulo. IKhomishini yeFederal Evolution (FEC) ijonge ezi mfuneko ize yenze ukuba inkxaso yezemali ifumaneke kuluntu lonke, ivumela abavoti nentatheli ukuba balandele ukunyuka kwemali kunyulo lomongameli.

Iphulo Eliqhelekileyo Lokhetho

Xa amaqela amabini aphambili ekhethe abalawuli kwiindibano zawo zesizwe, iphulo lonyulo jikelele liqala ngokunyanisekileyo. Eli thuba lidla ngokusukela ekupheleni kwehlobo ukuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba kwaye limela inyathelo lokugqibela lokufumana abavoti.

Iingxoxo zoMongameli

Iingxoxo zomongameli ziye zaba luphawu oluphambili lwamaphulo anamhlanje, zinika abavoti ithuba lokubona abaza kubhaptizwa bexubusha ngeenkalo zomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuphendula imibuzo. IKhomishini kwiMibango yoMongameli, umbutho ongengowobupartistan, ixhasa iingxoxo ezintathu zobumongameli kunye nengxoxo yesekela lomongameli omnye kwindlandlalo yangaphambi konyulo.

Ezi ngxoxo zitsala ababukeli abaninzi bakamabonwakude kwaye zinokuba nempembelelo enkulu kwiimbono zikawonke-wonke, ingakumbi phakathi kwabavoti abangenaluvo. Ukudlala ngengxoxo-lwazi olungenaluncedo.

Ubuchule Bokuyila

Amaphulo angoomongameli bale mihla asebenzisa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zokuchaza, ukucenga nokuzilungiselela:

  • Izabelo ezi-Data ezi-Analytics:[ Inkamli zisebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lomvoti kunye nenkqubo yobalo ukujolisa kubemi abathile nemimandla yelizwe
  • Umdlalo ojikelezayo: ucango- ukuya kwisango lokulaphulela, ukubhalisa umnxeba, kunye nendululo zobhaliso lovoti ukwakha inkxaso
  • Imfazwe ye- Eyinkulu: Umabonwakude, unomathotholo, kunye nezibhengezo zamanani ukufikelela abaphulaphuli ababanzi
  • Media: unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo nabaxhasi kunye nokuqulethwe yintsholongwane
  • Comment=Izinto ezijoliswe kulwazi: Ukwenza unikezelo lweendaba ngeziganeko, iingxelo, kunye nemisebenzi yephulo
  • Fumana- ngaphandle- IVote (GOTV): Imigudu engxamisekileyo kwimihla yokugqibela ukuqinisekisa abaxhasi ngoku nyani ukulahla iibhola

Usuku Lokhetho Nasemva Kwalo

Kunyulwa umongameli ngoLwesibini emva koMvulo wokuqala ngoNovemba, isithethe esaqala ngenkulungwane ye-19. Eli xesha lakhethwa ekuqaleni ukuhlalisana nekhalenda yezolimo namaxesha okuhamba kwilizwe lasemaphandleni.

Ukubala Neziphumo

Ngobusuku bonyulo, imibutho yeendaba ifumana iziphumo njengoko iphuma kwiindawo zokuvota kulo lonke eli lizwe. Ngoxa iziphumo ezingekho mthethweni zifumaneka kwiiyure ezimbalwa kumazwe amaninzi, isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni sithatha ixesha elide. Urhulumente ngamnye unenkqubo yakhe yokubala ivoti, ukuqinisekisa iziphumo, nokuqinisekisa iziphumo.

Kunyulo olusondeleyo, iziphumo zokugqibela kulawulo lwezitshixo azinakwaziwa iintsuku okanye iiveki emva koSuku loNnyulo, ingakumbi xa amanani amakhulu eposi kwibhola zokhetho kufuneka alungiswe. Iintetho zingaqala ngokuzenzekelayo kwimihlathi esondeleyo okanye zicelwe ngabaqwalaseli phantsi kwemithetho ecacileyo karhulumente.

Ixesha Lokutshintsha

Emva kokuba unyulo lugqibile, kuqalisa ixesha lotshintsho apho umongameli ongumgwebi elungiselela ukuthatha isikhundla. Oku kuquka ukukhetha amalungu eKhabhinethi namanye amagosa angundoqo, ukufumana izishwankathelo zobulumko, kunye nokubeka inkqubo yotshintsho kwindawo yokuqala. Inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yenguqulelo yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente nokhuseleko lwesizwe luyaqhubeka.

Ukumiselwa

Umongameli wokhetho ufungwe ukuba abe seofisini ngoJanuwari 20 emva konyulo, njengoko kufunwa luhlaziyo lwama-20 kuMgaqo-siseko. Umsitho wokunikezelwa, owenziwe ngokwesithethe kumanyathelo e-Capitol, uphawula isiqalo esisemthethweni sexesha elitsha lomongameli kunye nokufuduswa koxolo kwegunya eliluphawu lwedemokhrasi yaseMerika.

