Kumongo womthetho wocalucalulo lobudala, igama elithi elisengqiqweni indawo yokuhlala " lidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Libhekisela kutshintsho okanye utshintsho umqeshi okanye isiko elenzayo ukuze lincede umntu weminyaka ethile athathe inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo emsebenzini okanye kwamanye amathuba. Ukuqonda into esebenzayo enceda ukuhlahlela izithuba ezifanelekileyo kucacisa izibophelelo ezisemthethweni kunye nenkxaso. Le ngcamango, ngexa inxulumene nomthetho wesiphene phantsi koMthetho we-Melika (ADA), inezicelo ezicacileyo kwiimeko zocalucalucalulo, ingakumbi phantsi kwexesha lokungagqibeki komsebenzi (AAAA) kunye nemithetho efanayo. Inkcazelo esebenzayo ayihlali ndawonye; ivela kwiinkundla zokulawula, iinkonzo, iinkonzo ezisebenzayo, iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo, ithetha umahluko phakathi komsebenzi kunye nokusebenza kwamaqela amanani amanani amanani amanani amanani ahlukeneyo.

ISicwangciso Sasemthethweni Sokufumana Izindlu Ezifanelekileyo Kucalucalulo Lweminyaka

Ucalucalulo lwe-Age in Adrea in Act ye-1967 (ADEA) lukhusela abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala okanye abakhulileyo abasuka ekucalulweni emsebenzini ngenxa yobudala. Noko ke, i-ADEA ayifuni abaqeshi ukuba banike abasebenzi indawo yokuhlala elungeleleneyo ngendlela efanayo ne-ADA efuna indawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokukhubazeka. Endaweni yoko, ingcamango yokuba kubekho indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo kwiimeko zocalucalucalulo lobudala-mali ngokweemeko ezimbini: (1) xa umqeshi kufuneka ahlale kwimishosholo enxulumene nobudala obunxulumene nobudala obungaphakamayo obunganyukiyo, kwaye (2) xa ukungakwazi komqeshi ukuhla kwe-A kusenokufuneka ukuba athintele ucalucalucalucalucalulo olufanelekileyo, ngokukodwa xa abaqeshi befuna ukrwelo olufanelekileyo.

IADEA Nomgangatho Onzima

Ngokungafaniyo neADA, equka ngokucacileyo imfuneko yokunika abasebenzi abakhulileyo indawo yokuhlala ngaphandle kokuba bebangela ubunzima obungafanelekanga, iADEA ayiqulathanga gunya lokuhlala. Noko ke, iinkundla zitolike i ADEA ukucela indawo yokuhlala kwiimeko ezithile. Umzekelo, ukuba imigaqo yempatho yomsebenzi yomqeshi okanye iimfuno zomsebenzi zibandakanya ukungaqiniseki kwabasebenzi abadala, umqeshi kufuneka alungise ezo mfuneko zokuphepha impembelelo ekhoyo [. Ityala leNkundla ePhakamileyo [[FLT:]]. V. v. Isixeko somfono somsebenzi singakungakhangeli ukuba abaqeshi abasebenzi abakhulile bafumane ukuchasana kwento elungileyo (2005]) (2005) xa kungenziwangavunywa imbono elungileyo yokhetho lwe-ADA, kodwa abaqeshishishi benokukhusela ukuba kusetyenziswe enye iprojekthi yexesha lokuzinzo (FL.A). Oku kusenokungafuni ukuqwalalka kuqwalalka kuqwa. kodwa kuqwa ukuba

Imithetho kaRhulumente kunye noKhuselo olongezelelekileyo

Amaphondo amaninzi aye amisela imithetho eyandisiweyo ekukhuseleni kwe-ADEA. Ngokomzekelo, eminye imisebenzi esesikweni yephondo ifuna abaqeshi ukuba banike abasebenzi abakhulileyo indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo, nokuba abanayo imiqobo. IPair Hood Holok and Hosle Act yaseKhalifoniya (FEHA) kunye noMthetho waMalungelo oLuntu yimizekelo. Le mithetho idla ngokuchaza indawo yokuhlala ebanzi kwaye ibeka umsebenzi kubaqeshi ukuba babandakanye kwinkqubo edibanayo. Abaqeshi abasebenza kwimithetho emininzi kufuneka baziqonde ezi mfuneko zingafaniyo.

Yintoni Egqalwa Njengendlela Esengqiqweni Yokuhlala Kwimiba Yobuhlanga?

Igama elithi “ indawo esengqiqweni" kumomo wocalulo lobudala libhekiselele naluphi na ulungiso okanye ulungiso lomsebenzi, imekobume yomsebenzi, okanye uqheliselo lomsebenzi olunceda umntu omdala ukuba enze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yesikhundla, afumane iinzuzo ezilinganayo kunye namalungelo omsebenzi, okanye athathe inxaxheba kuqeqesho nakumathuba okuqhubela phambili. Ukuba nenxaxheba kuxhomekeke kwimeko yesiseko, ukulinganisa iimfuno zomqeshi kunye neenyaniso zomqeshi. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo iquka:

  • Imisebenzi enzima [ – Ukuvumela inxalenye yeyure ezingama-06, iiveki ezixinzelelweyo zokusebenza, okanye umsebenzi we-tekthari wokuhlalisa amaxhala empilo okanye iimbopheleleko zokunyamekela abasebenzi abadala.
  • Imisebenzi ye-Ergonomic[[FL:1] - Ukunikezela ngezitulo ezilungelelanisiweyo, iidesika ezimileyo, okanye ezinye izixhobo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo lomzimba.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Job ukwahlula kwakhona – Ukumisela imisebenzi emincinci efuna ukuphakamisa okanye ukuma okude umqeshwa omdala angenakuphinda akwenze ngokukhuselekileyo.
  • Iindlela zoqeqesho ezifakelweyo – zinika izinto ezinkulu ezishicilelweyo, iintlanganiso zoqeqesho ezicothayo ezi- àpackene, okanye uqeqesho olunye lwe-{onntlayone ukuhlalisa utshintsho olunxulumene nobude beminyaka {6] kukubona, ukuva, okanye isantya sokulungelelanisa.
  • Ubugcisa bokweyisa – Ukunikezela abafundi bekhusi, i-software yokubhala yentetho, okanye abaphakamisi babasebenzi abanokungaboni kakuhle.
  • Ukwamkelwa kwindawo engenanto - njengendlela yokugqibela yokukhetha, ukuba umqeshwa akasakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wokuqala nangngendawo yokuhlala, ezisawudlulisela kwindima elungileyo yokuvula apho zifaneleke khona.

Ukwahlula Ubudala . . . . . . .

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iindawo ezininzi zokuhlala eziceliweyo ngabasebenzi abakhulileyo zisenokufanelekela ukuba zibe yindawo yokuhlala yeziphene phantsi kwe-ADA ukuba imeko engaphantsi kwe-ADA (umz., isifo samathambo, ukulahlekelwa ziindlebe) ihlangabezana nenkcazelo yesiphene. Noko ke, iindawo zokuhlala ezitsalwayo ezinokucelwa kuphela ngenxa yokuhla kweminyaka engama-669 ekufuneka zingabi yisiphene. Umzekelo, umqeshwa ofuna ixesha elininzi lokugqiba uvavanyo olubhaliweyo ngenxa yokucotha kokusebenza okukhawulezileyo — kungekhona ngenxa yengxaki efunyanisweni efunyanisiweyo — anokuba nelungelo lokuhlala phantsi komthetho okhusela abasebenzi abadala. Abaqeshiweyo kufuneka baphathe isicelo ngasinye ngokobuqu kwaye baphephe ukuba abasebenzi abaneziphenembuku banokufumana indawo yokuhlala.

Izinto Eziphembelela Ukuba Nengqiqo Kwendawo Yokuhlala

Ukugqiba ukuba indawo yokuhlala ifanelekile na kufuna uhlalutyo lwenyaniso. Iinkundla kunye namasebe olawulo avavanya oothunywashe abaliqela, njengoko kuchazwe kwi [[FLT: 0]]A imimiselo kunye nokhokelo lwe-EEOC. Oku kulandelayo ziingqwalasela ezingundoqo:

Indalo Nexabiso Lokuhlala

Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo okungabizi mali ingako nokuphazamisa kakhulu kudla ngokujongwa njengesengqiqweni. Umzekelo, ukubonelela ngemfonomfono ekhutshiweyo kubiza imali encinane kwaye kunqabile ukubeka umthwalo onzima. Kwelinye icala, ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo kusenokugqalwa njengokungekho ngqiqweni kumqeshi omncinane. Ubuncwane bemali yomqeshi bungunobangela ongundoqo; into esengqiqweni kwinkampani yeFortune 500 isenokungabi yefemfem-597son.

Impembelelo Kumsebenzi Woshishino

Indawo yokuhlala mayingatshintshi uhlobo lweshishini okanye imisele ubunzima obungafanelekanga. Ingxaki engalawulekiyo ichazwa ngokufutshane ngaphantsi kwe ADEA kunaphantsi kwe ADA, kodwa iquka ubunzima obubalulekileyo okanye iindleko. Izizathu ziquka uhlobo lomsebenzi, inani labaqeshwa, kunye neziphumo zokuthwaliswa komsebenzi. Ukuba indawo yokuhlala izakuphazamisa ukhuseleko, ukuthintela imveliso, okanye ingqubano neenkqubo ezimiselwe ukuba ngaphezulu, ingathathwa njengengenangqiqo.

Ukuphumelela Kwendawo Yokuhlala

Indawo yokuhlala kufuneka incede umqeshwa omdala ukuba enze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi. Abaqeshi abafuneki ukunikezela ngeendawo zokuhlala ezingasebenzi okanye eziya kwenza isisongelo esingqalileyo kwimpilo okanye kukhuseleko. Umqeshwa uthwala imbopheleleko yokubonisa indlela indawo yokuhlala eceliweyo eza kusingatha ngayo umlinganiselo. Umzekelo, ukuba umqeshwa ucela ucwangciso oluncitshisiweyo lomsebenzi kodwa akanakugqiba imisebenzi engundoqo kwiiyure ezimbalwa, umqeshi angacebisa enye into, njengokwabelana okanye ukutshintsha ixesha lokusebenza.

Ubungakanani bomqeshi kunye nezibonelelo

Amashishini amancinane angenamali ingako nabasebenzi abambalwa basenokuba nenkululeko engakumbi yokungangeni indawo yokuhlala ekufuneka umqeshi omkhulu. IEEOC ijonga izibonelelo zemali ezipheleleyo zomqeshi, kuquka oovimba benkampani yobuzali, xa ivavanya ubunzima obungeyomfuneko. Intlangano encinane yengeniso engeyo-patroli isenokuyiphikisa ngokunempumelelo into yokuba intengo yemali exabisa imali eninzi ayinakufikeleleka, ngelinye ixesha umbutho omkhulu ungenayo.

Ukufaneleka Nokukhula Komqeshwa

Ukuhlala kufuneka kuvumelaniswe nomntu ngamnye. Ukuba umqeshwa akanazo iimfaneleko ezisisiseko zesikhundla, akukho mlinganiselo wendawo yokuhlala oza kubenza bafaneleke. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo zokukhula zinikwa ubunzima; ukususwa komqeshwa omncinci ukuze ahlalise umqeshwa osemgangathweni kusenokuba akuqikeleli ngaphandle kokuba isivumelwano esicetyisiweyo seqela sikuvumela oko. Noko ke, abaqeshi kufuneka baqwalasele enoba inkqubo ephezulu inokuchaphazeleka okanye itshintshwa ngokuvumelana nomnye umntu.

Inkqubela esebenzayo kunye noqheliselo oluhle lwabaqeshi

Yombini i-ADA kunye nemithetho emininzi yocalucalulo lobudala ifuna abaqeshi ukuba benze inkqubo edibanisiweyo kunye nabaqeshwa abacela indawo yokuhlala. Le nkqubo ibandakanya intsebenziswano phakathi komqeshi nomqeshi kunye nomqeshwa ukuchaza imida ecacileyo kunye nokufumana iindawo zokuhlala ezinokufumaneka. Izicelo zobudala obusekelwe phantsi kwe-ADEA, ngexa zingagunyaziswanga ngumthetho wesizwe, iinkundla zisoloko zikhangela kakuhle kubaqeshi ababonakalisa imvume elungileyo yokufumana izicombululo. Ukunga okanye ukubeka inkqubo ye-mgaqo-nkqubo yomntu ngamnye ngaphandle kokucabangela iimfuno ze-mdla.

Amanyathelo Okusebenzisana Okuphumelelayo

  1. [[UMTL: 0] Yamkela isicelo ngokukhawuleza. Kwanesicelo esithuliweyo sibangela ukuba umsebenzi ube kwi.
  2. [[NTLA: 0] ulwazi olufanelekileyo. Cela umqeshwa ukuba achaze umlinganiselo wendawo yokuhlala. Uxwebhu lwamayeza lungacelwa ukuba lungathelekiswa nale meko yempilo, kodwa lulumke ungafuni okungaphezulu koko kuyimfuneko.
  3. [[UMTLL: 0] Iinketho ezininzi. Ubuchopho bomqeshwa kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, jongana nabaqeshi, iingcali zezempilo, okanye i' Inethwekhi yeAccommodation (DAN) ukwenzela uncedo lobugcisa olukhululekileyo.
  4. [[FLT: 0] jonga indawo yokuhlala. Izinto ezicingisisiweyo nokuba indawo yokuhlala nganye ecetyisiweyo iyasebenza kwaye ayinyanzeli ubunzima obungeyomfuneko.
  5. [[UMTL: 0] Ukulungelelanisa indawo yokuhlala ekhethiweyo. Nika indawo yokuhlala ngendlela efike ngexesha kwaye ujonge ukusebenza kwayo. Lungelela ukuba kuyimfuneko.
  6. Uxwebhu lonke. Lugcina iirekhodi zesicelo, ingxoxo esebenzisanayo, kunye nesigqibo sokugqibela. Olu xwebhu lubalulwe ukuba isigqibo somqeshi sicelw'ucelo kamva.

Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo Omele Uziphephe

  • Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi abadala abafuni khefu – utshintsho olunxulumene neminyaka luqhelekile, kwaye iziphiwo ezisebenzayo zokuhlala zinganyusa inkumbulo kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukucela ulwazi olugqithisileyo lwezamayeza - kuphela uxwebhu olufunayo olufaneleke ngqo kwindawo yokuhlala.
  • Ulibaziseko lwenkqubo – ulibaziseko olungeyomfuneko lungachazwa njengokholo olubi okanye ukukhanyela okwakhayo.
  • Ukukhulula enye “isayizi `iimveliso'' isisombululo” [ - Oko kusebenza kumsebenzi omnye kusenokungasebenzi komnye oneminyaka ekwanye ^6 enxulumene nomlinganiselo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukucela abasebenzi abacela indawo yokuhlala – intengiso yokubuyisa iqhelekile kwaye isoloko iphumelela naxa intengo ephantsi yendawo yokuhlala ingaphumeleli.

Imisebenzi

Ukuqonda ingcaciso kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokuhlala kwiimeko zocalulo lobudala kubalulekile kumalungu omabini. Abaqeshwa kufuneka bawazi amalungelo abo baze banxibelelane ngokunempumelelo neemfuno zabo, ngoxa abaqeshi kufuneka balinganisele ulungelelwano phakathi kokuxhasa abasebenzi abalupheleyo nokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle.

Abasebenzi

Ukuba ungumsebenzi okhulileyo oneengxaki ngenxa yeenguqu ezinxulumene neminyaka engama-76 ubudala, unelungelo lokucela indawo yokuhlala. Kucetyiswa ukuba:

  • Bhala umlinganiselo okhethekileyo nendlela ochaphazela ngayo umsebenzi wakho.
  • Cela indawo yokuhlala esengqiqweni okholelwa ukuba iza kukunceda.
  • Nika nawaphina amaxwebhu axhasayo amayeza ukuba umlinganiselo wempilo qha unxulumene nempilo, kodwa kuphela ukuba uyacelwa.
  • Thetha nabo xa nibhala ukuze nibhale ingxelo.
  • Xelela i-EEOC okanye isebe lakho elifanelekileyo lelizwe ukuba umqeshi akavumi ukuthabatha okanye ukukhanyela isicelo esisengqiqweni.

Khumbula ukuba asinto ikhethwayo yeyokuhlala. Isicelo sexesha elithile lekhefu okanye indawo ethile yedesika ethile singathathwa njengendawo yokuhlala esemthethweni ngaphandle kokuba ithetha ngqo ngomlinganiselo wobudala obunxulumene neminyaka. Indawo yokuhlala kufuneka ifuneke. Noko ke, ukuba umqeshi unembali yokuhlala nabasebenzi abaselula ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, ukukhanyela isicelo somqeshwa omdala kusenokuba bubungqina bocalucalulo lobudala.

Abaqeshi

Abaqeshi abayiqondayo baze bafumane iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo banokunciphisa ixesha lokuchitha ixesha, baphephe ukuthatha inxaxheba, baze benze imisebenzi eqhelekile. Ezina zinto ziquka:

  • Abaphathi boqeqesho kunye nabasebenzi beHR kwimfuno zomthetho we-ADEA nomthetho.
  • Ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yokuhlala ebhaliweyo egubungela iminyaka engama-76 yezicelo ezinxulumeneyo, hayi izicelo zokukhubazeka kuphela.
  • Ukulungiselela inkqubo ecacileyo nefikelelekayo ukuba abasebenzi bacele indawo yokuhlala.
  • Ukuqwalasela iindawo zokuhlala kwanaxa engacengwanga ngokungqalileyo ngumqeshwa; maxa wambi umphathi uphawula ukuncipha komsebenzi onokuthi uncitshiswe luhlengahlengiso olulula.
  • Ukuhlolisisa indlela umsebenzi ochazwa ngayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kuchazwe ngokuchanileyo, kuba oku kugqiba ukuba yiyiphi indawo yokuhlala enokwenzeka.
  • Ukubuza isiluleko esingokwasemthethweni ngaphambi kokuba ukhanyele isicelo, ingakumbi ukuba umqeshwa ulungiselele amaxwebhu aphathelele ezonyango okanye ukuba isicelo siphantsi.

Ukungayiniki indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo kunokubeka abaqeshi kwityala kungekuphela nje lokungahoywa kwendawo yokuhlala kodwa kwanokukhutshwa ngokwakhayo — umzekelo, ukuba umqeshi okhulileyo uyeka ngenxa yokuba umqeshi wala ukunikezela ngendawo elula ebeya kuvumela ukuba iqhubeke isebenza. Ii-Daementi zingaquka ukubuyiselwa kwemali, intlawulo yangaphambili, umonakalo we-compration, kunye nemali yegqwetha. Kwiimeko zokungathobeli ngemposiso, umonakalo owenziwe ngabom olingana nentlawulo olubuyayo zinokuhlawulwa.

Uphuhliso Lwakutshanje Neengxaki Ezimandundu

Umhlaba wocalucalulo lobudala nendawo yokuhlala elungelelaniyo iyatshintsha. Enye into ephumayo kukwanda komsebenzi ophezulu kunye namalungiselelo abhetyebhetye njengendawo yokuhlala yabasebenzi abakhulileyo, ingakumbi xa kulandela isifo se-COVID . Abaqeshi abaninzi bafumanile ukuba umsebenzi obekekileyo unokwenzeka kwiindima ezithile, kwaye abaqeshwa abadala bangangenelwa ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwe-combustyhalo, uthambeko oluphezulu, kunye nokuchanabeka phantsi kweziphumo ezinokugula emsebenzini. I-EOC ibonise ukuba umsebenzi okude unokuba yindawo esengqiqweni ukuba awubangeli ubunzima obungafanelekanga. Abaqeshi-misebenzi abasebenza kude kufuneka baphathe izikhundla eziphezulu kunye nezikhundla eziyingozi ezifana nezikhubaze i-clo.

Enye indawo ekhulayo ibandakanya ukusebenzisa ubuchule obungeyoyamvelo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza ngekhompyutha ekuqesheni nasekuhloleni umsebenzi. Ezi zixhobo zingabacalula ngokungaziyo abasebenzi abadala ngokuthembela kugcino-lwazi oluthi lufakelele iipateni ezinxulumene ubudala (umz., ubude, umvuzo, iindlela zonxibelelwano ezahlukileyo). Xa umqeshi esebenzisa izixhobo ezinjalo kwaye engavumi ukuhlalisa abasebenzi abadala ngokulungisa inkqubo yokuhlola, kusenokuba yingozi kwizinto ezibandakanyekileyo zokwaluphala. Abaqeshi-mthetho kufuneka bavavanye ubugcisa babo ukuqinisekisa ukuba aziyifaki impembelelo edibanisweni, baze baqwalasele iindawo zokuhlola umsebenzi wezandla okanye iingxelo ezingolunye uhlobo lomsebenzi abatsha abacela uncedo okanye abaqeshwa.

Ekugqibeleni, iinkundla ziyaqhubeka zicombulula imida ye “ingxaki enzima ngokugqithileyo" kwiimeko zokwahlulwa kwabantu abakhulileyo. Ezinye iinkundla zesiphaluka zisebenzise umgangatho ophezulu kubaqeshi xa indawo yokuhlala ithe yangabi naxabiso laneleyo kwaye umqeshwa unembali eqinileyo yomsebenzi. Inkundla ePhakamileyo ye-U.S. ayiyilawulanga ngqo imilinganiselo esezantsi yobunzima obungeyo phantsi kwe-ADEA, ishiya ukungaqiniseki. Abaqeshi-mthetho kufuneka benze impazamo kwicala lendawo yokuhlala xa ihlawulwa kwaye inzuzo yomqeshwa iphezulu.

Isiphelo

Ukuhlala ngokusengqiqweni kumatyala ocalucalulo obudala buyingcamango ecacileyo engaphaya kwenkcazelo elula esemthethweni. Ibonisa ukuzimisela okungokwentlalo ukuvumela abasebenzi abakhulileyo bahlale besebenza kwaye besebenza, ngaphandle kokuba indawo yokuhlala ayibeki abaqeshi umthwalo ongafanelekanga. Ukuba ungumsebenzi ofuna ukuqhubeka usebenza kwizithuba ezingama-65 ezidlulileyo okanye umqeshi ozama ukwakha iqela elinamaqela ahlukeneyo, ukuqonda oko kwenza ukuba indawo yokuhlala ilungelelene nempumelelo. Inkqubo esetyenziswayo, unxibelelwano olulungileyo lwenkolo, kunye nokuvuma ukusungula izicombululo ziya kunciphisa umngcipheko osemthethweni kwaye kukhulise umgangatho ofanelekileyo emsebenzini. Njengoko iminyaka yobudala nobomi obufanelekileyo, inkcazelo yendawo yokuhlala iya kuqhubeka isanda, kodwa injongo yayo ihlala ingekaguquguqu: ukuqinisekisa ukuba iminyaka elinganayo ayiko ukuqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo.