Injongo Nokubaluleka Kobalo

Ubalo lungowona mbutho mkhulu nobanzi wokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi owenziwa lilizwe. Uqhutywa ngokuqhelekileyo yonke iminyaka elishumi kumazwe amaninzi, injongo yawo eyintloko kukubala wonke umntu ohlala kwimida yesizwe. Oku kugqitha kumlinganiselo ocacileyo. Ubalo lwamanani asebenza njengesiseko somelo lomelo-demokhrasi, ukusasazwa koovimba abazibonelelo, kunye nokwenziwa kwemigaqo esekelwe kubungqina. Ngokuqonda kakuhle oko kuqokelelwayo noku kungenxa yoko, abemi bangayiqonda into efunekayo kunye nexabiso lokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo.

Isiseko sembali kunye nomthetho

Ubalo lwangoku lubonisa imvelaphi yalo kwimpucuko yamandulo, apho abalawuli kwakufuneka bazi ubungaphi nobungakanani bemini yabo yerhafu kunye nokuya emkhosini. Namhlanje, ukubalwa kwabantu kumiselwe kumthetho kwiintlanga ezininzi. Umzekelo, umGaqo-siseko waseUnited States uyayalela ukubalwa qho iminyaka elishumi ukumisela umelo lwengqungquthela. UMthetho ka-Census ka-1790 wasungula ubalo lokuqala lwase-U.S. kunye nemithetho eyalandelayo iye yandisa umlinganiselo wokukhusela okufihlakeleyo. Ngokufanayo, i-UKCRIbety Act ilawula ubalo lwe-deccomistication eNgilani naseWales. Ezi zisezi zisemthethwenileyo inguqululo olusemthethweni lugunyaziswe, lunentsingiselo, kwaye luqhutywa ngenkqubo efanayo.

Oko Kuqokelelwa Kumbuzo

I-impee yokuhlola inani labantu yenzelwe ngobuchule ukuqokelela iingongoma ezininzi ngaphandle kokuxakeka ngokugqithiseleyo. Imibuzo ivavanywa ngokungqongqo kwiminyaka emininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba kucacile, kuyimfuneko, kwaye kuncinane ukuphazamisa ubuqu. Le nkcazelo ikwiintlobo eziliqela ezingundoqo.

Ulwazi ngemo-mbonakaliso Yakho

Umntu ngamnye kwikhaya kufuneka anikele iinkcukacha ezisisiseko zamanani abantu. Ezi ziquka igama, ubudala, usuku lokuzalwa, isini, kunye nemvelaphi yesizwe okanye yemvelaphi yohlanga [. Kwamanye amazwe, i-peace ibuza ngolwalamano nomninimzi (umz., iqabane, umntwana, umntu ohlala kunye). Ugcino-lwazi lweminyaka lubalulekile ekubaleni umlinganiselo wokuxhomekeka, ukuceba ubuchule besikolo, kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili ubuchule bezempilo obufunekayo kubantu abalupheleyo. Uhlanga kunye nogcino-lwazi lwesizwe lunceda ukunyanzelisa amalungelo abantu nokungalingani komgangatho wempilo okanye ithuba lezoqoqosho.

Ukwakhiwa Kwendlu Nolwalamano

Kubalwa abantu okuqalisa ukuba ngubani ohlala kwikhaya ngalinye nendlela abahlobene ngayo. Oku kuquka inani labantu abakwintsapho, enoba bahlobene nomninimzi, nokuba bakwimeko yomtshato wabo. Ukubalwa ngokuchanileyo kweentsapho kubalulekile ekumiseleni izakhiwo zentsapho, ukwanda kwamakhaya, kunye nenani lamakhaya angenamaqabane ahlukahlukeneyo. Oku kuchaphazela inkqubo yokuhlala, iinkqubo zokuxhasa intlalo-ntle, kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu.