Obona Bathunywashe Baphambili Abaphembelela Unyulo Lomongameli

Ukuqonda iziphumo zonyulo kunceda abavoti baqonde amaphulo neziphumo. Iimeko ezininzi zisebenzisana ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani ophumeleleyo kumongameli.

Iimeko zezoqoqosho

Imeko yezoqoqosho isoloko ingoyena thunywashe ubalulekileyo kunyulo lomongameli. Iivoter zityekele ekuvuzeni amaqela angenamali xa uqoqosho lomelele kwaye lubohlwaye xa iimeko zezoqoqosho zingekho ngqiqweni. Umlinganiselo wokungaqeshwa, ukunyuka komgangatho, ukunyuka kwemivuzo, kunye nokuthembeka kwezoqoqosho konke okunempembelelo kwizigqibo zabavoti.

Iimpawu Neempawu Ezintle

Iimpawu zobuqu zabathathi-nxaxheba zibalulekile kubavoti:

  • [[UMTL:0] Amandla obugcisa: uqondwa ngobuchule bokwenza isigqibo
  • [[Uphawu:0] Uphawu kunye nokuthembeka: Ukunyaniseka, ukunyaniseka, kunye nemilinganiselo yendlela yokuziphatha
  • Isiqalo kurhulumente, kwinkonzo yasemkhosini, okanye kwamanye amasimi anxulumeneyo
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ubuchule bokhuphiswano: ubuchule bokucacisa amehlo nokudibanisa nabavoti
  • Ukhupho lobuqu nonikezelo

Ukwahlula Iqela Nokulihlaziya

Inkoliso yamaMerika ivumelana okanye ixhomekeka kwelinye lamaqela amabini aphambili, kwaye olu nxulumano luxela kwangaphambili ngokunamandla indlela yokwenza ukuvota. Kwixesha lokwanda kokuthatyathwa kwezobupolitika, ukunyaniseka kweqela kuye kwathi nqo, nabavoti abambalwa abakulungeleyo ukunqumla imida yeqela.

Iindawo neengxaki zomgaqo-nkqubo

Ngoxa ukuchongwa kweqela kunamandla, ukubekwa kwemigaqo ethile kwimibandela engundoqo kukwaphembelela ukhetho lomvoti. Iimbambano ezisoloko zilawula amaphulo omongameli ziquka:

  • Imigaqo-nkqubo yonyango
  • Inkcitho yezoqoqosho nerhafu
  • Uthutho
  • Ukhuseleko lwesizwe nomgaqo-nkqubo wamanye amazwe
  • Ukutshintsha kwemozulu nokukhusela imekobume
  • Imfundo
  • Imicimbi yoluntu equka ukuqhomfa kunye namalungelo eLGBTQ
  • Ulwaphulo-mthetho nolawulo

Incopho yojikelezo

Ngubani ngokwenene onokuba ngobalulekileyo ngendlela abantu abavota ngayo. I-Fridout yahluka-hluka ngokuphawulekayo kumaqela amanani ahlukeneyo nakusukela kunyulo ukuya kunyulo. Amaphulo asebenza kakhulu ekukhuthazeni abaxhasi bawo ukuqinisekisa ukuba balahla ivoti. Izinto ezichaphazela ukujika ziquka:

  • Ukhuthuzo lwabathathi-nxaxheba
  • Ukuncipha kokuvota (imfuno zokubhalisa, ukuvota kubeka indawo yokufumaneka, ezinokukhethwa kuvotelwa kwangoko)
  • Imozulu ngomhla woKhetho
  • Ukhuphiswano logqatso
  • Iimpawu ze-emographic (isikhundla, imfundo, ingeniso)

Ukugqunywa kwezixhobo zokusasaza kunye nokusingqongileyo kolwazi

Indlela abavoti abafunda ngayo ngabantu abaza kufumana inkxaso-lwazi nezigqibo zabo. Ukusingqongileyo kwenkcazelo yanamhlanje kuquka amajelo eendaba, amajelo eendaba, iindawo zokukhupha iintshayelelo, kunye nonxibelelwano olungqalileyo kumaphulo. Ukwahlulwa kwamajelo eendaba kuye kwadala inkqubo eyahlukeneyo yolwazi kubantu abavoti abahlukeneyo, kunokuba kubangele abantu bafumane iimbono ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuchasana Nokukhuthaza Utshintsho

Inkqubo yonyulo yomongameli waseMerika iye yaqhubeka iphantsi kwengxoxo yaye kufuneka kwenziwe utshintsho. Ukuqonda ezi mpikiswano kunceda abavoti bacinge ngokunzulu ngendlela inkqubo esebenza ngayo nendlela enokuphuculwa ngayo.

Ingxoxo ye-Electoral College

Inzuzo yenkqubo yokhetho lwasekholejini ibingumbandela wengxoxo eqhubekayo eUnited States ukususela ekusungulweni kwayo kwiNdibano yezomGaqo-siseko ngowe - 1787, iqalisa ukuphikisana ngakumbi kwiminyaka yokugqibela yenkulungwane ye - 19, ukuza kuthi ga kule mihla.

Abahlalutyi beElectoral College bathi:

  • Isenokuphumela ekufumaneni umvuzo odumileyo wevoti
  • Inika impembelelo engathethekiyo ekujingeni amazwe ngeli xesha icutha abavoti kumazwe angakhuphiyo
  • Ibonelela ngeemeko ezincinci ezinempembelelo eninzi kumntu ngamnye kunamazwe amakhulu
  • Idala ithuba "labanyuli abangakholwayo" abangavotiyo njengoko kuqinisekiswe

Abakhuseli beElectoral College baphikisa ngelithi:

  • Igcina uburhulumente ngokuqinisekisa ukuba amaziko ahlala ebalulekile kunyulo lomongameli
  • Abathathi-nxaxheba bakhusela abajolise kuko kuphela kwimimandla yedolophu ephezulu
  • Kufunwa abantu abaza kubhaptizwa ukuba bakhe imibutho eyahlukahlukeneyo
  • Inika iziphumo ezicacileyo nezincomekayo kunyulo oluninzi

Utshintsho Lwenkqubo Ephambili

Inkqubo yecaucus yangoku ikwajongene nokugxekwa. Abanye baphikisa ngelithi i-Iowa kunye neNew Hampshire, amazwe amancinane namhlophe kakhulu, anempembelelo ngokuvota kuqala. Abanye bachaza ukuba ixesha elide eliphambili linokuba lidinisa kwaye libiza imali eninzi, lidimaza abathathi-nxaxheba abafanelekileyo ekubalekeni.

Utshintsho olucetyiswayo luquka:

  • Ukujikelezisa apho kulawula ivoti kuqala
  • Imimandla apho onke amaphondo akummandla avote ngosuku olunye
  • Isalathisi soMsebenzi weNkqubo
  • Ukukhupha ii-caucs ukuze kuthatyathwe amaplanga ukuze kufumaneke

Ulawulo lokhetho lokufumana

Impikiswano engongenelo lovoti ibandakanya ukuhlahlela ukhuseleko lonyulo nokuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abemi abafanelekileyo bangavota.

  • Imilinganiselo yokwalatha
  • Iinkqubo zokuvota zangaphambili kunye nokuvota
  • Iinkqubo zokubhalisa, kuquka ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo
  • Ukubuyiselwa kwamalungelo okuvota kubantu abanolwaphulo-mthetho
  • Ukubhincwa kwezithuba neeyure
  • Ukhuseleko lokhetho nobugcisa bokuvota

Indlela Yokuba Ngumntu Ofunde Izakhono Zokuvelisa Izinto

Ukuqonda abaququzeleli bonyulo lomongameli linyathelo lokuqala. Ukuba ngumntu onolwazi, obotshelelweyo kufuneka aqhubeke ezama kwaye egxeka.

Iimbambano Nophando

Zinike ixesha lokufunda ngemvelaphi, amava, kunye nezikhundla zomgaqo-nkqubo.

  • Ii-website ze-candidete kunye nezixhobo zephulo
  • Ukhokelo lwevoti yokungabikho komvoti kwimibutho efana noManyano lwaManyano lwaMantom
  • I-ofisi eqinisekisa ukuba iingxelo ezenziwe kumaphulo
  • Ingxelo yeendaba ekhutshwa kwiingxelo ezininzi
  • Iingxubusho eziphambili neeholo zedolophu
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Ulwazi olucacileyo

Kumaxesha okungachananga nokungawazi kakuhle inkcazelo, kubalulekile ukuhlolisisa inkcazelo:

  • Khawucinge ngomthombo wenkcazelo notyekelo
  • Jonga imvelaphi yokuqala kunokuthembela kwi-akhawunti ezisele
  • Yiba namathandabuzo ngezinto ezibangel ’ umdla uze uziqinisekise kwimithombo emininzi
  • Umahluko phakathi kokunikelwa kwengxelo yeendaba nokugqalwa
  • Lumka uluvo lwakho lokuzingqina uze ufune iimbono ezahlukeneyo

Yazi Imithetho Engqalileyo Karhulumente

Iinkqubo zokhetho ziyahluka ngokwemo, ngoko ke ziqhelane:

  • Ubalo-mali oluthe lwenziwa ngexesha lokubhalisa
  • Nokuba ngaba imeko yakho ivuliwe na okanye ivalwe
  • Ukuvota kwasekuqaleni nokungahoywa
  • Indawo kunye neeyure zokuvota
  • Luluphi ulwazi olufuna ukukuzisa ukuvota
  • Indlela yokuhlola ubume bobhaliso lwakho

Yiba Nenxaxheba Ngaphezu Kokuchwayita

Idemokhrasi ifuna okungaphezulu kunokufaka nje ivoti rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine. Qwalasela iindlela ezongezelelekileyo zokubandakanyeka:

  • Zikhethele amaphulo okanye ukukuxhasa
  • Ukungena kwiiholo zedolophu kunye nama-ofisi
  • Ukunxibelelana namagosa anyuliweyo ngemibandela ebalulekileyo kuwe
  • Thetha ngezobupolitika ngentlonelo nabantu abaneembono ezahlukileyo
  • Abavoti abanoncedo okanye banikezele ngezithuthi
  • Ukwaziswa ngezobupolitika kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo phakathi konyulo

Ukubaluleka Konyulo Lobuongameli

Unyulo lomongameli ngamathuba abalulekileyo kwidemokhrasi yaseMerika. Umongameli usebenza njengentloko yorhulumente, njengentloko karhulumente, kunye nentloko-ntloko yemikhosi exhobileyo, ephembelela kakhulu inkqubo yasekhaya, imicimbi yangaphandle, kunye nolwalathiso lohlanga.

Izigqibo zoomongameli zichaphazela phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi baseMerika, ukususela kwinkxalabo yezoqoqosho neyonyango, ukuya kwimfundo, imekobume, nokhuseleko lwesizwe. Umongameli ubeka amajaji karhulumente, kuquka abagwebi beNkundla ePhakamileyo abasebenzela ukusindisa ubomi nokumisela umthetho wezomGaqo-siseko wezizukulwana. Imiyalelo yemigaqo-siseko elawulayo, kunye noqingqo-mali oluneenjongo eziphambili zolawulo lomongameli.

Ngaphandle kwemigaqo engqalileyo, oomongameli bamisela indlela yokunikela intetho yesizwe baza bamela imilinganiselo yaseMerika ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.

Isiphelo: Ilizwi Lakho

Inkqubo yonyulo lomongameli waseMerika intsonkothile, enamanqanaba amaninzi ukusuka kwiprimies kunye nakumgangatho ophezulu ukuya kwiKholeji ye-Electoral ukuya kuqalisa. Nangona le ntsonkothe isenokubonakala isoyikisa, ukuqonda indlela inkqubo esebenza ngayo kukunika amandla okuba nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi.

Lunyulo ngalunye lomongameli lumela ithuba lokuba abemi babumbe ikamva lelizwe. Enoba uza kuvota okokuqala okanye okwesihlandlo samashumi amathathu, imicimbi yakho yokuthabatha inxaxheba. Ulawulo-melo luxhomekeke kulwazi, abemi abathenjiswe imbopheleleko yabo yokukhetha iinkokeli ngobulumko.

Ngokuyiqonda inkqubo yonyulo, ukuphanda abatshati-mvume nemibandela, ukucingela ngokunzulu ngenkcazelo, nokuphosa ivoti yakho enyanisweni, uphumeza indima yakho njengommi kwibutho loburhulumente bedemokhrasi. Ilungelo lokuvota lilungelo nembopheleleko, qha, yaye lityala eliye lalwa ngabantu abangenakubalwa ukukhusela nokwandisa imbali yamaMelika.

Njengoko ulungiselela unyulo lomongameli olandelayo, khumbula ukuba uvotelwe nguwe ekuboneni ukuba ngubani oza kukhokela uhlanga. Ukuxelelwa, ukuthenjiswa, nokuzinikela kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi eyenza ukuba urhulumente wakho aphumelele.

Imithombo eyongezelelweyo

Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngonyulo lomongameli nangendlela yokuba nenxaxheba, qwalasela ukuhlolisisa ezi zixhobo zinegunya:

Ezi zixhobo zinika ulwazi oluthembekileyo, olungelolatisi ukukunceda uhambe ngenkqubo yonyulo kwaye wenze izigqibo zolwazi. Nokuba ufuna ukuqonda unyulo, abaphandi, okanye ukufumana indawo yakho yokuvota, le mibutho inikela inkxaso exabisekileyo ekubopheleleni ubumi.

Unyulo lomongameli luchaza amaxesha kwidemokhrasi yaseMerika. Ngokuqonda indlela abasebenza ngayo kwaye baba nenxaxheba ngayo, unegalelo kwiphulo eliqhubekayo lorhulumente ongundoqo wovavanyo lwamaMelika.