Iimpawu zendlu

Imibuzo malunga nendawo yokuhlala ngokwayo ikwimo esesikweni kwiifomu ezininzi zobalo lwabantu. Ezi ziquka ingunyu efaka intloko-mbini (ifakelwe, iqeshiwe, iqeshiwe), uhlobo lwesakhiwo (ikhaya elinye, indlu erhuqwayo, indlu), inani lamagumbi, kunye nokufumaneka kwezinto ezisisiseko ezifana nokubaleka kwamanzi, umbane, kunye nonikezelo lwe-Internet. Olu lwazi lwazi lusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ubunjani bezindlu, ukuphawula ngaphezulu, kunye nokutyala ingeniso kwisakhiwo esinemiqathango. Umzekelo, iindawo ezinenani eliqesha eliqeshayo lisenokufuna iinkqubo zoncedo olwahlukileyo kuneendawo eziqeshiweyo eziqeshiweyo eziqeshiweyo.

Umsebenzi Wengqesho Nezoqoqosho

Umgangatho womkhosi wabasebenzi usisiseko sogcino-lwazi lokubala. Abathathi-nxaxheba bayabuzwa ukuba babeqeshiwe, abasebenzi, okanye abasebenzi ngeveki ethile. Eminye imibuzo igquma ityala , ushishino, iklasi lomsebenzi (icandelo lobuqu, urhulumente, uqeshwa, iiyure ezisebenzayo), kwaye ziyasebenza. Nangona ugcino-lwazi lwengeniso luqokelelwe ngokwahlukeneyo ngophando, lungavela kwimibuzo yokubala abantu kwamanye amazwe, lubuza ngengeniso yonke yendlu kunyaka ophelileyo. Oku kuqwalaselwa kwezoqoqosho kungenisa izicwangciso-mali zezemali, uphuhlisomsebenzi, uphuhliso lwezentlalo-ntle, kunye nohlalo lwezoqoqosho.

Ukubhalisa Ngemfundo Nesikolo

Imibuzo yemfundo ifumana umgangatho ophezulu wemfundo egqitywe, ukusuka kwisikolo esingaphantsi kwesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ukuya kwidigrisi. Basenokubuza nangemfundo ekhoyo yesikolo okanye yekholeji. Imfundo ibalulekile ekuhlolweni kwekomkhulu labantu, ekucwangcisweni kwesithili sesikolo, nasekuhloleni ukuphumelela kweenkqubo zemfundo. Abaphathi-nkqubo basebenzisa le nkcazelo ukuchaza iindawo ekufunwa kuzo utyalo-mali lwemfundo okanye uqeqesho lwemisebenzi.

Ukufuduka kunye neNtshukumo yeGeographic

Ii-arhente ezininzi zobalo-manani ziquka umbuzo malunga nendawo umntu awayehlala kuyo kwiminyaka emihlanu edluleyo (okanye ngexesha lobalo-bantu lwangaphambili). Oku kunceda ukulandelela indlela yokufuduka, ukutshintsha kwedolophu ukuya kwenye indawo, kunye nokuhamba kwabantu ngenxa yoothunywashe bezoqoqosho okanye bemeko-bume.

Imibandela Ekhethekileyo Nemibuzo Engakumbi

Kuxhomekeke kwilizwe nakwimijikelo ekhethekileyo yokubalwa kwabantu, iimodyuli ezongezelelekileyo zingaqukwa. Umzekelo, uvavanyo loluntu lwaseMelika [[FLT]] [ACS] eUnited States] luqokelela iinkcukacha ngeenkcukacha ngolwimi oluthethwa ekhaya, ukukhubazeka, inkcazo ye-inshorensi yempilo, kunye nemeko yamava. Amanye amazwe abuza ngonqulo, ubuhlanga ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi, okanye izinto zendlu ezifana nokufumaneka kwemoto. Le mibuzo yongezelelelo iqinisekisa ukuba asebenzela injongo ecacileyo yobalo lwemali kwaye awayisebenzisi eminye imithombo yogcino-lwazi.

Isizathu Sokuba Kubuze Imibuzo Engqalileyo

Umbuzo ngamnye ophathelele ubalo lwabantu unengqiqo ecacileyo enxulumene neemfuno ezingokwasemthethweni, zolawulo okanye zophando.

Ulwazi ngeGama kunye noNxibelelwano

Amagama aqokelelwa ngokuyintloko ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu ngamnye ubalwa kanye kwaye ukuvumela ukulandelwa ngokulandelelana ukuba idata ilahlekile okanye ayihambelani. Asetyenziswanga ukuveza okanye ukuhlola. Igama ledata lahlulwe ukusuka kulwazi emva kokuqhubekeka kwalo kwaye ligcinwe liyimfihlo phantsi komthetho ongqongqo.

Ubudala Nesini

Ubudala kunye neentlobano zesini zezona zingundoqo. Zisetyenziswa phantse kubo bonke abantu abathelekelelayo, ukususela ekubaleni inani lokuzalwa ukuya ekuvezeni iindleko zoKhuseleko loluntu. Ugcino-lwazi lwesini luqinisekisa ukuba iinkonzo ezifana nempilo yoomama kunye neendawo zokufihla intloko zamabhinqa zixhaswa kakuhle. Ugcino-lwazi lonyaka lukhuthaza ukubhalisa nokucwangcisa izikolo eziphezulu.

Uhlanga Nobuhlanga

Imibuzo yobuhlanga neyobuhlanga ilawulwa ngumthetho wamalungelo abantu, njengoMthetho weVoing Rights kwi-U.S. kunye noMthetho we-Mali kwi-U.S. ngaphandle kolu gcino-lwazi, bekungayi kunokwenzeka ukuba kulinganiswe ucalucalulo, kunyanzelwe ukuba kubekho imithetho esesikweni yezindlu, okanye kuhlawulwe iimali kwiinkqubo ezinceda abantu abambalwa. Ezi ntlobo ziyahlaziywa ngamaxesha athile ukubonakalisa indlela etshintshayo yokuqonda ubuhlanga nohlanga.

Ingeniso Yasekhaya Nemisebenzi

Ingxelo yemali inceda ekuboneni ukuba ikho ingeniso kwiinkqubo zoncedo lukawonke-wonke, ichaza iingxowa-mali zobuhlwempu, kwaye ibala ingeniso yezee-asethi yemali yelizwe lonke. Ugcino-lwazi lwemisebenzi lubonisa ukuba ngowuphi ushishino olukhulayo okanye olunciphayo, apho kufuneka iinkqubo zoqeqesho lomsebenzi, nendlela izoqoqosho zengingqi ezithelekisa ngayo. Le nkcazelo isetyenziswa yiBureau of Labor Statistics kunye namanye amasebe ukuvelisa iingxelo zengqesho ngenyanga.

Indlela Ugcino-lwazi lobalo olusetyenziswa ngayo kumgaqo-nkqubo

Xa sele kuqokelelwe yaye kungaziwa mntu, inkcazelo yokubala iba yinto esisiseko kwizigqibo ezininzi ezichaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Ukumela Kwezobupolitika Nokuhlaziya

Enye yezona zenzo zingqalileyo zogcino-lwazi lokubala kukuzoba izimi zowiso-mthetho. Uqulunqwe lwabemi luqikelela ukuba zingaphi izihlalo ezifunyanwa ngurhulumente ngamnye okanye kummandla ngamnye kwipalamente okanye kwingqungquthela. Kumazwe, iinkcukacha zogcino-lwazi lomgangatho wabemi balapho ziqinisekisa ukuba isithili ngasinye sinenani elifanayo labantu, sibambelele kumgaqo "womntu omnye, ivoti enye". Ukuguquka emva kokuba ubalo ngalunye lungaguqula igunya lezobupolitika kalishumi leminyaka.

Ukufuduka

Amakhulu ezigidi zeerandi ezifumaneka kwiminikelo karhulumente zisasazwa ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo ezithenjiswe ngokwemiba yabantu. Iinkqubo ezifana ne-Medicaid, iNkqubo yeSikolo seSizwe seLunch, ucwangciso lohola wendlela, kunye neMbutho woPhuhliso loMbutho uxhomekeke kumanani achanileyo abantu. Ukubalwa kwabantu abangaphantsi kwexabiso lemali kungabiza uluntu izigidi zeerandi kwingeniso elahlekileyo ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi. ukupheliswa yiPew Critablers Trusts[[ kubonisa ukuba amakhulu enkqubo asebenzisa ubalo lwabemi abajoliswe ekufumaneni izinto ezibalweni ngokweentweni ukuze bafumane ezona zinokuthintelwa.

ISebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko neMidlalo

Ubudala, ingeniso, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwezindlu zinceda amagosa ezempilo karhulumente aqonde abantu abasengozini yokuhlaselwa zizifo okanye iimeko zempilo ezinganyangekiyo. Ngexesha lesifo se-COVOVAD-19, kwasetyenziswa ugcino-lwazi lokubala ukumisela iindawo zokuvavanya kunye neekliniki zokugoma. Izibhedlele kunye namasebe ezempilo asebenzisa inani labemi ukuceba iinkonzo zobelo, ukunyamekela i-geratric, kunye nobuchule begumbi longxamiseko.

Imfundo Nezikolo

Imimandla yezikolo ixhomekeke kulwazi oluchaza ukuba abantwana baya kuya kubalwa, bacwangcise izikolo ezintsha, yaye banike abantu abafunda ulwimi olukhethekileyo nesiNgesi.

Izithuthi Nezakhiwo

Iindlela zokuqhuba, ukuba nezithuthi, nobunzima babemi zonke zisuka kwimibuzo yokubala abantu. Abaphathi bezithuthi basebenzisa obu gcino-lwazi ukuyila iindlela zothutho lukawonke-wonke, ukugqiba indawo oza kwakha kuyo iindlela ezintsha okanye iindlela zeebhayisekile, kunye nokucwangcisa izitishi ezihamba ngombane. Iingxelo zoluntu zinceda ekuxeleni kwangaphambili ukuba amanzi afunwa ixesha elide, umkhukula, kunye nombane.

Ukuphuhliswa kwezoqoqosho nezigqibo zoshishino

Amashishini asebenzisa ubalo lwabantu ukuze agqibe indawo aza kuvula kuyo iivenkile ezintsha, izinto anokuzinika, nendlela yokuthengisa. Ugcino-lwazi luwanceda aqonde ukuba ingingqi yorhwebo injani na. Amaziko ophuhliso lwezoqoqosho asekuhlaleni ayisebenzisa ukutsala abaqeshi ngokubonisa abasebenzi abakhoyo kunye nobuchule babo.

Imfihlelo Nokhuseleko Logcino - lwazi

Ukuxhalabela ukuba wedwa kudla ngokungakukhuthazi ukuba nenxaxheba, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela ekhuselwe ngayo inkcazelo yokubala abantu.

Ukukhuselwa Kwasemthethweni

EUnited States, iSihloko 13 seKhowudi ye-U.S. senza ukuba kungabi mthethweni ukuba nawuphi na umqeshwa weBhawulo loMsebenzi okwaziwayo ukwabelana ngolwazi lobuqu. Ukuchasa kunezigwebo eziqatha, kuquka iminyaka emihlanu entolongweni kunye nemali ehlawulweyo engu-R350 000. Imithetho efanayo ikho kwamanye amazwe. Iziko leMibaliso [ likwaqinisekisa ukuba ugcino-manani obuqu lugcinwe lukhuselekile iminyaka eli-100 ngaphambi kokuba lukhululwe ngenxa yophando lwesizwe.

Utshintsho logcino-lwazi

Ugcino-lwazi oludityanisiweyo olunamagama needilesi aluzange lukhululwe. Endaweni yoko, ubuchule bobalo-manani obufana nokutshintshana kogcino-lwazi (ukutshintsha amasuntswana ogcino-lwazi phakathi kwezindlu ezifanayo) kunye nesitofu sengxolo zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukwenziwa kwakhona komntu ngamnye. Oku kuvumela ukuba amanani ahlaziyiweyo achanileyo akhuseleke xa eyimfihlo. I-Censureare Bureaunication ikwasebenzisa iindlela zokuphepha ukhuseleko, kuquka ubumfiliba obahlukeneyo, ukukhusela amanani angakumbi abaphendula.

Oko Kwenzekayo Kulwazi Onalo Emva Kokuthobela

Izifezekiso zobalo zibhalwe ngokufihlakeleyo ngexesha losasazo kwaye zigcinwe kwiiseva ezikhuselekileyo. Emva kokuba kulungiselelwa, ulwazi lokwahlula lwahlulwa kugcino-lwazi lwezibalo. I-Census Bureau ayivumelekanga ngokusemthethweni ukwabelana nge-data yakho nawo nawuphi na omnye umbutho karhulumente, kuquka ukunyanzelisa umthetho, amagunya okufuduka, okanye amaqumrhu okuqokelela irhafu. Olu donga lomlilo lugqibelele kwaye luye lwaxhaswa ngaphezu kwenkulungwane.

Indaleko Yemibuzo Yobalo

Ubalo - manani luye lwatshintsha ngendlela ephawulekayo ekuhambeni kwexesha, lubonisa inkqubela kwezobugcisa, kwiindlela zoluntu nakwiimfuno zenkcazelo.

Ukusuka Kwiphepha Ukuya Kumanani

Ubalo lwakuqala lwaqhutywa nge-computers ezisemnyango ukuya kwindlu yabaphathi-majoni ngefomu yamaphepha. Ubalo lwama-2020 e-U.S. lwaphawula okokuqala ukuba uninzi lweentsapho luphendule nge-intanethi. Oku kutshintshwa kosetyenziso lwephepha olucuthiweyo, ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi, kwaye kuvunyelwe ukuphendula ngemibuzo. Ngo-2021, i-UK yenza impendulo engagqibekanga, ngefomu yephepha ekhoyo kuphela ngesicelo. Ulungiso lwamanani lukwanceda uguqulelo olulula, ukusebenza kwexesha lokwenene, kunye nokusasazwa ngokukhawuleza kweziphumo zokokuqala.

Ukutshintsha Imibuzo Yabantu

Njengokuba ibutho liguquka, kunjalo nangezigaba ezingobalo. Ubalo lwama-2020 e-U.S. luquka iindidi zobuhlanga ezineenkcukacha kwaye luvumela abaphendulayo ukuba babhale kwimvelaphi yabo ekhethekileyo. Ubalo-manani lwama-UK 2021 longezelele imibuzo ngenkonzo yasemkhosini, ukuchazwa kwembonakalo yesini kunye nobufana (ukuzichaza ngokwalo), kunye nemibuzo ehlaziyiweyo malunga namaqela esizwe ahlukeneyo.

Unxulumano nogcino-lwazi lolawulo

Amaziko abonisa ukubala abantu namhlanje asebenzisa iingxelo zolawulo ezivela kumasebe karhulumente ukuze agqibe izithuba aze aphucule utshintsho. Oku kunganciphisa umthwalo kumakhaya ekunzima ukufikelela kuwo. Ngokomzekelo, iSebe lezeNkathi lezeNtlalo-ntle yase-U.U.S. lisebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kwi-International Revolution Service Service, kunye namasebe eenqwelo-mafutha karhulumente ukubala abantu abangasabeli kwingingqi ezininzi. Oku kuphucula indlela yokuthetha ngokugcina imfihlo ngexesha elifihlakeleyo.

Imbono Eqhelekileyo Engachananga Ngobalo

Ukungaqiniseki kusenokukuchaphazela ukuba nenxaxheba. Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ezicacisweyo.

"Ubalo lusetyenziselwa ukulandelela okanye ukugxotha abaphambukeli."

Oku kububuxoki. Ubalo lwenkcazelo aluze luhlangane nomthetho ogunyazisa ukufuduka. Umthetho uyalela ngokucacileyo ukusebenzisa iimpendulo zokubala abantu nabani na. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kukhuselekile kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabahlali, yaye ubalo luquka bonke abemi, hayi abemi nje kuphela.

Iimpendulo zam zothengiswa, zothengiswa, zisetyenziselwe ukuthengisa.

ICensus Bureau ayithengi nkcazelo kumntu. Ngokomthetho, iimpendulo zakho azinakukhutshwa ubuncinane iminyaka engama-72. Kuphela ziziphumo ezipapashwayo, ezifumaneka ngokukhululekileyo kubantu.

"Imibuzo yokubala abantu ayiyomfuneko"

Kumazwe amaninzi, ukugqiba ukubalwa kwabantu kunyanzelekile ngokomthetho. Ukungavumi ukuphendula okanye ukunikela inkcazelo yobuxoki kungaphumela kwintlawulo. Noko ke, iqaqobana lemibuzo engokhetho (njengokuba usaziwa ngokwesini kwamanye amazwe) liphawulwe ngokucacileyo. Ukuqonda oko kufunekayo kuyanceda ekuphepheni isohlwayo.

Ukubalwa akunanto kum.

I-data ichaza iinkalo ezininzi zengingqi ohlala kuyo, ukusuka kwinani lezihlalo kwibhunga lesixeko ukuya kwimali yethala lakho leencwadi. Ngaphandle kokubala ngokuchanileyo, abantu basenokufumana i-odoli encinane kwaye bangafumani buncwane obuninzi kunokuba bufanele.

Indlela Yokugqiba Impelesi Yobalo Ngokuchanileyo

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba indlu yakho ibalwa kakuhle, landela la manyathelo alula.

Babala Bonke Abantu Abahlala Ekhayeni Lakho

Ukuba umntu uhlala nawe okwexeshana (njengomfundi wasekholeji ohlala kude kodwa abuyele ekhaya), landela imigaqo engqalileyo enikelwe ligunya lakho lokubala.

Uxwebhu olungundoqo luLungile

Ukufumana inkcazelo ngomntu ngamnye: igama elipheleleyo, usuku lokuzalwa, kunye, ukuba kufanelekile, ubumi okanye ubume bokufuduka (ukuba kuceliwe). Ukwazi umsebenzi wendawo nomsebenzi womntu ngamnye kunokuyikhawulezisa imibuzo yemisebenzi. Kwimibuzo yezindlu, sebenzisa imali yakho okanye uthenge imali yendlu.

Phendula Ngokukhawuleza kunye ne Usebenzisa ikhompyutha

Iimpendulo zoluvo lwekhompyutha zikhawulezile kwaye zichane kakhulu kunephepha. Uza kufumana ikhowudi eyodwa ukuqinisekisa impendulo enye kuphela kwindlu nganye. Ukuba uphoswa lixesha, umthathi-nxaxheba angatyelela ikhaya lakho. Ukuphendula kunciphisa imfuneko yokulandela umqeshi, ukugcina imali yomhlawuli werhafu.

Xa Ungaqinisekanga, Buza Igosa

Ukuba akuqinisekanga ukuba ngubani oza kuphendula okanye oza kuphendula njani, yiya kwiwebhsayithi yokubala esemthethweni yelizwe lakho. Musa ukuthembela kumava okanye kumajelo eendaba.

I-minittle yobalo lwabantu ingaphezulu kakhulu kunendlela elula. Sisixhobo esiyilwe ngobuchule esinika isiseko sogcino-lwazi lwedemokhrasi, ubulungisa, nenkqubela. Ngokuqonda inkcazelo eqokeleliweyo nesizathu sokuba, ungawufikelela umsebenzi ngentembelo kwaye unikele ngesiqinisekiso esichanileyo kubalo olunceda wonke umntu. Inxaxheba yakho asiyombopheleleko esemthethweni kuphela kodwa sisenzo esinentsingiselo esibumba ikamva lengingqi yakho kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo.